Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662918More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660323More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24662689More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	629	...	...	616	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	537	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	266	...	...	284	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	222	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	258	...	...	272	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	9,169.1	...	...	8,737.6	...	...	6.5	...	...	6,172.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.07	...	...	0.07	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.09	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	630	310	320	615	285	330	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	535	270	270
0 to 14 years	130	60	65	105	50	60	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	95	45	45
0 to 4 years	45	25	20	30	15	15	422,980	217,145	205,840	35	20	15
5 to 9 years	45	20	25	45	15	25	478,955	245,295	233,665	30	15	20
10 to 14 years	35	15	20	35	15	15	489,425	250,855	238,570	25	10	15
15 to 64 years	415	210	205	395	190	205	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	345	175	170
15 to 19 years	25	10	15	30	15	10	429,400	219,400	209,995	25	10	15
20 to 24 years	35	15	20	35	15	15	460,660	235,250	225,405	30	10	20
25 to 29 years	35	20	10	30	15	20	527,150	266,455	260,700	35	20	20
30 to 34 years	45	20	25	40	20	20	536,040	267,770	268,270	45	20	25
35 to 39 years	50	20	25	40	10	30	550,425	274,350	276,075	40	20	20
40 to 44 years	50	25	20	55	30	25	572,565	286,405	286,160	45	15	25
45 to 49 years	30	10	20	35	15	20	516,465	259,565	256,905	25	20	10
50 to 54 years	40	20	15	40	20	20	522,935	262,610	260,325	30	15	15
55 to 59 years	40	25	20	55	35	25	615,690	307,230	308,465	40	25	15
60 to 64 years	55	30	25	40	20	20	625,610	307,710	317,900	25	10	10
65 years and over	85	40	45	115	50	70	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	100	45	55
65 to 69 years	30	15	15	30	15	15	541,970	264,020	277,950	30	10	20
70 to 74 years	20	10	15	25	15	15	455,900	217,985	237,910	30	15	10
75 to 79 years	15	5	5	20	10	10	330,840	153,790	177,050	20	10	15
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	25	5	20	210,405	90,825	119,580	10	5	5
85 years and over	10	0	5	20	10	10	214,415	75,305	139,115	10	5	10
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	15	10	10	131,755	50,610	81,150	10	5	5
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	10	5	5	65,020	20,490	44,535	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.6	19.4	20.3	17.1	17.5	18.2	16.4	17.0	15.8	17.8	16.7	16.7
15 to 64 years	65.9	67.7	64.1	64.2	66.7	62.1	63.0	63.9	62.1	64.5	64.8	63.0
65 years and over	13.5	12.9	14.1	18.7	17.5	21.2	20.6	19.1	22.1	18.7	16.7	20.4
85 years and over	1.6	0.0	1.6	3.3	3.5	3.0	2.5	1.8	3.2	1.9	1.9	3.7
Average age of the population	39.0	39.2	38.8	42.6	42.8	42.4	42.8	41.8	43.7	40.4	40.2	40.6
Median age of the population	39.2	40.0	38.8	42.4	44.4	41.2	43.2	42.0	44.0	39.6	39.6	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	260	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Single-detached house	30	...	...	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	30	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	15	...	...	199,080	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	90	...	...	0	...	...	98,625	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	...	...	0	...	...	271,245	...	...	30	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	115	...	...	255	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	150	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	255	...	...	275	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
1 person	80	...	...	95	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	85	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	90	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	35	...	...	480,135	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	30	...	...	427,605	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	20	...	...	228,060	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	630	305	320	615	290	330	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	520	260	265
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	500	250	255	510	240	270	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	445	220	225
Married or living common-law	280	140	135	260	130	130	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	195	100	95
Married	165	85	80	215	105	105	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	175	90	85
Living common-law	110	55	55	45	25	20	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	25	10	10
Living common law - Never married	100	50	55	35	15	15	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	20	10	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	0	10	5	0	261,885	135,520	126,370	5	0	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	220	110	115	250	110	145	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	250	120	125
Not married and not living common law - Never married	160	90	70	145	65	75	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	175	100	70
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	5	10	5	10	106,275	48,095	58,175	10	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	25	55	25	35	494,210	197,455	296,755	45	10	30
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	5	15	35	10	25	380,100	89,515	290,580	20	5	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	180	...	...	170	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	125	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	90	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	55	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	30	...	...	454,980	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	30	...	...	412,850	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	20	...	...	187,600	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	175	...	...	170	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	125	...	...
Total couple families	135	...	...	130	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	90	...	...
Married couples	80	...	...	105	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	75	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...	55	...	...	502,020	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	50	...	...	609,605	...	...	30	...	...
Common-law couples	55	...	...	20	...	...	828,005	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	10	...	...	401,885	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	15	...	...	426,120	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	40	...	...	40	...	...	383,775	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	35	...	...	40	...	...	284,025	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	99,755	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	630	310	320	615	290	330	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	520	260	265
Total - Persons in census families	525	250	275	495	230	265	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	380	185	200
Married spouses or common-law partners	275	140	135	250	130	125	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	185	95	95
Parents in one-parent families	40	10	30	45	5	40	383,780	99,755	284,020	35	5	30
Children⁶	210	105	100	200	100	100	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	165	85	80
In a two-parent family	145	70	75	140	65	80	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	105	55	55
In a one-parent family	65	40	30	60	30	25	585,820	317,400	268,415	60	35	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	105	55	50	120	55	65	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	140	75	60
Living alone	80	45	40	95	45	50	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	80	40	40
Living with other relatives⁷	15	10	5	15	5	10	165,070	74,060	91,005	30	15	15
Living with non-relatives only	15	5	5	10	5	5	268,810	158,325	110,485	25	20	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	260	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	160	...	...	160	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	90	...	...
Couple-family households	125	...	...	120	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	70	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	65	...	...	851,835	...	...	45	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	55	...	...	982,260	...	...	25	...	...
One-parent-family households	35	...	...	40	...	...	331,395	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	5	...	...	50,790	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	5	...	...	66,750	...	...	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	5	...	...	139,280	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	80	...	...	95	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	80	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	500	250	250	505	240	270	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	425	210	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	480	240	240	490	230	255	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	405	205	200
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,000	34,000	36,400	39,200	34,000	40,800	44,800	37,200	30,800	32,000	29,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	480	240	240	490	230	255	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	405	205	200
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	33,600	30,800	32,800	36,000	31,600	36,400	39,200	33,600	28,000	28,800	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	405	210	205	425	205	220	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	325	170	155
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	33,600	24,800	24,800	28,600	22,200	33,600	39,600	28,000	19,400	24,200	15,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	345	180	165	340	170	170	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	255	140	120
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,000	31,000	30,000	37,600	25,200	36,000	40,400	31,600	24,000	27,800	17,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	420	210	215	440	195	240	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	385	190	195
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,200	10,600	13,700	13,000	11,000	13,500	11,500	10,200	12,300	13,600	12,600	14,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70	35	30	75	40	40	837,635	441,080	396,550	65	40	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	6,000	5,600	5,520	5,720	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,000	3,040	8,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	175	95	80	170	90	80	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	170	90	75
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	8,500	8,000	7,750	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	10,500	10,500	10,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	470	215	255	540	230	310	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	480	260	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	215	230	505	215	290	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	465	255	210
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	39,600	36,800	42,400	45,200	40,400	51,160	57,550	44,960	30,500	32,000	28,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	215	230	505	215	290	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	465	255	210
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,800	34,000	33,600	36,600	38,400	35,200	41,840	45,760	38,000	27,800	29,200	26,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	185	210	445	195	240	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	335	195	140
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	34,400	22,800	34,200	36,400	32,400	45,480	52,900	38,000	23,600	24,200	22,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	155	150	330	145	185	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	290	180	115
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	35,500	28,000	37,400	40,000	35,200	46,240	51,950	40,040	24,600	25,000	24,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	185	210	460	190	270	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	455	250	205
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,800	11,500	17,800	13,700	13,500	13,900	12,410	11,500	13,220	13,550	13,500	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55	30	25	65	25	40	837,180	441,665	395,515	95	70	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	6,400	9,000	5,800	4,400	6,600	7,040	6,380	7,780	5,700	3,700	11,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	190	90	100	150	75	75	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	185	125	55
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,900	9,000	7,900	8,800	7,200	8,130	7,910	8,390	10,800	11,800	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	470	215	255	540	230	310	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	480	260	215
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	130	60	70	120	50	65	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	95	50	45
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	38,000	41,200	38,000	50,800	50,800	46,000	58,400	62,800	53,600	40,400	40,800	40,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	45,000	46,000	46,000	65,000	72,000	60,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	45,000	46,000	42,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	75	60	145	75	70	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	130	85	35
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,600	25,600	15,600	18,000	18,000	19,000	18,600	21,400	16,600	13,900	14,700	9,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	29,000	14,800	24,800	22,000	27,000	28,160	32,120	24,360	18,800	19,600	17,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	65.0	74.0	56.0	70.5	74.0	68.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	56.4	59.0	52.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.0	66.0	48.0	58.0	62.0	55.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	51.0	54.0	46.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	34.8	25.6	44.0	29.4	26.0	32.0	20.1	15.8	25.6	43.6	41.0	47.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	1.8	1.2	2.4	1.7	1.5	2.0	3.8	3.2	4.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	10.9	9.2	12.6	6.7	7.2	6.3	5.4	4.8	6.1	15.4	19.6	9.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.6	8.4	10.8	5.6	6.4	4.8	4.6	4.3	5.1	14.0	18.0	8.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	500	245	255	510	240	270	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	430	215	210
Without total income	15	5	15	20	10	15	179,955	87,650	92,310	25	10	15
With total income	485	245	240	485	235	255	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	400	200	195
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	15	20	40	15	25	462,400	204,245	258,155	40	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	65	20	40	50	20	30	809,375	334,315	475,065	60	35	30
$20,000 to $29,999	90	45	40	95	40	55	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	90	45	45
$30,000 to $39,999	70	40	35	80	40	45	896,520	414,070	482,445	85	50	40
$40,000 to $49,999	70	35	35	70	35	40	849,005	411,680	437,325	60	30	25
$50,000 to $59,999	50	25	30	50	25	20	687,020	345,720	341,305	20	15	5
$60,000 to $69,999	50	30	20	30	10	20	503,110	271,695	231,415	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	15	10	5	367,455	208,475	158,980	15	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	15	10	5	284,690	158,760	125,930	5	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	10	10	5	198,140	112,355	85,780	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	25	15	10	556,780	365,700	191,080	0	0	0
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	0	15	10	10	385,890	245,635	140,260	0	0	0
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	5	5	0	170,890	120,065	50,820	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	500	245	255	510	240	270	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	430	215	210
Without after-tax income	15	5	15	20	10	15	177,960	86,610	91,355	25	10	15
With after-tax income	485	245	240	485	235	255	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	400	200	195
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	15	20	40	15	25	495,035	214,000	281,030	40	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	65	20	45	50	20	30	853,250	356,480	496,765	60	35	30
$20,000 to $29,999	110	65	50	125	50	70	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	115	60	60
$30,000 to $39,999	90	45	40	90	45	45	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	100	55	40
$40,000 to $49,999	70	35	35	80	40	35	994,235	505,970	488,265	40	20	15
$50,000 to $59,999	55	30	25	40	20	20	691,015	372,870	318,145	30	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	25	15	15	459,665	251,490	208,170	15	5	10
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	20	10	5	292,135	160,985	131,150	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	5	0	5	174,905	104,610	70,295	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	5	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	5	5	0	229,765	156,750	73,020	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	119,125	78,615	40,515	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	10	10	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	500	245	255	510	240	270	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	430	215	210
Without employment income	155	65	90	170	70	100	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	165	75	95
With employment income	345	185	160	340	170	165	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	260	135	120
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	25	25	40	20	20	644,075	331,770	312,300	35	15	20
$5,000 to $9,999	30	10	15	40	15	25	401,185	180,585	220,595	40	15	20
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	50	25	20	603,350	273,725	329,620	45	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	50	30	20	40	15	25	495,105	228,670	266,435	35	20	15
$30,000 to $39,999	45	15	30	40	20	20	488,000	239,620	248,380	40	30	10
$40,000 to $49,999	40	25	15	45	25	15	485,845	242,230	243,610	25	10	15
$50,000 to $59,999	35	15	15	25	10	10	403,980	217,425	186,560	10	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	15	10	5	320,700	184,770	135,935	15	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	15	10	5	250,635	147,020	103,615	10	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	10	5	5	218,100	120,085	98,020	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	15	5	5	141,540	86,090	55,450	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	15	10	5	422,055	285,910	136,145	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	5	0	5	205,085	133,500	71,585	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	5	5	0	216,965	152,410	64,555	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	500	250	250	505	240	270	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	425	210	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	480	240	240	475	225	250	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	390	200	195
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,000	28,600	33,600	37,200	30,200	38,400	43,200	34,000	24,600	25,600	24,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	480	240	240	475	225	250	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	390	200	195
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	32,000	26,200	31,000	32,800	28,800	34,000	37,600	30,600	23,800	24,600	22,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	410	210	200	415	200	215	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	315	165	155
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,000	35,200	25,800	28,400	32,000	24,800	34,800	40,400	29,200	20,800	24,800	18,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	355	185	170	335	165	170	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	255	140	120
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	36,000	28,800	32,400	37,600	28,800	36,400	41,200	31,800	25,200	26,200	23,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	190	200	395	170	225	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	350	175	175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,650	4,840	10,400	8,300	5,120	9,900	7,800	5,640	9,100	8,100	4,960	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	45	25	25	45	20	25	727,165	390,255	336,910	40	20	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,640	5,400	5,400	5,880	5,040	5,000	4,760	5,280	4,160	x	2,920
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	470	215	255	540	230	310	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	480	260	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	440	205	235	485	205	275	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	455	255	200
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,200	36,800	32,000	42,000	47,200	38,000	48,600	55,500	41,880	26,100	27,200	24,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	440	205	235	485	205	275	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	455	255	200
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	31,400	29,400	35,400	38,400	33,200	39,600	44,000	35,320	24,000	25,000	22,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	395	195	200	435	185	250	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	355	205	150
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,300	32,800	24,000	36,600	42,800	32,000	45,920	53,800	37,920	22,800	25,600	19,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	310	155	155	330	140	190	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	285	180	105
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	36,000	27,600	40,400	46,000	36,400	46,240	52,450	39,520	25,200	26,000	24,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360	150	210	425	170	255	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	445	245	200
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,040	8,400	13,000	10,680	11,300	10,300	9,450	8,430	10,320	8,800	7,350	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55	20	35	45	30	20	727,815	390,880	336,935	65	35	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,900	5,200	3,200	6,600	6,000	7,000	7,020	5,975	8,230	6,800	5,200	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	470	215	255	540	230	310	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	480	260	215
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	130	60	70	120	50	65	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	95	50	45
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	37,200	44,000	34,800	46,400	41,600	46,400	54,800	60,000	49,200	34,000	42,400	27,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	43,000	46,000	40,000	65,000	76,000	56,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	34,500	39,000	29,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120	70	60	130	65	65	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	115	75	35
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	16,800	17,000	23,200	19,200	23,600	23,600	27,200	21,000	23,800	24,800	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	33,000	19,500	31,200	30,000	32,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	26,400	27,000	26,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	73.5	82.0	64.0	78.0	80.0	76.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	67.5	74.0	58.0
Employment income (%)	65.0	72.0	56.0	64.5	64.0	64.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	60.0	67.0	52.0
Government transfers (%)	26.6	17.0	36.0	22.2	19.6	24.4	14.9	10.8	20.2	32.4	25.6	42.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.8	1.2	1.6	1.3	2.0	3.6	2.8	4.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	255	...	...	275	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	60,800	...	...	72,500	...	...	52,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	54,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	49,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	80	...	...	95	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	80	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,400	...	...	37,600	...	...	38,800	...	...	26,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,200	...	...	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...	26,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	180	...	...	175	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	76,500	...	...	97,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	265	...	...	280	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	76,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	65,500	...	...	75,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	85	...	...	100	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...	39,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	27,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,400	...	...	34,500	...	...	39,640	...	...	25,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	180	...	...	180	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	255	...	...	275	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	52,080	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	82,470	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	218,185	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	144,420	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	143,285	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	172,005	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	174,790	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	166,990	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	310,880	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	280,505	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	255,770	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	235,235	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	208,320	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	65	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	25	...	...	414,805	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	282,590	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	307,835	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	10	...	...	239,060	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	255	...	...	275	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	53,600	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	87,695	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	234,875	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	177,135	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	180,150	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	213,760	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	210,280	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	193,530	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	356,325	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	322,530	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	289,580	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	254,885	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	216,370	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	45	...	...	892,775	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	387,835	...	...	5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	225,830	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	15	...	...	279,105	...	...	5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	175	...	...	175	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	69,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	60	...	...	991,710	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	61,200	...	...	84,000	...	...	54,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	58,400	...	...	72,500	...	...	52,800	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	70	...	...	907,765	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	109,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	45	...	...	368,845	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	62,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	56,000	...	...	61,600	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	90	50	40	110	55	55	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	110	60	45
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,200	26,400	31,400	36,800	38,800	35,600	36,800	39,200	34,800	26,400	25,800	27,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,600	25,600	29,600	33,600	35,600	32,000	33,200	34,800	31,600	26,200	25,400	26,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	185	...	...	180	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	97,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	65	...	...	992,110	...	...	20	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	52,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	60	...	...	909,160	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	148,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	50	...	...	367,155	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	90	45	45	105	40	65	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	90	55	30
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	32,000	30,000	37,000	40,000	36,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	25,200	23,000	28,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,000	29,000	28,000	33,000	36,000	31,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	23,600	22,000	26,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	625	310	320	620	285	330	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	525	260	260
0 to 17 years	150	70	80	125	55	70	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	110	50	60
0 to 5 years	55	30	25	35	20	15	515,725	264,785	250,935	45	20	25
18 to 64 years	390	200	195	375	180	195	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	320	165	160
65 years and over	90	40	45	115	50	65	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	90	45	45
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	95	50	45	95	35	60	992,235	463,295	528,940	100	55	50
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	25	10	15	159,530	82,000	77,530	20	10	15
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	10	5	5	53,105	27,240	25,870	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	50	30	20	45	15	25	515,470	256,435	259,035	60	35	25
65 years and over	20	5	10	20	10	15	317,235	124,865	192,370	25	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4	15.6	13.6	15.4	13.0	17.5	11.9	11.2	12.7	19.6	21.0	18.5
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	14.0	14.0	20.0	18.0	20.0	9.7	9.7	9.7	18.0	16.0	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	x	x	20.0	25.0	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	12.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	15.0	11.0	12.0	10.0	14.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	18.5	20.0	16.0
65 years and over (%)	20.0	16.0	24.0	20.0	20.0	24.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	26.0	24.0	28.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	630	310	320	615	290	330	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	520	260	265
0 to 17 years	150	70	80	130	60	65	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	105	50	60
0 to 5 years	55	30	25	40	20	20	511,400	262,535	248,860	45	20	20
18 to 64 years	395	200	190	375	180	195	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	320	160	160
65 years and over	85	35	45	115	50	65	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	90	45	45
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	55	30	25	30	10	20	439,850	223,055	216,795	65	35	30
0 to 17 years	15	10	5	5	0	0	61,665	31,610	30,060	15	10	5
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	35	20	15	20	10	15	313,970	167,015	146,955	45	25	15
65 years and over	5	0	10	10	0	5	64,210	24,430	39,780	10	0	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.8	10.0	7.6	5.2	4.0	6.0	5.3	5.4	5.2	12.4	14.0	11.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	12.0	x	3.0	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	12.0	16.0	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	11.0	7.0	5.2	5.0	6.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	13.2	16.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	10.0	x	16.0	6.0	x	10.0	4.0	3.3	4.7	8.0	x	16.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	630	310	320	615	285	330	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	525	260	260
In bottom half of the distribution	425	205	220	430	195	230	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	420	210	215
In bottom decile	80	40	40	80	25	45	851,840	407,705	444,140	85	45	35
In second decile	85	45	40	95	40	50	920,490	434,730	485,760	110	50	60
In third decile	90	50	45	90	45	50	969,255	471,650	497,600	90	40	50
In fourth decile	95	40	55	100	45	50	978,345	482,760	495,590	90	45	45
In fifth decile	70	30	45	70	35	35	947,090	473,285	473,810	40	25	20
In top half of the distribution	205	105	100	190	95	95	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	100	50	50
In sixth decile	75	40	35	40	20	20	899,660	454,970	444,690	25	10	15
In seventh decile	65	30	35	50	25	25	837,225	425,400	411,830	35	20	15
In eighth decile	45	25	20	55	20	25	752,410	383,450	368,955	15	5	10
In ninth decile	10	5	10	15	10	5	634,425	325,700	308,730	20	10	10
In top decile	0	0	0	30	20	15	517,725	267,160	250,565	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	630	...	...	615	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	520	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.255	...	...	0.308	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.253	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424	...	...	0.476	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.446	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.224	...	...	0.261	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.232	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	3.3	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	630	310	320	615	290	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	520	260	265
English only	10	0	5	25	10	15	445,575	228,840	216,735	15	10	5
French only	370	175	195	250	100	150	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	300	135	170
English and French	245	125	115	320	170	150	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	195	105	90
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	20	5	15	82,075	35,200	46,875	15	10	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	630	310	320	615	290	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	520	260	265
English	35	5	25	155	75	70	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	30	15	10
French	560	285	275	365	155	205	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	440	210	225
English and French	25	15	10	80	45	35	329,515	169,050	160,465	45	25	20
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	20	5	15	79,000	33,590	45,410	15	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	630	310	320	615	290	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	520	260	265
Single responses	605	300	305	565	260	310	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	495	240	250
Official languages	495	250	245	230	110	120	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	270	130	140
English	25	10	20	60	30	25	639,365	323,170	316,195	15	10	10
French	470	245	230	170	75	95	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	250	120	135
Non-official languages	110	50	60	340	150	190	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	225	115	110
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	110	50	60	340	150	190	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	225	115	110
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	90	45	50	233,220	122,895	110,320	65	40	30
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	25,990	13,860	12,130	15	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	5	5	23,735	12,570	11,165	15	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	80	40	45	204,600	107,735	96,865	50	30	20
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0	80	40	45	198,785	104,765	94,020	50	30	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	5	5	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	5	5	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	15	25	55	15	35	62,640	28,375	34,265	75	35	40
Haitian Creole	25	10	10	40	10	25	46,475	20,690	25,785	60	30	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	10	15	10	10	11,980	5,620	6,360	15	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	15	15	175	85	90	595,790	290,670	305,115	65	25	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,295	30,855	37,435	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,565	30,570	36,995	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	101,450	52,780	48,665	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5	5	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	15	165	80	85	346,000	167,870	178,130	65	25	35
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	130	60	65	90,940	44,080	46,865	10	5	5
Portuguese	5	5	5	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	15	30	15	10	177,155	86,490	90,660	50	20	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	10	5	0	5	87,540	40,170	47,375	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	5	10	5	0	5	87,155	39,990	47,160	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	10	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	10	50	30	20	308,550	155,455	153,095	30	15	10
English and French	0	0	0	5	5	5	126,405	64,585	61,820	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	30	15	10	94,205	46,880	47,320	20	15	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	5	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	630	310	320	615	290	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	520	260	265
English	15	0	10	105	55	55	623,305	313,780	309,520	15	10	5
French	450	240	215	175	75	95	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	265	130	125
Non-official language	20	10	10	95	45	50	366,730	177,410	189,315	70	35	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	95	45	50	343,650	165,830	177,825	70	35	35
English and French	35	10	20	30	15	20	497,380	256,735	240,645	15	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25	10	15	205,755	102,290	103,470	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	120	50	70	375,795	179,585	196,210	120	55	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	5	20	75	40	35	284,940	141,275	143,665	35	15	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	630	310	320	615	290	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	520	260	265
Single responses	600	300	305	535	245	290	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	485	240	240
Official languages	540	265	275	360	170	195	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	340	170	170
English	30	10	20	140	65	70	874,185	438,570	435,615	20	10	10
French	515	260	255	225	100	120	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	320	160	160
Non-official languages	60	30	30	175	80	95	662,615	322,860	339,750	140	70	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	30	30	175	80	95	628,365	305,820	322,555	140	70	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	60	30	30	116,685	59,645	57,040	50	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	10,635	5,585	5,045	15	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	5	5	9,765	5,115	4,655	15	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	50	25	25	104,890	53,505	51,380	35	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	0	50	25	25	102,120	52,125	49,990	35	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	5	5	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	5	5	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10	20	0	20	26,985	11,815	15,170	30	15	20
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	15	0	10	19,535	8,310	11,230	25	10	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	5	0	5	5,390	2,520	2,865	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	85	40	40	336,635	164,100	172,535	50	25	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	80	40	35	182,585	88,060	94,525	50	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	60	25	30	26,290	11,205	15,085	5	5	0
Portuguese	5	5	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	10	20	15	10	112,915	55,870	57,050	45	20	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	20	80	35	40	357,245	176,070	181,175	40	15	20
English and French	5	0	0	15	10	10	137,120	69,025	68,095	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	55	20	30	116,595	56,445	60,150	25	10	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	10	5	5	39,875	19,575	20,300	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	630	305	320	615	290	330	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	520	260	265
None	505	255	250	430	195	230	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	380	190	185
English	20	5	15	30	20	15	353,690	183,470	170,225	15	5	5
French	45	25	25	50	20	25	259,425	127,380	132,040	60	30	30
Non-official language	40	15	30	55	25	30	269,715	129,830	139,890	45	20	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	15	30	55	25	30	264,405	127,330	137,070	45	20	30
English and French	5	0	0	25	10	15	61,955	31,425	30,525	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	10	0	5	76,755	38,765	37,990	15	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	10	5	55,860	26,915	28,945	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	635	285	350	650	280	370	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	595	315	285
Official languages	625	275	345	630	275	355	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	575	295	285
English	255	130	125	350	145	205	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	200	125	75
French	605	275	325	605	255	350	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	565	290	275
Non-official languages	150	70	80	495	210	280	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	410	220	195
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	70	80	495	210	280	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	410	220	195
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	120	45	65	385,210	201,105	184,100	85	45	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	39,965	21,145	18,820	20	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	10	15	35,660	18,725	16,930	20	10	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	100	40	55	363,875	190,005	173,870	85	45	40
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	100	40	55	343,675	179,750	163,930	85	45	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20	10	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	10	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	105	45	60	115	50	65	135,275	62,040	73,235	165	95	65
Haitian Creole	100	45	55	115	50	65	118,010	53,530	64,480	165	95	65
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	10	30	45	20	25	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	25	15	235	105	135	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	115	55	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	15	235	105	135	684,830	324,095	360,735	115	50	65
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	170	55	110	168,040	82,400	85,645	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	25	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	35	15	10	70	45	20	453,905	210,400	243,505	80	35	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	75,835	37,990	37,845	40	25	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	25	15	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	635	285	350	650	280	370	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	600	315	285
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	635	285	350	635	275	360	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	595	315	280
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	635	285	350	650	280	370	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	600	315	285
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	635	285	350	650	280	370	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	600	315	285
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	265	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Owner	120	...	...	105	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	45	...	...
Renter	150	...	...	180	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	160	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	265	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	20	...	...	515,590	...	...	30	...	...
Not condominium	260	...	...	260	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	265	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	25	...	...	25	...	...	623,295	...	...	45	...	...
2 bedrooms	85	...	...	135	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	100	...	...
3 bedrooms	115	...	...	115	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	40	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	35	...	...	0	...	...	730,330	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	265	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	100	...	...	145	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	125	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	55	...	...	645,635	...	...	60	...	...
6 rooms	75	...	...	10	...	...	435,225	...	...	0	...	...
7 rooms	30	...	...	30	...	...	403,225	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	20	...	...	40	...	...	886,180	...	...	20	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...	5.8	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	265	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
One person or fewer per room	260	...	...	265	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	195	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	15	...	...	48,315	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	265	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Suitable	250	...	...	250	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	165	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	30	...	...	142,775	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	265	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
1960 or before	50	...	...	50	...	...	879,375	...	...	85	...	...
1961 to 1980	175	...	...	165	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	80	...	...
1981 to 1990	25	...	...	30	...	...	509,120	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	35	...	...	385,315	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	265	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	240	...	...	270	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	190	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	15	...	...	236,110	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	265	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
One-maintainer household	180	...	...	175	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	135	...	...
Two-maintainer household	85	...	...	90	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	60	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	15	...	...	89,875	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	265	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	0	...	...	117,525	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	40	...	...	20	...	...	525,540	...	...	30	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	55	...	...	647,165	...	...	55	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	45	...	...	628,630	...	...	55	...	...
55 to 64 years	60	...	...	40	...	...	760,395	...	...	25	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	55	...	...	629,965	...	...	25	...	...
75 to 84 years	25	...	...	35	...	...	336,170	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	25	...	...	103,640	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	260	...	...	275	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	210	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	215	...	...	210	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	155	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	40	...	...	70	...	...	595,690	...	...	55	...	...
30% to less than 100%	35	...	...	60	...	...	542,060	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	265	...	...	280	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	110	...	...	901,440	...	...	110	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	40	...	...	60	...	...	537,090	...	...	45	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	25	...	...	112,775	...	...	40	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	15	...	...	179,840	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	185	...	...	170	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	255	...	...	270	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	205	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	50	...	...	218,275	...	...	40	...	...
Not in core need	220	...	...	220	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	120	...	...	100	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	50	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.2	...	...	45.0	...	...	62.2	...	...	70.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	25.0	...	...	10.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	980	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,760	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	900,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	452,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	320,000	...	...	920,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	440,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	145	...	...	175	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	165	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.1	...	...	22.9	...	...	25.2	...	...	33.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.2	...	...	23.5	...	...	11.9	...	...	25.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	850	...	...	810	...	...	745	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	880	...	...	886	...	...	830	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	635	285	350	650	280	370	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	600	315	285
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	35	15	20	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	35	15	20	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	20	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	580	255	325	650	280	370	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	595	310	285
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	635	280	350	650	280	370	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	600	315	280
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	600	280	325	570	255	315	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	475	255	220
Canadian citizens aged under 18	190	80	110	145	75	65	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	105	55	55
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	415	200	210	425	175	250	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	365	205	160
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30	0	30	80	30	50	518,265	264,490	253,775	125	55	65
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	635	280	350	650	280	370	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	600	315	280
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	530	245	285	295	130	170	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	265	140	120
Immigrants⁸¹	80	35	50	345	150	190	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	290	160	130
Before 1980	20	20	0	105	55	45	187,200	91,895	95,300	45	30	20
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	35	10	30	124,610	61,850	62,755	30	25	10
1991 to 2000	25	10	20	55	20	35	190,495	91,635	98,860	35	15	15
2001 to 2010	10	0	0	80	40	40	312,210	150,825	161,390	50	20	25
2011 to 2021⁸²	20	0	20	65	25	45	396,090	192,745	203,340	125	65	60
2011 to 2015	20	0	15	55	20	40	193,345	93,485	99,855	65	30	35
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	15	0	10	202,740	99,260	103,480	60	40	25
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	15	0	10	205,770	113,500	92,275	45	15	30
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	80	30	50	345	150	195	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	290	155	135
Under 5 years	0	0	0	15	10	0	112,295	56,755	55,540	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	15	0	15	65	25	40	201,385	101,555	99,835	45	25	20
15 to 24 years	20	10	10	80	30	55	213,035	96,175	116,860	65	35	30
25 to 44 years	40	15	30	170	80	90	594,845	292,975	301,875	150	85	65
45 years and over	0	0	0	15	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	15	0	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	80	30	50	345	150	195	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	290	155	135
Americas	70	30	45	110	50	60	264,885	121,740	143,145	160	90	75
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	10	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	60	25	35	75	30	45	86,105	38,285	47,820	120	60	60
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	20	10	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	10	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	25	10	10
Europe	0	0	0	100	45	55	309,015	154,110	154,910	25	15	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	95	45	55	43,975	21,940	22,040	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	95	35	55	302,010	153,655	148,355	75	40	30
Algeria	0	0	0	40	15	20	72,835	37,535	35,295	40	20	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	20	10	10	68,865	34,810	34,060	10	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	35	10	20	118,820	60,455	58,360	20	15	0
Asia	0	0	0	40	15	20	332,925	158,445	174,475	30	10	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	15	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	15	0	10	202,740	99,265	103,480	65	35	25
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	35	25	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	30	20	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15	0	10	70,310	34,215	36,095	20	15	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	635	285	350	650	280	370	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	600	315	285
First generation¹⁰⁰	110	40	70	360	160	205	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	350	190	160
Second generation¹⁰¹	120	60	60	225	105	120	883,485	446,000	437,490	135	75	60
Third generation or more¹⁰²	400	180	220	65	15	45	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	115	45	60
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	60	15	45	235	95	145	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	240	130	110
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	15	10	10	115	45	70	559,935	290,040	269,895	85	50	35
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10	10	0	50	35	20	267,870	161,125	106,740	40	25	20
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	65	10	50	292,070	128,915	163,155	45	20	20
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	25	0	20	60	15	45	272,255	109,735	162,515	100	40	55
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	0	15	55	25	30	175,740	89,995	85,740	55	35	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	60	15	45	235	95	145	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	240	130	110
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	0	10	30	15	15	89,850	47,360	42,495	40	30	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	15	10	0	94,185	46,445	47,740	15	10	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	10	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	45	15	30	185	65	120	756,120	358,700	397,420	180	85	95
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	635	285	350	650	280	370	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	600	315	285
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	225	100	120	295	150	145	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	385	215	170
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	0	0	0
Black	175	85	90	180	80	105	422,405	206,335	216,070	245	150	100
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	55	35	30	280,075	146,990	133,085	35	15	15
Latin American	20	10	0	35	25	15	172,925	85,035	87,880	65	25	35
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	20	10	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	415	180	230	360	135	225	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	215	100	115
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	635	285	355	650	280	370	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	595	315	280
Canadian	135	55	85	40	20	15	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	65	30	35
English	15	0	15	20	10	10	177,710	88,910	88,800	0	0	0
Irish	20	10	10	0	0	0	404,190	193,440	210,745	0	0	0
Scottish	0	0	0	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	130	55	75	30	25	10	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	55	25	30
German	0	0	0	30	10	15	124,305	60,295	64,010	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	0	0	0
Italian	55	20	30	190	75	115	316,315	157,600	158,720	25	10	15
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	0	0	0
Québécois	110	60	50	10	0	10	931,940	465,630	466,305	25	20	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	35	10	30	0	0	0	588,805	290,630	298,180	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	40	20	20	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	10	20	40	10	30	73,930	36,725	37,205	40	15	25
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	40	20	20	104,735	55,130	49,610	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	140	70	70	90	45	45	156,065	73,495	82,570	165	110	60
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	15	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	10	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	35	0	25	65,860	33,955	31,905	35	25	15
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	15	10	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	20	10	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	30	10	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	15	0	15	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	635	285	350	650	280	370	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	600	315	285
Buddhist	0	0	0	20	15	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	485	210	275	355	135	215	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	410	205	200
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	110	55	55	20	15	10	464,020	229,155	234,860	95	55	45
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	45	15	30	33,755	15,875	17,885	15	0	15
Catholic	350	150	200	240	95	150	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	245	120	120
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,805	70,840	74,965	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	35	10	25	104,790	48,840	55,950	40	25	15
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	145	70	80	421,710	218,255	203,455	135	70	60
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	135	75	60	130	65	65	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	45	30	15
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	630	280	350	645	275	370	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	590	315	275
Non-movers	555	250	305	580	245	340	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	540	290	250
Movers	75	30	45	65	35	35	945,290	466,750	478,540	55	25	25
Non-migrants	75	30	45	55	35	25	543,670	268,740	274,925	45	25	25
Migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	595	265	330	625	255	365	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	545	285	260
Non-movers	345	165	175	385	145	240	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	330	180	150
Movers	255	100	155	240	110	125	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	220	105	115
Non-migrants	195	70	125	140	75	70	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	130	65	60
Migrants	55	30	30	100	40	55	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	90	40	50
Internal migrants	35	20	15	75	35	40	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	25	15	15
Intraprovincial migrants	35	20	15	60	30	35	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	20	10	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	10	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	0	0	0
External migrants	20	0	15	25	0	20	320,090	166,115	153,975	65	25	35
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	470	215	255	540	230	310	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	480	260	215
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	175	85	90	145	70	75	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	115	65	50
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	290	130	160	395	160	235	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	365	200	165
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	300	145	155	305	125	180	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	330	175	150
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	85	60	25	45	15	30	642,800	382,415	260,380	75	50	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	215	85	125	265	110	150	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	255	125	120
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	470	215	255	535	230	310	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	480	260	220
No certificate, diploma or degree	160	80	85	130	65	65	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	105	65	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	105	50	55	140	50	85	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	130	80	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	195	85	120	275	115	160	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	250	115	135
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	160	60	95	190	80	110	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	180	80	100
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	80	35	40	60	15	40	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	105	40	60
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	75	30	40	55	15	40	793,030	427,220	365,815	75	35	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	0	0	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	25	10	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	20	40	100	40	65	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	40	20	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	35	25	10	252,815	102,150	150,665	35	20	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	40	15	20	85	35	45	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	75	35	35
Bachelor's degree	30	15	15	45	10	40	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	35	0	30
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	0	10	149,425	66,595	82,825	20	15	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10	10	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	0	0	0	0	0	360,795	174,150	186,645	10	10	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	10	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	300	145	150	310	125	185	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	325	180	150
No certificate, diploma or degree	75	50	20	35	10	20	525,155	303,815	221,345	60	45	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	30	30	60	25	30	752,855	388,160	364,700	70	45	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	165	60	100	215	85	135	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	195	85	110
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130	50	85	140	50	85	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	125	50	80
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	35	45	45	10	35	836,455	498,385	338,075	85	25	60
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	65	25	45	45	10	35	609,895	319,470	290,425	55	20	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	30	10	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	15	30	65	25	40	838,140	372,455	465,685	30	15	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	20	15	10	174,695	72,115	102,580	15	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	30	15	15	80	35	45	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	65	30	35
Bachelor's degree	25	10	15	45	10	35	802,755	343,100	459,650	35	10	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	0	10	119,460	50,155	69,310	15	15	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10	10	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	0	0	0	302,065	140,530	161,530	15	10	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	10	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	470	215	255	540	230	310	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	480	265	220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	270	130	140	265	115	155	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	230	145	85
Education	10	0	0	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	15	0	15
13. Education	10	0	0	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	15	0	15	166,900	75,420	91,480	15	15	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	15	0	10	143,365	58,875	84,490	10	10	0
Humanities	30	10	25	0	0	0	228,770	90,810	137,960	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	0	10	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	0	20	20	0	15	430,845	142,280	288,570	45	20	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	134,510	67,065	67,440	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	35	10	25	75	35	45	950,820	357,290	593,535	40	20	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	10	25	75	35	45	894,690	344,770	549,925	35	15	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	10	0	0	158,655	83,605	75,050	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	10	0	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	10	0	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	40	0	35	35	0	866,885	778,835	88,060	40	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	20	20	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	15	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0
48. Precision production	25	25	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	20	70	20	50	515,215	101,455	413,760	50	0	40
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	0	20	55	10	50	470,150	78,875	391,275	50	0	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	0	20	20	0	20	291,295	157,925	133,365	30	20	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	15	20	0	20	154,335	42,710	111,625	15	10	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	0	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	295	145	155	310	125	185	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	325	175	150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	135	85	55	90	35	50	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	130	90	40
Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	10	0	0
13. Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	10	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	15	0	10	129,065	58,170	70,895	15	15	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	15	0	10	110,860	45,555	65,305	10	10	0
Humanities	20	0	15	0	0	0	144,140	56,410	87,730	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	0	10	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	0	20	20	0	15	334,475	103,635	230,840	30	15	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	30	0	25	60	25	35	741,390	268,705	472,685	30	10	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	0	25	60	25	35	697,775	259,725	438,045	25	0	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	10	0	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	10	0	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	10	0	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	40	0	20	20	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	30	15	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	20	20	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	15	0	15	65	20	40	387,725	74,730	312,995	45	0	40
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	50	10	40	352,905	58,735	294,170	45	0	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	0	15	15	0	15	229,120	122,320	106,800	25	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	15	0	15	120,395	31,320	89,075	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	295	145	155	310	125	185	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	325	175	150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	135	85	55	90	35	50	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	130	90	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	160	65	100	220	90	130	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	195	80	110
Location of study inside Canada	130	50	75	175	65	115	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	130	50	85
Same as province or territory of residence	130	50	75	175	65	105	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	130	50	80
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	35	15	20	40	20	15	414,490	209,160	205,330	65	35	30
Americas	20	10	15	10	10	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	10	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	10	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,260	74,045	64,210	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	25	10	15	95,260	49,800	45,460	50	25	25
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	25	10	15
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	15	0	10
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	470	215	255	535	230	310	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	480	260	220
In the labour force	295	135	160	270	125	145	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	280	160	115
Employed	265	130	130	245	120	130	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	270	150	115
Unemployed	25	0	20	20	0	15	335,015	176,245	158,775	10	10	0
Not in the labour force	175	80	95	275	105	170	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	200	100	100
Participation rate	62.8	62.8	62.7	50.5	54.3	46.8	64.1	67.4	60.9	58.3	61.5	52.3
Employment rate	56.4	60.5	51.0	45.8	52.2	41.9	59.3	62.3	56.3	56.3	57.7	52.3
Unemployment rate	8.5	0.0	12.5	7.4	0.0	10.3	7.6	7.7	7.4	3.6	6.3	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	470	215	255	540	230	310	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	480	265	220
Did not work¹⁸⁶	200	85	120	270	100	170	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	230	105	120
Worked	265	135	130	265	125	140	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	250	150	95
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	130	60	70	120	55	70	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	105	55	50
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	135	70	65	150	75	70	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	145	100	45
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.6	37.6	41.6	37.6	38.4	37.2	41.3	41.7	40.8	35.2	36.0	34.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	295	135	155	270	125	145	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	280	165	120
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	285	135	150	260	125	135	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	275	155	120
Employee	250	125	130	235	105	125	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	245	135	115
Permanent position	195	115	85	195	90	100	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	190	105	90
Temporary position	55	10	45	40	20	25	623,510	296,655	326,850	55	30	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	0	15	10	0	0	217,905	94,210	123,700	25	10	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	40	10	30	30	15	20	405,605	202,450	203,155	30	20	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	10	20	25	20	10	530,720	324,555	206,165	30	25	0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	295	135	155	270	125	145	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	280	165	120
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	285	135	150	260	125	135	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	275	155	120
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	10	25	65	15	50	778,905	256,150	522,760	35	20	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10	10	0	30	20	0	360,495	272,510	87,985	20	15	10
3 Health occupations	15	0	15	45	10	30	359,665	70,075	289,590	50	15	40
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	0	45	35	10	20	558,725	166,020	392,700	25	0	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	0	0	0	146,560	72,400	74,165	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	100	50	55	35	15	20	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	80	50	30
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	40	40	0	40	40	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	30	25	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	25	15	0	20	15	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	30	30	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	295	135	155	270	125	145	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	280	165	120
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	285	135	150	260	125	135	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	275	155	120
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	20	20	0	0	0	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	20	10	10
31-33 Manufacturing	25	25	0	20	15	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	15	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	15	10	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	20	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	20	20	0	45	20	25	514,090	248,905	265,185	40	35	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	15	10	20	20	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	15	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	15	0	10	94,130	57,495	36,630	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	25	0	25	169,985	74,020	95,960	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	0	0	20	10	0	345,345	193,365	151,985	20	15	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25	15	10	15	15	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	20	20	0
61 Educational services	45	10	35	10	0	0	340,885	104,300	236,590	10	0	10
62 Health care and social assistance	60	0	60	55	10	40	617,200	122,675	494,525	75	25	55
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	10	0	10	232,480	109,950	122,530	10	0	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	10	10	0	0	190,470	89,730	100,735	10	10	0
91 Public administration	15	10	0	0	0	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	300	150	150	290	145	150	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	300	170	125
English	0	0	0	10	0	10	350,525	195,385	155,145	10	10	0
French	235	105	125	125	65	60	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	195	105	95
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	60	40	20	145	80	70	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	75	55	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	0	15	52,970	26,700	26,265	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	300	150	150	290	145	150	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	300	170	125
Single responses	290	145	145	245	120	125	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	270	155	120
Official languages	290	145	145	245	120	125	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	270	155	120
English	10	0	0	60	20	40	668,485	365,785	302,695	25	15	10
French	280	135	145	185	105	80	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	250	140	110
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	0	45	20	25	269,365	142,370	126,995	25	20	0
English and French	15	10	0	40	20	20	249,945	132,640	117,300	20	15	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	300	150	150	290	145	150	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	300	170	125
None	250	115	135	170	85	85	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	225	120	100
English	45	25	15	65	35	25	720,960	391,075	329,885	55	35	15
French	0	0	0	45	20	30	302,145	161,340	140,805	10	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	10	0	10	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	265	130	135	245	125	130	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	270	150	115
Worked at home	40	30	10	70	30	45	897,770	435,285	462,480	55	25	25
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	30	20	10	30	20	10	442,035	333,730	108,305	50	35	15
Usual place of work	195	85	110	145	75	70	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	170	85	80
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	190	85	110	145	75	70	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	165	85	75
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	170	65	105	125	65	60	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	145	70	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	10	0	0	419,210	203,335	215,875	10	10	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	15	0	10	0	0	823,150	442,385	380,765	10	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	225	100	125	175	95	85	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	215	125	95
Car, truck or van	165	80	85	150	80	65	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	160	110	50
Car, truck or van - as a driver	155	70	80	140	80	60	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	145	100	50
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	0	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	15	10	0
Public transit	35	10	30	25	15	10	287,345	120,460	166,885	40	10	25
Walked	15	10	10	0	0	0	178,645	78,570	100,075	15	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	225	100	125	175	95	85	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	215	125	95
Less than 15 minutes	60	30	30	40	10	20	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	40	20	20
15 to 29 minutes	70	25	45	45	35	15	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	80	45	40
30 to 44 minutes	50	35	20	60	35	30	635,870	363,430	272,445	50	35	20
45 to 59 minutes	30	0	25	15	0	15	235,140	133,720	101,425	20	15	10
60 minutes and over	15	10	0	15	10	10	206,480	126,635	79,840	20	15	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	225	100	125	175	95	85	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	215	125	95
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	10	0	10	241,420	189,270	52,155	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	45	30	15	30	25	10	569,745	368,480	201,265	30	0	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	70	30	35	60	25	30	935,640	441,465	494,170	75	30	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	15	0	15	25	15	10	626,895	259,220	367,675	25	20	0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35	0	35	0	0	0	330,930	142,495	188,435	15	0	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	25	15	40	15	25	489,685	284,160	205,530	65	55	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	155	70	85	130	55	70	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	115	50	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	5	15	30	15	15	303,835	156,030	147,805	15	5	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	130	65	70	100	40	55	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	95	45	50
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	105	40	60	95	40	55	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	75	30	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	0	15	20	10	10	230,080	118,075	112,005	15	5	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	0	10	20	10	10	175,305	90,000	85,305	10	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	5	5	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	40	50	75	30	40	992,895	508,315	484,580	60	25	30

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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