Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662900More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660616More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24660475More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	534	...	...	806	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	496	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	193	...	...	331	...	...	976,966	...	...	266	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	189	...	...	308	...	...	910,359	...	...	248	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,742.5	...	...	9,449.0	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	12,849.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.11	...	...	0.09	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	535	265	270	810	405	400	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	500	235	265
0 to 14 years	85	45	35	160	95	70	309,765	158,545	151,225	80	40	35
0 to 4 years	30	15	10	40	25	15	99,195	50,760	48,435	30	15	15
5 to 9 years	35	15	15	65	40	25	106,985	54,660	52,320	25	15	15
10 to 14 years	30	15	15	60	35	30	103,590	53,120	50,470	25	20	10
15 to 64 years	340	170	175	580	290	290	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	350	155	190
15 to 19 years	15	10	5	55	30	25	97,525	49,340	48,180	15	10	10
20 to 24 years	45	30	20	70	45	30	140,025	70,895	69,125	25	15	15
25 to 29 years	30	20	15	50	25	25	165,525	83,630	81,895	45	15	30
30 to 34 years	35	25	15	50	25	25	157,725	78,995	78,730	60	25	35
35 to 39 years	20	10	10	50	20	35	149,265	74,115	75,155	40	15	25
40 to 44 years	25	10	15	65	30	35	142,365	70,920	71,445	55	35	20
45 to 49 years	25	10	15	75	40	35	125,505	62,690	62,815	35	20	15
50 to 54 years	45	20	25	65	40	30	121,710	61,735	59,975	30	15	20
55 to 59 years	45	15	25	50	25	25	125,465	63,810	61,655	25	10	20
60 to 64 years	40	15	25	45	15	25	118,065	57,920	60,140	25	10	15
65 years and over	105	50	55	65	20	45	351,325	151,210	200,120	65	25	35
65 to 69 years	35	15	15	20	5	20	99,325	46,730	52,595	25	15	10
70 to 74 years	30	15	20	25	15	10	86,030	39,185	46,845	15	5	10
75 to 79 years	20	10	5	5	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	5	0	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	0	0
85 years and over	10	5	10	5	0	10	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	5	5	5	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	17.0	13.0	19.8	23.5	17.5	15.5	16.1	14.8	16.0	17.0	13.2
15 to 64 years	63.6	64.2	64.8	71.6	71.6	72.5	67.0	68.5	65.6	70.0	66.0	71.7
65 years and over	19.6	18.9	20.4	8.0	4.9	11.3	17.5	15.4	19.6	13.0	10.6	13.2
85 years and over	1.9	1.9	3.7	0.6	0.0	2.5	2.8	1.9	3.6	1.0	0.0	1.9
Average age of the population	42.9	40.4	45.4	36.2	33.4	38.9	41.0	39.8	42.1	39.0	38.2	39.8
Median age of the population	44.4	36.0	50.0	36.4	32.0	40.4	39.6	38.4	40.4	38.0	40.0	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	185	...	...	310	...	...	910,360	...	...	245	...	...
Single-detached house	105	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	70	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	80	...	...	240	...	...	479,885	...	...	165	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	65	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	190	...	...	305	...	...	910,355	...	...	250	...	...
1 person	25	...	...	90	...	...	367,400	...	...	100	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	65	...	...	271,730	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	70	...	...	118,205	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	40	...	...	98,205	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	40	...	...	54,820	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	535	265	265	805	405	400	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	495	235	260
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	450	220	230	645	305	335	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	415	190	230
Married or living common-law	230	115	110	285	140	150	822,440	414,330	408,115	225	110	115
Married	200	95	100	265	130	135	577,060	289,455	287,600	85	40	40
Living common-law	30	15	15	25	15	15	245,385	124,870	120,510	140	70	70
Living common law - Never married	25	15	15	20	10	10	207,040	104,785	102,250	130	60	65
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	5	5	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	10	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	220	105	115	355	170	190	872,060	410,935	461,125	190	75	115
Not married and not living common law - Never married	155	85	70	270	150	125	627,845	333,150	294,700	140	60	85
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	20	10	15	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	5	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	10	25	45	10	40	126,605	46,380	80,225	30	10	15
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	5	15	15	0	15	82,815	16,590	66,225	20	0	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	160	...	...	190	...	...	495,445	...	...	130	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	60	...	...	251,075	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	55	...	...	107,265	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	40	...	...	93,300	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	30	...	...	43,810	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.3	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	190	...	...	495,445	...	...	130	...	...
Total couple families	110	...	...	130	...	...	395,645	...	...	110	...	...
Married couples	90	...	...	120	...	...	273,070	...	...	40	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	100	...	...	162,745	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	20	...	...	110,325	...	...	15	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	10	...	...	122,570	...	...	70	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	5	...	...	44,875	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	5	...	...	77,700	...	...	45	...	...
Total one-parent families	50	...	...	55	...	...	99,805	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	35	...	...	50	...	...	80,530	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	535	270	265	805	405	400	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	495	235	265
Total - Persons in census families	460	235	225	625	315	310	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	355	180	175
Married spouses or common-law partners	220	110	110	270	135	135	791,280	398,495	392,785	220	110	115
Parents in one-parent families	50	15	40	55	5	50	99,805	19,275	80,525	20	5	10
Children⁶	190	115	75	300	175	125	541,905	284,935	256,965	115	60	55
In a two-parent family	125	75	45	210	120	90	392,250	205,155	187,095	90	50	35
In a one-parent family	65	40	30	90	55	35	149,655	79,785	69,865	25	15	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	70	30	45	185	85	95	526,370	262,915	263,450	140	50	90
Living alone	30	10	15	90	50	40	367,395	175,660	191,740	105	35	65
Living with other relatives⁷	25	5	15	20	10	10	49,280	22,020	27,255	5	0	5
Living with non-relatives only	20	15	10	70	35	40	109,690	65,235	44,455	30	10	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	190	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	140	...	...	170	...	...	455,970	...	...	125	...	...
Couple-family households	100	...	...	125	...	...	370,250	...	...	110	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	105	...	...	194,165	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	20	...	...	176,085	...	...	55	...	...
One-parent-family households	35	...	...	45	...	...	85,720	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	10	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	30	...	...	55,210	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	30	...	...	90	...	...	367,395	...	...	100	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	450	220	225	640	310	335	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	420	190	230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	440	215	225	595	285	310	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	410	185	225
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	32,800	37,600	29,200	28,400	29,600	37,600	39,600	36,000	44,400	46,400	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	440	215	225	595	285	310	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	410	185	225
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	29,800	36,000	27,200	25,800	27,600	34,000	35,200	32,800	39,200	40,000	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	380	195	185	480	235	245	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	390	175	210
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,600	26,200	29,800	19,600	22,800	16,800	31,000	35,200	27,000	38,400	41,200	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	305	160	145	440	215	220	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	340	165	180
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	27,400	38,400	20,000	23,800	17,600	32,800	36,000	29,600	40,400	41,200	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	380	190	195	560	260	300	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	335	140	190
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	11,600	14,800	11,700	9,200	13,900	10,800	9,600	12,000	8,900	7,750	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	20	25	110	50	60	171,705	84,570	87,145	40	15	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	x	6,000	5,480	5,360	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,680	6,750	x	5,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	155	90	70	285	145	145	529,640	276,110	253,530	135	65	70
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,500	8,500	9,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,750	8,000	7,250
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	415	215	200	700	350	355	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	505	245	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	205	195	670	340	335	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	495	240	260
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,800	40,800	46,800	32,000	30,800	33,200	53,250	60,050	46,760	51,000	52,400	49,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	205	195	670	340	335	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	495	240	260
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	34,400	40,000	29,050	27,500	30,600	42,520	46,280	38,960	42,200	43,600	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	180	155	510	255	255	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	485	235	250
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	35,200	44,000	25,500	28,200	22,800	48,960	57,350	40,640	42,800	44,000	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	275	150	125	460	225	235	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	440	215	225
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	38,000	50,000	25,500	30,000	21,200	48,760	55,650	41,480	40,600	38,800	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	340	165	170	625	300	325	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	435	215	220
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,850	11,300	14,400	13,650	10,800	16,200	12,040	10,900	13,040	10,640	10,300	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30	0	15	135	55	80	171,360	84,435	86,925	55	25	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200	...	10,000	4,900	5,000	4,800	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,800	9,000	4,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	135	85	55	300	140	160	528,305	276,300	252,005	195	110	90
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	8,800	7,600	9,200	9,000	9,400	9,110	9,140	9,070	10,500	10,600	10,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	415	215	205	705	350	355	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	500	245	265
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	125	65	65	170	90	80	514,340	278,505	235,830	190	90	100
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	48,800	53,200	35,600	41,600	29,000	60,000	63,600	56,000	66,000	66,000	67,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	60,000	68,000	40,400	50,000	30,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	65,500	67,000	64,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	70	60	195	100	95	504,455	247,565	256,895	210	105	110
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	26,000	28,000	12,300	9,900	15,000	16,400	17,400	15,500	17,600	19,200	11,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	29,000	33,000	18,200	17,600	18,800	26,920	29,400	24,520	24,800	24,000	25,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.0	77.0	72.0	60.4	69.0	52.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	82.0	82.0	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.0	68.0	68.0	54.4	65.0	45.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	71.0	68.0	74.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.2	22.8	27.2	39.6	31.2	47.6	18.9	14.4	24.4	18.2	17.2	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	x	1.6	3.0	2.6	3.4	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	2.0	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.4	9.6	5.4	14.4	13.0	15.6	6.4	5.9	7.0	8.7	9.4	8.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.4	8.8	4.4	12.8	12.0	13.8	5.7	5.4	6.0	8.0	9.2	7.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	450	220	230	645	305	335	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	415	190	230
Without total income	15	5	5	50	20	25	65,020	32,205	32,820	10	0	5
With total income	435	215	220	600	290	310	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	410	185	225
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	15	10	60	35	25	138,250	65,670	72,580	10	5	0
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	35	110	60	50	200,450	93,060	107,390	35	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	95	50	45	135	55	80	286,825	131,235	155,595	75	25	45
$30,000 to $39,999	65	40	25	120	50	75	215,455	102,705	112,755	50	25	25
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	25	80	45	40	181,505	86,460	95,040	55	20	30
$50,000 to $59,999	45	20	25	25	15	15	138,185	64,805	73,380	25	10	20
$60,000 to $69,999	35	10	25	20	15	10	100,060	48,510	51,550	35	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	10	10	5	5	74,165	37,625	36,540	35	15	20
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	10	5	0	58,400	30,060	28,335	30	20	15
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	10	0	0	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	20	10	10	10	5	0	149,555	92,680	56,875	35	20	20
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	5	5	0	0	90,980	53,275	37,705	30	10	15
$150,000 and over	5	0	0	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	10	5	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	450	220	230	645	305	335	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	415	190	230
Without after-tax income	15	5	5	50	20	25	64,605	32,005	32,605	10	0	5
With after-tax income	435	215	220	600	290	310	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	410	185	225
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	15	10	60	35	25	144,275	67,955	76,320	15	5	5
$10,000 to $19,999	70	30	40	120	70	50	210,975	98,495	112,480	35	10	20
$20,000 to $29,999	105	60	50	160	65	95	334,395	155,845	178,545	85	30	55
$30,000 to $39,999	70	35	30	140	65	75	257,145	124,835	132,315	85	40	40
$40,000 to $49,999	65	35	30	60	30	30	204,980	97,805	107,175	40	10	25
$50,000 to $59,999	40	10	30	25	15	15	139,760	67,315	72,450	60	30	30
$60,000 to $69,999	25	10	20	15	10	5	93,705	46,700	47,005	35	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	10	5	0	0	61,765	31,815	29,945	25	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	0	0	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	10	5	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	0	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	0	0	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	20	10	10
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	15	5	5
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	10	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	450	220	230	645	305	335	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	415	190	230
Without employment income	145	60	85	205	95	110	495,060	212,405	282,660	75	20	50
With employment income	305	160	145	435	215	225	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	345	160	180
Under $5,000 (including loss)	35	30	10	65	30	35	167,560	82,405	85,155	40	20	25
$5,000 to $9,999	25	10	15	70	25	40	111,575	52,975	58,595	25	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	45	25	25	85	35	45	151,350	72,815	78,530	45	20	25
$20,000 to $29,999	35	25	15	60	30	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	30	10	20
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	20	70	35	40	108,120	55,225	52,890	30	20	10
$40,000 to $49,999	40	25	15	40	25	15	104,250	51,950	52,300	25	10	15
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	20	15	5	5	84,485	42,940	41,540	20	10	15
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	15	5	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	35	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	10	10	10	0	52,585	28,500	24,080	25	5	20
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	5	5	0	46,000	24,150	21,850	30	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	0	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	15	10	0
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	5	0	0	115,575	74,545	41,030	25	15	10
$100,000 to $124,999	10	0	0	0	0	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	15	5	5
$125,000 and over	10	5	0	0	0	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	10	10	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	450	220	225	640	310	335	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	420	190	230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	425	205	220	585	280	305	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	405	175	230
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	30,200	32,400	24,800	22,800	25,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	43,200	46,800	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	430	205	225	585	280	305	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	405	175	230
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	27,400	29,400	23,600	22,200	24,200	31,000	32,800	29,400	38,000	40,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	370	185	185	485	235	250	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	385	175	210
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	28,000	29,600	23,800	27,800	21,800	32,000	36,000	28,200	39,600	42,400	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	295	155	145	440	220	215	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	340	155	185
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	28,800	38,400	24,800	28,400	23,200	33,600	36,800	30,400	41,600	44,400	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	355	175	185	515	240	275	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	305	130	180
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	4,320	10,700	3,560	2,120	7,150	4,440	2,760	7,300	2,540	2,000	3,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	20	20	45	20	20	114,940	56,080	58,855	40	15	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	x	7,600	2,960	2,900	3,060	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,080	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	415	215	200	700	350	355	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	505	245	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	395	200	195	650	320	335	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	480	225	260
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,000	37,600	40,400	29,100	28,400	29,700	50,000	57,050	43,280	49,000	54,400	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	395	200	200	650	320	335	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	480	225	260
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	31,800	34,000	26,350	25,600	27,100	39,800	43,800	35,920	40,800	44,400	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	170	145	500	235	260	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	470	225	250
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	35,600	40,000	27,900	30,400	25,600	49,080	57,750	40,560	45,400	50,800	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	265	145	120	445	220	225	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	435	200	230
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	36,500	44,000	29,000	31,800	26,200	48,720	55,750	41,240	44,400	48,800	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	165	160	580	280	295	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	370	160	205
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,760	7,350	12,200	8,600	6,600	10,500	8,250	6,740	9,510	5,900	4,720	6,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	0	20	40	20	20	114,595	55,675	58,915	30	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,000	...	9,000	3,700	4,800	2,400	7,510	5,990	8,940	4,800	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	415	215	205	705	350	355	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	500	245	265
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	60	65	170	90	80	507,645	274,575	233,070	185	85	100
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,000	39,600	44,000	32,800	36,400	29,000	54,400	58,400	50,400	58,000	56,000	60,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,000	54,000	50,000	39,600	46,000	32,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	63,200	66,000	61,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	110	65	45	175	85	85	462,020	227,495	234,530	205	95	110
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400	27,400	24,600	23,400	23,400	28,000	21,800	23,200	20,400	19,800	28,000	15,700
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,000	32,000	42,000	26,600	26,000	27,200	32,320	35,520	29,240	32,000	36,500	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.0	84.0	74.0	73.5	80.0	68.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	91.0	94.0	88.0
Employment income (%)	69.0	72.0	68.0	68.0	77.0	60.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	82.0	82.0	82.0
Government transfers (%)	20.8	16.4	25.2	26.2	20.4	31.6	12.8	8.6	18.2	9.2	6.3	12.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	x	2.0	0.8	1.2	0.5	1.1	0.8	1.6	0.6	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	190	...	...	305	...	...	910,355	...	...	250	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	56,400	...	...	66,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	53,200	...	...	58,000	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	30	...	...	90	...	...	367,395	...	...	100	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	25,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	24,800	...	...	34,000	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	160	...	...	215	...	...	542,960	...	...	145	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	62,400	...	...	80,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	190	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	64,400	...	...	92,700	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	58,200	...	...	74,100	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	100	...	...	367,255	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	34,500	...	...	49,760	...	...	40,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	29,600	...	...	40,640	...	...	35,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	155	...	...	235	...	...	543,100	...	...	190	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	76,500	...	...	121,800	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	190	...	...	305	...	...	910,355	...	...	245	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	25	...	...	57,720	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	41,160	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	40,595	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	41,545	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	42,630	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	40,980	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	75,485	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	67,695	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	60,495	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	40	...	...	270,265	...	...	90	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	85,635	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	56,205	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	62,095	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	5	...	...	66,335	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	190	...	...	305	...	...	910,355	...	...	245	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	27,485	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	30	...	...	63,030	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	49,660	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	48,815	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	51,055	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	45	...	...	85,490	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	75,625	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	65,530	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	54,850	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	25	...	...	197,490	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	78,870	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	45,905	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	5	...	...	72,715	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	160	...	...	195	...	...	501,830	...	...	130	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	94,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	62,400	...	...	82,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	25	...	...	179,195	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	88,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	54,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	105	...	...	208,260	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	102,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	55	...	...	95,875	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	51,200	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	48,800	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	45	20	25	165	80	85	477,085	240,895	236,195	135	50	85
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	37,200	33,600	24,600	24,600	24,600	34,400	34,800	34,000	35,200	41,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,400	31,000	23,800	23,400	24,400	31,200	31,200	31,200	33,200	38,000	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	150	...	...	215	...	...	501,905	...	...	165	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	77,500	...	...	125,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	71,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	0	...	...	179,455	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	...	...	...	116,700	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	x	...	...	91,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	140	...	...	208,375	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	144,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	60	...	...	95,455	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	45	20	25	155	80	80	476,520	240,280	236,245	130	55	70
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	60,000	50,000	64,000	31,200	32,000	30,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	35,500	32,000	38,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	45,000	52,000	27,600	29,000	26,400	37,600	37,920	37,280	31,200	29,000	33,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	535	265	270	805	405	400	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	495	235	265
0 to 17 years	100	55	40	195	115	80	365,020	186,710	178,315	85	45	40
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	55	35	20	120,615	61,615	58,995	35	20	15
18 to 64 years	330	160	165	545	270	275	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	345	160	190
65 years and over	110	50	55	65	20	45	317,425	140,270	177,155	65	30	35
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	30	15	15	180	85	90	321,885	154,370	167,510	50	15	30
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	40	20	15	54,265	27,870	26,395	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	15	5	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	10	5	5	115	60	55	197,020	99,310	97,710	35	10	20
65 years and over	10	10	5	25	10	15	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	6.0	6.0	22.0	21.6	22.8	16.4	16.0	16.9	10.0	7.0	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	x	x	19.0	18.0	20.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	20.0	16.0	25.0	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.0	4.0	21.2	22.0	20.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	9.5	8.0	11.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0	38.0	30.0	40.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	18.0	x	28.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	535	270	265	805	405	400	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	495	230	265
0 to 17 years	95	55	45	195	110	85	365,025	186,705	178,315	85	50	35
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	55	35	20	120,610	61,615	58,995	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	325	160	170	545	270	275	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	350	155	195
65 years and over	110	55	60	65	20	45	317,425	140,265	177,155	65	30	35
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	30	20	15	130	65	60	213,720	108,905	104,815	30	10	15
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	20	10	10	29,585	15,165	14,425	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	10	0	5	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	15	10	10	90	50	40	153,385	81,765	71,620	25	10	15
65 years and over	10	5	5	15	5	10	30,745	11,975	18,775	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.6	6.0	5.0	15.8	16.0	15.6	10.9	11.3	10.6	5.6	4.5	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	10.0	9.0	10.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	12.0	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	6.0	4.0	16.4	18.5	14.4	12.0	12.8	11.2	6.8	5.0	8.0
65 years and over (%)	9.0	10.0	8.0	28.0	25.0	28.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	535	265	270	810	405	400	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	500	235	265
In bottom half of the distribution	295	150	145	700	350	355	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	230	95	135
In bottom decile	35	15	20	185	90	90	298,540	147,890	150,655	50	15	30
In second decile	55	30	25	150	75	80	244,435	115,985	128,450	40	20	25
In third decile	75	40	30	195	95	100	240,895	116,550	124,345	45	20	25
In fourth decile	60	30	30	115	60	55	218,125	105,885	112,240	55	20	30
In fifth decile	70	40	35	60	30	30	194,765	95,185	99,580	40	15	20
In top half of the distribution	240	120	125	100	50	50	762,590	384,140	378,450	270	140	125
In sixth decile	70	30	40	50	25	25	172,200	85,100	87,095	50	25	20
In seventh decile	50	30	25	10	0	0	156,540	78,290	78,250	70	30	35
In eighth decile	65	35	30	20	10	15	144,120	72,600	71,525	75	40	40
In ninth decile	40	15	25	0	0	0	134,265	68,285	65,980	40	20	20
In top decile	20	10	10	0	0	0	155,465	79,870	75,595	30	15	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	535	...	...	805	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	495	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.264	...	...	0.250	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.288	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.422	...	...	0.452	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.384	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.228	...	...	0.222	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.247	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	535	270	265	805	405	405	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	495	230	265
English only	15	10	5	390	190	195	262,290	133,690	128,600	20	10	10
French only	240	115	125	75	40	30	486,845	221,005	265,840	125	60	60
English and French	270	140	125	320	160	160	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	340	155	185
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	25	10	15	45,860	18,340	27,520	10	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	535	270	265	805	405	405	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	495	230	265
English	140	80	65	570	275	295	605,220	303,380	301,835	50	25	25
French	350	165	185	140	75	60	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	415	195	220
English and French	30	20	15	70	40	35	173,785	88,480	85,300	25	10	10
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	25	10	15	44,430	17,640	26,790	10	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	535	270	265	805	405	405	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	495	230	265
Single responses	495	245	250	685	345	340	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	475	220	255
Official languages	275	145	130	295	160	140	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	415	190	225
English	60	40	20	245	125	120	322,315	162,085	160,230	35	20	15
French	210	105	105	55	30	20	870,975	428,435	442,540	385	175	210
Non-official languages	220	100	120	390	190	200	643,275	311,525	331,750	60	30	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	220	100	120	390	190	200	642,820	311,370	331,445	60	30	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	30	20	15	129,195	68,395	60,805	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	30	15	15	112,200	59,320	52,880	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	30	15	15	107,605	56,960	50,645	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	5	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15	10	5	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	165	65	100	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	0	5	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	125	50	75	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	85	30	55	10	5	5	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	65	30	40	5	0	5	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25	15	5	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20	10	10	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	10	5	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	60	60	105	60	45	329,415	158,980	170,435	55	30	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5	5	5	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	5	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	65	35	25	68,600	36,145	32,455	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	65	35	25	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	35	20	15	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5	5	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	20	10	10	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	55	60	25	15	15	183,755	87,295	96,460	50	30	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	90	45	45	5	0	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	10	5	5
Portuguese	5	0	5	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	30	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	5	20	15	5	85,395	41,150	44,250	15	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	5	5	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	57,075	26,030	31,035	5	0	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	56,890	25,955	30,935	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	5	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	5	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	20	15	125	60	65	143,450	71,980	71,470	15	10	10
English and French	15	10	0	20	10	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	10	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	75	35	45	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	10	10	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	5	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	535	270	265	805	405	405	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	495	230	265
English	95	55	40	225	115	110	340,470	170,050	170,425	30	15	15
French	195	90	95	55	35	20	779,125	383,000	396,125	355	160	190
Non-official language	45	20	25	115	55	60	204,395	96,705	107,690	35	15	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	20	25	115	55	60	204,315	96,670	107,645	35	15	20
English and French	25	15	15	50	25	30	173,135	89,205	83,935	55	25	30
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	225	110	120	135,390	66,995	68,400	10	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	105	45	55	50	30	20	180,900	85,935	94,965	10	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	65	35	35	154,470	76,450	78,020	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	535	270	265	805	405	405	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	495	230	265
Single responses	505	250	250	685	350	335	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	465	215	250
Official languages	415	210	205	415	215	200	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	430	200	230
English	135	75	60	335	165	165	479,850	239,270	240,580	45	20	20
French	280	135	150	85	45	35	956,130	471,155	484,975	385	180	210
Non-official languages	85	40	45	270	135	135	370,290	177,955	192,335	35	15	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	40	45	270	135	135	370,125	177,895	192,235	35	15	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	25	15	10	66,095	34,080	32,015	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	25	15	10	58,585	30,100	28,490	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5	20	10	10	56,520	29,075	27,445	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	120	50	70	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	5	5	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	40	55	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	25	10	10	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20	10	10	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	25	20	70	40	30	188,550	90,370	98,185	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5	5	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	45	20	20	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	30	10	10	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	15	5	5	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	20	15	10	10	95,835	44,515	51,315	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	15	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	20	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	5	20	10	10	54,335	26,035	28,300	5	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	5	5	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	43,570	20,275	23,295	5	0	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	43,475	20,230	23,240	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	5	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	20	120	55	65	173,745	85,640	88,110	30	20	10
English and French	5	5	5	30	15	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	25	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	65	20	40	39,365	19,140	20,225	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	20	10	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	15	5	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	535	265	265	805	405	400	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	495	235	265
None	360	180	180	490	250	240	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	440	205	235
English	15	10	10	105	55	50	131,630	67,290	64,340	25	15	15
French	40	20	20	60	30	25	126,780	62,180	64,600	10	5	10
Non-official language	75	30	40	80	30	50	144,335	69,210	75,130	15	5	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	75	30	40	80	30	45	144,155	69,135	75,015	15	5	5
English and French	5	5	0	10	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	25	15	10	38,875	19,700	19,180	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	20	10	10	33,620	16,170	17,450	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	5	0	5	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	15	15	5	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	490	260	225	910	450	455	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	615	315	300
Official languages	470	255	215	880	445	435	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	605	315	290
English	265	160	110	805	390	415	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	470	220	250
French	470	255	215	390	220	175	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	590	310	280
Non-official languages	345	175	165	595	285	310	971,455	471,755	499,700	165	85	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	345	175	165	595	285	310	970,710	471,495	499,220	165	85	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	30	15	60	50	15	217,295	113,605	103,690	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	30	15	55	45	15	205,120	107,210	97,905	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	45	30	15	30	20	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	25	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	45	30	15	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	230	90	135	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	35	10	25	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	230	90	135	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	180	80	95	25	10	10	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	175	75	95	25	10	10	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	40	20	15	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	70	55	170	85	85	514,485	250,190	264,295	155	80	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	25	15	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	25	15	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	10	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	20	15	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	10	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	35,095	17,750	17,345	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	31,565	16,090	15,470	10	10	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	10	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	105	50	55	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	105	50	55	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	90	40	50	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	30	10	20	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	15	10	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	70	50	30	10	20	324,695	154,360	170,340	135	65	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	90	55	40	0	0	0	107,285	51,300	55,985	40	30	15
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	20	10	15
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	35	25	10	10	10	0	193,835	91,345	102,490	90	35	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	490	260	225	905	450	455	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	615	315	300
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	490	260	225	905	450	450	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	610	315	290
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	490	260	225	905	450	455	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	615	315	300
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	490	260	225	905	450	455	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	615	315	300
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	185	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Owner	125	...	...	25	...	...	360,125	...	...	105	...	...
Renter	70	...	...	310	...	...	550,240	...	...	165	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	185	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Condominium	25	...	...	20	...	...	192,985	...	...	25	...	...
Not condominium	160	...	...	315	...	...	717,375	...	...	240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	185	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	125	...	...	267,715	...	...	80	...	...
2 bedrooms	70	...	...	135	...	...	303,875	...	...	105	...	...
3 bedrooms	65	...	...	55	...	...	220,945	...	...	50	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	55	...	...	10	...	...	98,090	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	185	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	70	...	...	275	...	...	501,570	...	...	120	...	...
5 rooms	15	...	...	40	...	...	166,230	...	...	60	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...	10	...	...	78,495	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	0	...	...	58,850	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	55	...	...	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	35	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	3.6	...	...	4.7	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	185	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
One person or fewer per room	185	...	...	285	...	...	881,730	...	...	260	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	55	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	185	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Suitable	175	...	...	220	...	...	834,885	...	...	255	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	115	...	...	75,475	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	185	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
1960 or before	10	...	...	130	...	...	325,005	...	...	210	...	...
1961 to 1980	55	...	...	80	...	...	282,605	...	...	25	...	...
1981 to 1990	80	...	...	20	...	...	101,185	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	40	...	...	10	...	...	63,765	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	10	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	10	...	...	32,875	...	...	15	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	65	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	10	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	185	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	175	...	...	315	...	...	833,540	...	...	235	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	20	...	...	76,815	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	185	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
One-maintainer household	95	...	...	180	...	...	543,605	...	...	130	...	...
Two-maintainer household	80	...	...	130	...	...	333,140	...	...	125	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	30	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	185	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	10	...	...	40,960	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	25	...	...	162,375	...	...	75	...	...
35 to 44 years	10	...	...	75	...	...	171,535	...	...	75	...	...
45 to 54 years	65	...	...	120	...	...	155,520	...	...	30	...	...
55 to 64 years	45	...	...	50	...	...	156,865	...	...	30	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	30	...	...	122,825	...	...	10	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	10	...	...	70,345	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	10	...	...	29,930	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	190	...	...	335	...	...	902,485	...	...	270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	155	...	...	270	...	...	686,075	...	...	210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	40	...	...	65	...	...	216,410	...	...	55	...	...
30% to less than 100%	35	...	...	65	...	...	189,795	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	185	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	175	...	...	330,635	...	...	85	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	35	...	...	55	...	...	186,350	...	...	45	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	90	...	...	56,480	...	...	15	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	10	...	...	50,745	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	10	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	130	...	...	155	...	...	579,720	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	185	...	...	330	...	...	875,865	...	...	260	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	50	...	...	87,945	...	...	20	...	...
Not in core need	175	...	...	275	...	...	787,925	...	...	240	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	120	...	...	25	...	...	360,120	...	...	100	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	80.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.7	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	30.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	x	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,410	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,300	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,640	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	332,000	...	...	x	...	...	544,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	395,000	...	...	1,100,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	710,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	310	...	...	550,235	...	...	165	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	27.4	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.8	...	...	19.4	...	...	28.4	...	...	18.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	16.4	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	785	...	...	890	...	...	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	790	...	...	987	...	...	980	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	485	260	230	905	450	455	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	615	320	295
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	20	10	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	20	10	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	485	260	220	900	450	450	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	595	310	285
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	485	260	230	910	455	455	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	610	320	295
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	460	240	215	665	330	335	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	570	290	280
Canadian citizens aged under 18	85	60	25	210	105	105	322,965	164,980	157,985	115	80	35
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	375	180	190	455	225	230	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	455	210	245
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30	20	10	240	125	115	313,410	160,530	152,885	45	30	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	485	260	230	910	455	455	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	610	320	295
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	280	165	115	345	180	165	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	485	245	240
Immigrants⁸¹	195	85	110	520	250	270	652,730	313,955	338,770	105	55	45
Before 1980	75	35	40	50	35	15	108,265	50,530	57,735	45	30	20
1980 to 1990	30	10	15	70	25	45	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	25	10	20	105	45	65	106,810	50,520	56,290	20	15	10
2001 to 2010	25	15	15	115	45	75	154,780	74,520	80,255	20	10	15
2011 to 2021⁸²	45	20	20	180	95	80	213,175	104,225	108,950	0	0	0
2011 to 2015	25	15	15	55	30	25	99,070	48,005	51,065	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	15	0	10	125	70	55	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	0	0	40	25	20	138,240	75,380	62,860	25	20	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	195	85	110	520	245	275	652,725	313,955	338,770	100	55	45
Under 5 years	20	15	0	15	15	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	20	0	15
5 to 14 years	25	0	20	75	35	35	103,285	51,965	51,320	15	0	10
15 to 24 years	40	20	20	105	55	45	118,475	53,035	65,440	10	10	0
25 to 44 years	75	35	40	285	115	170	326,320	158,620	167,700	55	40	15
45 years and over	40	15	20	40	20	20	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	195	85	110	520	245	275	652,725	313,955	338,770	100	55	45
Americas	150	70	80	50	25	20	137,955	63,465	74,485	25	15	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	120	50	70	10	0	10	48,570	21,555	27,015	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	15	0	10	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	25	10	10	12,515	6,350	6,170	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	25	0	20	30	15	20	158,795	76,610	82,190	65	35	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	25	15	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	15	0	15	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	20	15	10
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	20	10	10
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	10	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	20	15	0	50	30	20	152,205	77,515	74,690	0	0	0
Algeria	15	10	0	20	10	10	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	10	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	20	10	10	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	390	175	210	202,715	95,775	106,935	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	245	105	140	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	25	15	10	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	60	30	25	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	25	20	10	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25	0	15	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15	0	10	125	65	55	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Americas	10	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	105	55	55	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	100	50	50	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	490	265	225	905	450	455	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	615	315	300
First generation¹⁰⁰	210	95	115	560	270	295	813,905	400,325	413,580	135	75	60
Second generation¹⁰¹	150	85	60	295	160	135	424,225	212,755	211,475	90	40	50
Third generation or more¹⁰²	130	75	55	50	15	30	721,230	352,590	368,630	395	205	190
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	120	50	70	470	210	260	544,455	263,425	281,040	55	30	25
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	60	25	35	240	95	145	303,105	155,090	148,020	35	15	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	20	20	125	15	110	151,015	87,200	63,815	15	0	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15	0	10	110	80	35	152,090	67,890	84,205	25	15	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30	10	25	125	70	65	146,645	59,645	87,000	20	15	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	15	15	100	50	55	85,165	44,145	41,025	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	120	50	70	470	210	260	544,455	263,425	281,040	55	30	25
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	0	15	65	30	35	53,655	28,340	25,310	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	25	20	15	100	0	100	56,685	26,490	30,195	10	10	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	55	25	30	295	165	125	387,815	184,015	203,795	25	15	15
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	490	265	225	905	450	455	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	615	315	300
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	240	115	120	735	360	370	737,510	363,785	373,725	55	35	20
South Asian	0	0	0	130	75	55	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	15	10	10	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	195	90	105	135	70	65	208,805	101,125	107,680	20	15	10
Filipino	0	0	0	295	130	170	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	35	25	15	151,890	79,375	72,515	0	0	0
Latin American	25	15	10	0	0	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	90	40	50	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	25	15	10	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	250	140	105	175	95	85	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	560	285	280
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	490	260	225	910	455	455	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	615	320	295
Canadian	55	35	20	85	35	50	241,015	115,880	125,135	120	60	60
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	20	15	10
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	80	30	45
Scottish	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	15	10	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	40	25	20	0	0	0	336,880	169,710	167,170	305	165	145
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	10	0	10
Chinese	15	15	0	25	10	15	74,630	34,410	40,220	10	0	0
Italian	105	70	40	0	0	0	156,025	76,485	79,535	65	45	15
Indian (India)	0	0	0	40	25	15	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	15	0	15
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	30	20	10	0	0	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	45	20	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	15	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	225	95	130	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	10	0	10	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	20	10	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	10	0	10
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	10	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	30	15	15
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	20	15	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	10	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	35	20	35	20	10	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	95	60	35	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	45	30	15	28,910	13,890	15,015	10	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	25	15	10	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	180	80	95	30	15	15	82,590	38,735	43,855	20	10	10
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	20	10	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	15	10	10	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	70	30	40	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	35	25	15	40	25	15	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	10	10	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	20	10	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	15	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	15	0	15	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	15	25	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	490	260	230	905	450	455	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	615	315	295
Buddhist	0	0	0	50	35	20	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	350	190	160	495	210	280	969,945	451,410	518,540	190	100	90
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	25	15	15	60	25	40	116,635	55,545	61,090	25	10	15
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	30	20	15	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	235	125	105	320	145	180	675,695	314,690	361,010	160	90	75
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	10	10	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	10	0	60	25	40	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	45	25	15	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	115	70	40	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	35	25	10	130	70	65	233,440	121,145	112,290	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	15	10	10	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	100	50	55	50	30	20	590,140	310,985	279,165	420	215	200
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	475	250	230	890	455	445	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	605	305	295
Non-movers	410	215	195	855	440	415	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	530	275	250
Movers	65	30	35	35	15	25	255,365	129,500	125,865	75	35	45
Non-migrants	60	30	35	35	15	20	186,805	94,745	92,055	70	25	40
Migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	10	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	10	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	10	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	455	235	225	870	430	435	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	580	300	285
Non-movers	305	165	145	610	310	300	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	365	185	180
Movers	145	70	75	255	120	130	821,475	413,250	408,230	220	115	110
Non-migrants	110	55	50	135	60	80	433,700	216,030	217,670	140	75	60
Migrants	40	15	25	120	70	55	387,770	197,215	190,560	80	35	45
Internal migrants	25	10	20	30	10	20	190,035	93,955	96,075	55	15	35
Intraprovincial migrants	25	10	20	25	10	15	159,710	78,770	80,940	30	0	25
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	25	10	15
External migrants	15	0	10	90	60	35	197,735	103,260	94,485	30	20	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	415	215	205	700	350	355	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	500	245	265
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	45	70	135	75	65	274,820	136,500	138,320	55	20	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	300	165	135	570	270	295	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	450	220	230
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	110	125	520	235	285	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	175	190
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40	20	20	60	50	20	121,295	65,950	55,345	10	10	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	190	85	105	455	190	265	975,700	481,690	494,005	350	165	190
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	415	215	200	705	345	355	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	505	245	260
No certificate, diploma or degree	110	50	60	130	70	60	247,460	120,840	126,625	50	20	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	105	65	40	210	130	80	319,755	162,520	157,240	55	30	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	200	100	95	365	145	215	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	400	195	210
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145	75	70	195	75	120	473,060	232,855	240,210	100	45	50
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	55	25	25	50	20	25	146,170	81,740	64,425	30	15	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	20	15	40	15	15	106,110	54,025	52,085	25	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	10	10	15	0	10	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	45	30	125	50	75	260,845	122,345	138,495	60	25	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	20	0	15	66,045	28,760	37,285	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	55	20	30	165	70	95	609,855	291,355	318,505	305	145	155
Bachelor's degree	40	15	25	110	35	75	344,605	160,320	184,285	160	75	80
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	15	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	25	15	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	10	0	35	15	20	159,510	78,325	81,190	100	50	55
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	20	0	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	230	110	120	520	235	285	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	355	175	185
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	25	20	55	40	15	102,815	55,805	47,015	10	10	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	35	20	145	80	65	162,205	88,420	73,785	20	10	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	135	50	80	315	110	205	831,975	403,420	428,555	330	155	180
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	45	60	170	55	115	333,160	167,260	165,895	65	35	30
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	10	20	35	10	20	110,390	60,690	49,700	25	10	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	10	15	20	0	15	81,090	40,585	40,505	20	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	30	25	115	40	75	174,185	84,745	89,445	30	15	10
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	15	0	15	48,580	21,830	26,755	15	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	30	10	25	145	55	85	498,815	236,155	262,665	270	120	155
Bachelor's degree	25	0	20	85	20	70	276,640	128,890	147,745	125	55	75
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	20	15	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	25	10	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	35	15	20	137,150	66,720	70,430	100	50	50
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	15	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	415	210	205	705	345	360	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	505	245	260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	220	115	105	340	200	140	567,220	283,355	283,860	105	50	55
Education	0	0	0	45	10	40	56,030	12,985	43,045	20	10	0
13. Education	0	0	0	45	10	40	56,030	12,985	43,045	20	10	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	15	10	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	75	45	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	10	0	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	70	40	30
Humanities	15	15	0	20	15	0	78,920	30,815	48,110	45	15	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	20	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	15	0	15	10	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	10	15	45	15	30	157,220	58,185	99,040	85	20	60
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	20	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	15	0	15	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	10	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	20	0	10	59,300	29,185	30,110	35	10	25
Business, management and public administration	40	20	20	75	20	60	248,895	110,950	137,945	40	15	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	20	15	75	20	60	237,125	108,040	129,090	30	10	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	15	0	10	57,445	29,770	27,670	30	15	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	10	10	10	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	10	10	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	20	20	0	30	30	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	60	55	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	10	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	10	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	30	30	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20	20	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	0	10	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	15	25	75	15	60	122,295	30,795	91,495	25	10	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	15	25	75	15	60	109,185	24,140	85,045	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	50	25	20	15	15	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	10	20	10	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	10	10	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	235	110	125	520	235	285	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	170	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	100	55	40	205	125	80	265,025	144,230	120,800	25	15	10
Education	0	0	0	30	0	30	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	10	10
13. Education	0	0	0	30	0	30	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	10	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	10	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	65	35	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	10	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	65	35	30
Humanities	15	10	0	15	15	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	30	15	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	10	0	15	10	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15	0	10	45	15	30	121,985	44,105	77,880	75	15	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	20	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	15	0	15	14,380	1,525	12,850	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	20	0	15	44,580	21,945	22,635	35	10	20
Business, management and public administration	30	10	20	60	10	50	199,525	87,920	111,600	35	10	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	15	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	10	15	60	10	50	190,410	85,600	104,810	25	0	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	10	0	10	37,905	19,350	18,560	15	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	10	10	10	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	10	10	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	15	0	30	30	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	55	40	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	10	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	10	10	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	25	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20	20	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	0	10	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	0	25	75	10	55	92,595	23,265	69,330	25	10	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	0	15	70	10	55	82,410	18,370	64,045	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	15	15	15	10	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	15	10	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	0	0	10	10	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	235	110	125	520	235	285	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	170	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	100	55	40	205	125	80	265,025	144,230	120,800	25	15	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	130	55	85	315	110	205	831,975	403,415	428,560	335	155	180
Location of study inside Canada	115	45	70	150	50	100	598,455	286,340	312,115	280	125	155
Same as province or territory of residence	115	45	70	150	50	100	566,540	270,160	296,380	250	110	140
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	30	10	15
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	15	10	0	165	60	105	233,520	117,075	116,445	55	30	25
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	10	10	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	55	30	25
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	45	25	20
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	150	50	100	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	110	35	80	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	25	20	10	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	415	215	200	705	345	355	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	505	245	260
In the labour force	255	145	115	435	220	215	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	410	190	220
Employed	240	130	110	355	160	190	971,245	502,885	468,360	375	180	195
Unemployed	20	15	0	85	60	25	110,395	58,460	51,935	35	10	25
Not in the labour force	160	70	90	265	125	140	568,495	246,215	322,280	95	50	40
Participation rate	61.4	67.4	57.5	61.7	63.8	60.6	65.5	69.5	61.8	81.2	77.6	84.6
Employment rate	57.8	60.5	55.0	50.4	46.4	53.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	74.3	73.5	75.0
Unemployment rate	7.8	10.3	0.0	19.5	27.3	11.6	10.2	10.4	10.0	8.5	5.3	11.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	415	210	205	705	345	360	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	505	245	260
Did not work¹⁸⁶	165	85	80	330	150	180	582,470	253,075	329,400	95	40	50
Worked	250	130	120	370	195	175	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	410	200	210
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	120	60	60	170	90	80	529,400	287,950	241,450	190	85	105
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	125	65	60	200	105	95	538,265	266,540	271,725	220	115	110
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.6	44.8	42.4	39.6	37.4	42.0	39.7	40.2	39.3	40.4	38.8	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	260	140	115	435	220	215	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	410	190	220
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	25	15	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	250	135	110	405	205	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	410	190	220
Employee	240	125	110	395	200	195	907,745	457,830	449,915	345	155	195
Permanent position	210	110	100	310	160	150	741,830	380,445	361,385	275	100	180
Temporary position	30	20	10	85	40	45	165,915	77,385	88,530	65	55	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	10	35	25	10	69,690	31,285	38,405	40	30	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	20	0	50	20	35	96,225	46,100	50,120	30	20	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	10	10	0	15	0	0	142,380	88,145	54,230	60	40	25
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	260	140	115	435	220	215	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	410	190	220
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	25	15	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	250	135	110	405	205	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	410	190	220
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	0	35	30	10	20	207,660	79,975	127,685	55	25	35
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	0	10	15	10	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	70	50	15
3 Health occupations	45	10	30	65	15	50	85,545	21,700	63,845	35	0	35
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	10	0	60	20	40	140,500	46,385	94,115	85	30	55
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	10	0	10	61,790	31,615	30,175	75	35	35
6 Sales and service occupations	75	40	35	125	70	55	263,055	135,300	127,750	55	20	40
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	45	0	40	35	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	25	25	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	10	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	25	25	0	60	35	20	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	260	140	115	435	220	215	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	410	190	220
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	25	15	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	250	135	110	405	205	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	410	190	220
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	45	35	10	70	45	25	86,535	58,295	28,235	25	25	0
41 Wholesale trade	25	10	15	10	10	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	15	0	10	60	35	25	111,555	56,180	55,375	35	0	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	20	0	15	15	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	15	15	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	45	30	10
52 Finance and insurance	15	0	15	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	15	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	10	0	15	10	10	130,405	75,750	54,655	50	35	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	15	0	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	0	0	0
61 Educational services	0	0	0	35	20	20	95,290	34,510	60,780	65	35	30
62 Health care and social assistance	55	15	45	85	15	70	142,545	36,095	106,450	55	0	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	35	0	25
72 Accommodation and food services	10	10	0	35	30	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	10	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	30	0	30	43,990	17,935	26,050	30	0	20
91 Public administration	15	10	0	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	20	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	260	135	125	450	225	215	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	440	220	220
English	30	20	10	240	115	130	201,310	110,165	91,150	55	20	30
French	120	65	50	50	15	35	416,430	206,170	210,265	215	120	90
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	115	60	60	130	90	40	473,485	249,700	223,785	165	75	95
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	260	135	125	450	225	215	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	440	220	220
Single responses	235	125	110	410	195	220	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	420	215	205
Official languages	235	125	110	400	195	205	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	420	215	205
English	45	25	25	300	145	155	361,715	194,885	166,835	95	50	45
French	190	105	85	105	50	55	645,885	327,180	318,705	325	165	160
Non-official languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	10	15	40	35	0	126,180	65,940	60,240	20	0	10
English and French	30	10	15	40	35	0	116,535	60,925	55,605	20	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	260	135	125	450	225	215	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	440	220	220
None	175	95	75	335	160	175	743,180	381,875	361,305	285	155	135
English	65	35	25	60	35	25	219,885	116,455	103,430	110	40	70
French	20	0	15	45	20	20	149,470	78,495	70,975	40	25	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	240	130	110	350	160	190	971,245	502,885	468,360	380	180	195
Worked at home	40	15	25	35	10	20	298,820	151,335	147,485	175	100	80
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	20	15	0	55	35	20	89,120	62,795	26,325	15	10	0
Usual place of work	180	95	80	265	115	150	580,035	286,695	293,340	185	70	115
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	180	100	80	265	115	150	580,035	286,695	293,340	185	70	115
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	130	65	65	205	80	125	427,475	202,010	225,465	170	60	110
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	15	0	40	25	15	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	35	20	10	10	10	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	10	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	195	110	85	320	150	170	669,150	349,485	319,665	200	80	115
Car, truck or van	160	100	60	120	80	45	395,615	229,315	166,300	75	40	40
Car, truck or van - as a driver	155	100	55	100	70	30	365,770	218,475	147,295	75	40	40
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	25	10	10	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	20	0	15	170	65	105	177,860	74,605	103,260	55	20	35
Walked	20	10	10	15	0	15	61,160	26,300	34,860	20	0	20
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	45	20	25
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	195	110	85	320	150	170	669,150	349,485	319,665	200	80	115
Less than 15 minutes	70	35	35	50	20	30	125,240	61,185	64,055	25	15	10
15 to 29 minutes	55	35	20	115	55	60	241,005	129,590	111,420	85	30	55
30 to 44 minutes	55	35	20	80	35	40	176,925	96,710	80,215	80	35	50
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	50	25	25	67,635	33,110	34,530	10	0	10
60 minutes and over	10	10	0	25	15	15	58,350	28,905	29,445	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	195	110	85	320	150	170	669,150	349,485	319,665	200	80	115
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	15	0	15	15	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	10	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	35	10	25	45	20	25	95,270	56,280	38,990	20	10	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	65	30	35	85	30	60	166,695	79,410	87,280	60	15	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	25	10	50	20	30	149,185	68,865	80,320	60	25	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15	0	15	45	10	35	106,855	50,615	56,240	45	20	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	35	0	75	55	25	112,350	65,830	46,520	10	0	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	95	50	45	195	115	85	371,310	189,920	181,390	85	50	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	10	100	50	45	109,065	56,315	52,750	5	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	45	30	100	60	40	262,245	133,605	128,640	80	40	35
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	65	35	30	155	85	65	264,905	135,505	129,395	60	35	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	15	15	80	45	35	82,880	42,755	40,130	5	10	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	10	10	70	35	30	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	5	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	10	10	5	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	25	20	75	45	35	182,020	92,755	89,270	55	30	25

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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