Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662821More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24663456More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24663315More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,202	...	...	5	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	658	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	940	...	...	1	...	...	976,966	...	...	297	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	841	...	...	1	...	...	910,359	...	...	287	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,302.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	6,707.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.23	...	...	1.66	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.10	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,200	425	775	x	x	x	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	660	315	345
0 to 14 years	20	10	15	x	x	x	309,765	158,545	151,225	105	50	55
0 to 4 years	5	5	0	x	x	x	99,195	50,760	48,435	40	20	20
5 to 9 years	15	5	10	x	x	x	106,985	54,660	52,320	40	20	20
10 to 14 years	5	5	5	x	x	x	103,590	53,120	50,470	25	15	10
15 to 64 years	145	70	80	x	x	x	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	450	215	235
15 to 19 years	10	5	5	x	x	x	97,525	49,340	48,180	25	10	15
20 to 24 years	15	5	10	x	x	x	140,025	70,895	69,125	30	15	15
25 to 29 years	10	5	5	x	x	x	165,525	83,630	81,895	45	15	30
30 to 34 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	157,725	78,995	78,730	45	20	30
35 to 39 years	10	5	5	x	x	x	149,265	74,115	75,155	65	30	35
40 to 44 years	5	0	0	x	x	x	142,365	70,920	71,445	55	35	20
45 to 49 years	15	10	10	x	x	x	125,505	62,690	62,815	45	20	20
50 to 54 years	15	5	5	x	x	x	121,710	61,735	59,975	45	20	25
55 to 59 years	35	15	15	x	x	x	125,465	63,810	61,655	40	20	25
60 to 64 years	40	15	25	x	x	x	118,065	57,920	60,140	55	30	20
65 years and over	1,030	350	680	x	x	x	351,325	151,210	200,120	105	50	60
65 to 69 years	50	15	35	x	x	x	99,325	46,730	52,595	45	20	30
70 to 74 years	130	35	90	x	x	x	86,030	39,185	46,845	30	15	15
75 to 79 years	195	65	130	x	x	x	63,215	27,320	35,895	10	0	5
80 to 84 years	265	90	175	x	x	x	46,875	18,960	27,915	10	5	5
85 years and over	390	140	250	x	x	x	55,885	19,015	36,870	15	5	5
85 to 89 years	205	85	115	x	x	x	33,210	12,200	21,010	10	5	0
90 to 94 years	135	45	95	x	x	x	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	45	10	40	x	x	x	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	5	0	5	x	x	x	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	1.7	2.4	1.9	x	x	x	15.5	16.1	14.8	15.9	15.9	15.9
15 to 64 years	12.1	16.5	10.3	x	x	x	67.0	68.5	65.6	68.2	68.3	68.1
65 years and over	85.8	82.4	87.7	x	x	x	17.5	15.4	19.6	15.9	15.9	17.4
85 years and over	32.5	32.9	32.3	x	x	x	2.8	1.9	3.6	2.3	1.6	1.4
Average age of the population	76.9	75.0	77.9	x	x	x	41.0	39.8	42.1	41.6	42.0	41.1
Median age of the population	81.0	81.0	81.0	x	x	x	39.6	38.4	40.4	41.6	42.8	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	845	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
Single-detached house	35	...	...	x	...	...	100,615	...	...	100	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	x	...	...	32,530	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	x	...	...	34,075	...	...	40	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	x	...	...	110,440	...	...	35	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	15	...	...	x	...	...	479,885	...	...	110	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	785	...	...	x	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	x	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	x	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	840	...	...	x	...	...	910,355	...	...	285	...	...
1 person	575	...	...	x	...	...	367,400	...	...	80	...	...
2 persons	235	...	...	x	...	...	271,730	...	...	115	...	...
3 persons	15	...	...	x	...	...	118,205	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	x	...	...	98,205	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	x	...	...	54,820	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,160	415	740	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	635	290	345
Average household size	1.4	...	...	x	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,180	415	765	x	x	x	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	555	265	295
Married or living common-law	510	255	255	x	x	x	822,440	414,330	408,115	325	170	160
Married	420	205	210	x	x	x	577,060	289,455	287,600	195	100	90
Living common-law	95	50	50	x	x	x	245,385	124,870	120,510	130	70	65
Living common law - Never married	30	15	15	x	x	x	207,040	104,785	102,250	115	60	60
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	40	20	20	x	x	x	32,295	16,915	15,380	10	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	20	5	10	x	x	x	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	670	165	510	x	x	x	872,060	410,935	461,125	225	90	130
Not married and not living common law - Never married	140	50	95	x	x	x	627,845	333,150	294,700	180	80	95
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	10	15	x	x	x	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	130	30	100	x	x	x	126,605	46,380	80,225	25	5	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	385	80	305	x	x	x	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	5	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	255	...	...	x	...	...	495,445	...	...	200	...	...
2 persons	225	...	...	x	...	...	251,075	...	...	115	...	...
3 persons	15	...	...	x	...	...	107,265	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	x	...	...	93,300	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	0	...	...	x	...	...	43,810	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.2	...	...	x	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	x	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	255	...	...	x	...	...	495,445	...	...	200	...	...
Total couple families	240	...	...	x	...	...	395,645	...	...	160	...	...
Married couples	200	...	...	x	...	...	273,070	...	...	95	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	x	...	...	162,745	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	175	...	...	x	...	...	110,325	...	...	50	...	...
Common-law couples	45	...	...	x	...	...	122,570	...	...	65	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	x	...	...	44,875	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	x	...	...	77,700	...	...	40	...	...
Total one-parent families	10	...	...	x	...	...	99,805	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5	...	...	x	...	...	80,530	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	x	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,160	415	740	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	635	290	345
Total - Persons in census families	560	280	280	x	x	x	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	535	250	285
Married spouses or common-law partners	485	245	245	x	x	x	791,280	398,495	392,785	320	165	160
Parents in one-parent families	15	5	5	x	x	x	99,805	19,275	80,525	45	10	35
Children⁶	60	30	30	x	x	x	541,905	284,935	256,965	175	80	95
In a two-parent family	45	20	25	x	x	x	392,250	205,155	187,095	120	55	60
In a one-parent family	15	5	5	x	x	x	149,655	79,785	69,865	55	25	35
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	600	140	465	x	x	x	526,370	262,915	263,450	100	45	55
Living alone	575	125	445	x	x	x	367,395	175,660	191,740	85	40	45
Living with other relatives⁷	10	0	10	x	x	x	49,280	22,020	27,255	10	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	15	5	10	x	x	x	109,690	65,235	44,455	5	5	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	840	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	285	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	250	...	...	x	...	...	455,970	...	...	195	...	...
Couple-family households	240	...	...	x	...	...	370,250	...	...	150	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	x	...	...	194,165	...	...	70	...	...
Without children	215	...	...	x	...	...	176,085	...	...	85	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	x	...	...	85,720	...	...	40	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	x	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	x	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	x	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	x	...	...	55,210	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	575	...	...	x	...	...	367,395	...	...	85	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,135	410	735	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	530	235	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,130	405	730	x	x	x	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	520	235	285
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	38,000	28,400	x	x	x	37,600	39,600	36,000	48,800	52,000	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,130	405	730	x	x	x	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	520	235	285
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	35,200	27,800	x	x	x	34,000	35,200	32,800	42,000	44,000	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,000	370	635	x	x	x	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	490	230	260
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	16,000	22,800	12,800	x	x	x	31,000	35,200	27,000	42,800	46,800	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	220	105	115	x	x	x	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	400	190	215
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,360	5,120	9,100	x	x	x	32,800	36,000	29,600	49,200	54,400	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,100	390	715	x	x	x	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	385	150	235
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	17,800	17,600	18,000	x	x	x	10,800	9,600	12,000	8,900	7,150	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15	10	5	x	x	x	171,705	84,570	87,145	50	15	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5,520	5,480	5,680	6,040	x	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70	40	25	x	x	x	529,640	276,110	253,530	120	55	70
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	7,750	x	x	x	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,500	5,240	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,175	440	740	x	x	x	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	505	230	270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,175	440	740	x	x	x	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	490	225	260
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,500	47,400	34,800	x	x	x	53,250	60,050	46,760	58,000	67,500	50,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,175	440	740	x	x	x	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	495	225	265
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,100	40,200	30,500	x	x	x	42,520	46,280	38,960	47,200	53,600	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,055	400	665	x	x	x	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	465	225	245
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,850	35,000	20,280	x	x	x	48,960	57,350	40,640	49,800	60,800	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	265	145	120	x	x	x	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	365	175	190
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	37,000	36,000	x	x	x	48,760	55,650	41,480	54,600	68,500	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,135	410	725	x	x	x	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	380	140	240
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	16,840	16,700	16,880	x	x	x	12,040	10,900	13,040	13,050	10,800	14,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	x	x	x	171,360	84,435	86,925	65	20	50
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	x	x	x	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,800	7,000	6,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75	35	40	x	x	x	528,305	276,300	252,005	125	45	75
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,500	7,600	x	x	x	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,400	8,000	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,175	440	735	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	500	230	270
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	65	25	35	x	x	x	514,340	278,505	235,830	205	125	80
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	x	62,800	x	x	x	60,000	63,600	56,000	77,500	89,000	75,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,000	85,000	72,000	x	x	x	78,700	88,300	67,400	78,500	86,000	69,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	85	45	40	x	x	x	504,455	247,565	256,895	130	50	85
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,600	11,700	x	x	x	x	16,400	17,400	15,500	13,300	13,400	12,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	51,000	54,000	48,000	x	x	x	26,920	29,400	24,520	22,400	28,000	19,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	59.0	67.0	52.4	x	x	x	81.2	85.6	75.6	83.0	90.0	74.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	20.8	26.0	16.5	x	x	x	66.8	71.0	61.3	70.0	78.0	60.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	41.0	32.8	47.6	x	x	x	18.9	14.4	24.4	17.4	9.6	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.6	0.8	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.7	2.5	2.9	x	x	x	6.4	5.9	7.0	4.7	2.7	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	1.3	1.4	1.2	x	x	x	5.7	5.4	6.0	4.0	2.4	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,140	405	730	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	530	240	295
Without total income	10	0	0	x	x	x	65,020	32,205	32,820	10	5	5
With total income	1,135	405	725	x	x	x	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	520	235	285
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	5	20	x	x	x	138,250	65,670	72,580	30	15	20
$10,000 to $19,999	145	25	115	x	x	x	200,450	93,060	107,390	35	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	350	90	260	x	x	x	286,825	131,235	155,595	75	25	50
$30,000 to $39,999	230	90	130	x	x	x	215,455	102,705	112,755	65	30	35
$40,000 to $49,999	160	75	85	x	x	x	181,505	86,460	95,040	55	30	30
$50,000 to $59,999	80	40	45	x	x	x	138,185	64,805	73,380	65	30	35
$60,000 to $69,999	45	20	25	x	x	x	100,060	48,510	51,550	40	10	30
$70,000 to $79,999	40	20	15	x	x	x	74,165	37,625	36,540	25	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	x	x	x	58,400	30,060	28,335	35	20	20
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	x	x	x	42,240	22,360	19,875	25	5	20
$100,000 and over	30	15	15	x	x	x	149,555	92,680	56,875	70	50	20
$100,000 to $149,999	15	5	10	x	x	x	90,980	53,275	37,705	50	35	15
$150,000 and over	15	10	0	x	x	x	58,575	39,405	19,170	20	15	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,140	405	730	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	530	240	295
Without after-tax income	10	0	0	x	x	x	64,605	32,005	32,605	10	5	5
With after-tax income	1,135	405	725	x	x	x	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	520	235	285
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	5	25	x	x	x	144,275	67,955	76,320	35	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	160	30	130	x	x	x	210,975	98,495	112,480	35	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	375	110	270	x	x	x	334,395	155,845	178,545	85	30	50
$30,000 to $39,999	295	115	180	x	x	x	257,145	124,835	132,315	90	40	50
$40,000 to $49,999	120	60	60	x	x	x	204,980	97,805	107,175	75	35	40
$50,000 to $59,999	60	35	30	x	x	x	139,760	67,315	72,450	55	20	35
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	10	x	x	x	93,705	46,700	47,005	50	20	25
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	10	x	x	x	61,765	31,815	29,945	30	15	20
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	x	x	x	38,975	21,640	17,335	15	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	x	x	x	25,855	14,955	10,900	15	15	5
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	x	x	x	73,695	48,025	25,665	25	15	5
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	x	x	x	33,165	20,265	12,905	15	15	5
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	x	x	x	40,530	27,765	12,760	5	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,140	405	730	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	530	240	295
Without employment income	920	305	615	x	x	x	495,060	212,405	282,660	130	50	80
With employment income	220	105	115	x	x	x	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	400	185	210
Under $5,000 (including loss)	105	55	55	x	x	x	167,560	82,405	85,155	45	20	25
$5,000 to $9,999	15	5	5	x	x	x	111,575	52,975	58,595	35	15	20
$10,000 to $19,999	25	10	15	x	x	x	151,350	72,815	78,530	35	10	25
$20,000 to $29,999	10	5	10	x	x	x	116,030	56,295	59,730	30	10	20
$30,000 to $39,999	5	0	5	x	x	x	108,120	55,225	52,890	30	20	15
$40,000 to $49,999	5	5	5	x	x	x	104,250	51,950	52,300	25	10	20
$50,000 to $59,999	10	5	5	x	x	x	84,485	42,940	41,540	45	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	x	x	x	66,190	35,045	31,145	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	x	x	x	52,585	28,500	24,080	15	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	x	x	x	46,000	24,150	21,850	30	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	x	x	x	31,345	18,120	13,230	20	10	15
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	x	x	x	115,575	74,545	41,030	60	50	15
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	x	x	x	47,525	28,870	18,655	30	20	5
$125,000 and over	10	5	5	x	x	x	68,050	45,675	22,375	35	25	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,135	410	735	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	530	235	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,130	400	730	x	x	x	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	510	230	280
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	36,400	27,200	x	x	x	34,000	36,400	31,800	47,200	49,600	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,130	400	730	x	x	x	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	510	230	280
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	34,400	26,400	x	x	x	31,000	32,800	29,400	40,800	41,600	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,000	365	635	x	x	x	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	485	215	260
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	16,400	24,000	13,000	x	x	x	32,000	36,000	28,200	41,200	48,400	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	220	105	110	x	x	x	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	400	180	220
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,100	6,450	11,700	x	x	x	33,600	36,800	30,400	46,800	55,600	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,075	370	705	x	x	x	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	350	140	210
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	16,800	17,000	16,800	x	x	x	4,440	2,760	7,300	6,700	3,760	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10	5	5	x	x	x	114,940	56,080	58,855	40	15	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	x	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,600	x	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,175	440	740	x	x	x	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	505	230	270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,175	440	740	x	x	x	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	480	220	260
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,500	46,400	33,800	x	x	x	50,000	57,050	43,280	54,400	66,000	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,175	440	740	x	x	x	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	480	220	260
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,900	39,000	29,200	x	x	x	39,800	43,800	35,920	45,000	53,200	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,050	395	655	x	x	x	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	455	215	240
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,450	36,000	20,800	x	x	x	49,080	57,750	40,560	49,600	63,600	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	260	140	120	x	x	x	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	355	165	190
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	43,000	36,500	x	x	x	48,720	55,750	41,240	54,800	70,000	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,100	395	705	x	x	x	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	355	125	230
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	15,840	15,700	15,920	x	x	x	8,250	6,740	9,510	10,240	8,200	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	x	x	x	114,595	55,675	58,915	55	15	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	x	x	x	7,510	5,990	8,940	8,400	8,000	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,175	440	735	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	500	230	270
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	65	25	35	x	x	x	507,645	274,575	233,070	205	125	80
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	x	60,800	x	x	x	54,400	58,400	50,400	77,000	89,000	64,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,000	90,000	72,000	x	x	x	72,500	82,100	61,050	73,000	80,000	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	75	40	30	x	x	x	462,020	227,495	234,530	120	40	85
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	26,400	x	x	x	x	21,800	23,200	20,400	23,200	26,200	18,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	58,000	60,000	52,000	x	x	x	32,320	35,520	29,240	28,000	40,000	22,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	61.4	69.5	54.8	x	x	x	87.2	91.4	81.8	86.0	92.0	77.0
Employment income (%)	22.4	29.0	17.0	x	x	x	71.8	75.8	66.6	74.5	80.0	67.0
Government transfers (%)	38.6	30.4	45.2	x	x	x	12.8	8.6	18.2	14.0	7.2	22.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.8	0.8	3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	840	...	...	x	...	...	910,355	...	...	285	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	x	...	...	66,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	x	...	...	58,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	575	...	...	x	...	...	367,395	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	x	...	...	38,000	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	x	...	...	34,000	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	265	...	...	x	...	...	542,960	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	x	...	...	92,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	x	...	...	80,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	55,700	...	...	x	...	...	92,700	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	48,100	...	...	x	...	...	74,100	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	555	...	...	x	...	...	367,255	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	x	...	...	49,760	...	...	51,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,400	...	...	x	...	...	40,640	...	...	43,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	275	...	...	x	...	...	543,100	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	x	...	...	121,800	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	x	...	...	96,700	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	840	...	...	x	...	...	910,355	...	...	290	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	x	...	...	18,165	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	25,730	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	110	...	...	x	...	...	57,720	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	115	...	...	x	...	...	41,160	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	75	...	...	x	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	70	...	...	x	...	...	41,545	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	85	...	...	x	...	...	42,630	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	50	...	...	x	...	...	40,980	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	95	...	...	x	...	...	75,485	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	65	...	...	x	...	...	67,695	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	45	...	...	x	...	...	60,495	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	x	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	45,830	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	x	...	...	270,265	...	...	125	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	85,635	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	56,205	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	62,095	...	...	40	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	x	...	...	66,335	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	840	...	...	x	...	...	910,355	...	...	290	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	x	...	...	19,710	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	27,485	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	115	...	...	x	...	...	63,030	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	135	...	...	x	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	90	...	...	x	...	...	48,815	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	110	...	...	x	...	...	51,055	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	75	...	...	x	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	50	...	...	x	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	90	...	...	x	...	...	85,490	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	55	...	...	x	...	...	75,625	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	x	...	...	65,530	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	54,850	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	45,065	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	45	...	...	x	...	...	197,490	...	...	95	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	78,870	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	45,905	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	x	...	...	72,715	...	...	35	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	255	...	...	x	...	...	501,830	...	...	200	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	x	...	...	94,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	x	...	...	82,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.2	...	...	x	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	215	...	...	x	...	...	179,195	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	x	...	...	88,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	x	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	x	...	...	208,260	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	x	...	...	119,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	x	...	...	102,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	x	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	x	...	...	95,875	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	65,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	59,600	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.0	...	...	x	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	590	135	455	x	x	x	477,085	240,895	236,195	90	40	50
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	36,800	31,400	x	x	x	34,400	34,800	34,000	40,000	39,600	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	34,000	29,800	x	x	x	31,200	31,200	31,200	35,600	35,600	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	275	...	...	x	...	...	501,905	...	...	190	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	x	...	...	125,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	x	...	...	98,700	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	215	...	...	x	...	...	179,455	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	x	...	...	116,700	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	x	...	...	91,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	x	...	...	208,375	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	x	...	...	157,200	...	...	165,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	x	...	...	122,300	...	...	132,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	x	...	...	95,455	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	x	...	...	78,200	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	67,100	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	555	135	425	x	x	x	476,520	240,280	236,245	95	40	55
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	51,000	38,400	x	x	x	45,520	46,520	44,560	49,000	52,000	46,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,400	40,000	33,800	x	x	x	37,600	37,920	37,280	42,000	44,000	40,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,160	415	745	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	630	290	345
0 to 17 years	25	15	15	x	x	x	365,020	186,710	178,315	120	60	60
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	x	x	x	120,615	61,615	58,995	45	20	25
18 to 64 years	140	65	75	x	x	x	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	410	185	225
65 years and over	990	340	650	x	x	x	317,425	140,270	177,155	105	45	60
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	205	45	160	x	x	x	321,885	154,370	167,510	60	25	35
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	54,265	27,870	26,395	15	10	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,760	9,545	9,215	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	10	5	5	x	x	x	197,020	99,310	97,710	25	10	15
65 years and over	195	40	155	x	x	x	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.6	10.0	22.0	x	x	x	16.4	16.0	16.9	9.2	9.0	9.5
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	12.0	16.0	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	...	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	10.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	8.0	6.0	x	x	x	15.4	15.6	15.3	6.4	5.0	8.0
65 years and over (%)	19.6	11.0	24.4	x	x	x	22.2	19.4	24.5	18.0	16.0	20.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,160	415	740	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	635	290	345
0 to 17 years	30	10	15	x	x	x	365,025	186,705	178,315	120	55	60
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	120,610	61,615	58,995	50	25	30
18 to 64 years	140	65	80	x	x	x	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	410	185	225
65 years and over	995	345	655	x	x	x	317,425	140,265	177,155	105	50	55
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	45	10	35	x	x	x	213,720	108,905	104,815	30	15	15
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	29,585	15,165	14,425	5	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	5	5	0	x	x	x	153,385	81,765	71,620	15	10	10
65 years and over	40	5	35	x	x	x	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	2.8	4.8	x	x	x	10.9	11.3	10.6	4.4	5.0	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	6.0	6.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	...	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.0	5.0	x	x	x	12.0	12.8	11.2	4.0	4.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	4.0	2.0	5.2	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	5.0	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,160	415	745	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	630	290	345
In bottom half of the distribution	935	320	615	x	x	x	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	290	130	160
In bottom decile	130	25	105	x	x	x	298,540	147,890	150,655	50	20	25
In second decile	300	85	215	x	x	x	244,435	115,985	128,450	45	20	30
In third decile	235	90	150	x	x	x	240,895	116,550	124,345	60	25	30
In fourth decile	175	75	100	x	x	x	218,125	105,885	112,240	55	25	30
In fifth decile	95	45	55	x	x	x	194,765	95,185	99,580	80	30	45
In top half of the distribution	220	100	125	x	x	x	762,590	384,140	378,450	345	160	185
In sixth decile	70	30	40	x	x	x	172,200	85,100	87,095	55	20	30
In seventh decile	55	20	35	x	x	x	156,540	78,290	78,250	70	30	40
In eighth decile	35	20	20	x	x	x	144,120	72,600	71,525	75	35	45
In ninth decile	30	10	15	x	x	x	134,265	68,285	65,980	90	50	45
In top decile	35	15	15	x	x	x	155,465	79,870	75,595	60	30	30
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,160	...	...	x	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	635	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	x	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.301	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.563	...	...	x	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.394	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.245	...	...	x	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.260	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	x	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,165	415	745	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	635	290	340
English only	15	10	10	x	x	x	262,290	133,690	128,600	15	5	5
French only	655	190	470	x	x	x	486,845	221,005	265,840	220	100	120
English and French	485	215	265	x	x	x	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	395	185	210
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	x	x	x	45,860	18,340	27,520	5	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,165	415	745	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	635	290	340
English	100	50	50	x	x	x	605,220	303,380	301,835	50	25	30
French	1,035	355	680	x	x	x	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	535	250	290
English and French	25	10	10	x	x	x	173,785	88,480	85,300	35	15	20
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	x	x	x	44,430	17,640	26,790	5	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,165	415	745	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	635	290	340
Single responses	1,135	405	725	x	x	x	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	605	270	330
Official languages	995	345	655	x	x	x	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	485	230	255
English	30	15	15	x	x	x	322,315	162,085	160,230	25	10	15
French	970	325	645	x	x	x	870,975	428,435	442,540	460	215	245
Non-official languages	135	65	65	x	x	x	643,275	311,525	331,750	120	45	75
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	135	65	65	x	x	x	642,820	311,370	331,445	120	45	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	129,195	68,395	60,805	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,675	8,420	7,250	5	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,510	7,750	6,760	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	x	x	x	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	112,200	59,320	52,880	10	5	10
Amharic	0	0	0	x	x	x	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	x	x	x	107,605	56,960	50,645	10	5	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	x	x	x	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	x	x	x	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	x	x	x	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5	x	x	x	37,690	16,985	20,705	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,705	4,110	4,595	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	120	60	60	x	x	x	329,415	158,980	170,435	60	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	37,235	16,405	20,835	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	36,800	16,245	20,555	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,695	7,755	9,935	10	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	x	x	x	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	x	x	x	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	x	x	x	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	x	x	x	68,600	36,145	32,455	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	x	x	x	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	x	x	x	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	0	x	x	x	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	x	x	x	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	50	55	x	x	x	183,755	87,295	96,460	45	20	25
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	95	40	50	x	x	x	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	5	5
Portuguese	10	5	5	x	x	x	19,465	9,245	10,215	15	5	10
Romanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	5	x	x	x	85,395	41,150	44,250	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,775	6,870	6,905	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	x	x	x	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	x	x	x	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	x	x	x	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	x	x	x	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	x	x	x	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	x	x	x	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	57,075	26,030	31,035	20	10	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	56,890	25,955	30,935	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	x	x	x	37,985	17,270	20,715	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,895	830	1,065	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,185	6,995	8,195	10	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	15	20	x	x	x	143,450	71,980	71,470	30	20	15
English and French	15	5	10	x	x	x	42,695	21,750	20,940	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	x	x	x	47,185	23,615	23,570	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	x	x	x	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,165	415	745	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	635	290	340
English	55	30	25	x	x	x	340,470	170,050	170,425	25	10	15
French	970	330	640	x	x	x	779,125	383,000	396,125	445	205	240
Non-official language	30	15	20	x	x	x	204,395	96,705	107,690	35	15	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	20	x	x	x	204,315	96,670	107,645	35	15	20
English and French	45	20	25	x	x	x	173,135	89,205	83,935	40	20	25
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	x	x	x	135,390	66,995	68,400	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	x	x	x	180,900	85,935	94,965	60	30	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	x	x	x	154,470	76,450	78,020	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	x	x	x	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,165	415	745	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	635	290	340
Single responses	1,145	410	735	x	x	x	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	605	280	325
Official languages	1,100	390	710	x	x	x	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	550	255	295
English	80	35	40	x	x	x	479,850	239,270	240,580	45	20	25
French	1,020	350	665	x	x	x	956,130	471,155	484,975	500	230	275
Non-official languages	40	15	25	x	x	x	370,290	177,955	192,335	60	30	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	15	25	x	x	x	370,125	177,895	192,235	60	30	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	66,095	34,080	32,015	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	x	x	x	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	x	x	x	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	58,585	30,100	28,490	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	x	x	x	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	x	x	x	56,520	29,075	27,445	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	x	x	x	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	x	x	x	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,685	7,840	9,845	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	x	x	x	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,210	1,990	2,220	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,460	5,315	5,145	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,370	4,095	4,270	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	15	x	x	x	188,550	90,370	98,185	35	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	21,410	9,870	11,540	10	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	21,300	9,830	11,475	10	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,475	5,775	6,700	5	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	x	x	x	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	x	x	x	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	x	x	x	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	15	x	x	x	95,835	44,515	51,315	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	15	x	x	x	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,365	4,860	5,500	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	0	x	x	x	54,335	26,035	28,300	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	x	x	x	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	x	x	x	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	43,570	20,275	23,295	15	5	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	43,475	20,230	23,240	15	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	x	x	x	30,855	14,425	16,430	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,470	4,815	5,655	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	x	x	x	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	10	x	x	x	173,745	85,640	88,110	25	10	20
English and French	10	10	5	x	x	x	53,305	27,065	26,240	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	x	x	x	39,365	19,140	20,225	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	x	x	x	57,355	27,790	29,565	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	21,910	10,810	11,100	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,160	415	745	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	635	290	345
None	1,075	380	695	x	x	x	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	525	235	290
English	25	10	15	x	x	x	131,630	67,290	64,340	25	10	15
French	15	5	10	x	x	x	126,780	62,180	64,600	25	20	10
Non-official language	30	15	15	x	x	x	144,335	69,210	75,130	40	25	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15	x	x	x	144,155	69,135	75,015	40	25	20
English and French	0	0	0	x	x	x	34,410	17,320	17,090	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	x	x	x	38,875	19,700	19,180	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	x	x	x	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	x	x	x	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,200	450	750	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	635	295	335
Official languages	1,175	440	735	x	x	x	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	625	295	330
English	580	255	325	x	x	x	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	350	170	185
French	1,155	430	725	x	x	x	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	615	290	325
Non-official languages	210	90	120	x	x	x	971,455	471,755	499,700	165	80	90
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	210	90	120	x	x	x	970,710	471,495	499,220	165	80	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	217,295	113,605	103,690	15	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	x	x	x	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	x	x	x	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	x	x	x	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	205,120	107,210	97,905	15	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	x	x	x	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	x	x	x	188,115	98,545	89,565	15	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	x	x	x	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	x	x	x	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	x	x	x	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	x	x	x	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	x	x	x	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	76,295	34,775	41,520	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	67,895	30,695	37,205	10	0	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	165	75	95	x	x	x	514,485	250,190	264,295	75	45	35
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	50,700	23,530	27,165	20	15	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	50,190	23,320	26,870	20	15	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	x	x	x	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	x	x	x	29,515	13,855	15,655	20	15	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,945	2,635	3,310	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	x	x	x	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	x	x	x	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	x	x	x	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	x	x	x	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	x	x	x	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	x	x	x	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	x	x	x	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	70	85	x	x	x	324,695	154,360	170,340	50	25	30
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	135	55	75	x	x	x	107,285	51,300	55,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	x	x	x	31,125	15,545	15,585	25	10	15
Romanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	0	x	x	x	193,835	91,345	102,490	25	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	33,295	16,860	16,435	20	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	x	x	x	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	x	x	x	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	x	x	x	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	x	x	x	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	68,485	31,760	36,720	35	25	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	68,285	31,685	36,595	35	25	10
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	x	x	x	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	21,115	9,630	11,485	20	15	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	x	x	x	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,200	450	755	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	635	300	335
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	x	x	x	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,190	445	750	x	x	x	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	630	300	335
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,200	450	755	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	635	300	335
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,190	445	750	x	x	x	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	630	300	335
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Owner	85	...	...	x	...	...	360,125	...	...	195	...	...
Renter	745	...	...	x	...	...	550,240	...	...	85	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	x	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Condominium	60	...	...	x	...	...	192,985	...	...	50	...	...
Not condominium	780	...	...	x	...	...	717,375	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	x	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	575	...	...	x	...	...	267,715	...	...	50	...	...
2 bedrooms	145	...	...	x	...	...	303,875	...	...	105	...	...
3 bedrooms	55	...	...	x	...	...	220,945	...	...	90	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	x	...	...	98,090	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	715	...	...	x	...	...	501,570	...	...	100	...	...
5 rooms	65	...	...	x	...	...	166,230	...	...	55	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	x	...	...	78,495	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	x	...	...	58,850	...	...	40	...	...
8 or more rooms	35	...	...	x	...	...	105,210	...	...	55	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.5	...	...	x	...	...	4.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
One person or fewer per room	835	...	...	x	...	...	881,730	...	...	280	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	x	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Suitable	830	...	...	x	...	...	834,885	...	...	270	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	x	...	...	75,475	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
1960 or before	25	...	...	x	...	...	325,005	...	...	115	...	...
1961 to 1980	140	...	...	x	...	...	282,605	...	...	75	...	...
1981 to 1990	230	...	...	x	...	...	101,185	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	295	...	...	x	...	...	63,765	...	...	50	...	...
2001 to 2005	120	...	...	x	...	...	32,020	...	...	25	...	...
2006 to 2010	20	...	...	x	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	x	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	x	...	...	37,590	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	805	...	...	x	...	...	833,540	...	...	265	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	x	...	...	76,815	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
One-maintainer household	635	...	...	x	...	...	543,605	...	...	130	...	...
Two-maintainer household	190	...	...	x	...	...	333,140	...	...	145	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	x	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	x	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	0	...	...	x	...	...	162,375	...	...	30	...	...
35 to 44 years	0	...	...	x	...	...	171,535	...	...	65	...	...
45 to 54 years	20	...	...	x	...	...	155,520	...	...	50	...	...
55 to 64 years	55	...	...	x	...	...	156,865	...	...	45	...	...
65 to 74 years	85	...	...	x	...	...	122,825	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	360	...	...	x	...	...	70,345	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	315	...	...	x	...	...	29,930	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	835	...	...	x	...	...	902,485	...	...	280	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	190	...	...	x	...	...	686,075	...	...	255	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	645	...	...	x	...	...	216,410	...	...	25	...	...
30% to less than 100%	630	...	...	x	...	...	189,795	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	835	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	650	...	...	x	...	...	330,635	...	...	55	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	620	...	...	x	...	...	186,350	...	...	25	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	x	...	...	56,480	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	x	...	...	50,745	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	x	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	x	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	x	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	x	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	185	...	...	x	...	...	579,720	...	...	230	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	820	...	...	x	...	...	875,865	...	...	285	...	...
In core need	165	...	...	x	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	655	...	...	x	...	...	787,925	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	90	...	...	x	...	...	360,120	...	...	200	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	38.9	...	...	x	...	...	60.0	...	...	52.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	x	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	x	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,090	...	...	x	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,310	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	x	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,260	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...	x	...	...	544,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	660,000	...	...	x	...	...	638,000	...	...	488,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	750	...	...	x	...	...	550,235	...	...	85	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	26.0	...	...	x	...	...	8.4	...	...	17.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	84.7	...	...	x	...	...	28.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.4	...	...	x	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	x	...	...	890	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,632	...	...	x	...	...	987	...	...	760	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	x	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,200	450	750	x	x	x	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	635	295	340
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15	0	15	x	x	x	9,035	3,985	5,050	10	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	15	0	15	x	x	x	8,845	3,910	4,935	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15	0	15	x	x	x	7,485	3,365	4,125	10	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	x	x	x	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	x	x	x	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	x	x	x	30,345	13,805	16,540	20	0	15
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	x	x	x	30,095	13,720	16,370	20	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	27,000	12,340	14,660	20	0	15
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,175	450	730	x	x	x	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	610	285	320
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,200	445	750	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	630	295	340
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,195	445	745	x	x	x	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	585	275	310
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25	10	15	x	x	x	322,965	164,980	157,985	135	60	70
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,170	440	730	x	x	x	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	450	215	240
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	313,410	160,530	152,885	50	20	30
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,200	445	750	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	630	295	340
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,090	395	695	x	x	x	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	480	220	260
Immigrants⁸¹	110	55	55	x	x	x	652,730	313,955	338,770	140	70	70
Before 1980	70	40	35	x	x	x	108,265	50,530	57,735	20	0	15
1980 to 1990	20	10	0	x	x	x	69,695	34,150	35,545	10	0	10
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	x	x	x	106,810	50,520	56,290	45	25	20
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	x	x	x	154,780	74,520	80,255	20	10	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0	0	x	x	x	213,175	104,225	108,950	50	25	20
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	x	x	x	99,070	48,005	51,065	30	15	10
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	x	x	x	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	x	x	x	138,240	75,380	62,860	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	110	55	55	x	x	x	652,725	313,955	338,770	140	70	65
Under 5 years	10	0	0	x	x	x	52,990	26,810	26,180	15	10	0
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	103,285	51,965	51,320	20	10	0
15 to 24 years	25	15	10	x	x	x	118,475	53,035	65,440	25	10	10
25 to 44 years	55	30	30	x	x	x	326,320	158,620	167,700	70	30	45
45 years and over	10	0	10	x	x	x	51,660	23,520	28,140	10	10	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	110	55	55	x	x	x	652,725	313,955	338,770	140	70	65
Americas	35	15	15	x	x	x	137,955	63,465	74,485	15	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0	x	x	x	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	x	x	x	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	x	x	x	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	60	25	35	x	x	x	158,795	76,610	82,190	50	30	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	x	x	x	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	x	x	x	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	x	x	x	42,245	22,305	19,935	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	40	10	30	x	x	x	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	x	x	x	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,385	2,345	3,035	10	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	x	x	x	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	0	x	x	x	152,205	77,515	74,690	30	15	20
Algeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	x	x	x	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	x	x	x	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	x	x	x	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	x	x	x	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	x	x	x	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	x	x	x	47,960	24,705	23,260	10	0	10
Asia	0	0	0	x	x	x	202,715	95,775	106,935	50	25	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	x	x	x	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	32,815	14,710	18,100	20	15	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	x	x	x	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,570	7,995	9,575	10	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	x	x	x	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	x	x	x	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	x	x	x	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	x	x	x	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	x	x	x	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	x	x	x	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	x	x	x	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	x	x	x	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	x	x	x	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	x	x	x	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	x	x	x	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	x	x	x	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	x	x	x	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	x	x	x	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	x	x	x	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	x	x	x	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	x	x	x	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	x	x	x	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	x	x	x	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	x	x	x	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	x	x	x	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	x	x	x	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	x	x	x	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,200	450	755	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	635	300	335
First generation¹⁰⁰	110	50	55	x	x	x	813,905	400,325	413,580	160	75	80
Second generation¹⁰¹	120	60	65	x	x	x	424,225	212,755	211,475	100	40	60
Third generation or more¹⁰²	970	340	630	x	x	x	721,230	352,590	368,630	370	180	195
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	35	10	20	x	x	x	544,455	263,425	281,040	125	65	60
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10	10	0	x	x	x	303,105	155,090	148,020	80	55	30
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10	10	0	x	x	x	151,015	87,200	63,815	30	25	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	152,090	67,890	84,205	55	30	25
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	25	0	20	x	x	x	146,645	59,645	87,000	20	0	15
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	85,165	44,145	41,025	20	10	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	35	10	20	x	x	x	544,455	263,425	281,040	125	65	60
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	53,655	28,340	25,310	15	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	x	x	x	56,685	26,490	30,195	15	10	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	20	0	15	x	x	x	387,815	184,015	203,795	100	50	50
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,200	450	755	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	635	300	335
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	40	10	25	x	x	x	737,510	363,785	373,725	140	65	75
South Asian	0	0	0	x	x	x	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	x	x	x	69,985	32,190	37,795	25	15	10
Black	0	0	0	x	x	x	208,805	101,125	107,680	55	20	35
Filipino	0	0	0	x	x	x	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	x	x	x	151,890	79,375	72,515	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	x	x	x	82,550	40,580	41,970	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	x	x	x	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	x	x	x	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,160	435	720	x	x	x	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	495	235	260
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,200	445	750	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	635	295	335
Canadian	295	90	200	x	x	x	241,015	115,880	125,135	115	50	65
English	30	15	20	x	x	x	59,710	30,025	29,685	20	15	15
Irish	30	0	30	x	x	x	102,325	48,885	53,440	20	15	10
Scottish	10	0	10	x	x	x	61,620	29,560	32,065	15	10	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	410	190	220	x	x	x	336,880	169,710	167,170	195	90	105
German	10	0	10	x	x	x	40,360	19,305	21,050	20	10	0
Chinese	0	0	0	x	x	x	74,630	34,410	40,220	45	25	15
Italian	140	70	70	x	x	x	156,025	76,485	79,535	15	0	10
Indian (India)	0	0	0	x	x	x	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,025	9,095	9,930	10	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	x	x	x	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	130	35	95	x	x	x	108,910	54,650	54,260	100	35	55
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,025	8,610	8,415	10	0	10
Filipino	0	0	0	x	x	x	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	100	35	70	x	x	x	66,400	31,740	34,655	25	15	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10	0	10	x	x	x	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	0	15	x	x	x	16,815	7,630	9,185	20	0	15
Métis	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	26,895	13,510	13,380	20	10	10
Russian	0	0	0	x	x	x	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	x	x	x	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	x	x	x	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,695	5,780	6,915	10	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	x	x	x	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	x	x	x	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	x	x	x	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	10	0	10	x	x	x	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,360	6,180	6,180	15	0	10
Haitian	0	0	0	x	x	x	82,590	38,735	43,855	20	0	15
Hindu	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	x	x	x	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	15	15	0	x	x	x	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	x	x	x	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	x	x	x	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	x	x	x	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	x	x	x	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	x	x	x	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	x	x	x	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	x	x	x	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	x	x	x	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	x	x	x	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	x	x	x	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	x	x	x	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	x	x	x	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	x	x	x	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	x	x	x	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	x	x	x	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	x	x	x	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	x	x	x	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	x	x	x	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	x	x	x	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	x	x	x	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	x	x	x	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	x	x	x	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	x	x	x	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	x	x	x	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	x	x	x	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	x	x	x	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	x	x	x	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	x	x	x	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	x	x	x	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	x	x	x	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	x	x	x	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	x	x	x	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	x	x	x	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	x	x	x	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	x	x	x	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	x	x	x	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	x	x	x	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	x	x	x	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	x	x	x	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	x	x	x	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	x	x	x	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,200	450	755	x	x	x	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	635	300	335
Buddhist	0	0	0	x	x	x	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	1,130	415	715	x	x	x	969,945	451,410	518,540	330	150	180
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50	15	35	x	x	x	116,635	55,545	61,090	40	25	15
Anabaptist	0	0	0	x	x	x	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	50	15	30	x	x	x	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	1,030	380	650	x	x	x	675,695	314,690	361,010	285	130	160
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	x	x	x	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	x	x	x	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	x	x	x	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	x	x	x	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	x	x	x	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	x	x	x	233,440	121,145	112,290	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	x	x	x	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	x	x	x	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	40	25	20	x	x	x	590,140	310,985	279,165	275	130	150
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,200	445	750	x	x	x	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	630	295	335
Non-movers	1,140	440	705	x	x	x	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	590	265	325
Movers	60	10	50	x	x	x	255,365	129,500	125,865	40	30	10
Non-migrants	50	10	45	x	x	x	186,805	94,745	92,055	35	30	10
Migrants	10	0	10	x	x	x	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	10	0	10	x	x	x	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	10	x	x	x	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	x	x	x	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,195	445	755	x	x	x	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	595	290	310
Non-movers	715	255	465	x	x	x	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	390	165	230
Movers	480	185	290	x	x	x	821,475	413,250	408,230	205	125	80
Non-migrants	275	100	180	x	x	x	433,700	216,030	217,670	155	95	55
Migrants	205	95	110	x	x	x	387,770	197,215	190,560	50	25	25
Internal migrants	205	95	110	x	x	x	190,035	93,955	96,075	15	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	205	95	110	x	x	x	159,710	78,770	80,940	15	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	x	x	x	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	x	x	x	197,735	103,260	94,485	40	15	20
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,180	440	735	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	500	230	270
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	310	95	205	x	x	x	274,820	136,500	138,320	70	35	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	870	345	530	x	x	x	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	430	200	235
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	155	80	70	x	x	x	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	340	165	175
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10	10	0	x	x	x	121,295	65,950	55,345	25	10	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	135	75	65	x	x	x	975,700	481,690	494,005	315	160	160
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,175	440	740	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	500	230	270
No certificate, diploma or degree	300	90	210	x	x	x	247,460	120,840	126,625	65	30	35
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	415	145	270	x	x	x	319,755	162,520	157,240	80	35	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	460	205	260	x	x	x	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	355	165	190
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	250	105	145	x	x	x	473,060	232,855	240,210	150	65	85
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	80	60	20	x	x	x	146,170	81,740	64,425	50	20	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	20	15	x	x	x	106,110	54,025	52,085	40	15	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	45	40	0	x	x	x	40,055	27,715	12,340	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	100	35	65	x	x	x	260,845	122,345	138,495	60	25	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	10	60	x	x	x	66,045	28,760	37,285	45	25	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	215	100	115	x	x	x	609,855	291,355	318,505	205	95	110
Bachelor's degree	140	70	70	x	x	x	344,605	160,320	184,285	120	55	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	20	20	x	x	x	58,945	27,280	31,665	20	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	x	x	x	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	10	20	x	x	x	159,510	78,325	81,190	70	30	40
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	155	80	70	x	x	x	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	340	170	175
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	10	0	x	x	x	102,815	55,805	47,015	20	10	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10	0	0	x	x	x	162,205	88,420	73,785	45	25	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130	70	60	x	x	x	831,975	403,420	428,555	275	130	140
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	30	25	x	x	x	333,160	167,260	165,895	110	45	60
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	10	0	x	x	x	110,390	60,690	49,700	40	15	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	x	x	x	81,090	40,585	40,505	35	10	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30	25	10	x	x	x	174,185	84,745	89,445	40	15	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	15	x	x	x	48,580	21,830	26,755	30	15	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	75	35	40	x	x	x	498,815	236,155	262,665	170	85	80
Bachelor's degree	50	25	25	x	x	x	276,640	128,890	147,745	90	55	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	x	x	x	48,390	21,995	26,395	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	x	x	x	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	0	0	x	x	x	137,150	66,720	70,430	65	25	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,175	435	735	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	500	230	270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	715	235	475	x	x	x	567,220	283,355	283,860	145	65	80
Education	50	10	35	x	x	x	56,030	12,985	43,045	45	10	35
13. Education	50	10	35	x	x	x	56,030	12,985	43,045	45	10	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	x	x	x	69,210	32,705	36,505	35	15	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	x	x	x	61,135	27,085	34,045	30	10	15
Humanities	20	0	15	x	x	x	78,920	30,815	48,110	35	0	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,135	3,710	11,430	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	x	x	x	28,165	11,870	16,295	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	x	x	x	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	20	30	x	x	x	157,220	58,185	99,040	45	10	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	x	x	x	23,760	8,265	15,495	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	10	x	x	x	28,365	11,670	16,690	20	0	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	20	0	10	x	x	x	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	x	x	x	59,300	29,185	30,110	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	120	50	70	x	x	x	248,895	110,950	137,945	65	35	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	x	x	x	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	120	50	70	x	x	x	237,125	108,040	129,090	60	35	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	15	0	x	x	x	57,445	29,770	27,670	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	15	0	x	x	x	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	65,435	46,010	19,420	20	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	x	x	x	53,075	39,595	13,480	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	80	80	0	x	x	x	173,380	143,615	29,765	60	45	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	15	0	x	x	x	78,800	61,515	17,290	35	25	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	x	x	x	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	x	x	x	21,310	20,295	1,010	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	x	x	x	20,645	19,920	730	10	10	0
48. Precision production	20	20	0	x	x	x	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,685	5,720	5,960	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	85	10	80	x	x	x	122,295	30,795	91,495	50	10	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	80	0	75	x	x	x	109,185	24,140	85,045	40	10	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	x	x	x	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	x	x	x	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	10	0	x	x	x	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	x	x	x	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	x	x	x	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	150	85	75	x	x	x	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	340	165	175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20	10	10	x	x	x	265,025	144,230	120,800	70	30	30
Education	0	0	0	x	x	x	38,405	8,860	29,545	35	10	30
13. Education	0	0	0	x	x	x	38,405	8,860	29,545	35	10	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	x	x	x	54,840	26,500	28,340	30	15	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	x	x	x	48,205	21,870	26,335	25	10	10
Humanities	10	0	10	x	x	x	52,565	20,765	31,805	20	10	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,385	7,290	9,100	15	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	x	x	x	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	20	10	x	x	x	121,985	44,105	77,880	40	10	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	x	x	x	20,165	6,920	13,245	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	x	x	x	22,425	8,630	13,785	15	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	x	x	x	44,580	21,945	22,635	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	40	20	20	x	x	x	199,525	87,920	111,600	50	30	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	20	20	x	x	x	190,410	85,600	104,810	50	30	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	x	x	x	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	x	x	x	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	20	20	0	x	x	x	137,395	112,025	25,370	45	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	x	x	x	66,210	51,090	15,115	30	25	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	x	x	x	20,510	17,545	2,955	10	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,845	4,635	5,210	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	15	x	x	x	92,595	23,265	69,330	30	10	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,570	2,765	2,805	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	x	x	x	82,410	18,370	64,045	25	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	x	x	x	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	x	x	x	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	x	x	x	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	x	x	x	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	x	x	x	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	x	x	x	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	150	85	75	x	x	x	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	340	165	175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20	10	10	x	x	x	265,025	144,230	120,800	70	30	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	130	65	60	x	x	x	831,975	403,415	428,560	270	135	140
Location of study inside Canada	125	65	60	x	x	x	598,455	286,340	312,115	250	120	125
Same as province or territory of residence	115	65	55	x	x	x	566,540	270,160	296,380	245	120	125
Different than province or territory of residence	10	0	0	x	x	x	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	0	0	0	x	x	x	233,520	117,075	116,445	30	20	10
Americas	0	0	0	x	x	x	41,560	21,015	20,550	10	0	10
United States of America	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	x	x	x	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	x	x	x	74,705	39,515	35,190	20	10	0
Belgium	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	x	x	x	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	x	x	x	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	x	x	x	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	x	x	x	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	x	x	x	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	x	x	x	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	x	x	x	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	x	x	x	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	x	x	x	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	x	x	x	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	x	x	x	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	x	x	x	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	x	x	x	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	x	x	x	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	x	x	x	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	x	x	x	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	x	x	x	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	x	x	x	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	x	x	x	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	x	x	x	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,175	440	740	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	500	230	270
In the labour force	145	65	80	x	x	x	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	325	165	165
Employed	125	60	65	x	x	x	971,245	502,885	468,360	295	150	150
Unemployed	20	10	15	x	x	x	110,395	58,460	51,935	35	15	20
Not in the labour force	1,030	370	660	x	x	x	568,495	246,215	322,280	170	60	110
Participation rate	12.3	14.8	10.8	x	x	x	65.5	69.5	61.8	65.0	71.7	61.1
Employment rate	10.6	13.6	8.8	x	x	x	58.9	62.3	55.6	59.0	65.2	55.6
Unemployment rate	13.8	15.4	18.8	x	x	x	10.2	10.4	10.0	10.8	9.1	12.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,175	435	735	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	500	230	270
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,020	365	660	x	x	x	582,470	253,075	329,400	160	60	105
Worked	150	75	80	x	x	x	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	340	170	165
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	60	25	35	x	x	x	529,400	287,950	241,450	210	125	85
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	90	50	40	x	x	x	538,265	266,540	271,725	135	45	85
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.0	39.5	36.5	x	x	x	39.7	40.2	39.3	41.8	44.6	39.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	145	70	75	x	x	x	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	330	165	160
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	x	x	x	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	140	65	70	x	x	x	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	325	165	160
Employee	105	45	65	x	x	x	907,745	457,830	449,915	280	140	140
Permanent position	100	45	55	x	x	x	741,830	380,445	361,385	250	140	110
Temporary position	10	0	10	x	x	x	165,915	77,385	88,530	30	0	30
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	x	x	x	69,690	31,285	38,405	15	0	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	10	0	10	x	x	x	96,225	46,100	50,120	10	0	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	25	15	10	x	x	x	142,380	88,145	54,230	45	25	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	145	70	75	x	x	x	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	330	165	160
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	x	x	x	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	140	65	70	x	x	x	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	325	165	160
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	x	x	x	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	10	25	x	x	x	207,660	79,975	127,685	75	25	50
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	x	x	x	114,775	85,780	28,990	45	35	10
3 Health occupations	20	0	10	x	x	x	85,545	21,700	63,845	35	15	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	15	20	x	x	x	140,500	46,385	94,115	30	0	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	x	x	x	61,790	31,615	30,175	50	20	25
6 Sales and service occupations	30	20	10	x	x	x	263,055	135,300	127,750	50	30	15
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	0	0	0	x	x	x	109,555	99,115	10,440	25	25	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	x	x	x	42,380	28,195	14,185	15	0	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	145	70	75	x	x	x	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	330	165	160
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	x	x	x	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	140	65	70	x	x	x	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	325	165	160
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	x	x	x	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	x	x	x	37,460	31,570	5,890	20	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	x	x	x	86,535	58,295	28,235	20	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	20	10	10	x	x	x	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	0	0	0	x	x	x	111,555	56,180	55,375	30	20	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	x	x	x	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	x	x	x	43,110	26,250	16,865	15	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	x	x	x	53,430	27,205	26,225	20	20	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	10	0	x	x	x	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	0	10	x	x	x	130,405	75,750	54,655	60	30	35
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	x	x	x	49,530	29,800	19,735	0	0	0
61 Educational services	20	10	15	x	x	x	95,290	34,510	60,780	35	10	25
62 Health care and social assistance	20	0	20	x	x	x	142,545	36,095	106,450	50	10	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	x	x	x	23,355	12,045	11,315	15	10	10
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	x	x	x	59,510	32,125	27,380	20	10	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	x	x	x	43,990	17,935	26,050	0	0	0
91 Public administration	10	0	0	x	x	x	42,120	20,455	21,665	25	15	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	165	85	80	x	x	x	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	355	175	180
English	10	10	0	x	x	x	201,310	110,165	91,150	0	0	0
French	65	15	45	x	x	x	416,430	206,170	210,265	230	110	120
Non-official language	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	x	x	x	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	90	60	35	x	x	x	473,485	249,700	223,785	105	55	45
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	165	85	80	x	x	x	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	355	175	180
Single responses	150	75	75	x	x	x	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	325	160	165
Official languages	150	75	75	x	x	x	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	320	155	165
English	25	20	0	x	x	x	361,715	194,885	166,835	30	15	10
French	125	50	70	x	x	x	645,885	327,180	318,705	290	135	150
Non-official languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	x	x	x	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	x	x	x	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	x	x	x	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	x	x	x	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	x	x	x	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	x	x	x	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	x	x	x	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	x	x	x	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	x	x	x	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	x	x	x	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	x	x	x	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	x	x	x	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	x	x	x	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	x	x	x	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	x	x	x	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	x	x	x	126,180	65,940	60,240	35	20	10
English and French	0	0	0	x	x	x	116,535	60,925	55,605	35	20	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	165	85	80	x	x	x	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	355	175	180
None	85	35	50	x	x	x	743,180	381,875	361,305	280	140	140
English	65	40	25	x	x	x	219,885	116,455	103,430	50	25	25
French	15	10	0	x	x	x	149,470	78,495	70,975	20	15	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	x	x	x	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	x	x	x	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	x	x	x	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	125	60	65	x	x	x	971,245	502,885	468,360	295	150	145
Worked at home	35	25	15	x	x	x	298,820	151,335	147,485	120	70	50
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	x	x	x	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	10	0	0	x	x	x	89,120	62,795	26,325	25	25	0
Usual place of work	80	30	45	x	x	x	580,035	286,695	293,340	150	55	95
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	80	35	45	x	x	x	580,035	286,695	293,340	150	55	95
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	65	20	40	x	x	x	427,475	202,010	225,465	135	50	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	x	x	x	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	x	x	x	58,865	35,690	23,175	15	0	15
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	x	x	x	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	85	35	50	x	x	x	669,150	349,485	319,665	175	80	95
Car, truck or van	80	35	45	x	x	x	395,615	229,315	166,300	95	45	50
Car, truck or van - as a driver	80	35	45	x	x	x	365,770	218,475	147,295	90	45	45
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	x	x	x	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	0	0	0	x	x	x	177,860	74,605	103,260	70	35	35
Walked	0	0	0	x	x	x	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	x	x	x	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	x	x	x	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	85	35	50	x	x	x	669,150	349,485	319,665	175	80	95
Less than 15 minutes	0	0	0	x	x	x	125,240	61,185	64,055	15	10	0
15 to 29 minutes	30	15	15	x	x	x	241,005	129,590	111,420	85	30	55
30 to 44 minutes	20	0	15	x	x	x	176,925	96,710	80,215	35	15	20
45 to 59 minutes	30	10	15	x	x	x	67,635	33,110	34,530	30	25	10
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	x	x	x	58,350	28,905	29,445	10	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	85	35	50	x	x	x	669,150	349,485	319,665	175	80	95
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	x	x	x	38,800	28,480	10,315	15	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20	15	10	x	x	x	95,270	56,280	38,990	35	25	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20	10	0	x	x	x	166,695	79,410	87,280	65	20	45
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35	10	20	x	x	x	149,185	68,865	80,320	20	10	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15	0	10	x	x	x	106,855	50,615	56,240	30	20	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	0	0	0	x	x	x	112,350	65,830	46,520	10	0	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25	15	15	x	x	x	371,310	189,920	181,390	120	60	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	x	x	x	109,065	56,315	52,750	20	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	x	x	x	262,245	133,605	128,640	105	50	55
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	25	10	15	x	x	x	264,905	135,505	129,395	75	40	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	10	10	x	x	x	82,880	42,755	40,130	20	10	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	x	x	x	67,535	34,945	32,590	15	5	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	x	x	x	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	0	5	x	x	x	182,020	92,755	89,270	60	30	25

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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