Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

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	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	413	...	...	672	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	36,991,981	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	150	...	...	351	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	16,284,235	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	143	...	...	327	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,941	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	20,753.8	...	...	9,243.5	...	...	6.5	...	...	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.02	...	...	0.07	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	410	200	215	670	330	340	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740
0 to 14 years	125	65	60	115	60	60	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285
0 to 4 years	50	25	20	25	15	15	422,980	217,145	205,840	1,831,195	938,790	892,405
5 to 9 years	50	25	30	45	20	25	478,955	245,295	233,665	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655
10 to 14 years	25	15	15	45	25	20	489,425	250,855	238,570	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225
15 to 64 years	250	125	130	455	235	220	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710
15 to 19 years	25	15	10	30	15	10	429,400	219,400	209,995	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240
20 to 24 years	25	10	10	25	20	5	460,660	235,250	225,405	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430
25 to 29 years	25	10	15	55	30	25	527,150	266,455	260,700	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370
30 to 34 years	40	15	20	50	25	30	536,040	267,770	268,270	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040
35 to 39 years	40	20	20	45	20	25	550,425	274,350	276,075	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835
40 to 44 years	25	15	10	65	30	35	572,565	286,405	286,160	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530
45 to 49 years	20	5	15	50	30	25	516,465	259,565	256,905	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985
50 to 54 years	20	15	10	35	20	15	522,935	262,610	260,325	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685
55 to 59 years	15	10	5	55	25	30	615,690	307,230	308,465	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350
60 to 64 years	15	10	10	35	20	15	625,610	307,710	317,900	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245
65 years and over	35	10	20	100	35	60	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750
65 to 69 years	15	0	15	35	10	20	541,970	264,020	277,950	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	25	10	15	455,900	217,985	237,910	1,847,585	879,850	967,735
75 to 79 years	5	0	0	20	5	10	330,840	153,790	177,050	1,260,930	589,090	671,845
80 to 84 years	5	0	0	15	5	10	210,405	90,825	119,580	840,545	370,905	469,645
85 years and over	0	0	0	10	0	5	214,415	75,305	139,115	861,395	319,540	541,860
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	5	0	5	131,755	50,610	81,150	525,445	212,735	312,705
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	5	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	258,035	87,300	170,735
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	68,380	17,670	50,715
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	9,535	1,830	7,710
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	30.5	32.5	27.9	17.2	18.2	17.6	16.4	17.0	15.8	16.3	16.9	15.6
15 to 64 years	61.0	62.5	60.5	67.9	71.2	64.7	63.0	63.9	62.1	64.8	65.4	64.2
65 years and over	8.5	5.0	9.3	14.9	10.6	17.6	20.6	19.1	22.1	19.0	17.7	20.2
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	0.0	1.5	2.5	1.8	3.2	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	31.3	30.1	32.2	40.1	38.2	42.0	42.8	41.8	43.7	41.9	41.0	42.8
Median age of the population	31.4	29.4	31.8	40.4	38.0	41.6	43.2	42.0	44.0	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	140	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	10	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	7,872,310	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	5	...	...	199,080	...	...	746,560	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	98,625	...	...	980,110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	100	...	...	271,245	...	...	821,490	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	140	...	...	205	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	2,738,020	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	1,596,155	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	5	...	...	15,745	...	...	34,880	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	189,420	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	140	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 person	30	...	...	140	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
2 persons	40	...	...	100	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	5,124,800	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	30	...	...	480,135	...	...	2,194,825	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	40	...	...	427,605	...	...	2,002,455	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	15	...	...	228,060	...	...	1,260,850	...	...
Number of persons in private households	415	200	210	675	330	340	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	285	135	150	550	270	280	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460
Married or living common-law	110	55	60	290	140	145	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595
Married	80	35	40	150	70	75	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875
Living common-law	35	20	20	140	75	65	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725
Living common law - Never married	25	10	10	125	65	60	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	123,830	65,045	58,785
Living common law - Divorced	10	0	5	10	5	10	261,885	135,520	126,370	721,715	365,760	355,950
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	87,165	36,860	50,300
Not married and not living common-law	175	80	95	265	125	140	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860
Not married and not living common law - Never married	130	70	65	190	105	85	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	10	5	10	106,275	48,095	58,175	741,135	319,045	422,090
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	15	15	40	15	30	494,210	197,455	296,755	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	20	10	15	380,100	89,515	290,580	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	110	...	...	170	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
2 persons	40	...	...	90	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	5,306,105	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	30	...	...	454,980	...	...	2,147,825	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	45	...	...	412,850	...	...	1,953,035	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	15	...	...	187,600	...	...	855,960	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.1	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	105	...	...	175	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
Total couple families	50	...	...	140	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	8,576,585	...	...
Married couples	35	...	...	70	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	6,627,310	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	45	...	...	502,020	...	...	3,481,775	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	30	...	...	609,605	...	...	3,145,535	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	70	...	...	828,005	...	...	1,949,275	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	30	...	...	401,885	...	...	808,645	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	40	...	...	426,120	...	...	1,140,630	...	...
Total one-parent families	60	...	...	35	...	...	383,775	...	...	1,686,340	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	45	...	...	30	...	...	284,025	...	...	1,302,670	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	99,755	...	...	383,670	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	415	200	210	675	330	340	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Total - Persons in census families	345	160	190	495	250	245	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625
Married spouses or common-law partners	100	50	50	280	145	140	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560
Parents in one-parent families	55	10	50	30	5	30	383,780	99,755	284,020	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670
Children⁶	190	100	90	185	100	80	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400
In a two-parent family	90	45	50	130	75	65	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805
In a one-parent family	100	55	40	50	30	20	585,820	317,400	268,415	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	65	35	25	180	85	95	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620
Living alone	30	20	15	140	65	75	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520
Living with other relatives⁷	20	15	5	15	5	5	165,070	74,060	91,005	927,345	393,085	534,260
Living with non-relatives only	10	10	5	20	10	10	268,810	158,325	110,485	1,526,645	878,800	647,840
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	145	...	...	330	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,945	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	90	...	...	160	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	8,932,695	...	...
Couple-family households	45	...	...	130	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	7,627,195	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	70	...	...	851,835	...	...	3,789,795	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	65	...	...	982,260	...	...	3,837,400	...	...
One-parent-family households	45	...	...	30	...	...	331,395	...	...	1,305,500	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	5	...	...	50,790	...	...	441,745	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	94,235	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	10	...	...	66,750	...	...	450,415	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	15	...	...	139,280	...	...	663,835	...	...
One-person households	30	...	...	140	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	290	135	155	555	270	285	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	270	125	145	540	265	280	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,000	32,000	43,200	43,200	43,200	40,800	44,800	37,200	41,200	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	270	125	145	540	265	280	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	30,600	30,200	38,400	37,200	39,200	36,400	39,200	33,600	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	205	100	110	500	240	260	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,200	29,200	19,200	35,200	39,200	33,200	33,600	39,600	28,000	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	185	90	95	395	205	190	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,600	30,800	20,800	42,000	40,400	42,400	36,000	40,400	31,600	37,200	43,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	255	115	140	455	205	245	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,900	9,900	16,000	10,400	9,200	11,500	11,500	10,200	12,300	9,800	8,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35	10	15	60	40	25	837,635	441,080	396,550	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	x	x	5,480	6,000	3,720	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,720	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	125	60	65	165	95	70	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,500	10,000	9,200	7,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	320	145	175	585	285	300	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	130	170	575	275	300	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,000	33,600	46,400	50,800	42,400	51,160	57,550	44,960	54,450	62,650	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	130	170	575	275	300	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	31,200	31,200	38,200	40,000	36,800	41,840	45,760	38,000	44,920	50,320	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	235	120	125	510	255	255	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,200	28,800	26,000	41,200	46,000	36,400	45,480	52,900	38,000	50,240	59,500	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	220	115	110	400	210	190	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,000	29,200	26,400	43,200	47,200	38,800	46,240	51,950	40,040	50,280	58,050	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	285	120	165	495	225	270	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,200	10,800	14,900	11,400	10,400	12,300	12,410	11,500	13,220	11,170	10,180	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45	20	25	50	25	20	837,180	441,665	395,515	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,700	3,200	4,000	4,200	3,600	5,200	7,040	6,380	7,780	7,050	6,710	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125	65	60	160	95	65	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	10,400	8,800	10,000	10,000	10,000	8,130	7,910	8,390	8,920	8,740	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	315	145	170	585	285	300	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	90	50	40	200	115	85	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	35,200	30,800	42,400	54,000	65,500	49,600	58,400	62,800	53,600	63,600	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	41,000	42,000	40,000	64,000	70,000	55,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	77,200	85,400	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	100	50	55	155	65	85	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	14,800	19,000	16,200	16,200	17,600	18,600	21,400	16,600	18,400	21,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	22,000	23,000	26,800	22,000	30,400	28,160	32,120	24,360	29,160	33,960	24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	63.0	72.0	56.0	79.0	84.0	74.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.0	70.0	52.0	65.5	72.0	58.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	66.8	70.6	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	36.5	28.0	44.0	21.2	16.8	26.0	20.1	15.8	25.6	17.8	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	0.8	0.7	0.9	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	13.2	15.6	11.2	6.8	7.0	6.5	5.4	4.8	6.1	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	11.6	15.0	9.0	6.0	6.6	5.2	4.6	4.3	5.1	4.7	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	285	135	150	550	270	280	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without total income	15	10	10	15	10	10	179,955	87,650	92,310	1,094,320	545,400	548,915
With total income	270	125	145	540	265	275	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	15	10	35	25	15	462,400	204,245	258,155	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310
$10,000 to $19,999	35	20	15	50	20	30	809,375	334,315	475,065	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945
$20,000 to $29,999	60	20	35	80	35	50	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570
$30,000 to $39,999	55	20	30	75	40	35	896,520	414,070	482,445	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375
$40,000 to $49,999	40	25	10	75	35	45	849,005	411,680	437,325	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	20	50	25	30	687,020	345,720	341,305	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	40	20	25	503,110	271,695	231,415	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	35	15	20	367,455	208,475	158,980	1,592,465	887,985	704,480
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	25	20	10	284,690	158,760	125,930	1,239,395	708,430	530,965
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	20	10	10	198,140	112,355	85,780	965,950	553,435	412,510
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	45	25	25	556,780	365,700	191,080	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625
$100,000 to $149,999	0	0	0	30	15	20	385,890	245,635	140,260	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	10	5	5	170,890	120,065	50,820	1,057,615	758,510	299,105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	285	135	150	550	270	280	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without after-tax income	15	10	10	15	10	10	177,960	86,610	91,355	1,079,955	537,800	542,155
With after-tax income	270	125	145	540	265	275	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	15	10	40	25	15	495,035	214,000	281,030	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725
$10,000 to $19,999	35	20	15	50	20	30	853,250	356,480	496,765	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855
$20,000 to $29,999	70	30	45	100	50	50	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	35	85	45	45	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250
$40,000 to $49,999	35	25	15	95	40	55	994,235	505,970	488,265	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	25	55	25	30	691,015	372,870	318,145	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	5	35	20	20	459,665	251,490	208,170	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	30	15	15	292,135	160,985	131,150	1,428,520	814,645	613,875
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	15	10	10	174,905	104,610	70,295	1,027,015	592,405	434,605
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	0	10	106,165	67,055	39,105	643,700	402,325	241,380
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	20	10	10	229,765	156,750	73,020	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	10	5	0	119,125	78,615	40,515	792,455	530,970	261,490
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	10	5	5	110,635	78,130	32,505	804,335	578,645	225,695
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	285	135	150	550	270	280	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without employment income	105	45	55	155	65	90	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450
With employment income	185	95	90	400	205	190	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25	10	10	60	35	25	644,075	331,770	312,300	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955
$5,000 to $9,999	15	5	10	25	15	15	401,185	180,585	220,595	1,739,570	765,825	973,750
$10,000 to $19,999	35	10	25	35	15	20	603,350	273,725	329,620	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810
$20,000 to $29,999	35	15	15	30	15	15	495,105	228,670	266,435	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050
$30,000 to $39,999	25	15	10	35	20	20	488,000	239,620	248,380	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190
$40,000 to $49,999	20	15	10	40	20	20	485,845	242,230	243,610	1,859,845	899,795	960,055
$50,000 to $59,999	15	5	5	25	15	15	403,980	217,425	186,560	1,640,805	842,030	798,780
$60,000 to $69,999	10	10	0	40	15	25	320,700	184,770	135,935	1,367,510	754,825	612,685
$70,000 to $79,999	0	0	0	30	15	15	250,635	147,020	103,615	1,099,625	637,060	462,570
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	20	10	5	218,100	120,085	98,020	929,490	539,395	390,095
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	5	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	760,035	439,505	320,530
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	35	20	20	422,055	285,910	136,145	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	20	10	10	205,085	133,500	71,585	1,129,445	714,235	415,210
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	20	10	5	216,965	152,410	64,555	1,288,265	936,805	351,460
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	290	135	155	555	270	285	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	265	125	140	530	255	265	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,200	25,400	25,200	40,000	40,800	39,200	38,400	43,200	34,000	39,200	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	265	125	140	530	255	265	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,200	25,200	23,800	36,000	36,800	35,600	34,000	37,600	30,600	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	200	95	105	480	240	240	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	21,600	26,800	17,800	35,600	39,600	34,000	34,800	40,400	29,200	36,800	44,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	180	85	95	405	215	190	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	22,800	28,200	21,000	36,000	36,000	36,800	36,400	41,200	31,800	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	245	110	135	415	185	235	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	4,000	11,100	4,560	3,060	6,900	7,800	5,640	9,100	4,240	1,960	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	10	10	45	25	20	727,165	390,255	336,910	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	x	x	4,640	4,880	x	5,000	4,760	5,280	5,720	5,560	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	320	145	175	585	285	300	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	300	125	170	545	260	290	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,000	27,200	27,000	42,600	46,800	38,800	48,600	55,500	41,880	52,350	61,250	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	300	125	170	545	260	290	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,200	24,400	25,800	35,400	37,600	33,200	39,600	44,000	35,320	42,920	49,000	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	230	105	130	470	230	235	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,800	28,000	20,400	41,400	46,400	36,400	45,920	53,800	37,920	51,040	60,800	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	210	100	115	395	200	190	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,600	29,200	22,800	40,600	45,600	35,200	46,240	52,450	39,520	50,560	58,800	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	280	120	165	450	185	265	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	5,300	12,200	8,680	7,000	9,900	9,450	8,430	10,320	7,950	6,990	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45	25	25	50	35	15	727,815	390,880	336,935	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	5,200	7,600	8,800	3,800	18,000	7,020	5,975	8,230	7,560	6,880	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	315	145	170	585	285	300	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	85	45	40	195	110	85	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	30,600	31,600	30,600	57,600	62,800	46,000	54,800	60,000	49,200	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	36,000	37,000	34,000	57,600	63,000	51,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	73,200	81,900	62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	90	40	55	140	60	80	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	29,400	15,500	14,200	10,000	17,800	23,600	27,200	21,000	24,200	28,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	28,000	18,500	26,000	23,000	29,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	35,200	41,280	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	68.0	80.0	56.0	83.0	90.0	77.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	87.6	91.2	83.0
Employment income (%)	67.0	80.0	56.0	68.5	76.0	60.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	71.8	75.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	32.5	18.0	43.0	16.8	10.8	23.6	14.9	10.8	20.2	12.3	8.9	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.6	3.2	4.0	1.7	1.0	2.5	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	140	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	69,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	59,600	...	...	63,200	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	30	...	...	140	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	24,600	...	...	40,800	...	...	38,800	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	24,600	...	...	36,000	...	...	34,400	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	115	...	...	185	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	10,582,930	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	76,400	...	...	92,000	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	75,200	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	165	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	4,394,500	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	24,000	...	...	41,600	...	...	47,680	...	...	53,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	20,000	...	...	36,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	44,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	185	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	10,584,445	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	109,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	140	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	165,175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	91,750	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	52,080	...	...	178,475	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	82,470	...	...	274,140	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	218,185	...	...	637,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	144,420	...	...	505,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	143,285	...	...	488,735	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	172,005	...	...	560,950	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	174,790	...	...	572,650	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	166,990	...	...	559,155	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	310,880	...	...	1,093,185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	280,505	...	...	1,044,715	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	255,770	...	...	986,460	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	235,235	...	...	921,205	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	208,320	...	...	844,835	...	...
$100,000 and over	25	...	...	95	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	6,053,945	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	414,805	...	...	1,753,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	282,590	...	...	1,283,445	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	307,835	...	...	1,545,935	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	15	...	...	239,060	...	...	1,471,075	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	140	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	40,590	...	...	186,735	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	95,195	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	53,600	...	...	183,430	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	87,695	...	...	289,545	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	234,875	...	...	681,900	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	177,135	...	...	589,110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	180,150	...	...	582,275	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	213,760	...	...	666,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	210,280	...	...	676,995	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	193,530	...	...	655,100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	356,325	...	...	1,285,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	322,530	...	...	1,223,830	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	289,580	...	...	1,137,840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	254,885	...	...	1,039,375	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	216,370	...	...	911,515	...	...
$100,000 and over	20	...	...	60	...	...	892,775	...	...	4,773,995	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	387,835	...	...	1,757,035	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	225,830	...	...	1,152,855	...	...
$150,000 and over	0	...	...	20	...	...	279,105	...	...	1,864,100	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	110	...	...	180	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	10,117,305	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	85,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.4	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	65	...	...	991,710	...	...	3,929,500	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	92,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	79,500	...	...	72,500	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	75	...	...	907,765	...	...	4,311,315	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	127,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.8	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	35	...	...	368,845	...	...	1,547,920	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	75,500	...	...	69,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	66,500	...	...	61,600	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	45	25	20	160	70	85	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	23,800	24,600	x	42,000	40,400	42,000	36,800	39,200	34,800	38,400	40,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	23,200	24,600	x	36,800	36,400	37,200	33,200	34,800	31,600	34,800	36,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	130	...	...	175	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	10,113,100	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	60	...	...	992,110	...	...	3,926,040	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	75	...	...	909,160	...	...	4,318,755	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	148,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	35	...	...	367,155	...	...	1,539,580	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	30	0	15	185	85	100	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	x	32,000	40,400	40,000	40,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	49,440	52,050	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,000	x	28,000	34,800	34,500	35,500	38,040	39,400	36,640	41,560	43,080	40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	410	195	215	670	330	340	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
0 to 17 years	145	70	70	135	70	65	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005
0 to 5 years	60	25	30	35	20	20	515,725	264,785	250,935	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775
18 to 64 years	235	120	125	440	230	215	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665
65 years and over	35	10	20	100	35	60	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	105	50	60	80	35	45	992,235	463,295	528,940	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765
0 to 17 years	45	20	20	5	5	5	159,530	82,000	77,530	854,565	439,490	415,075
0 to 5 years	25	15	10	0	0	0	53,105	27,240	25,870	282,315	144,250	138,065
18 to 64 years	50	25	30	45	20	25	515,470	256,435	259,035	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640
65 years and over	10	0	10	25	5	15	317,235	124,865	192,370	985,745	391,695	594,050
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	25.6	24.0	27.0	11.2	9.5	12.8	11.9	11.2	12.7	11.1	10.5	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	31.0	32.0	30.0	6.0	6.0	x	9.7	9.7	9.7	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	38.0	45.0	32.0	x	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	12.7	12.7	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	22.0	19.0	24.0	10.8	9.5	12.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	9.7	9.4	9.9
65 years and over (%)	28.0	x	30.0	22.0	16.0	24.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	15.0	12.7	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	415	200	215	675	330	340	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440
0 to 17 years	140	75	70	140	70	70	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505
0 to 5 years	60	30	30	40	15	20	511,400	262,535	248,860	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925
18 to 64 years	235	115	120	435	225	210	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865
65 years and over	35	10	25	100	35	65	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	65	35	35	50	20	30	439,850	223,055	216,795	1,863,335	950,150	913,180
0 to 17 years	25	20	10	5	0	5	61,665	31,610	30,060	319,545	164,490	155,060
0 to 5 years	15	10	5	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	99,435	50,875	48,560
18 to 64 years	30	15	20	30	15	15	313,970	167,015	146,955	1,344,640	702,660	641,975
65 years and over	5	5	5	15	0	10	64,210	24,430	39,780	199,155	83,010	116,145
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	16.0	17.0	15.0	7.2	6.0	8.5	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	19.0	24.0	16.0	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.5	4.6	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	28.0	30.0	25.0	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	4.6	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	12.0	14.0	7.2	7.0	8.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	6.0	6.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	25.0	x	20.0	12.0	x	16.0	4.0	3.3	4.7	3.1	2.7	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	410	200	215	670	330	340	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
In bottom half of the distribution	360	170	190	385	175	205	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345
In bottom decile	90	40	50	70	30	40	851,840	407,705	444,140	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070
In second decile	100	45	60	65	30	35	920,490	434,730	485,760	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660
In third decile	70	35	35	100	45	50	969,255	471,650	497,600	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735
In fourth decile	45	20	20	75	35	40	978,345	482,760	495,590	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210
In fifth decile	60	35	30	70	35	40	947,090	473,285	473,810	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670
In top half of the distribution	55	30	20	290	155	135	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900
In sixth decile	15	10	10	70	35	35	899,660	454,970	444,690	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535
In seventh decile	10	10	5	50	25	20	837,225	425,400	411,830	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230
In eighth decile	0	0	0	80	40	35	752,410	383,450	368,955	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530
In ninth decile	15	10	0	65	35	25	634,425	325,700	308,730	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415
In top decile	0	0	0	30	10	15	517,725	267,160	250,565	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	415	...	...	675	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	36,328,475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.266	...	...	0.304	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.500	...	...	0.429	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.462	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.239	...	...	0.263	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	415	200	215	675	330	340	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English only	25	10	15	15	10	5	445,575	228,840	216,735	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800
French only	255	125	130	245	115	125	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390
English and French	130	60	65	410	205	200	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	0	0	82,075	35,200	46,875	689,725	284,170	405,555
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	415	200	215	675	330	340	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	45	20	25	75	40	30	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025
French	330	160	165	550	265	285	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110
English and French	30	15	15	45	30	20	329,515	169,050	160,465	476,175	237,635	238,535
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	0	0	79,000	33,590	45,410	673,100	275,685	397,420
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	415	200	215	675	330	340	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	380	185	195	640	310	325	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600
Official languages	200	105	95	470	225	250	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510
English	25	10	10	30	20	10	639,365	323,170	316,195	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835
French	180	100	80	445	210	240	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675
Non-official languages	175	80	100	165	85	80	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	148,895	71,630	77,265
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	97,125	46,545	50,580
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	67,665	32,715	34,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	5,500	2,825	2,670
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	53,070	25,645	27,430
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	155	70	85
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	580	300	280
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	3,460	1,675	1,785
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	2,475	1,075	1,395
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	5,025	2,345	2,675
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	2,850	1,370	1,480
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	38,535	18,810	19,725
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	8,465	3,930	4,535
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	625	310	315
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	5,155	2,415	2,745
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	4,910	2,290	2,620
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	245	125	120
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	21,775	10,230	11,550
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	865	400	460
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	9,310	4,525	4,790
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	11,605	5,300	6,300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	470	235	235
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,880	850	1,030
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	9,185	4,190	4,995
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	12,885	6,200	6,680
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	12,785	6,155	6,630
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	175	70	105
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	1,505	755	755
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	840	440	400
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	33,790	16,480	17,315
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	33,200	16,240	16,955
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	355	150	205
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	275	115	155
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	1,035	515	515
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	590	300	290
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	60	25	35
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	180	75	100
Non-Indigenous languages	175	80	100	165	85	80	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	65	35	30	233,220	122,895	110,320	698,355	359,625	338,730
Berber languages	5	0	5	15	5	10	25,990	13,860	12,130	27,490	14,715	12,775
Kabyle	5	0	5	15	5	10	23,735	12,570	11,165	24,760	13,130	11,625
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	2,340	1,365	975
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	395	225	170
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	1,985	1,085	905
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	1,315	740	570
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	675	340	335
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	1,015	510	505
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	49,410	23,275	26,135
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	2,020	1,085	935
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	5,905	3,015	2,890
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	40,730	18,775	21,955
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	755	400	350
Semitic languages	20	10	10	50	25	20	204,600	107,735	96,865	618,450	320,045	298,405
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	25,685	12,090	13,600
Arabic	20	10	10	45	25	20	198,785	104,765	94,020	508,410	265,350	243,060
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	27,690	13,465	14,220
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	17,220	8,320	8,900
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	8,860	4,335	4,525
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	1,600	805	795
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	1,220	550	675
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	19,495	10,505	8,995
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	4,425	2,080	2,340
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	31,075	15,775	15,300
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	450	235	220
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	192,985	87,230	105,750
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	19,525	8,820	10,705
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	173,000	78,180	94,820
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	460	230	225
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	565,375	238,875	326,500
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	2,115	940	1,180
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	175	290	8,215	3,425	4,790
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	18,945	7,800	11,145
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	605	325	280
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	205	385	9,690	3,900	5,795
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	33,520	14,140	19,380
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	11,910	4,990	6,920
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,100	465	640
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	670	275	395
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	2,085	990	1,090
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	1,245	580	670
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	835	415	425
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	1,330	570	760
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	5,615	2,635	2,980
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	2,050	900	1,150
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	461,150	194,805	266,345
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	1,625	690	935
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	4,740	2,035	2,705
Creole languages	75	35	35	5	5	5	62,640	28,375	34,265	78,235	35,650	42,580
Haitian Creole	55	25	25	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	52,435	23,355	29,085
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	600	315	290
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	795	365	435
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	6,125	3,015	3,110
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	580	280	300
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	15,550	7,325	8,230
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	2,135	1,000	1,140
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	244,165	125,180	118,990
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	6,240	3,215	3,020
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	54,050	29,375	24,670
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	152,850	75,010	77,845
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	30,045	17,095	12,950
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	615	310	305
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	370	170	195
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	2,180	1,175	1,005
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	565	265	305
Indo-European languages	70	30	45	75	45	35	595,790	290,670	305,115	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	29,265	14,690	14,580
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	33,720	16,335	17,385
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	68,295	30,855	37,435	648,810	297,100	351,710
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	10,560	4,425	6,135
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	4,430	1,875	2,555
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	6,130	2,555	3,580
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	67,565	30,570	36,995	638,250	292,670	345,580
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	720	325	395
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	19,035	9,090	9,950
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	20,025	9,215	10,815
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	14,795	7,075	7,720
Polish	0	0	0	5	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	160,170	72,120	88,050
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	197,905	89,100	108,800
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	500	240	255
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	116,735	56,900	59,835
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	13,820	6,785	7,040
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	43,500	20,755	22,740
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	57,425	28,410	29,015
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	1,995	945	1,045
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	15,255	6,930	8,320
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	7,965	3,425	4,535
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	84,705	38,005	46,695
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	440	235	205
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	2,150	1,110	1,045
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	665	355	315
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	425	210	210
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	825	410	420
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	230	135	95
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	463,400	221,365	242,035
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	1,570	800	775
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	301,570	142,580	158,990
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	272,865	128,250	144,615
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	7,575	3,740	3,835
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	12,060	6,060	6,005
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	138,655	67,815	70,840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	12,270	6,175	6,095
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	80,315	39,000	41,310
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	1,270	650	625
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	33,200	16,410	16,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	2,935	1,325	1,605
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	20,275	9,500	10,775
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	9,945	4,750	5,195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	905	430	480
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	3,535	1,675	1,860
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	5,890	2,645	3,245
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	1,330	670	660
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	93,335	45,860	47,470
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	5	10	5	5	101,450	52,780	48,665	1,659,505	847,400	812,105
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	5	5	5	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	1,358,645	697,075	661,575
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	545	265	280
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	87,580	45,160	42,425
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	138,985	73,335	65,655
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	152,825	79,585	73,240
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	6,930	3,100	3,830
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	745	395	350
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	3,425	1,675	1,745
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	14,145	7,330	6,810
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	23,425	11,920	11,510
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	1,775	940	835
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	1,125	615	510
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	645	325	320
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	5	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	666,585	341,515	325,065
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	545	265	280
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	3,985	2,070	1,915
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	18,000	8,895	9,110
Urdu	0	0	0	5	5	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	235,290	118,540	116,755
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	3,865	2,085	1,780
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	300,555	150,160	150,390
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	555	305	250
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	16,485	8,770	7,715
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	555	310	240
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	19,520	10,170	9,355
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	262,625	130,180	132,440
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	57,220	28,070	29,155
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	179,425	89,070	90,360
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	25,975	13,040	12,930
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	815	425	390
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	305	165	140
Italic (Romance) languages	65	25	35	55	35	25	346,000	167,870	178,130	1,194,290	574,295	619,995
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	905	470	440
Italian	5	5	5	5	5	0	90,940	44,080	46,865	319,505	154,295	165,205
Portuguese	5	0	5	10	5	5	41,545	19,890	21,650	240,680	115,235	125,450
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	93,160	44,185	48,975
Spanish	50	20	30	40	25	15	177,155	86,490	90,660	538,870	259,500	279,375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	1,165	610	550
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	385	195	185
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	43,850	14,205	29,650
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	170,400	77,075	93,325
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	1,850	800	1,050
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	108,295	52,850	55,440
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	490	490	13,120	6,400	6,720
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	1,855	1,000	860
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	1,685	745	940
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	1,955	1,030	920
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	3,520	1,825	1,695
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	815	400	415
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	1,890	885	1,010
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	760	320	440
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	5,175	2,720	2,460
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	7,380	3,365	4,015
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	4,260	1,925	2,335
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	520	245	275
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	515	260	260
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	695	365	325
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	920	420	500
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	8,660	4,035	4,625
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	3,605	1,665	1,940
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	175	95	505	315	190
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	520	200	320
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	16,000	7,630	8,370
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	1,030	495	535
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	4,890	2,605	2,285
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	470	410	15,015	7,605	7,410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	13,000	6,405	6,590
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	6,920	3,565	3,355
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	1,865	1,000	865
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	3,395	1,745	1,645
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	575	305	270
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	6,955	3,710	3,250
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	4,965	2,635	2,335
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	990	520	465
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	1,005	555	450
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	87,540	40,170	47,375	1,309,825	602,025	707,800
Chinese languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	87,155	39,990	47,160	1,292,640	593,580	699,055
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	9,765	4,420	5,345
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	5	5	57,445	26,210	31,235	679,255	310,750	368,510
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	1,310	665	645
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	27,805	12,415	15,390
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	8,880	3,995	4,880
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	553,380	255,540	297,835
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	11,610	5,500	6,110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	630	295	330
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	16,600	8,160	8,445
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	3,305	1,590	1,710
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	870	400	475
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	4,520	2,240	2,275
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	3,900	1,940	1,960
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	7,025	3,475	3,545
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	890	445	440
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	585	285	295
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	22,350	8,605	13,745
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	11,485	5,475	6,010
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	10,455	2,960	7,495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	410	165	240
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	53,520	28,385	25,135
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	4,490	2,460	2,030
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	540	230	305
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	44,190	23,615	20,570
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	1,355	660	690
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	1,805	890	920
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	1,150	530	620
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	68,180	31,000	37,180
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	4,485	1,945	2,535
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	12,200	5,075	7,120
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	51,500	23,980	27,525
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	1,060	540	520
Multiple responses	35	10	20	35	20	15	308,550	155,455	153,095	1,475,690	719,210	756,480
English and French	0	0	5	15	5	5	126,405	64,585	61,820	291,325	142,420	148,905
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	921,480	450,685	470,800
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	15	15	5	94,205	46,880	47,320	117,910	57,875	60,040
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	52,880	25,900	26,975
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	9,765	4,625	5,140	92,095	42,330	49,765
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	415	200	215	675	330	340	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	20	10	10	20	10	10	623,305	313,780	309,520	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270
French	175	95	80	420	200	220	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685
Non-official language	55	25	30	40	15	20	366,730	177,410	189,315	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	50,460	25,385	25,080
Non-Indigenous	55	25	30	40	15	20	343,650	165,830	177,825	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240
English and French	20	10	15	50	35	15	497,380	256,735	240,645	953,760	465,560	488,205
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	30	20	15	205,755	102,290	103,470	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	75	35	40	375,795	179,585	196,210	395,320	188,195	207,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	30	15	15	284,940	141,275	143,665	455,760	217,995	237,770
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	200,320	93,165	107,155
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	415	200	215	675	330	340	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	350	175	180	600	285	315	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035
Official languages	260	135	130	530	255	275	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850
English	25	10	15	45	25	20	874,185	438,570	435,615	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485
French	240	125	115	485	230	255	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365
Non-official languages	90	40	45	70	35	35	662,615	322,860	339,750	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	85,835	42,950	42,885
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	50,135	25,010	25,120
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	38,255	19,165	19,090
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	4,345	2,285	2,060
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	26,700	13,425	13,270
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	50	30	30
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	560	300	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	2,545	1,225	1,315
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	665	305	360
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	1,455	730	725
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	830	430	405
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	20,585	10,400	10,180
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	6,710	3,190	3,520
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	505	260	245
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	2,650	1,250	1,395
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	2,595	1,225	1,365
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	55	25	25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	8,250	4,100	4,155
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	230	105	120
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	4,540	2,305	2,235
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	145	70	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	7,260	3,675	3,585
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	7,230	3,655	3,575
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	705	390	315
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	395	220	175
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	27,295	13,695	13,600
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	27,140	13,625	13,520
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	100	45	55
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	70	25	40
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	15	10	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	85	40	40
Non-Indigenous languages	90	40	45	70	35	35	628,365	305,820	322,555	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	116,685	59,645	57,040	395,840	197,010	198,830
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	11,295	5,940	5,355
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	10,180	5,325	4,850
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	840	455	380
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	280	155	130
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	835	425	410
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	635	330	305
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	200	95	105
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	545	265	280
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	30,375	14,115	16,260
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	1,645	890	760
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	24,410	11,075	13,335
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	425	215	205
Semitic languages	0	0	0	20	10	5	104,890	53,505	51,380	352,790	176,270	176,520
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	14,030	6,470	7,565
Arabic	0	0	0	15	5	5	102,120	52,125	49,990	285,915	143,650	142,260
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	20,740	9,940	10,800
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	12,935	6,150	6,785
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	6,585	3,185	3,400
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	1,220	605	615
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	8,515	4,355	4,160
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	795	360	435
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	21,860	11,050	10,810
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	250	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	127,730	58,660	69,070
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	10,650	4,765	5,880
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	116,785	53,735	63,055
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	300	160	135
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	326,245	149,550	176,700
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	760	370	395
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	4,125	1,895	2,230
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	10,195	4,720	5,480
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	5,015	2,265	2,750
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	18,350	8,350	10,000
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	4,150	1,985	2,170
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	585	265	320
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	320	150	170
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	725	370	355
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	330	165	170
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	390	205	190
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	280	145	140
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	3,030	1,435	1,590
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	680	310	375
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	275,045	125,870	149,170
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	680	325	360
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	2,100	1,000	1,105
Creole languages	35	20	20	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	35,195	15,455	19,740
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	22,610	9,620	12,990
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	300	125	175
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	3,640	1,760	1,880
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	295	135	160
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	7,120	3,275	3,845
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	870	395	475
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	169,705	85,265	84,440
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	3,060	1,575	1,485
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	35,390	19,010	16,380
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	112,335	54,240	58,095
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	18,470	10,215	8,250
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	240	120	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	205	105	105
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	1,335	730	610
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120
Indo-European languages	40	15	25	35	15	20	336,635	164,100	172,535	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	14,110	7,005	7,100
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	21,970	10,415	11,550
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	303,480	143,495	159,985
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	2,495	1,120	1,380
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	880	395	485
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	1,615	720	895
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	300,985	142,375	158,610
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	215	100	115
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	10,315	5,005	5,310
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	5,680	2,705	2,980
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	6,105	2,880	3,225
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	65,140	30,225	34,915
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	125,780	59,290	66,490
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	53,150	25,720	27,430
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	6,480	3,135	3,345
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	14,925	6,965	7,960
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	31,110	15,310	15,800
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	640	315	325
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	5,015	2,410	2,605
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	1,375	595	785
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	27,825	13,250	14,580
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	95	55	40
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	555	295	265
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	310	165	145
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	105	55	55
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	100	55	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	40	25	15
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	140,450	68,575	71,875
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	270	110	155
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	103,780	50,460	53,325
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	86,820	41,815	45,005
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	115	1,750	870	875
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	7,950	4,140	3,810
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	33,710	16,730	16,980
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	6,095	3,055	3,035
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	8,100	3,950	4,150
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	220	100	120
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	1,940	920	1,020
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	615	280	340
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	175	75	95
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	260	125	135
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	890	435	450
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	740	355	390
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	38,300	17,490	20,810
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	1,167,370	590,435	576,930
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	962,820	490,815	472,000
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	215	110	110
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	56,750	28,435	28,315
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	92,005	47,790	44,215
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	91,930	47,555	44,375
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	3,055	1,310	1,750
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	270	130	140
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	880	415	470
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	7,460	3,800	3,660
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	445	430	16,835	8,595	8,235
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	795	420	375
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	525	275	250
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	5	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	520,390	266,775	253,610
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	410	195	215
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	2,110	1,060	1,050
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	9,665	4,775	4,890
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	158,040	78,420	79,615
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	2,015	1,040	975
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	204,420	99,545	104,875
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	10,380	5,245	5,135
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	280	130	150
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	13,215	6,670	6,545
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	179,745	87,075	92,670
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	36,190	17,395	18,795
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	125,840	61,060	64,780
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	17,715	8,620	9,095
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	475	250	225
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	125	70	55
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	20	25	10	15	182,585	88,060	94,525	577,735	273,965	303,770
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	370	185	190
Italian	0	0	5	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	92,755	38,750	54,005
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	5	5	20,885	9,965	10,920	118,730	56,685	62,045
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	48,090	23,135	24,955
Spanish	35	15	20	15	5	10	112,915	55,870	57,050	317,365	155,005	162,360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	425	210	220
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	190	95	95
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	20,055	8,290	11,765
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	125,525	58,250	67,275
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	1,050	505	545
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	38,600	18,055	20,545
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	235	245	6,000	2,755	3,240
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	560	280	280
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	365	150	215
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	470	225	245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	445	410	1,315	665	650
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	260	115	150
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	555	260	295
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,530	770	765
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	2,720	1,205	1,520
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	410	525	1,520	655	860
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	90	35	60
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	70	30	35
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	160	85	75
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	295	130	160
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	3,780	1,760	2,025
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	1,035	480	555
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	235	145	85
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	130	45	85
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	7,055	3,290	3,765
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	290	130	160
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	1,945	1,040	910
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	5,395	2,505	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	2,720	1,250	1,470
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	3,155	1,555	1,600
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	645	295	355
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	1,465	705	760
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	140	75	70
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	12,160	7,005	5,160
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	8,175	4,660	3,515
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	1,475	830	645
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	2,520	1,515	1,000
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	67,120	31,725	35,390	967,965	450,210	517,755
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	66,880	31,610	35,275	955,685	444,115	511,565
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	3,625	1,645	1,985
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	5	5	46,925	22,275	24,650	530,945	249,675	281,270
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	775	370	405
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	13,945	6,255	7,685
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	5,750	2,705	3,050
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	393,430	180,000	213,435
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	6,985	3,360	3,625
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	225	110	115
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	11,990	5,960	6,035
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	2,075	1,010	1,070
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	660	320	340
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	3,400	1,725	1,675
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	2,960	1,500	1,460
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	5,395	2,680	2,705
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	465	225	240
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	290	135	155
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	10,120	4,660	5,460
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	5,955	2,850	3,105
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	3,955	1,725	2,230
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	210	85	125
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	32,490	16,530	15,960
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	2,200	1,095	1,105
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	105	55	50
Turkish	5	5	0	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	27,970	14,290	13,685
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	85	850	420	435
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	950	470	480
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	410	195	210
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	18,790	8,625	10,165
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	615	245	370
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	1,880	825	1,050
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	16,295	7,550	8,745
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	390	195	195
Multiple responses	60	30	35	70	45	25	357,245	176,070	181,175	1,563,345	758,295	805,045
English and French	20	10	15	15	15	5	137,120	69,025	68,095	230,955	112,070	118,880
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	10	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	1,123,355	546,255	577,095
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	35	15	20	116,595	56,445	60,150	125,525	60,405	65,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	10	5	0	39,875	19,575	20,300	56,805	27,370	29,430
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	26,705	12,190	14,515
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	415	200	210	675	330	340	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085
None	310	155	150	550	265	280	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980
English	10	5	5	40	25	15	353,690	183,470	170,225	1,956,965	969,380	987,580
French	20	5	10	25	20	10	259,425	127,380	132,040	571,040	268,530	302,510
Non-official language	55	25	30	40	15	25	269,715	129,830	139,890	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	63,565	29,285	34,280
Non-Indigenous	55	25	30	40	15	25	264,405	127,330	137,070	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975
English and French	5	5	0	10	5	5	61,955	31,425	30,525	86,185	42,600	43,585
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	5	5	0	76,755	38,765	37,990	323,845	161,995	161,850
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,860	26,915	28,945	134,565	61,575	72,995
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	11,870	5,975	5,895
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	234,905	115,470	119,430
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	440	200	235	690	340	350	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310
Official languages	435	200	230	685	340	345	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360
English	190	105	85	440	210	230	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470
French	400	185	215	645	315	330	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875
Non-official languages	265	120	145	305	155	155	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	243,155	116,360	126,795
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	163,815	78,135	85,675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	105,850	50,975	54,870
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	6,815	3,455	3,360
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	87,875	42,340	45,530
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	420	220	200
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	895	450	445
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	4,880	2,320	2,555
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	4,675	2,025	2,645
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	12,005	5,440	6,555
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	5,110	2,460	2,650
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	61,000	29,930	31,070
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	10,745	4,935	5,805
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	1,035	515	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	10,035	4,770	5,260
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	9,245	4,370	4,880
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	42,865	20,015	22,850
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	1,950	895	1,060
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	15,305	7,450	7,855
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	26,160	11,930	14,235
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	2,035	875	1,165
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	3,625	1,670	1,955
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	20,720	9,495	11,225
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	165	100	65
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	20,390	9,635	10,755
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	20,135	9,515	10,620
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	295	115	180
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	2,330	1,140	1,190
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	415	195	215
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	1,210	620	590
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	480	265	220
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	245	130	115
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	290	140	150
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	42,795	20,980	21,820
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	1,140	505	630
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	795	365	430
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	41,680	20,495	21,185
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	70	30	40
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	2,055	880	1,175
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	1,605	655	950
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	65	35	25
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	1,905	850	1,050
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	5,305	2,555	2,755
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	1,090	510	580
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	360	190	175
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	2,965	1,465	1,495
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	2,665	1,335	1,335
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	1,110	595	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	2,205	1,010	1,200
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	645	310	335
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	855	405	450
Non-Indigenous languages	265	120	145	305	155	155	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25	115	50	65	385,210	201,105	184,100	1,100,035	565,845	534,195
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	10	20	39,965	21,145	18,820	42,835	22,775	20,060
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	10	20	35,660	18,725	16,930	37,415	19,660	17,755
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	4,735	2,720	2,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	1,330	750	575
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	7,090	3,740	3,350
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	5,080	2,695	2,380
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	2,010	1,040	965
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	3,690	1,790	1,900
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	71,930	34,430	37,500
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	2,745	1,490	1,260
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	9,635	4,860	4,780
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	59,005	27,735	31,270
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	1,400	760	645
Semitic languages	50	30	25	95	50	55	363,875	190,005	173,870	1,015,485	524,700	490,780
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	48,305	23,910	24,395
Arabic	50	30	25	95	50	55	343,675	179,750	163,930	838,045	436,510	401,540
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	39,655	19,690	19,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	23,865	11,765	12,100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	13,285	6,625	6,655
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	3,195	1,625	1,570
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	2,000	925	1,075
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	83,205	42,515	40,685
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	6,535	3,080	3,450
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	45,970	23,120	22,845
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	1,760	1,065	695
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	260,030	120,035	139,995
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	28,390	13,100	15,290
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	232,800	107,435	125,355
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	910	455	455
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	793,275	336,445	456,840
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	4,260	1,975	2,275
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	10,990	4,625	6,375
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	33,045	13,790	19,250
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,765	900	865
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	16,385	6,650	9,735
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	61,680	25,280	36,400
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	19,815	8,895	10,915
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	1,950	770	1,175
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	860	345	510
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	3,885	1,960	1,920
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	2,355	1,215	1,140
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	1,565	785	780
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	10,770	4,995	5,775
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	10,555	4,690	5,865
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	4,455	1,885	2,575
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	737,565	310,735	426,830
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	4,520	1,910	2,610
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	20,140	8,785	11,355
Creole languages	165	75	90	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	184,840	85,045	99,790
Haitian Creole	160	70	85	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	134,895	61,215	73,680
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	4,875	2,200	2,675
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	1,955	870	1,090
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	15,345	7,620	7,725
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	1,535	785	750
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	31,220	14,400	16,825
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	9,585	4,575	5,005
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	359,485	185,160	174,325
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	18,420	9,660	8,760
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	77,910	42,025	35,890
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	237,890	119,570	118,320
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	54,685	30,575	24,110
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	1,765	935	835
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	970	450	520
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	3,015	1,565	1,445
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	720	365	360
Indo-European languages	55	20	40	175	95	80	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	38,345	19,410	18,935
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	44,500	21,675	22,825
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	820,305	384,390	435,915
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	13,890	5,900	7,985
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	6,020	2,595	3,425
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	7,895	3,325	4,570
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	809,985	380,025	429,960
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	2,825	1,185	1,640
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	24,210	11,805	12,400
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	28,625	13,595	15,030
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	23,015	10,965	12,050
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	204,460	94,135	110,325
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	309,235	145,375	163,860
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	680	345	330
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	155,775	76,800	78,975
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	25,380	12,555	12,825
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	73,845	36,015	37,830
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	83,735	41,550	42,185
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	3,085	1,590	1,500
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	20,905	9,455	11,450
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	10,650	4,715	5,935
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	131,655	59,230	72,425
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	770	385	385
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	10,485	5,430	5,055
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	5,360	2,940	2,415
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	2,170	1,050	1,120
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	2,170	1,015	1,155
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	910	495	415
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	658,705	319,800	338,905
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	2,835	1,480	1,350
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	453,995	222,215	231,780
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	419,195	204,840	214,355
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	10,465	5,025	5,440
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	20,155	10,105	10,045
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	191,840	93,435	98,405
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	29,670	15,335	14,335
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	107,985	51,330	56,650
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	41,165	20,590	20,575
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	3,985	1,825	2,155
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	37,500	17,205	20,300
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	14,700	6,805	7,900
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	1,475	685	790
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	8,860	4,180	4,675
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	14,620	6,765	7,855
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	1,275	720	555
Greek	0	0	0	20	0	15	50,375	24,835	25,540	145,060	71,685	73,375
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	1,918,570	989,350	929,220
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	1,155	590	565
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	120,605	62,330	58,270
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	209,415	110,000	99,405
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	761,425	395,410	366,015
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	15,085	6,785	8,300
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	1,830	965	865
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	8,950	4,300	4,645
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	35,230	18,210	17,020
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	30,660	15,680	14,980
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	3,235	1,665	1,570
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	1,710	925	785
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	1,550	755	795
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	942,170	488,075	454,090
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	765	345	420
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	8,385	4,480	3,910
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	33,050	16,645	16,400
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	414,870	211,895	202,975
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	11,320	6,280	5,040
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	370,520	186,750	183,770
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	24,035	13,005	11,030
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	1,000	535	470
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	31,695	16,810	14,885
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	326,285	163,665	162,620
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	78,220	38,765	39,460
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	222,160	111,750	110,415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	30,345	15,460	14,880
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	1,830	970	855
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	2,135	1,245	895
Italic (Romance) languages	50	15	35	140	75	65	684,830	324,095	360,735	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	2,855	1,560	1,305
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	547,655	263,950	283,705
Portuguese	15	0	0	10	10	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	336,865	164,985	171,880
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	116,520	55,570	60,950
Spanish	35	15	20	120	65	55	453,905	210,400	243,505	1,171,450	548,315	623,135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	4,890	2,835	2,060
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	1,965	1,025	940
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	98,070	43,380	54,690
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	203,885	92,275	111,605
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	2,545	1,085	1,455
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	267,520	131,495	136,025
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	26,240	12,585	13,660
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	4,950	2,570	2,380
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	4,945	2,315	2,630
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	4,645	2,490	2,165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	7,840	4,100	3,740
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	3,255	1,565	1,685
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	4,650	2,055	2,600
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	1,850	750	1,100
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	18,365	9,345	9,020
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	13,515	6,305	7,210
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	25,720	12,260	13,460
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	2,695	1,300	1,395
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	2,085	1,055	1,035
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	1,080	585	490
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	2,425	1,140	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	14,825	7,070	7,755
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	7,280	3,440	3,845
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	375	195	1,010	650	360
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	1,305	580	725
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	57,295	28,950	28,340
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	2,820	1,440	1,380
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	12,940	6,925	6,015
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	50,935	25,265	25,675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	43,625	21,935	21,685
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	11,090	5,570	5,530
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	1,490	685	805
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	6,815	3,425	3,385
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	2,760	1,485	1,275
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	49,535	19,685	29,850
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	37,620	14,430	23,195
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	6,195	2,525	3,670
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	7,450	3,515	3,940
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	107,415	49,840	57,575	1,550,930	721,520	829,410
Chinese languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	106,915	49,630	57,285	1,528,860	710,700	818,160
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	14,830	6,845	7,980
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	10	10	80,520	37,100	43,420	987,300	452,995	534,305
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	1,825	840	980
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	51,755	22,840	28,920
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	13,660	6,060	7,600
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	724,925	335,185	389,740
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	11,720	5,695	6,020
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	1,185	560	625
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	22,300	10,955	11,345
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	5,935	2,910	3,025
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	5,705	2,790	2,915
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	5,030	2,490	2,545
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	845	395	450
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	9,160	4,565	4,590
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	1,940	890	1,050
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	1,220	540	680
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	33,705	14,255	19,440
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	17,630	8,320	9,310
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	18,575	6,955	11,615
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	800	330	465
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	91,375	47,575	43,800
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	9,875	5,380	4,490
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	1,415	600	815
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	78,500	41,130	37,365
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	155	200	1,660	790	875
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	3,290	1,645	1,640
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	2,150	980	1,165
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	85,055	39,290	45,765
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	5,315	2,320	2,990
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	15,325	6,735	8,590
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	64,625	30,320	34,300
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	5,545	2,750	2,790
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	435	200	235	690	340	350	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	10	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	1,807,250	877,645	929,605
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	10	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	1,743,165	847,385	895,785
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	1,048,405	506,515	541,890
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	624,220	306,220	318,000
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	70,540	34,645	35,895
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	28,855	13,645	15,215
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	35,225	16,620	18,610
Non-Indigenous identity	430	200	230	685	335	345	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	435	200	235	690	340	350	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	831,720	402,310	429,405
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	430	200	230	690	340	350	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Owner	15	...	...	125	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	9,955,975	...	...
Renter	120	...	...	225	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	4,953,840	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	69,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Condominium	20	...	...	50	...	...	515,590	...	...	2,248,280	...	...
Not condominium	125	...	...	300	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	12,730,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	132,060	...	...
1 bedroom	15	...	...	95	...	...	623,295	...	...	2,124,485	...	...
2 bedrooms	15	...	...	130	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	3,829,965	...	...
3 bedrooms	115	...	...	90	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	4,982,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	25	...	...	730,330	...	...	3,909,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	30	...	...	175	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	4,662,125	...	...
5 rooms	90	...	...	90	...	...	645,635	...	...	2,323,910	...	...
6 rooms	15	...	...	35	...	...	435,225	...	...	2,037,185	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	20	...	...	403,225	...	...	1,796,855	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	30	...	...	886,180	...	...	4,158,855	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...	5.8	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One person or fewer per room	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	14,625,230	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	353,715	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Suitable	105	...	...	340	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	14,173,290	...	...
Not suitable	30	...	...	10	...	...	142,775	...	...	805,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1960 or before	15	...	...	205	...	...	879,375	...	...	3,027,045	...	...
1961 to 1980	90	...	...	85	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	4,171,840	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	15	...	...	509,120	...	...	1,982,515	...	...
1991 to 2000	20	...	...	15	...	...	385,315	...	...	1,805,985	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	15	...	...	198,595	...	...	959,860	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	1,034,925	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	967,540	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	1,029,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	135	...	...	320	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	14,059,395	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	30	...	...	236,110	...	...	919,545	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One-maintainer household	65	...	...	225	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	7,659,700	...	...
Two-maintainer household	45	...	...	110	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	6,631,755	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	35	...	...	10	...	...	89,875	...	...	687,485	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	10	...	...	117,525	...	...	424,695	...	...
25 to 34 years	35	...	...	55	...	...	525,540	...	...	2,077,895	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	60	...	...	647,165	...	...	2,600,000	...	...
45 to 54 years	25	...	...	65	...	...	628,630	...	...	2,646,945	...	...
55 to 64 years	10	...	...	70	...	...	760,395	...	...	3,046,560	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	50	...	...	629,965	...	...	2,432,140	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	35	...	...	336,170	...	...	1,292,805	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	103,640	...	...	457,900	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	145	...	...	345	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	14,687,350	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	95	...	...	260	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	11,612,640	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	90	...	...	595,690	...	...	3,074,715	...	...
30% to less than 100%	40	...	...	90	...	...	542,060	...	...	2,742,920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	140	...	...	350	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	115	...	...	901,440	...	...	4,379,420	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	45	...	...	80	...	...	537,090	...	...	2,728,995	...	...
Not suitable only	25	...	...	10	...	...	112,775	...	...	595,110	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	15	...	...	179,840	...	...	645,465	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	135,770	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	10	...	...	41,740	...	...	199,355	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	64,095	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	10,630	...	...
Acceptable housing	65	...	...	230	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	10,599,520	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	135	...	...	345	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	14,355,555	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	55	...	...	218,275	...	...	1,451,025	...	...
Not in core need	115	...	...	295	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	12,904,530	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20	...	...	120	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	9,807,720	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	100.0	...	...	62.5	...	...	62.2	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	75.0	...	...	33.3	...	...	10.0	...	...	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,400	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,400	...	...	1,500	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,498	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	x	...	...	600,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	610,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	618,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	225	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	4,936,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.0	...	...	22.2	...	...	25.2	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.7	...	...	17.8	...	...	11.9	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	830	...	...	810	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	910	...	...	886	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	69,130	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	284	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	327	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	435	205	235	690	345	350	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	985,200	480,950	504,245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	963,705	470,850	492,855
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	763,230	371,400	391,825
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	146,010	72,680	73,325
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	54,475	26,770	27,700
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	21,490	10,095	11,395
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	17,665	8,215	9,450
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	2,430	1,185	1,250
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	1,070	530	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	320	165	155
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	30	15	15	203,425	96,595	106,830	1,219,285	585,590	633,690
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	30	15	15	200,985	95,520	105,460	1,183,350	568,980	614,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	10	177,925	84,210	93,720	801,630	384,550	417,075
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	362,130	174,975	187,150
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	19,595	9,450	10,150
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	35,930	16,605	19,320
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	31,815	14,790	17,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	2,785	1,190	1,595
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	1,005	500	505
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	330	125	210
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	415	195	220	660	325	335	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	435	205	230	690	340	350	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	315	125	185	610	300	315	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315
Canadian citizens aged under 18	120	50	70	100	60	40	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	195	75	120	510	240	270	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	125	75	45	80	45	35	518,265	264,490	253,775	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	435	205	230	690	340	350	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	200	80	125	465	215	255	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610
Immigrants⁸¹	175	80	95	185	110	80	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340
Before 1980	15	0	15	10	0	0	187,200	91,895	95,300	1,540,610	731,340	809,265
1980 to 1990	20	10	15	20	15	0	124,610	61,850	62,755	924,320	443,805	480,520
1991 to 2000	55	20	40	35	25	10	190,495	91,635	98,860	1,511,475	708,315	803,165
2001 to 2010	30	20	10	30	20	15	312,210	150,825	161,390	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340
2011 to 2021⁸²	55	35	20	90	50	40	396,090	192,745	203,340	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055
2011 to 2015	35	15	20	50	30	20	193,345	93,485	99,855	1,126,330	536,615	589,715
2016 to 2021	20	20	0	35	20	15	202,740	99,260	103,480	1,328,240	644,900	683,335
Non-permanent residents⁸³	60	40	15	30	15	20	205,770	113,500	92,275	924,850	499,490	425,365
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	175	80	95	185	110	80	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Under 5 years	0	0	0	10	10	0	112,295	56,755	55,540	748,265	377,795	370,470
5 to 14 years	40	30	15	35	25	0	201,385	101,555	99,835	1,438,440	730,675	707,765
15 to 24 years	25	15	15	25	20	0	213,035	96,175	116,860	1,594,290	720,630	873,660
25 to 44 years	90	35	50	100	40	60	594,845	292,975	301,875	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525
45 years and over	15	0	10	20	15	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	797,180	364,260	432,920
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	175	80	95	185	110	80	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Americas	130	55	75	50	45	10	264,885	121,740	143,145	1,203,180	546,325	656,855
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	48,450	22,405	26,050
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	80,570	36,675	43,900
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	49,450	24,430	25,015
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	85,530	37,870	47,660
Haiti	125	55	70	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	99,945	44,585	55,360
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	145,360	63,430	81,925
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	90,585	42,215	48,370
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	31,420	13,925	17,490
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	65,035	29,110	35,930
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	256,090	115,380	140,705
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	20	20	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	250,760	116,305	134,460
Europe	0	0	0	30	10	20	309,015	154,110	154,910	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	35,925	17,705	18,220
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	36,675	18,115	18,560
France	0	0	0	25	0	20	93,160	49,870	43,290	121,525	63,845	57,685
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	126,470	60,560	65,915
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	54,715	27,050	27,665
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	31,050	14,595	16,450
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	204,065	101,445	102,625
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	75,830	39,020	36,810
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	135,030	60,660	74,370
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	128,795	62,880	65,910
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	86,770	40,820	45,955
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	81,840	35,185	46,650
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	31,925	15,480	16,450
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	81,135	36,840	44,295
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	464,135	229,710	234,430
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	271,725	131,935	139,790
Africa	25	15	10	55	30	30	302,010	153,655	148,355	821,735	412,365	409,375
Algeria	0	0	0	35	20	20	72,835	37,535	35,295	79,660	41,065	38,600
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	33,110	15,775	17,340
Egypt	0	0	0	15	10	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	73,710	38,730	34,980
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	31,385	16,575	14,815
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	41,715	19,955	21,760
Morocco	15	10	0	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	81,775	41,085	40,685
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	81,290	41,665	39,620
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	350	32,500	14,600	17,900
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	51,590	25,740	25,855
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	314,995	157,170	157,825
Asia	0	0	0	50	30	15	332,925	158,445	174,475	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	62,450	30,940	31,515
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	182,940	92,300	90,645
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	84,130	42,660	41,465
Lebanon	0	0	0	25	15	10	42,280	22,610	19,670	95,725	50,675	45,055
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	97,590	49,855	47,735
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	35,270	18,835	16,435
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	10	10	52,500	23,010	29,490	715,835	317,970	397,860
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	213,855	100,480	113,375
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	138,355	63,025	75,325
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	65,365	28,725	36,635
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	719,580	305,115	414,460
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	182,095	82,670	99,425
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	70,090	35,675	34,415
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	898,050	451,120	446,930
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	234,105	118,390	115,715
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	136,240	66,215	70,030
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	375,340	175,930	199,410
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	61,965	31,055	30,910
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	20	20	0	35	20	20	202,740	99,265	103,480	1,328,240	644,900	683,340
Americas	15	15	0	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	154,490	74,275	80,215
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	19,895	9,340	10,560
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	11,455	5,090	6,365
Haiti	15	15	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	10,550	5,155	5,400
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	15,155	7,740	7,420
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	17,150	8,405	8,745
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	39,875	19,790	20,085
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	7,060	2,980	4,075
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	33,350	15,785	17,570
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	134,425	69,310	65,120
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	27,175	14,560	12,610
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	5,365	2,660	2,705
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	6,355	4,000	2,350
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	4,240	2,470	1,770
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	10,905	4,335	6,570
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	14,515	6,570	7,945
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	22,755	13,550	9,200
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	43,120	21,160	21,960
Africa	0	0	0	15	10	10	70,310	34,215	36,095	206,965	102,875	104,090
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	15,745	7,530	8,220
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	4,935	2,420	2,510
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	11,795	5,545	6,250
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	8,915	4,200	4,720
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	7,915	3,795	4,125
Egypt	0	0	0	15	10	10	2,385	1,255	1,135	12,120	6,285	5,835
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	16,330	8,755	7,575
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	9,385	4,415	4,970
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	12,835	6,025	6,810
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	40,360	20,575	19,780
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	6,315	3,240	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	8,510	4,290	4,220
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	4,690	2,375	2,315
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	8,155	4,185	3,975
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	38,960	19,250	19,715
Asia	0	0	0	15	10	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	823,205	393,110	430,090
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	12,730	6,290	6,440
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	13,185	6,670	6,515
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	118,035	50,365	67,665
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	6,495	2,880	3,620
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	246,995	128,205	118,790
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	25,650	12,310	13,340
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	17,715	8,835	8,875
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	4,850	2,565	2,290
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	4,445	1,035	3,410
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	4,635	2,375	2,260
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	20,985	8,790	12,200
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	9,980	5,120	4,860
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	4,890	2,475	2,415
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	36,255	18,070	18,190
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	151,490	66,720	84,765
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	9,560	5,195	4,365
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	8,480	4,010	4,465
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	63,130	32,725	30,410
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	10,150	5,520	4,635
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	8,405	4,325	4,085
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	14,725	5,605	9,125
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	30,410	13,035	17,375
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	9,160	5,335	3,825
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	6,535	3,845	2,685
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	2,625	1,490	1,135
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	435	200	235	690	340	350	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
First generation¹⁰⁰	235	125	115	220	125	95	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690
Second generation¹⁰¹	155	55	95	110	40	75	883,485	446,000	437,490	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330
Third generation or more¹⁰²	50	25	25	360	175	180	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	155	80	80	180	105	70	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	35	20	15	110	55	55	559,935	290,040	269,895	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15	15	10	65	30	35	267,870	161,125	106,740	1,556,675	935,790	620,885
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	20	10	10	45	25	20	292,070	128,915	163,155	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	85	40	45	25	10	15	272,255	109,735	162,515	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	10	20	35	30	0	175,740	89,995	85,740	1,039,275	543,725	495,550
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	91,900	42,145	49,755
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	155	80	80	180	105	70	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	0	35	35	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	416,105	222,895	193,205
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	10	20	0	10	94,185	46,445	47,740	705,405	324,370	381,035
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	183,250	92,135	91,110
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	377,130	188,535	188,590
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	39,540	15,685	23,855
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	125	60	65	125	60	60	756,120	358,700	397,420	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	435	200	235	690	340	350	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	370	170	200	190	115	80	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275
Chinese	0	0	0	15	10	10	115,240	51,375	63,865	1,715,770	808,745	907,035
Black	260	115	150	10	10	0	422,405	206,335	216,070	1,547,870	754,100	793,765
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	957,355	427,755	529,600
Arab	55	30	30	80	45	35	280,075	146,990	133,085	694,015	362,845	331,170
Latin American	15	0	10	60	45	15	172,925	85,035	87,880	580,235	281,030	299,200
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	20	0	20	70,455	33,510	36,945	390,340	184,120	206,220
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	360,495	181,795	178,695
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	218,140	101,855	116,285
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	98,890	42,315	56,575
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	172,885	83,310	89,580
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	331,805	160,790	171,010
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	65	30	35	500	225	275	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	440	205	230	690	340	350	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian	50	10	40	60	30	25	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530
English	0	0	0	20	10	10	177,710	88,910	88,800	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580
Irish	0	0	0	25	10	20	404,190	193,440	210,745	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505
Scottish	0	0	0	10	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580
French, n.o.s.¹²²	0	0	0	200	105	95	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250
German	0	0	0	10	0	10	124,305	60,295	64,010	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230
Chinese	0	0	0	15	10	10	123,985	55,730	68,255	1,713,870	806,365	907,500
Italian	0	0	0	40	10	25	316,315	157,600	158,720	1,546,390	774,250	772,140
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	1,347,715	691,535	656,185
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	1,258,635	612,455	646,175
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	988,585	489,045	499,545
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	982,820	472,290	510,525
Québécois	15	0	0	40	10	25	931,940	465,630	466,305	981,635	490,130	491,510
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	938,950	462,420	476,530
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	925,490	414,915	510,570
French Canadian	0	0	0	70	25	45	588,805	290,630	298,180	906,315	441,610	464,705
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	10	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	691,260	347,080	344,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15	15	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	632,340	304,220	328,120
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	560,335	271,985	288,350
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	15	15	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	551,910	278,060	273,850
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	548,140	260,075	288,065
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	466,500	224,290	242,210
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	455,720	216,490	239,230
Portuguese	20	10	10	10	10	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	448,305	222,770	225,535
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	353,495	172,240	181,255
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	342,040	160,475	181,570
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	334,505	156,840	177,665
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	320,150	155,755	164,395
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	305,170	145,500	159,675
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	303,260	154,435	148,825
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	20	40	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	301,955	148,335	153,625
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	282,015	141,530	140,490
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	279,950	145,620	134,330
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15	0	15	45,570	21,910	23,665	275,530	131,075	144,445
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	50	30	20	104,735	55,130	49,610	263,710	138,210	125,500
Greek	0	0	0	30	0	25	69,705	35,085	34,620	262,140	132,975	129,160
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	249,070	119,265	129,805
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	226,220	107,785	118,435
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	219,855	105,825	114,030
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	217,650	101,805	115,845
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	215,885	103,720	112,165
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	210,605	107,990	102,615
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	200,465	100,790	99,675
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	200,340	99,800	100,540
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	196,945	96,220	100,725
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	194,840	94,035	100,810
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	194,640	101,255	93,385
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	189,535	92,740	96,800
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	182,175	90,150	92,030
Haitian	185	105	85	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	178,990	84,510	94,490
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	166,160	87,665	78,495
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	155,495	77,435	78,055
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	155,095	77,735	77,360
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	145,570	72,015	73,555
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	144,055	69,270	74,785
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	132,410	65,175	67,240
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	130,820	64,915	65,905
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	129,425	56,850	72,580
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	120,125	60,575	59,550
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	111,605	53,700	57,905
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	110,735	54,730	56,005
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	105,620	54,095	51,525
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	105,245	55,230	50,020
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	104,765	51,375	53,395
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	102,170	51,165	51,005
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	101,990	50,370	51,620
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	100,555	47,995	52,560
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	99,980	50,835	49,150
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	98,925	47,495	51,430
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	98,250	49,385	48,865
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	97,210	46,270	50,940
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	96,810	48,255	48,550
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	94,585	44,335	50,250
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	93,360	46,945	46,410
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	92,220	44,610	47,600
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	91,670	45,665	46,005
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	81,680	39,485	42,195
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	80,555	39,675	40,880
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	80,340	41,415	38,925
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	77,405	37,655	39,750
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	76,745	39,955	36,795
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	76,675	37,315	39,365
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	75,425	39,085	36,335
Algerian	0	0	0	30	10	20	65,860	33,955	31,905	73,770	38,035	35,740
Brazilian	10	10	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	71,755	34,670	37,085
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	69,540	34,680	34,860
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	68,850	34,105	34,745
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	68,210	33,475	34,740
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	66,780	31,525	35,255
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	65,555	31,555	33,995
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	64,020	29,280	34,740
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	59,300	29,865	29,435
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	59,280	29,150	30,130
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	59,050	26,385	32,670
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	58,870	27,845	31,025
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	58,840	30,560	28,280
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	57,195	25,715	31,475
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	56,070	27,025	29,040
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	52,085	23,685	28,395
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	52,040	24,510	27,530
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	49,840	24,885	24,955
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	46,765	24,165	22,595
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	45,905	23,930	21,975
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	45,685	22,520	23,165
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	45,260	22,000	23,260
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	44,720	21,700	23,025
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	42,545	20,675	21,875
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	30	20	10	6,335	3,155	3,185	42,405	20,105	22,300
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	42,295	19,925	22,370
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	42,075	21,740	20,330
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	41,950	19,835	22,115
Berber	0	0	0	20	0	15	36,540	19,550	16,990	41,700	22,325	19,370
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	41,620	21,050	20,570
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	40,670	20,210	20,455
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	39,440	19,500	19,940
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	38,595	18,785	19,815
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	38,520	18,935	19,585
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	37,670	18,235	19,435
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	36,970	19,580	17,385
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	36,290	18,185	18,110
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	35,395	17,140	18,250
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	35,345	18,410	16,940
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	33,330	16,485	16,845
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	33,135	15,355	17,775
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	33,085	16,235	16,850
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	32,575	16,525	16,055
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	31,720	15,650	16,065
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	31,440	15,265	16,175
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	31,430	15,700	15,730
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	30,565	14,635	15,930
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	30,465	16,585	13,875
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	30,220	15,225	14,995
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	30,065	14,830	15,235
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	28,490	14,320	14,170
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	28,395	13,220	15,175
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	28,225	13,490	14,735
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	28,140	13,515	14,620
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	26,675	13,830	12,850
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	26,535	12,960	13,580
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	26,460	13,920	12,540
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	26,330	11,910	14,415
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	25,875	12,500	13,375
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	25,575	11,860	13,715
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	25,200	12,495	12,710
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	24,420	12,265	12,155
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	24,325	12,230	12,095
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	24,255	11,510	12,745
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	24,110	11,540	12,570
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	23,500	11,665	11,840
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	23,455	11,080	12,375
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	23,130	12,670	10,460
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	23,020	11,040	11,980
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	22,785	11,695	11,090
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	22,785	11,680	11,105
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	22,570	11,405	11,165
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	22,275	8,525	13,750
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	22,125	10,615	11,510
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	21,975	11,215	10,765
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	10	15	19,520	10,085	9,440	20,565	10,595	9,975
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	19,685	9,730	9,955
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	19,305	9,890	9,415
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	18,850	9,055	9,795
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	18,745	9,030	9,710
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	18,545	8,975	9,570
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	18,420	8,545	9,870
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	18,190	8,850	9,340
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	17,955	8,625	9,330
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	17,755	9,275	8,470
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	17,485	8,825	8,665
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	17,465	8,710	8,755
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	17,315	7,300	10,020
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	17,050	7,935	9,115
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	16,570	8,255	8,310
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	16,315	8,565	7,750
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	15,910	7,715	8,195
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	15,780	7,505	8,280
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	15,660	7,485	8,175
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	15,650	7,290	8,360
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	15,340	8,155	7,190
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	15,055	7,180	7,875
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	15,010	7,255	7,755
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	14,265	6,730	7,535
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	14,260	6,525	7,735
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	14,110	6,810	7,295
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	13,910	7,435	6,470
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	13,840	6,730	7,120
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	13,755	7,020	6,730
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	13,565	6,510	7,055
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	13,525	6,610	6,915
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	13,245	5,800	7,445
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	13,225	7,055	6,170
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	13,095	6,530	6,565
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	13,065	6,175	6,885
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	12,890	6,150	6,740
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	12,890	5,965	6,930
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	12,490	6,580	5,910
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	12,115	6,080	6,035
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	12,080	5,905	6,170
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	11,710	5,980	5,730
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	10,920	5,370	5,550
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	10,825	5,080	5,745
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	10,750	5,130	5,620
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	10,490	4,710	5,775
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	10,275	4,950	5,325
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	10,015	4,975	5,045
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	9,955	5,115	4,840
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	9,915	5,165	4,750
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	9,835	5,135	4,695
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	9,825	5,195	4,625
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	9,795	4,725	5,065
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	9,700	4,710	4,990
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	9,455	4,705	4,755
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	9,350	4,650	4,700
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	9,165	4,435	4,725
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	9,150	4,385	4,760
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	9,090	4,240	4,850
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	8,970	4,235	4,735
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	8,400	4,270	4,125
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	8,315	4,220	4,090
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	8,310	3,765	4,545
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	8,285	3,910	4,375
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	8,255	4,425	3,830
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	8,140	3,945	4,195
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	8,115	3,995	4,130
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	8,080	3,830	4,250
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	7,945	4,265	3,680
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	7,745	4,030	3,710
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	7,660	3,870	3,790
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	7,640	3,835	3,805
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	7,635	3,690	3,950
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	7,535	3,305	4,230
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	7,480	3,865	3,620
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	7,415	3,615	3,800
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	7,390	3,700	3,695
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	7,285	3,340	3,945
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	7,225	3,355	3,875
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	7,220	3,515	3,705
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	6,810	3,630	3,180
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	6,670	3,730	2,945
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	6,545	3,225	3,320
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	6,500	3,265	3,230
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	6,480	2,945	3,535
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	6,255	3,085	3,170
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	6,165	3,020	3,145
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	6,060	2,755	3,305
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	6,050	3,065	2,985
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	5,985	2,995	2,995
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	5,980	2,965	3,015
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	5,945	3,010	2,930
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	5,925	2,855	3,075
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	435	200	235	690	340	350	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	356,975	157,435	199,540
Christian	240	105	135	335	160	175	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15	10	0	10	0	0	464,020	229,155	234,860	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	144,145	70,095	74,050
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	1,134,315	515,270	619,045
Baptist	35	20	15	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	436,940	200,325	236,615
Catholic	115	40	70	305	140	160	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	20	0	15	145,805	70,840	74,965	623,010	301,055	321,955
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	137,255	59,505	77,750
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	87,725	41,365	46,360
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	328,045	150,115	177,925
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	100,655	46,640	54,020
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	399,025	180,870	218,155
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	301,400	136,440	164,960
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	79,870	39,250	40,620
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	1,214,185	531,740	682,445
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	60	35	30	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	745,650	345,540	400,110
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	828,195	430,135	398,060
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	335,295	164,220	171,070
Muslim	55	30	30	115	55	60	421,710	218,255	203,455	1,775,715	904,205	871,510
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	771,790	394,345	377,445
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	80,685	38,460	42,230
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	229,015	97,645	131,370
No religion and secular perspectives	125	60	60	235	130	110	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	425	200	230	690	340	350	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600
Non-movers	380	180	200	650	315	335	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050
Movers	45	20	25	40	30	15	945,290	466,750	478,540	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550
Non-migrants	35	15	20	15	10	0	543,670	268,740	274,925	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005
Migrants	10	0	10	25	20	15	401,625	198,010	203,615	1,813,155	895,610	917,550
Internal migrants	0	0	0	25	20	15	349,095	170,740	178,355	1,519,200	748,025	771,180
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	25	10	15	321,005	156,550	164,455	1,250,235	612,810	637,425
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	268,965	135,215	133,750
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	293,955	147,585	146,370
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	375	180	195	655	320	335	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080
Non-movers	215	100	115	360	170	195	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660
Movers	155	80	75	300	150	150	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420
Non-migrants	95	40	50	150	75	70	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460
Migrants	60	35	25	150	70	80	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955
Internal migrants	0	0	0	65	30	40	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	65	30	30	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	921,345	459,695	461,650
External migrants	45	30	15	80	40	45	320,090	166,115	153,975	1,692,390	859,195	833,200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	315	145	170	585	285	300	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	45	80	80	35	40	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	200	100	100	505	255	255	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	220	105	115	400	210	190	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	85	30	55	35	15	15	642,800	382,415	260,380	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	140	75	65	365	195	175	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	315	140	175	585	285	300	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	80	30	50	70	25	40	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	105	70	35	105	55	45	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130	40	90	415	200	215	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	20	85	220	130	90	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	10	40	55	45	10	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	0	30	40	25	10	793,030	427,220	365,815	1,458,160	827,980	630,185
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	0	10	15	15	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	1,183,395	983,525	199,870
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	15	30	140	75	60	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	15	30	15	15	252,815	102,150	150,665	896,755	372,560	524,195
Bachelor's degree or higher	25	20	0	195	70	125	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955
Bachelor's degree	15	15	0	115	45	65	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	25	10	10	149,425	66,595	82,825	556,510	243,200	313,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	214,105	108,000	106,105
Master's degree	0	0	0	50	0	35	360,795	174,150	186,645	1,740,605	824,250	916,355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	279,660	165,795	113,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	225	105	120	400	210	190	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	20	35	25	15	10	525,155	303,815	221,345	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	50	20	50	30	15	752,855	388,160	364,700	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	100	40	65	330	165	160	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	80	20	55	165	105	65	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	10	30	45	35	10	836,455	498,385	338,075	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	0	15	25	20	10	609,895	319,470	290,425	1,050,285	586,420	463,865
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	0	10	15	15	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	836,220	693,830	142,395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30	10	20	110	60	50	838,140	372,455	465,685	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	10	0	0	174,695	72,115	102,580	623,090	261,035	362,050
Bachelor's degree or higher	25	20	0	160	65	100	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215
Bachelor's degree	20	10	0	85	40	45	802,755	343,100	459,650	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	25	15	10	119,460	50,155	69,310	430,875	179,230	251,645
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	167,730	75,120	92,615
Master's degree	0	0	0	40	0	35	302,065	140,530	161,530	1,446,435	659,295	787,145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	209,445	115,530	93,915
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	315	140	175	580	285	295	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	190	100	85	165	85	85	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900
Education	0	0	0	40	20	25	292,470	65,830	226,640	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
13. Education	0	0	0	40	20	25	292,470	65,830	226,640	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	20	10	10	166,900	75,420	91,480	631,255	274,065	357,190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	74,785	53,390	21,395
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	20	10	10	143,365	58,875	84,490	556,470	220,680	335,790
Humanities	0	0	0	10	0	10	228,770	90,810	137,960	926,560	354,120	572,440
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	106,345	23,460	82,885
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	184,600	53,020	131,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	0	10	107,105	44,755	62,345	316,050	119,215	196,830
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	18,935	6,835	12,095
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	57,745	33,040	24,700
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	77,510	46,140	31,365
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	108,935	58,310	50,620
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	56,440	14,090	42,345
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	0	15	45	0	40	430,845	142,280	288,570	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	29,430	7,065	22,365
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10	0	10	57,080	19,060	38,020	233,400	88,205	145,200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	10	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	344,150	27,905	316,240
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	10	77,880	29,725	48,160	325,785	115,335	210,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	49,855	16,000	33,850
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	10	65,230	15,095	50,135	327,965	79,295	248,665
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	134,510	67,065	67,440	705,540	336,960	368,580
Business, management and public administration	25	0	15	100	35	65	950,820	357,290	593,535	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	5,335	1,705	3,630
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	272,240	55,995	216,245
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20	0	10	95	35	60	894,690	344,770	549,925	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	25	15	10	158,655	83,605	75,050	719,715	353,540	366,175
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	297,055	121,615	175,435
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	15	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	155,955	72,245	83,705
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	35,380	14,950	20,430
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	196,620	130,745	65,875
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	34,710	13,985	20,730
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	35	30	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	804,230	531,435	272,795
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	35	30	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	643,145	454,370	188,775
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	43,085	7,100	35,985
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	99,360	57,560	41,800
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	18,640	12,400	6,240
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10	10	0	65	55	15	866,885	778,835	88,060	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	135,020	81,930	53,090
14. Engineering	0	0	0	20	10	15	181,290	147,120	34,170	900,475	723,080	177,395
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	726,155	638,355	87,800
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	580	190	390
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	20	20	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	703,905	683,060	20,845
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	659,480	640,895	18,590
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	380,505	363,710	16,795
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	407,545	234,360	173,175
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	262,580	140,520	122,070
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	144,960	93,845	51,115
Health and related fields	40	0	40	45	10	40	515,215	101,455	413,760	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	180,785	89,005	91,780
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	40	40	0	40	470,150	78,875	391,275	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	5,255	1,425	3,825
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	64,030	34,630	29,400
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	20	15	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	1,006,425	520,970	485,455
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	0	0	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	548,520	151,115	397,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	3,965	3,520	445
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	6,900	6,210	690
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	10	10	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	227,835	160,930	66,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	219,205	199,190	20,010
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	5,305	1,640	3,665
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	225	105	115	400	210	195	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	125	70	55	75	45	30	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Education	0	0	0	25	15	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	742,175	158,185	583,990
13. Education	0	0	0	25	15	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	742,175	158,185	583,990
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	15	10	0	129,065	58,170	70,895	490,455	210,500	279,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	54,645	38,170	16,475
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	15	10	0	110,860	45,555	65,305	435,815	172,330	263,480
Humanities	0	0	0	10	0	10	144,140	56,410	87,730	649,695	241,235	408,465
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	79,235	16,400	62,835
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	134,815	37,610	97,210
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	0	10	61,125	26,395	34,730	216,725	80,505	136,220
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	12,910	4,540	8,370
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	41,640	23,645	17,990
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	48,920	29,245	19,675
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	78,415	40,800	37,615
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	37,045	8,490	28,555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15	0	15	40	0	40	334,475	103,635	230,840	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	23,895	5,520	18,370
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10	0	10	47,510	15,360	32,155	196,475	72,125	124,350
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	270,970	20,095	250,875
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	10	59,965	20,645	39,325	261,265	82,850	178,420
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	37,830	12,160	25,670
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	10	48,920	10,080	38,835	249,205	55,840	193,365
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	549,090	254,250	294,840
Business, management and public administration	20	0	15	75	35	40	741,390	268,705	472,685	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	3,995	1,335	2,665
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	213,140	40,230	172,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10	0	10	75	35	40	697,775	259,725	438,045	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	25	10	10	102,055	53,195	48,865	513,555	241,780	271,785
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	227,460	90,390	137,075
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	108,350	48,075	60,280
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	14,270	5,690	8,580
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	140,510	88,540	51,970
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	22,960	9,090	13,870
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	30	25	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	667,305	445,970	221,330
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	30	25	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	554,185	392,835	161,350
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	27,610	4,720	22,885
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	70,940	39,000	31,940
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	14,565	9,415	5,155
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10	10	0	50	45	10	665,365	588,950	76,415	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	105,845	61,230	44,605
14. Engineering	0	0	0	20	10	10	152,450	121,715	30,735	724,235	568,385	155,850
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	536,600	464,510	72,090
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	510	160	350
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	15	15	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	510,105	493,000	17,100
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	467,225	452,385	14,840
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	266,690	253,110	13,585
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	314,120	170,440	143,680
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	199,335	99,700	99,635
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	114,780	70,745	44,040
Health and related fields	30	0	30	35	10	25	387,725	74,730	312,995	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	139,280	67,885	71,385
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	30	25	0	25	352,905	58,735	294,170	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	4,430	945	3,485
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	48,115	23,255	24,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	15	10	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	772,450	399,835	372,615
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	414,520	112,935	301,590
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	2,955	2,575	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	3,850	3,415	435
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	10	10	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	183,025	128,295	54,725
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	168,105	152,620	15,485
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	4,075	1,150	2,930
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	225	105	115	400	210	195	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	125	70	55	75	45	30	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	100	40	60	325	165	160	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100
Location of study inside Canada	70	20	60	240	125	120	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130
Same as province or territory of residence	70	20	60	240	125	120	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	1,239,495	602,195	637,300
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	30	20	0	85	45	40	414,490	209,160	205,330	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970
Americas	15	15	0	30	15	10	81,780	40,955	40,820	483,810	238,040	245,775
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	279,005	143,575	135,435
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	36,400	16,175	20,230
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	8,345	4,275	4,070
Haiti	15	15	0	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	10,620	5,645	4,970
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	12,780	6,110	6,670
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	40,050	18,445	21,605
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	31,165	13,875	17,295
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	7,780	3,025	4,750
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	12,655	5,330	7,320
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	45,000	21,575	23,425
Europe	10	10	0	15	0	10	138,260	74,045	64,210	543,725	281,205	262,520
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	7,795	4,260	3,535
France	10	10	0	15	0	10	77,225	43,085	34,135	97,770	53,930	43,840
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	22,450	12,070	10,380
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	10,825	6,065	4,765
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	8,470	4,420	4,050
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	5,160	2,465	2,700
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	9,055	4,165	4,890
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	25,215	11,115	14,100
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	32,250	16,190	16,060
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	36,095	16,250	19,845
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	36,405	16,635	19,775
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	16,040	9,175	6,865
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	151,900	81,980	69,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	6,030	2,915	3,115
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	8,895	5,055	3,840
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	8,745	4,470	4,280
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	60,615	30,055	30,560
Africa	0	0	0	20	10	10	95,260	49,800	45,460	216,815	111,010	105,805
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	33,280	16,395	16,880
Algeria	0	0	0	20	10	10	30,560	15,715	14,850	33,230	17,020	16,210
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	23,640	12,125	11,510
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	12,655	7,100	5,555
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	30,255	15,145	15,115
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	19,060	9,900	9,160
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	64,700	33,325	31,385
Asia	0	0	0	20	15	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	1,352,215	594,805	757,410
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	66,630	30,180	36,450
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	16,515	8,250	8,265
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	11,355	5,725	5,630
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	19,565	9,355	10,210
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	16,405	7,885	8,520
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	11,855	6,595	5,260
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	201,100	87,370	113,720
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	14,520	4,750	9,770
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	18,325	7,445	10,875
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	18,605	5,280	13,325
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	53,575	20,575	33,000
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	305,795	115,370	190,420
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	12,500	4,490	8,005
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	25,000	11,360	13,645
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	15,085	7,090	7,995
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	405,850	199,380	206,475
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	75,155	35,055	40,100
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	64,385	28,650	35,735
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	47,960	24,495	23,460
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	38,525	19,270	19,250
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	7,785	4,300	3,485
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	1,655	930	730
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	320	140	175	585	285	300	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
In the labour force	225	105	115	385	200	185	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070
Employed	190	100	100	340	180	160	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025
Unemployed	35	15	20	45	20	20	335,015	176,245	158,775	1,988,645	999,600	989,045
Not in the labour force	90	35	55	200	85	115	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605
Participation rate	70.3	75.0	65.7	65.8	70.2	61.7	64.1	67.4	60.9	63.7	67.7	59.8
Employment rate	59.4	71.4	57.1	58.1	63.2	53.3	59.3	62.3	56.3	57.1	60.9	53.4
Unemployment rate	15.6	14.3	17.4	11.7	10.0	10.8	7.6	7.7	7.4	10.3	9.9	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	315	140	175	580	285	295	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
Did not work¹⁸⁶	115	40	70	215	90	125	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170
Worked	200	105	100	365	195	175	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	90	50	40	210	120	85	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	115	50	60	165	70	90	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.0	38.4	39.6	43.6	43.0	44.2	41.3	41.7	40.8	41.0	41.7	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	225	110	120	385	200	180	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	10	15	25	10	15	90,550	43,585	46,970	486,865	237,950	248,915
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	195	95	100	360	190	165	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
Employee	185	90	95	310	155	160	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375
Permanent position	145	70	75	270	135	140	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310
Temporary position	40	20	15	40	15	20	623,510	296,655	326,850	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	10	0	20	10	10	217,905	94,210	123,700	867,740	386,965	480,775
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	15	15	20	10	10	405,605	202,450	203,155	1,804,030	885,740	918,285
Self-employed¹⁹²	0	0	0	45	40	10	530,720	324,555	206,165	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	225	110	120	385	200	180	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	10	15	25	10	15	90,550	43,585	46,970	486,865	237,950	248,915
All occupations¹⁹¹	195	95	100	360	190	165	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	254,760	177,450	77,315
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15	10	10	55	20	30	778,905	256,150	522,760	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	25	10	15	360,495	272,510	87,985	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595
3 Health occupations	15	0	15	50	0	45	359,665	70,075	289,590	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15	0	15	45	20	25	558,725	166,020	392,700	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	0	10	15	0	15	146,560	72,400	74,165	596,785	275,420	321,360
6 Sales and service occupations	70	40	30	100	65	35	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	25	20	10	65	60	10	702,290	645,355	56,935	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	541,235	416,960	124,270
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	35	20	15	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	857,540	612,415	245,120
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	225	110	120	385	200	180	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	10	15	25	10	15	90,550	43,585	46,970	486,865	237,950	248,915
All industries¹⁹¹	195	95	100	360	190	165	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	434,800	295,160	139,640
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	239,030	195,605	43,425
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	147,750	109,475	38,270
23 Construction	0	0	0	15	15	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025
31-33 Manufacturing	25	15	15	25	20	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	10	10	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	610,295	406,960	203,335
44-45 Retail trade	45	20	25	65	25	35	514,090	248,905	265,185	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	10	10	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	981,030	742,515	238,515
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	10	10	0	94,130	57,495	36,630	400,460	237,940	162,520
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	0	0	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	815,225	358,145	457,080
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	15	15	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	343,940	186,230	157,710
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	0	0	35	10	25	345,345	193,365	151,985	1,571,160	877,780	693,380
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	45,455	21,495	23,955
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	10	10	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	792,600	457,880	334,725
61 Educational services	0	0	0	25	10	20	340,885	104,300	236,590	1,413,320	436,645	976,670
62 Health care and social assistance	30	0	25	75	15	65	617,200	122,675	494,525	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	350,710	180,205	170,500
72 Accommodation and food services	30	10	10	0	0	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	1,085,270	478,000	607,270
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	15	15	0	190,470	89,730	100,735	797,935	373,775	424,165
91 Public administration	0	0	0	30	25	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	1,188,915	598,780	590,135
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	205	105	105	385	205	180	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
English	10	0	0	25	10	15	350,525	195,385	155,145	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855
French	155	75	80	210	110	100	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	169,205	89,515	79,685
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	6,935	3,590	3,345
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	162,265	85,925	76,345
English and French	45	15	20	120	70	45	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	1,682,510	859,635	822,870
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	570,220	291,000	279,220
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	20,935	9,955	10,980
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25	15	15	52,970	26,700	26,265	69,340	34,190	35,145
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	11,265	5,960	5,305
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	205	105	105	385	205	180	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
Single responses	205	105	105	340	190	150	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810
Official languages	205	105	105	340	190	145	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175
English	20	15	0	55	40	15	668,485	365,785	302,695	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105
French	190	90	100	280	150	135	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	310,455	161,825	148,635
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	19,435	9,725	9,710
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	11,600	6,020	5,575
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	9,115	4,715	4,400
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	1,015	585	430
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	5,985	3,170	2,815
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	110	65	40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	765	385	385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	80	45	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	190	110	85
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	4,695	2,500	2,205
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	1,955	875	1,075
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	155	80	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	835	435	400
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	825	430	395
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	1,585	830	755
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	6,630	3,200	3,425
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	6,605	3,200	3,405
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	291,025	152,095	138,925
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	9,265	5,300	3,955
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	45	35	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	30	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	8,785	5,080	3,705
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	7,190	4,250	2,940
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	460	325	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	585	240	340
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	9,770	4,135	5,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	495	215	285
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	9,260	3,905	5,350
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	4,760	2,180	2,580
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	165	90	70
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	4,205	1,895	2,310
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	50	30	20
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	390	185	210
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	375	170	205
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	3,010	1,410	1,605
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	250	140	110
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	2,685	1,255	1,425
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	112,395	64,055	48,335
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	315	170	140
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	530	295	235
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	10,085	4,390	5,695
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	9,995	4,375	5,620
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	145	55	90
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	105	50	55
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	2,265	1,000	1,265
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	5,240	2,085	3,155
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	835	485	355
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	155	95	65
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	555	310	245
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	1,265	620	650
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	14,250	8,060	6,190
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	10,480	5,695	4,790
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	6,615	3,655	2,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	255	115	135
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	1,050	520	530
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	3,540	2,245	1,290
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	965	515	440
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	190	100	85
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	55	30	25
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	90	45	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	875	445	430
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	55,455	32,965	22,490
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	48,020	28,910	19,100
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	645	290	355
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	1,115	515	600
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	2,235	1,145	1,090
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	40,840	25,480	15,365
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	2,725	1,265	1,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	20	10	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	7,430	4,045	3,385
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	130	70	60
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	7,110	3,825	3,285
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	800	445	360
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	5,715	2,980	2,735
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	595	400	195
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	30,795	17,685	13,105
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	15	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	1,625	730	900
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	6,970	4,070	2,895
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	680	375	310
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	21,455	12,465	8,990
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	45	35	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	3,560	1,225	2,340
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	14,345	7,125	7,225
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	410	210	200
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	20	10	10
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	20	15	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	25	15	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	150	95	55
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	15	0	15
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	15	0	15
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	2,010	795	1,210
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	1,590	620	970
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	285	110	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	135	65	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	128,375	64,180	64,190
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	128,045	63,990	64,055
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	76,040	37,760	38,280
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	485	210	270
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	50,950	25,725	25,225
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	460	240	220
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	765	310	450
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	80	30	50
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	670	275	395
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	1,345	695	650
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	1,270	660	615
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	485	215	270
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	90	25	65
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	330	170	160
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Multiple responses	0	0	0	45	15	25	269,365	142,370	126,995	453,880	231,205	222,675
English and French	0	0	0	45	15	25	249,945	132,640	117,300	321,975	163,305	158,675
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	115,955	60,210	55,745
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	6,280	2,795	3,485
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	7,405	3,795	3,605
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	2,265	1,100	1,165
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	205	105	105	385	205	180	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
None	170	80	90	255	125	130	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935
English	30	10	15	65	40	30	720,960	391,075	329,885	902,625	474,755	427,875
French	10	10	0	35	30	0	302,145	161,340	140,805	589,755	288,955	300,800
Non-official language	0	0	0	20	10	10	32,245	16,505	15,745	331,375	168,035	163,335
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	18,190	7,740	10,450
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	20	10	10	29,220	15,155	14,065	313,185	160,295	152,885
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	2,940	1,445	1,495
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	33,125	15,680	17,445
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	22,615	11,475	11,135
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	360	210	150
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	50,740	25,425	25,315
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	195	95	95	340	180	160	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020
Worked at home	0	0	0	70	35	35	897,770	435,285	462,480	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	58,335	40,295	18,035
No fixed workplace address	15	15	0	40	40	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415
Usual place of work	180	80	95	235	110	120	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	180	80	100	235	105	120	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	135	60	80	190	85	100	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	10	0	10	0	10	419,210	203,335	215,875	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	30	10	20	25	25	10	823,150	442,385	380,765	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	98,060	60,210	37,850
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	190	95	100	270	150	120	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Car, truck or van	90	65	30	155	100	50	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825
Car, truck or van - as a driver	80	55	25	150	95	50	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	10	0	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	844,155	343,100	501,050
Public transit	90	25	60	50	25	30	287,345	120,460	166,885	1,000,510	422,270	578,235
Walked	10	0	0	45	10	30	178,645	78,570	100,075	672,815	296,610	376,205
Bicycle	0	0	0	20	10	10	40,420	26,585	13,835	138,615	92,195	46,415
Other method	10	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	285,820	144,225	141,595
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	190	95	100	270	150	120	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Less than 15 minutes	0	0	0	40	10	30	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185
15 to 29 minutes	80	50	25	120	70	50	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285
30 to 44 minutes	45	25	25	65	50	15	635,870	363,430	272,445	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670
45 to 59 minutes	30	10	15	30	10	15	235,140	133,720	101,425	910,610	542,485	368,125
60 minutes and over	35	10	25	15	0	10	206,480	126,635	79,840	926,120	599,115	327,005
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	190	95	100	270	150	120	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	10	10	25	25	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	938,820	701,960	236,865
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	30	10	20	55	25	30	569,745	368,480	201,265	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35	30	0	70	35	35	935,640	441,465	494,170	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25	10	15	85	35	45	626,895	259,220	367,675	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10	0	10	20	10	10	330,930	142,495	188,435	1,661,340	740,915	920,430
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75	40	35	20	10	10	489,685	284,160	205,530	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	145	75	70	140	70	70	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	30	25	15	10	5	303,835	156,030	147,805	897,205	456,120	441,085
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	90	45	45	125	60	60	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	90	45	45	105	55	50	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	15	10	5	5	230,080	118,075	112,005	682,190	346,420	335,770
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	35	20	15	5	5	5	175,305	90,000	85,305	467,685	234,475	233,215
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	214,500	111,950	102,550
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	25	30	100	50	45	992,895	508,315	484,580	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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