Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662757More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660582More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662798More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	579	...	...	871	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	985	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	222	...	...	341	...	...	976,966	...	...	517	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	211	...	...	326	...	...	910,359	...	...	481	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	16,038.8	...	...	11,754.4	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	8,054.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.04	...	...	0.07	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.12	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	575	285	295	870	430	445	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	980	495	490
0 to 14 years	130	70	55	175	95	75	309,765	158,545	151,225	150	85	70
0 to 4 years	45	25	15	50	30	25	99,195	50,760	48,435	50	30	20
5 to 9 years	45	20	25	65	40	30	106,985	54,660	52,320	55	30	25
10 to 14 years	40	30	15	55	25	25	103,590	53,120	50,470	45	30	15
15 to 64 years	375	185	190	595	290	305	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	570	295	270
15 to 19 years	50	30	20	60	30	30	97,525	49,340	48,180	35	20	15
20 to 24 years	40	20	20	75	40	35	140,025	70,895	69,125	50	30	20
25 to 29 years	40	20	20	55	25	25	165,525	83,630	81,895	60	30	25
30 to 34 years	35	20	20	60	25	30	157,725	78,995	78,730	50	35	15
35 to 39 years	30	15	15	80	35	45	149,265	74,115	75,155	50	25	30
40 to 44 years	30	10	25	65	25	35	142,365	70,920	71,445	65	25	45
45 to 49 years	40	20	20	55	30	30	125,505	62,690	62,815	55	30	20
50 to 54 years	40	25	15	65	30	30	121,710	61,735	59,975	55	30	20
55 to 59 years	40	20	20	50	25	25	125,465	63,810	61,655	65	35	30
60 to 64 years	25	15	10	45	25	20	118,065	57,920	60,140	85	35	50
65 years and over	70	25	45	100	40	60	351,325	151,210	200,120	265	115	150
65 to 69 years	30	10	15	25	10	15	99,325	46,730	52,595	90	40	45
70 to 74 years	15	5	10	20	5	15	86,030	39,185	46,845	80	35	45
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	25	10	15	63,215	27,320	35,895	50	20	30
80 to 84 years	10	0	10	20	10	10	46,875	18,960	27,915	25	10	10
85 years and over	5	5	5	10	5	10	55,885	19,015	36,870	25	10	15
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	5	5	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	10	5	5
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	5	0	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	10
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.6	24.6	18.6	20.1	22.1	16.9	15.5	16.1	14.8	15.3	17.2	14.3
15 to 64 years	65.2	64.9	64.4	68.4	67.4	68.5	67.0	68.5	65.6	58.2	59.6	55.1
65 years and over	12.2	8.8	15.3	11.5	9.3	13.5	17.5	15.4	19.6	27.0	23.2	30.6
85 years and over	0.9	1.8	1.7	1.1	1.2	2.2	2.8	1.9	3.6	2.6	2.0	3.1
Average age of the population	36.0	34.2	37.6	36.9	35.4	38.4	41.0	39.8	42.1	45.9	43.2	48.6
Median age of the population	33.2	30.6	36.4	36.0	34.4	37.6	39.6	38.4	40.4	48.8	46.0	52.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	210	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	480	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	35	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	10	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	130	...	...	110,440	...	...	45	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	210	...	...	195	...	...	479,885	...	...	265	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	115	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	210	...	...	330	...	...	910,355	...	...	480	...	...
1 person	55	...	...	85	...	...	367,400	...	...	230	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	90	...	...	271,730	...	...	130	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	60	...	...	118,205	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	50	...	...	98,205	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	40	...	...	54,820	...	...	35	...	...
Number of persons in private households	580	285	295	870	430	445	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	980	495	485
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	450	215	235	695	330	370	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	830	410	420
Married or living common-law	190	95	95	355	175	180	822,440	414,330	408,115	340	170	165
Married	150	75	75	330	165	165	577,060	289,455	287,600	250	125	120
Living common-law	40	20	20	25	10	10	245,385	124,870	120,510	90	50	45
Living common law - Never married	35	15	15	15	5	5	207,040	104,785	102,250	60	30	30
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	5	5	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	20	10	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	5	5	5
Not married and not living common-law	255	115	140	345	155	195	872,060	410,935	461,125	495	240	255
Not married and not living common law - Never married	180	95	85	250	130	120	627,845	333,150	294,700	285	160	125
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	0	15	15	5	10	34,795	14,820	19,975	30	15	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	15	25	50	15	35	126,605	46,380	80,225	115	45	70
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	15	30	10	25	82,815	16,590	66,225	60	15	45
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	150	...	...	220	...	...	495,445	...	...	230	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	90	...	...	251,075	...	...	120	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	55	...	...	107,265	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	50	...	...	93,300	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	30	...	...	43,810	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	150	...	...	225	...	...	495,445	...	...	235	...	...
Total couple families	85	...	...	165	...	...	395,645	...	...	155	...	...
Married couples	65	...	...	150	...	...	273,070	...	...	110	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	105	...	...	162,745	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	45	...	...	110,325	...	...	55	...	...
Common-law couples	20	...	...	15	...	...	122,570	...	...	45	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	5	...	...	44,875	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	10	...	...	77,700	...	...	25	...	...
Total one-parent families	65	...	...	55	...	...	99,805	...	...	70	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	55	...	...	55	...	...	80,530	...	...	60	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	580	285	290	870	425	445	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	975	490	485
Total - Persons in census families	475	225	250	710	355	360	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	665	345	315
Married spouses or common-law partners	180	90	90	330	165	165	791,280	398,495	392,785	315	155	155
Parents in one-parent families	60	5	55	60	10	50	99,805	19,275	80,525	75	15	55
Children⁶	235	130	105	320	180	140	541,905	284,935	256,965	275	170	105
In a two-parent family	135	75	60	225	125	100	392,250	205,155	187,095	155	90	60
In a one-parent family	100	55	45	95	55	35	149,655	79,785	69,865	120	80	40
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	105	60	45	160	75	85	526,370	262,915	263,450	315	150	170
Living alone	55	25	25	90	40	45	367,395	175,660	191,740	235	90	140
Living with other relatives⁷	30	15	15	30	15	15	49,280	22,020	27,255	40	25	15
Living with non-relatives only	20	15	0	45	20	30	109,690	65,235	44,455	45	30	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	215	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	480	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	125	...	...	190	...	...	455,970	...	...	205	...	...
Couple-family households	80	...	...	145	...	...	370,250	...	...	145	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	95	...	...	194,165	...	...	70	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	50	...	...	176,085	...	...	80	...	...
One-parent-family households	45	...	...	45	...	...	85,720	...	...	60	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	5	...	...	13,270	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	15	...	...	16,550	...	...	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	25	...	...	55,210	...	...	25	...	...
One-person households	55	...	...	90	...	...	367,395	...	...	235	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	445	210	235	700	330	365	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	830	410	415
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	430	200	225	655	310	345	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	805	395	405
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	30,600	33,600	31,800	33,600	30,200	37,600	39,600	36,000	33,200	31,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	430	200	225	655	310	345	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	805	395	405
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	28,800	31,000	30,000	31,000	28,600	34,000	35,200	32,800	29,800	29,200	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	370	175	190	560	275	285	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	660	340	320
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	21,400	21,000	22,800	20,800	26,600	18,400	31,000	35,200	27,000	23,200	24,200	22,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	310	150	155	465	245	225	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	490	270	225
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,000	22,000	25,400	25,200	29,600	21,000	32,800	36,000	29,600	27,800	27,800	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	380	180	210	575	260	315	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	750	365	390
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,700	9,600	14,800	11,300	8,100	13,700	10,800	9,600	12,000	14,900	12,900	15,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50	25	25	85	35	40	171,705	84,570	87,145	85	45	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,240	6,200	4,760	5,480	4,560	6,240	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,760	4,880	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	170	95	75	265	135	130	529,640	276,110	253,530	250	145	105
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	430	205	230	610	295	315	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	795	395	400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	205	230	580	275	310	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	745	360	385
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	37,600	34,800	33,800	38,000	30,400	53,250	60,050	46,760	38,100	37,800	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	205	230	580	275	310	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	745	360	385
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,200	32,400	32,000	29,500	32,400	27,200	42,520	46,280	38,960	33,200	32,600	33,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	360	160	195	470	235	230	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	600	315	290
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,500	35,200	21,200	28,100	32,400	23,600	48,960	57,350	40,640	31,400	30,200	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	150	155	355	200	155	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	475	255	215
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	36,000	24,800	33,200	36,800	28,800	48,760	55,650	41,480	34,600	33,200	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	170	205	505	230	270	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	695	330	370
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,900	10,900	18,200	13,000	11,500	14,300	12,040	10,900	13,040	13,720	12,400	14,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65	25	40	70	40	30	171,360	84,435	86,925	80	50	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,800	6,400	3,800	7,600	6,400	9,500	6,840	6,065	7,590	7,400	8,000	6,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	80	75	190	105	85	528,305	276,300	252,005	260	145	110
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	8,600	12,400	9,700	10,000	9,200	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,600	9,200	10,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	435	200	230	610	300	315	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	795	395	400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	110	60	45	160	85	70	514,340	278,505	235,830	210	125	85
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,600	48,400	41,600	46,800	53,600	40,000	60,000	63,600	56,000	49,600	48,000	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,000	58,000	39,000	48,000	55,000	42,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	52,800	53,000	53,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	135	65	70	155	90	65	504,455	247,565	256,895	195	95	100
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	11,600	14,500	9,900	13,400	18,800	8,700	16,400	17,400	15,500	14,600	9,600	19,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	24,000	16,000	21,600	22,800	20,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	21,400	18,400	24,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	64.0	76.0	53.0	66.5	74.0	58.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	66.5	70.0	63.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.0	70.0	48.0	60.0	71.0	48.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	57.6	63.0	53.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	36.0	24.4	47.0	33.2	25.6	42.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	33.6	29.8	37.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.6	2.6	2.8	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.0	3.2	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	12.1	10.8	13.6	10.7	11.0	10.4	6.4	5.9	7.0	9.9	10.6	9.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	10.4	9.2	12.0	9.2	10.0	8.4	5.7	5.4	6.0	8.6	9.6	7.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	450	215	235	695	330	370	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	825	410	420
Without total income	20	10	10	40	20	20	65,020	32,205	32,820	25	15	10
With total income	425	200	230	660	310	350	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	800	395	410
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	25	20	85	45	45	138,250	65,670	72,580	55	35	25
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	35	100	45	50	200,450	93,060	107,390	105	45	60
$20,000 to $29,999	85	40	40	120	45	80	286,825	131,235	155,595	200	95	105
$30,000 to $39,999	60	25	30	100	55	45	215,455	102,705	112,755	135	70	65
$40,000 to $49,999	65	25	35	75	30	50	181,505	86,460	95,040	105	50	50
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	20	60	30	35	138,185	64,805	73,380	80	30	45
$60,000 to $69,999	30	5	20	40	20	20	100,060	48,510	51,550	60	30	30
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	25	15	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	30	20	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	15	10	10	58,400	30,060	28,335	15	0	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	10	10	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	10	5	5	20	15	0	149,555	92,680	56,875	15	5	10
$100,000 to $149,999	10	0	5	15	10	0	90,980	53,275	37,705	15	5	10
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	450	215	235	695	330	370	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	825	410	420
Without after-tax income	20	10	10	40	20	20	64,605	32,005	32,605	25	15	10
With after-tax income	425	200	230	660	310	350	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	800	395	410
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	25	20	85	45	45	144,275	67,955	76,320	55	35	25
$10,000 to $19,999	65	25	35	110	45	60	210,975	98,495	112,480	110	55	60
$20,000 to $29,999	100	45	50	140	60	80	334,395	155,845	178,545	235	125	115
$30,000 to $39,999	80	40	40	120	60	60	257,145	124,835	132,315	155	75	80
$40,000 to $49,999	55	30	25	80	35	45	204,980	97,805	107,175	110	50	60
$50,000 to $59,999	40	10	25	55	30	25	139,760	67,315	72,450	80	35	40
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	35	20	20	93,705	46,700	47,005	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	15	10	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	10	5	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	5	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	5	0	5
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	5	5	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	5	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	450	215	235	695	330	370	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	825	410	420
Without employment income	135	60	80	230	90	140	495,060	212,405	282,660	340	140	195
With employment income	310	150	160	465	240	225	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	490	270	220
Under $5,000 (including loss)	55	30	30	70	35	35	167,560	82,405	85,155	85	55	35
$5,000 to $9,999	40	15	20	65	30	35	111,575	52,975	58,595	50	25	20
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	25	80	40	35	151,350	72,815	78,530	60	30	25
$20,000 to $29,999	45	20	25	50	25	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	70	35	30
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	35	20	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	65	35	35
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	20	45	20	30	104,250	51,950	52,300	60	35	30
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	50	30	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	30	20	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	5	10	25	15	10	66,190	35,045	31,145	35	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	15	10	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	15	10	0
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	15	10	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	10	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	0	10	5	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	10	0	5
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	10	10	0	115,575	74,545	41,030	10	0	5
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	5	5	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	5	5	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	445	210	235	700	330	365	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	830	410	415
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	415	190	220	630	300	330	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	790	385	410
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,800	26,400	27,600	27,400	27,200	27,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	29,400	29,600	28,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	415	190	220	630	300	330	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	790	385	410
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,800	24,000	26,200	26,000	25,800	26,200	31,000	32,800	29,400	27,200	27,200	26,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	170	185	535	260	275	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	645	330	315
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	21,400	23,000	20,200	24,600	28,200	21,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	26,400	28,600	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	295	145	150	450	230	220	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	500	270	230
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,400	24,200	22,000	28,400	29,800	27,200	33,600	36,800	30,400	28,600	29,000	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	360	160	200	520	230	290	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	705	330	370
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	3,240	11,100	3,880	2,620	8,100	4,440	2,760	7,300	10,000	5,440	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	10	15	60	35	25	114,940	56,080	58,855	65	35	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,950	x	x	4,120	4,320	4,040	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,520	3,760	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	430	205	230	610	295	315	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	795	395	400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	195	225	545	255	290	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	735	345	385
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	30,400	31,400	34,800	28,400	50,000	57,050	43,280	34,800	35,400	34,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	195	225	545	255	290	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	735	345	385
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,700	31,800	28,000	27,400	29,800	25,400	39,800	43,800	35,920	30,450	30,700	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	345	165	180	440	220	225	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	600	315	280
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,500	38,000	23,400	29,300	34,000	24,400	49,080	57,750	40,560	32,400	32,000	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	285	145	140	340	185	160	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	480	255	225
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,000	27,600	34,000	39,600	27,600	48,720	55,750	41,240	36,600	36,000	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	175	190	445	200	240	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	655	305	345
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	5,360	13,400	9,000	6,450	11,200	8,250	6,740	9,510	9,540	7,300	11,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	50	25	20	114,595	55,675	58,915	75	50	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	7,400	5,200	10,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	6,800	6,400	7,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	435	200	230	610	300	315	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	795	395	400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	110	60	45	150	80	70	507,645	274,575	233,070	210	125	85
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,000	50,400	40,000	38,400	46,000	36,800	54,400	58,400	50,400	44,800	46,000	42,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,000	62,000	39,000	42,000	48,000	35,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	50,800	51,000	51,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	115	65	50	130	75	50	462,020	227,495	234,530	170	80	95
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	23,000	11,600	22,400	31,200	12,200	21,800	23,200	20,400	19,000	19,000	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	29,000	19,500	28,400	29,000	27,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	23,200	23,200	23,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.0	88.0	62.0	76.5	84.0	67.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	75.5	82.0	70.0
Employment income (%)	69.0	80.0	56.0	68.5	82.0	54.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	69.0	75.0	64.0
Government transfers (%)	25.0	12.8	38.0	23.6	15.0	33.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	24.4	18.0	30.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	2.2	1.6	2.8	1.1	0.8	1.6	2.0	2.6	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	210	...	...	330	...	...	910,355	...	...	480	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	69,500	...	...	66,000	...	...	52,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	62,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	55	...	...	90	...	...	367,395	...	...	235	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	35,200	...	...	34,000	...	...	32,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	155	...	...	235	...	...	542,960	...	...	250	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	77,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	71,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	205	...	...	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	92,700	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	56,800	...	...	74,100	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	105	...	...	367,255	...	...	210	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	40,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,000	...	...	37,500	...	...	40,640	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	135	...	...	195	...	...	543,100	...	...	235	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	210	...	...	330	...	...	910,355	...	...	480	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	25,730	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	57,720	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	40,595	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	41,545	...	...	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	42,630	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	75,485	...	...	55	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	67,695	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	60,495	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	54,055	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	45,830	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	75	...	...	270,265	...	...	80	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	30	...	...	85,635	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	56,205	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	62,095	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	5	...	...	66,335	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	210	...	...	330	...	...	910,355	...	...	480	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	27,485	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	63,030	...	...	50	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	49,660	...	...	45	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	48,815	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	51,055	...	...	50	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	50,890	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	47,120	...	...	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	85,490	...	...	50	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	45	...	...	75,625	...	...	35	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	65,530	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	45,065	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	55	...	...	197,490	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	40	...	...	78,870	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	45,905	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	145	...	...	225	...	...	501,830	...	...	235	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.4	...	...	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	50	...	...	179,195	...	...	80	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	68,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	51,200	...	...	58,800	...	...	75,000	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	110	...	...	208,260	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	55	...	...	95,875	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	53,600	...	...	65,500	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	50,800	...	...	59,600	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	75	45	30	130	60	70	477,085	240,895	236,195	275	120	155
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	31,200	34,000	33,200	39,200	29,200	34,400	34,800	34,000	32,400	31,000	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,800	28,200	31,000	30,200	35,200	28,000	31,200	31,200	31,200	29,800	29,200	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	125	...	...	180	...	...	501,905	...	...	225	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	40	...	...	179,455	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	52,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	48,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	90	...	...	208,375	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	55	...	...	95,455	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	54,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	85	40	50	155	70	85	476,520	240,280	236,245	235	80	155
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,000	52,000	32,000	39,500	46,000	33,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	40,000	45,000	37,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,500	44,000	29,000	32,500	37,000	28,400	37,600	37,920	37,280	34,800	37,500	33,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	575	285	295	870	425	445	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	980	495	485
0 to 17 years	165	90	75	200	115	90	365,020	186,710	178,315	165	95	70
0 to 5 years	55	30	25	60	35	25	120,615	61,615	58,995	65	35	35
18 to 64 years	340	165	175	570	275	295	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	540	280	260
65 years and over	70	25	45	100	40	60	317,425	140,270	177,155	265	115	150
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	90	45	45	160	75	85	321,885	154,370	167,510	185	85	100
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	35	20	10	54,265	27,870	26,395	30	20	10
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	10	5	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	55	30	25	105	45	60	197,020	99,310	97,710	80	40	40
65 years and over	15	10	10	25	5	15	70,600	27,185	43,415	75	30	50
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.2	15.6	14.8	18.4	17.5	19.2	16.4	16.0	16.9	19.2	18.0	20.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	10.0	14.0	17.0	20.0	14.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	17.0	20.0	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	16.0	x	16.0	20.0	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	16.0	20.0	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	16.0	17.0	15.0	18.4	16.5	20.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	14.8	14.0	15.2
65 years and over (%)	20.0	25.0	16.0	22.0	20.0	24.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	30.0	26.0	33.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	580	285	290	870	425	445	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	975	490	485
0 to 17 years	165	90	80	200	110	90	365,025	186,705	178,315	170	100	75
0 to 5 years	55	30	25	65	35	25	120,610	61,615	58,995	65	30	30
18 to 64 years	340	170	175	570	275	295	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	545	285	260
65 years and over	75	30	40	100	40	60	317,425	140,265	177,155	265	115	155
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	40	25	15	80	35	45	213,720	108,905	104,815	100	55	45
0 to 17 years	5	5	5	10	5	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	20	10	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5	0	5	9,970	5,080	4,890	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	30	15	10	60	25	35	153,385	81,765	71,620	60	35	25
65 years and over	5	0	5	5	0	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	20	5	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	8.0	6.0	9.2	8.0	10.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	10.4	10.8	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.0	4.0	5.0	7.0	6.0	6.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	10.0	10.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	12.0	12.0	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	10.0	7.0	10.4	10.0	11.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	11.6	14.0	9.5
65 years and over (%)	5.0	x	x	6.0	x	8.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	7.6	4.0	10.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	575	285	295	870	430	445	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	980	495	485
In bottom half of the distribution	440	215	225	640	315	325	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	745	365	380
In bottom decile	80	45	35	130	60	70	298,540	147,890	150,655	155	75	80
In second decile	95	50	45	140	70	70	244,435	115,985	128,450	160	75	80
In third decile	95	35	60	160	80	85	240,895	116,550	124,345	160	75	80
In fourth decile	100	45	50	105	60	50	218,125	105,885	112,240	175	90	90
In fifth decile	80	40	35	105	45	55	194,765	95,185	99,580	95	50	45
In top half of the distribution	140	65	70	230	115	120	762,590	384,140	378,450	235	130	105
In sixth decile	35	15	25	75	30	40	172,200	85,100	87,095	90	50	45
In seventh decile	60	35	25	65	25	35	156,540	78,290	78,250	55	35	20
In eighth decile	20	5	10	65	30	30	144,120	72,600	71,525	40	25	15
In ninth decile	10	10	5	20	10	5	134,265	68,285	65,980	45	25	20
In top decile	10	5	0	15	10	0	155,465	79,870	75,595	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	580	...	...	870	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	975	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.248	...	...	0.299	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.263	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436	...	...	0.486	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.454	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.221	...	...	0.252	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.235	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	580	285	290	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	975	490	485
English only	15	5	5	230	115	115	262,290	133,690	128,600	35	20	20
French only	330	150	180	155	70	85	486,845	221,005	265,840	500	230	265
English and French	225	125	95	450	230	225	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	440	240	200
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	35	15	15	45,860	18,340	27,520	10	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	580	285	290	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	975	490	485
English	60	35	25	405	210	195	605,220	303,380	301,835	90	40	50
French	465	220	250	315	145	165	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	820	405	415
English and French	50	35	20	125	55	70	173,785	88,480	85,300	60	40	20
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	30	15	15	44,430	17,640	26,790	10	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	580	285	290	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	975	490	485
Single responses	530	255	275	765	375	390	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	915	465	460
Official languages	300	150	145	335	165	165	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	635	315	315
English	25	20	5	160	90	70	322,315	162,085	160,230	50	20	25
French	280	135	140	175	75	95	870,975	428,435	442,540	585	295	290
Non-official languages	230	105	130	435	210	225	643,275	311,525	331,750	285	145	140
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	230	105	130	435	210	225	642,820	311,370	331,445	285	145	140
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	125	65	65	129,195	68,395	60,805	60	35	30
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	5	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	115	55	60	112,200	59,320	52,880	55	30	30
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	40	20	20	105	55	55	107,605	56,960	50,645	55	30	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	10	5	5	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	24,640	11,340	13,300	15	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	5	5	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	18,505	7,175	11,330	5	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	5	10	13,350	5,085	8,265	5	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	70	25	45	15	5	10	37,690	16,985	20,705	80	35	45
Haitian Creole	45	15	25	10	5	5	27,565	12,185	15,375	55	25	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	5	5	5	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	25	5	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	40	30	15	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	40	30	15	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	45	50	180	80	100	329,415	158,980	170,435	110	60	50
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	37,235	16,405	20,835	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	36,800	16,245	20,555	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	5	0	5	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	5	5	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	35	15	25	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	55	25	35	68,600	36,145	32,455	10	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	48,035	25,870	22,165	5	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	5	5	10,220	5,260	4,960	10	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	5	5	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25	5	15	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	5	10	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	5	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	45	45	50	25	30	183,755	87,295	96,460	95	45	50
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	35	20	15	5	5	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	25	10	15
Portuguese	5	0	0	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	50	25	25	40	20	20	85,395	41,150	44,250	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	15	5	5	13,775	6,870	6,905	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	0	1,715	770	945	10	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	35	15	15	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	35	15	15	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	5	5	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15	10	5	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	5	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	25	20	105	45	55	143,450	71,980	71,470	60	35	30
English and French	10	10	0	20	5	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	45	25	25	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	25	15	15	47,185	23,615	23,570	35	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	15	5	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	580	285	290	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	975	490	485
English	40	20	20	170	90	80	340,470	170,050	170,425	40	20	25
French	260	140	125	170	80	90	779,125	383,000	396,125	595	295	295
Non-official language	60	25	35	155	70	85	204,395	96,705	107,690	55	25	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	25	35	155	70	85	204,315	96,670	107,645	55	25	25
English and French	20	15	10	45	20	25	173,135	89,205	83,935	50	25	30
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	135	75	65	135,390	66,995	68,400	20	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	145	55	85	95	45	50	180,900	85,935	94,965	150	75	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	100	50	45	154,470	76,450	78,020	65	40	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	580	285	290	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	975	490	485
Single responses	510	250	255	760	370	395	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	905	455	450
Official languages	390	190	195	480	240	235	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	775	385	390
English	50	30	20	240	125	115	479,850	239,270	240,580	75	30	40
French	335	165	175	235	115	120	956,130	471,155	484,975	700	355	350
Non-official languages	120	55	65	285	125	160	370,290	177,955	192,335	130	75	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	55	65	285	125	160	370,125	177,895	192,235	130	75	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	60	25	35	66,095	34,080	32,015	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	5	55	25	35	58,585	30,100	28,490	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	5	50	20	30	56,520	29,075	27,445	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	5	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	5	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	15	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	5	5	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	5	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	10	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	10,910	4,620	6,295	5	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	5	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	5	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	10	20	10	5	5	17,685	7,840	9,845	30	15	10
Haitian Creole	15	5	5	5	5	5	12,780	5,515	7,265	25	15	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	30	15	15	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	20	25	135	60	75	188,550	90,370	98,185	50	25	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	5	0	5	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	5	5	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	35	15	20	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	45	15	25	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	5	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	5	5	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	15	10	10	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	5	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	20	35	15	20	95,835	44,515	51,315	45	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	5	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	15	5	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	10	35	15	15	54,335	26,035	28,300	30	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	5	5	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15	10	5	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	10	5	5	5	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	15	5	10	5	5	5	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	35	35	110	55	55	173,745	85,640	88,110	75	35	35
English and French	10	5	5	25	15	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	15	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	45	20	20	39,365	19,140	20,225	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	25	15	15	57,355	27,790	29,565	50	25	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	15	5	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	10	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	580	285	295	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	975	495	485
None	420	210	210	570	280	295	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	735	365	370
English	20	15	10	75	35	35	131,630	67,290	64,340	50	25	30
French	55	30	30	50	20	35	126,780	62,180	64,600	55	30	30
Non-official language	55	20	40	95	45	45	144,335	69,210	75,130	90	50	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	55	20	40	95	45	45	144,155	69,135	75,015	90	50	40
English and French	5	0	0	30	10	15	34,410	17,320	17,090	20	15	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	15	15	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	20	10	10	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	5	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	565	280	290	720	360	360	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	890	445	450
Official languages	550	280	280	690	340	350	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	890	445	445
English	225	130	100	605	300	305	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	435	245	190
French	555	280	275	480	245	235	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	880	440	435
Non-official languages	325	145	185	505	255	245	971,455	471,755	499,700	385	195	190
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	325	145	185	505	255	245	970,710	471,495	499,220	385	195	190
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	20	35	145	80	65	217,295	113,605	103,690	50	25	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	15	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	20	35	145	80	65	205,120	107,210	97,905	45	25	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	60	20	35	140	80	60	188,115	98,545	89,565	45	25	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	35	30	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	110	40	75	45	20	25	76,295	34,775	41,520	160	65	90
Haitian Creole	110	40	75	15	10	10	67,895	30,695	37,205	145	55	90
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	15	10	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	25	15	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	65	35	25	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	65	35	25	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	60	55	190	90	100	514,485	250,190	264,295	150	75	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	65	30	35	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	65	30	35	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	20	0	15	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	40	15	25	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	15	0	10	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	35	20	20	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	55	25	30	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	50	25	25	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	15	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	30	15	15	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	60	50	50	30	20	324,695	154,360	170,340	135	65	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	50	40	10	25	15	15	107,285	51,300	55,985	40	10	25
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	55	25	30	30	20	10	193,835	91,345	102,490	90	50	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	10	15	10	10	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	35	15	20	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	0	15	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	25	15	10	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	10	10	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	570	275	290	720	355	360	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	895	445	445
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15	0	15	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	15	0	10
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15	0	15	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	15	0	10
Métis	15	0	15	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	555	275	275	720	355	360	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	880	445	435
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	570	275	290	720	355	360	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	895	445	445
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	570	275	290	720	355	360	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	890	445	445
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	205	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
Owner	55	...	...	95	...	...	360,125	...	...	95	...	...
Renter	145	...	...	210	...	...	550,240	...	...	350	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	205	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
Condominium	40	...	...	25	...	...	192,985	...	...	20	...	...
Not condominium	165	...	...	280	...	...	717,375	...	...	425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	205	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	15	...	...	80	...	...	267,715	...	...	125	...	...
2 bedrooms	65	...	...	75	...	...	303,875	...	...	215	...	...
3 bedrooms	100	...	...	115	...	...	220,945	...	...	60	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	25	...	...	98,090	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	205	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	65	...	...	160	...	...	501,570	...	...	335	...	...
5 rooms	85	...	...	90	...	...	166,230	...	...	40	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	25	...	...	78,495	...	...	35	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	15	...	...	58,850	...	...	15	...	...
8 or more rooms	20	...	...	10	...	...	105,210	...	...	25	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.2	...	...	4.3	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	205	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
One person or fewer per room	195	...	...	290	...	...	881,730	...	...	435	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	10	...	...	28,630	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	205	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
Suitable	180	...	...	260	...	...	834,885	...	...	390	...	...
Not suitable	25	...	...	40	...	...	75,475	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	205	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
1960 or before	35	...	...	50	...	...	325,005	...	...	120	...	...
1961 to 1980	160	...	...	180	...	...	282,605	...	...	160	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	40	...	...	101,185	...	...	40	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	10	...	...	63,765	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	20	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	15	...	...	32,875	...	...	50	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	205	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	170	...	...	270	...	...	833,540	...	...	425	...	...
Major repairs needed	40	...	...	30	...	...	76,815	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	205	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
One-maintainer household	120	...	...	190	...	...	543,605	...	...	310	...	...
Two-maintainer household	75	...	...	75	...	...	333,140	...	...	120	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	35	...	...	33,620	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	205	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	25	...	...	35	...	...	162,375	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	10	...	...	55	...	...	171,535	...	...	65	...	...
45 to 54 years	75	...	...	70	...	...	155,520	...	...	75	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	90	...	...	156,865	...	...	105	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	25	...	...	122,825	...	...	100	...	...
75 to 84 years	25	...	...	30	...	...	70,345	...	...	45	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	205	...	...	295	...	...	902,485	...	...	445	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	185	...	...	686,075	...	...	310	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	60	...	...	115	...	...	216,410	...	...	130	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45	...	...	105	...	...	189,795	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	205	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	445	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	155	...	...	330,635	...	...	195	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	45	...	...	85	...	...	186,350	...	...	120	...	...
Not suitable only	25	...	...	20	...	...	56,480	...	...	45	...	...
Major repairs needed only	30	...	...	20	...	...	50,745	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	20	...	...	10,995	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	15	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	95	...	...	145	...	...	579,720	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	195	...	...	285	...	...	875,865	...	...	445	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	35	...	...	87,945	...	...	90	...	...
Not in core need	170	...	...	250	...	...	787,925	...	...	355	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	60	...	...	90	...	...	360,120	...	...	100	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.7	...	...	77.8	...	...	60.0	...	...	65.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.0	...	...	50.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	15.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	2,060	...	...	1,370	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,560	...	...	2,080	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,180	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	700,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	640,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	335,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	145	...	...	210	...	...	550,235	...	...	345	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	7.1	...	...	8.4	...	...	5.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.0	...	...	35.7	...	...	28.4	...	...	33.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.5	...	...	17.1	...	...	14.6	...	...	23.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	890	...	...	890	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	950	...	...	987	...	...	892	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	565	275	290	715	355	360	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	895	445	450
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	10	0	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	0	10	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	10	0	10
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	15	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	15	0	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	550	275	275	710	355	350	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	870	440	430
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	565	275	295	715	360	365	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	890	445	450
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	485	245	245	545	270	280	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	780	380	400
Canadian citizens aged under 18	140	80	60	105	60	40	322,965	164,980	157,985	90	45	40
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	345	165	180	445	205	235	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	690	330	360
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	85	30	50	170	85	80	313,410	160,530	152,885	115	70	50
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	565	275	295	715	360	365	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	890	445	450
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	325	185	145	250	135	115	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	605	290	315
Immigrants⁸¹	235	90	140	400	175	220	652,730	313,955	338,770	210	125	90
Before 1980	40	25	15	60	15	45	108,265	50,530	57,735	35	15	20
1980 to 1990	35	15	25	50	35	15	69,695	34,150	35,545	35	15	20
1991 to 2000	10	0	0	80	35	45	106,810	50,520	56,290	40	20	15
2001 to 2010	75	25	45	80	35	40	154,780	74,520	80,255	45	30	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	75	20	50	135	55	75	213,175	104,225	108,950	55	40	15
2011 to 2015	65	15	50	80	35	50	99,070	48,005	51,065	15	10	10
2016 to 2021	15	10	0	50	20	25	114,110	56,220	57,885	35	30	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	0	0	70	45	25	138,240	75,380	62,860	80	30	45
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	235	90	145	400	180	220	652,725	313,955	338,770	210	120	85
Under 5 years	20	10	0	10	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	20	10	0
5 to 14 years	65	30	35	90	40	50	103,285	51,965	51,320	55	30	25
15 to 24 years	35	0	35	65	20	45	118,475	53,035	65,440	25	25	0
25 to 44 years	100	40	60	190	90	100	326,320	158,620	167,700	105	45	55
45 years and over	10	0	10	50	25	20	51,660	23,520	28,140	10	10	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	235	90	145	400	180	220	652,725	313,955	338,770	210	120	85
Americas	135	50	90	60	30	35	137,955	63,465	74,485	95	50	45
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	90	25	60	10	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	65	35	30
Jamaica	0	0	0	10	10	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	10	10	0	10	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	20	0	10	33,410	15,245	18,160	15	0	10
Europe	20	10	15	60	20	40	158,795	76,610	82,190	20	15	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	15	0	10	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	20	10	15	10	0	10	32,485	15,325	17,165	10	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	65	35	35	125	55	70	152,205	77,515	74,690	70	45	25
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	35	15	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	10	0	10	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	40	15	20	45	25	20	37,215	18,545	18,670	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	70	25	40	47,960	24,705	23,260	30	25	0
Asia	10	0	10	150	75	80	202,715	95,775	106,935	25	20	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20	15	10	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	30	15	20	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	25	20	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	35	15	15	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	20	10	15	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10	10	0	50	20	30	114,110	56,220	57,885	35	30	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	25	10	20	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	15	0	10	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	565	275	290	720	355	360	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	895	445	445
First generation¹⁰⁰	245	95	150	465	220	250	813,905	400,325	413,580	300	165	135
Second generation¹⁰¹	220	120	95	190	110	85	424,225	212,755	211,475	175	90	85
Third generation or more¹⁰²	105	60	50	60	30	30	721,230	352,590	368,630	420	195	225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	195	70	130	340	160	180	544,455	263,425	281,040	175	105	70
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	90	40	50	165	80	80	303,105	155,090	148,020	80	55	25
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	50	30	20	85	50	30	151,015	87,200	63,815	30	25	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	40	15	30	80	30	45	152,090	67,890	84,205	50	30	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	50	10	40	115	50	70	146,645	59,645	87,000	70	35	35
Refugees¹⁰⁸	45	15	25	45	25	25	85,165	44,145	41,025	20	10	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	15	20	10	10	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	195	70	130	340	160	180	544,455	263,425	281,040	175	105	70
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	15	20	60	35	25	53,655	28,340	25,310	20	10	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	10	30	20	10	56,685	26,490	30,195	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	15	0	15	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	10	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	10	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	125	45	85	225	105	120	387,815	184,015	203,795	145	85	60
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	570	275	290	720	355	360	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	895	450	445
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	355	160	205	430	210	215	737,510	363,785	373,725	410	225	185
South Asian	0	0	0	110	55	55	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	35	20	20	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	190	80	115	145	70	70	208,805	101,125	107,680	250	140	115
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	85	45	50	95	50	50	151,890	79,375	72,515	30	15	20
Latin American	45	20	25	10	10	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	60	35	20
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	10	10	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	40	30	15
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	205	115	85	290	145	145	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	485	225	265
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	565	275	290	720	360	360	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	890	445	450
Canadian	45	15	25	0	0	0	241,015	115,880	125,135	180	80	100
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	30	20	10
Scottish	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	60	40	25	45	15	30	336,880	169,710	167,170	105	35	70
German	0	0	0	35	10	25	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	45	20	25	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	55	35	15	25	15	10	156,025	76,485	79,535	45	10	30
Indian (India)	0	0	0	50	15	35	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	25	10	15	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	30	10	15	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	30	15	15	15	10	10	108,910	54,650	54,260	65	35	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	45	25	20
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	15	0	10
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	25	10	15	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	10	10	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	25	0	20	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	90	55	35	35,410	17,485	17,930	25	10	0
Jewish	0	0	0	35	20	15	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	40	15	15	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	35	15	20	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	55	35	20	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	20	0	20
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	150	60	90	15	10	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	210	100	105
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	55	30	25	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	20	20	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	15	20	50	25	25	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	40	15	20	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	10	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	25	10	15
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	25	10	15	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	10	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	15	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	10	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	570	275	290	720	355	360	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	895	445	445
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	410	190	215	340	165	180	969,945	451,410	518,540	690	305	385
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	75	35	40	30	10	25	116,635	55,545	61,090	145	65	80
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	215	105	110	145	70	80	675,695	314,690	361,010	455	200	255
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	70	35	40	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	20	10	0	10	0	10	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	35	20	15	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	100	40	55	15	10	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	55	20	30
Hindu	0	0	0	80	40	35	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	60	25	35	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	105	50	55	95	55	40	233,440	121,145	112,290	55	30	25
Sikh	0	0	0	20	10	10	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	50	30	20	115	65	50	590,140	310,985	279,165	140	105	35
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	565	275	295	710	355	360	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	885	440	440
Non-movers	500	235	265	600	290	310	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	780	385	400
Movers	65	40	30	110	60	50	255,365	129,500	125,865	100	55	40
Non-migrants	60	35	30	80	50	30	186,805	94,745	92,055	70	30	40
Migrants	0	0	0	30	15	20	68,560	34,750	33,810	30	30	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	10	0	10	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	10	0	10	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	15	10	10	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	540	265	275	690	335	350	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	850	420	430
Non-movers	385	180	205	350	170	185	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	470	250	220
Movers	160	80	70	335	165	165	821,475	413,250	408,230	380	175	205
Non-migrants	120	55	60	250	120	125	433,700	216,030	217,670	195	90	100
Migrants	40	25	15	85	45	40	387,770	197,215	190,560	185	80	105
Internal migrants	20	15	0	25	15	10	190,035	93,955	96,075	95	35	60
Intraprovincial migrants	20	15	0	25	15	10	159,710	78,770	80,940	90	35	55
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	20	10	10	55	30	30	197,735	103,260	94,485	95	50	45
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	435	205	230	610	300	315	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	795	395	400
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	140	55	85	110	60	50	274,820	136,500	138,320	220	105	115
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	295	145	145	500	235	270	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	575	290	285
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	270	130	135	405	200	205	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	460	215	245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	25	40	40	20	20	121,295	65,950	55,345	100	50	45
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	205	105	100	370	180	185	975,700	481,690	494,005	360	160	200
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	430	205	230	610	295	315	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	795	400	400
No certificate, diploma or degree	125	45	80	110	60	45	247,460	120,840	126,625	205	90	110
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	85	65	20	175	80	90	319,755	162,520	157,240	255	145	105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	220	90	130	330	155	170	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	335	160	180
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	85	100	170	80	85	473,060	232,855	240,210	235	100	135
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	85	45	40	40	15	25	146,170	81,740	64,425	110	30	75
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	70	40	35	40	10	25	106,110	54,025	52,085	95	30	65
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	10	0	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	15	0	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	85	30	60	100	55	45	260,845	122,345	138,495	125	60	60
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	25	15	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	35	10	25	160	75	90	609,855	291,355	318,505	100	60	45
Bachelor's degree	35	10	25	105	40	60	344,605	160,320	184,285	75	45	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	10	10	58,945	27,280	31,665	10	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	35	20	15	159,510	78,325	81,190	20	10	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	270	130	140	405	195	210	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	465	210	250
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	20	35	40	20	20	102,815	55,805	47,015	90	45	50
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	40	40	0	100	40	60	162,205	88,420	73,785	125	70	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	170	65	105	270	140	125	831,975	403,420	428,555	250	100	150
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	55	85	135	70	65	333,160	167,260	165,895	160	55	105
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	35	35	40	15	25	110,390	60,690	49,700	85	20	65
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	65	30	30	35	15	25	81,090	40,585	40,505	70	15	50
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	20	0	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	25	40	80	50	35	174,185	84,745	89,445	70	30	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	10	10	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	35	10	25	135	70	65	498,815	236,155	262,665	90	45	40
Bachelor's degree	35	10	25	90	45	40	276,640	128,890	147,745	65	40	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	0	10	48,390	21,995	26,395	10	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	30	15	10	137,150	66,720	70,430	15	10	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	430	200	225	615	295	315	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	795	400	395
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	210	115	100	285	145	140	567,220	283,355	283,860	455	240	215
Education	15	0	15	15	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	0	15
13. Education	15	0	15	15	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	0	10	0	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	15	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	10	0	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	15	0	10
Humanities	0	0	0	40	20	20	78,920	30,815	48,110	25	20	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15	0	15	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	15	10	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	15	15	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	10	10	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	0	15	45	25	20	157,220	58,185	99,040	25	10	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15	0	10	28,365	11,670	16,690	10	10	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	30	20	15	59,300	29,185	30,110	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	40	15	30	65	25	40	248,895	110,950	137,945	80	20	60
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	15	30	65	25	40	237,125	108,040	129,090	75	15	60
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	20	20	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	20	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	15	15	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	30	0	35	25	10	173,380	143,615	29,765	75	75	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	20	15	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	25	25	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	0	10	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	0	40	40	10	35	122,295	30,795	91,495	55	0	50
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	35	40	10	35	109,185	24,140	85,045	55	0	50
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	20	15	30	20	15	42,230	22,590	19,640	25	10	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	20	0	15	26,800	9,745	17,060	25	10	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15	10	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	270	130	135	410	200	210	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	460	215	245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	95	65	35	140	60	80	265,025	144,230	120,800	210	115	100
Education	15	0	15	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	15	0	15
13. Education	15	0	15	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	10	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	15	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	10	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	15	0	10
Humanities	0	0	0	35	10	20	52,565	20,765	31,805	25	20	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	20	10	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	15	15	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	10	40	20	20	121,985	44,105	77,880	20	0	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	30	20	10	44,580	21,945	22,635	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	30	15	15	50	25	25	199,525	87,920	111,600	70	20	55
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	15	15	50	25	25	190,410	85,600	104,810	65	15	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	20	15	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	15	15	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	20	20	0	25	20	10	137,395	112,025	25,370	50	50	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	15	10	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	0	35	35	10	25	92,595	23,265	69,330	35	0	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	30	10	25	82,410	18,370	64,045	35	0	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	10	15	25	15	15	32,910	17,695	15,220	20	0	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	20	10	15	20,670	7,455	13,220	20	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	20	10	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	270	130	135	410	200	210	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	460	215	245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	95	65	35	140	60	80	265,025	144,230	120,800	210	115	100
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	175	70	105	265	140	125	831,975	403,415	428,560	250	100	145
Location of study inside Canada	145	50	95	160	90	75	598,455	286,340	312,115	215	80	135
Same as province or territory of residence	145	50	95	160	85	75	566,540	270,160	296,380	205	80	130
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	10	0	10
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	25	15	10	105	50	55	233,520	117,075	116,445	30	20	10
Americas	0	0	0	30	10	20	41,560	21,015	20,550	10	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	15	0	10	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	10	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	15	0	10	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	25	15	10	15	10	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	15	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	10	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	10	10	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	45	20	25	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	10	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	15	0	10	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	430	205	230	610	295	315	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	795	400	400
In the labour force	255	140	115	315	170	145	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	450	250	200
Employed	220	125	95	260	145	115	971,245	502,885	468,360	360	190	170
Unemployed	35	15	20	50	25	30	110,395	58,460	51,935	90	60	30
Not in the labour force	180	65	115	300	130	170	568,495	246,215	322,280	345	145	200
Participation rate	59.3	68.3	50.0	51.6	57.6	46.0	65.5	69.5	61.8	56.6	62.5	50.0
Employment rate	51.2	61.0	41.3	42.6	49.2	36.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	45.3	47.5	42.5
Unemployment rate	13.7	10.7	17.4	15.9	14.7	20.7	10.2	10.4	10.0	20.0	24.0	15.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	430	200	225	615	295	320	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	795	400	395
Did not work¹⁸⁶	165	60	105	285	120	165	582,470	253,075	329,400	380	175	205
Worked	265	140	120	325	175	145	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	410	220	190
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	105	60	50	155	80	75	529,400	287,950	241,450	215	120	90
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	155	85	75	170	95	75	538,265	266,540	271,725	195	100	95
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.2	36.8	37.6	37.7	38.0	37.2	39.7	40.2	39.3	38.8	38.8	38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	250	140	110	315	170	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	445	250	195
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	20	10	15	31,515	15,365	16,150	45	35	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	240	140	100	295	160	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	405	220	185
Employee	215	115	95	270	150	130	907,745	457,830	449,915	355	180	170
Permanent position	155	85	75	240	130	110	741,830	380,445	361,385	265	120	140
Temporary position	55	35	20	35	20	20	165,915	77,385	88,530	95	60	30
Fixed term (1 year or more)	30	15	10	15	10	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	40	15	25
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	15	10	20	10	15	96,225	46,100	50,120	55	45	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	20	10	20	15	0	142,380	88,145	54,230	50	35	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	250	140	110	315	170	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	445	250	195
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	20	10	15	31,515	15,365	16,150	45	35	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	240	140	100	295	160	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	405	220	185
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	20	0	10	65	35	35	207,660	79,975	127,685	75	40	30
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	40	30	10	114,775	85,780	28,990	30	20	0
3 Health occupations	20	0	15	15	10	10	85,545	21,700	63,845	40	0	40
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	30	10	20	35	15	25	140,500	46,385	94,115	40	15	25
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	10	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	15	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	110	60	45	60	40	20	263,055	135,300	127,750	135	65	70
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	35	35	0	30	20	15	109,555	99,115	10,440	60	60	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20	10	0	35	20	15	42,380	28,195	14,185	25	10	15
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	250	140	110	315	170	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	445	250	195
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	20	10	15	31,515	15,365	16,150	45	35	10
All industries¹⁹¹	240	140	100	295	160	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	405	220	185
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	20	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	10	10	0	65	35	25	86,535	58,295	28,235	30	15	20
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	20	10	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	25	20	10
44-45 Retail trade	65	45	25	35	15	20	111,555	56,180	55,375	55	25	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	20	0	30	10	15	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	10	10	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	10	10	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	15	15	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	0	15	30	10	15	130,405	75,750	54,655	10	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	50	40	10
61 Educational services	15	0	15	25	15	10	95,290	34,510	60,780	25	0	20
62 Health care and social assistance	35	10	25	30	15	15	142,545	36,095	106,450	75	0	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	25	10	10	30	20	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	10	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	15	0	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	40	30	10
91 Public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	20	10	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	285	155	125	345	190	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	460	255	210
English	20	15	0	135	70	60	201,310	110,165	91,150	20	0	15
French	190	85	105	55	30	25	416,430	206,170	210,265	275	165	110
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	60	45	20	145	85	60	473,485	249,700	223,785	135	65	65
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	28,645	14,450	14,195	15	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	285	155	125	345	190	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	460	255	210
Single responses	255	130	120	320	165	150	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	435	245	185
Official languages	250	130	120	315	160	150	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	435	245	185
English	30	20	10	185	100	90	361,715	194,885	166,835	60	35	25
French	220	110	115	125	65	60	645,885	327,180	318,705	370	215	160
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	25	0	30	20	10	126,180	65,940	60,240	25	0	20
English and French	30	20	0	25	20	0	116,535	60,925	55,605	25	0	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	285	155	125	345	190	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	460	255	210
None	240	125	115	210	125	90	743,180	381,875	361,305	325	185	140
English	30	20	10	75	40	30	219,885	116,455	103,430	80	40	40
French	10	0	0	60	25	30	149,470	78,495	70,975	25	20	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	15	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	15	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	220	120	95	260	145	115	971,245	502,885	468,360	360	190	170
Worked at home	20	0	10	35	25	15	298,820	151,335	147,485	55	40	20
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	25	25	0	0	0	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	45	35	10
Usual place of work	170	90	80	225	125	105	580,035	286,695	293,340	255	120	135
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	170	90	80	225	125	100	580,035	286,695	293,340	255	120	135
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	140	75	65	160	90	70	427,475	202,010	225,465	215	90	120
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	55	25	25	91,735	47,670	44,070	15	0	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	30	15	10	0	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	25	20	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	200	110	85	230	120	100	669,150	349,485	319,665	305	155	150
Car, truck or van	105	70	40	120	90	35	395,615	229,315	166,300	195	110	85
Car, truck or van - as a driver	95	60	40	105	75	30	365,770	218,475	147,295	185	105	85
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	20	15	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	10	0	0
Public transit	65	35	30	90	35	50	177,860	74,605	103,260	95	35	60
Walked	25	0	15	10	0	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	200	110	85	230	120	100	669,150	349,485	319,665	305	155	150
Less than 15 minutes	45	25	20	55	25	30	125,240	61,185	64,055	30	10	20
15 to 29 minutes	55	35	20	95	60	35	241,005	129,590	111,420	85	35	55
30 to 44 minutes	40	15	30	45	25	20	176,925	96,710	80,215	105	65	40
45 to 59 minutes	20	10	0	25	15	15	67,635	33,110	34,530	55	35	20
60 minutes and over	40	20	20	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	30	10	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	200	110	85	230	120	100	669,150	349,485	319,665	305	155	150
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	10	0	15	15	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	30	30	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40	30	15	20	10	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	45	25	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20	10	15	40	15	30	166,695	79,410	87,280	95	50	45
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	20	0	20	65	30	30	149,185	68,865	80,320	40	15	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45	20	20	40	25	15	106,855	50,615	56,240	45	10	35
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	55	45	10	55	35	25	112,350	65,830	46,520	55	25	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	170	95	75	205	115	90	371,310	189,920	181,390	175	95	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	15	15	65	35	30	109,065	56,315	52,750	35	20	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	140	75	65	140	75	65	262,245	133,605	128,640	140	80	60
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	120	65	55	150	85	70	264,905	135,505	129,395	115	70	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	10	60	35	25	82,880	42,755	40,130	25	15	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	10	10	50	30	20	67,535	34,945	32,590	20	15	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	10	5	10	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	100	50	50	95	50	45	182,020	92,755	89,270	90	55	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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