Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662745More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24663471More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24663048More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	770	...	...	899	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	1,022	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	296	...	...	491	...	...	976,966	...	...	349	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	284	...	...	472	...	...	910,359	...	...	336	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14,128.4	...	...	36,104.4	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	5,477.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.05	...	...	0.02	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.19	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	770	370	400	900	435	470	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	1,020	395	630
0 to 14 years	130	60	70	140	75	65	309,765	158,545	151,225	95	40	55
0 to 4 years	35	20	15	45	20	25	99,195	50,760	48,435	25	10	10
5 to 9 years	45	20	25	40	30	15	106,985	54,660	52,320	35	20	20
10 to 14 years	45	15	30	50	25	30	103,590	53,120	50,470	40	15	25
15 to 64 years	515	255	260	665	320	345	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	410	190	220
15 to 19 years	50	20	35	40	20	20	97,525	49,340	48,180	35	15	20
20 to 24 years	55	20	35	50	30	20	140,025	70,895	69,125	30	15	15
25 to 29 years	60	35	25	75	35	45	165,525	83,630	81,895	50	25	20
30 to 34 years	35	20	20	90	40	45	157,725	78,995	78,730	45	25	20
35 to 39 years	55	30	30	120	55	60	149,265	74,115	75,155	35	25	15
40 to 44 years	40	20	20	100	40	60	142,365	70,920	71,445	45	15	30
45 to 49 years	55	20	35	70	35	35	125,505	62,690	62,815	50	25	25
50 to 54 years	45	30	25	55	35	20	121,710	61,735	59,975	45	20	20
55 to 59 years	60	40	25	45	20	25	125,465	63,810	61,655	40	15	25
60 to 64 years	55	25	30	30	10	20	118,065	57,920	60,140	40	15	30
65 years and over	125	50	75	95	35	60	351,325	151,210	200,120	515	160	360
65 to 69 years	25	10	15	40	20	20	99,325	46,730	52,595	50	25	25
70 to 74 years	35	10	20	20	10	15	86,030	39,185	46,845	35	10	20
75 to 79 years	30	10	15	15	5	15	63,215	27,320	35,895	65	20	50
80 to 84 years	30	10	15	10	5	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	110	30	80
85 years and over	15	5	15	5	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	260	75	185
85 to 89 years	15	5	5	0	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	135	40	100
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	100	30	65
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	20	5	15
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	5	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	16.2	17.5	15.6	17.2	13.8	15.5	16.1	14.8	9.3	10.1	8.7
15 to 64 years	66.9	68.9	65.0	73.9	73.6	73.4	67.0	68.5	65.6	40.2	48.1	34.9
65 years and over	16.2	13.5	18.8	10.6	8.0	12.8	17.5	15.4	19.6	50.5	40.5	57.1
85 years and over	1.9	1.4	3.8	0.6	0.0	1.1	2.8	1.9	3.6	25.5	19.0	29.4
Average age of the population	40.9	40.7	41.1	37.8	36.0	39.4	41.0	39.8	42.1	59.5	53.2	63.4
Median age of the population	40.4	40.4	39.6	37.6	36.4	38.8	39.6	38.4	40.4	66.0	51.6	75.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	280	...	...	470	...	...	910,360	...	...	335	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	85	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	165	...	...	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	115	...	...	55	...	...	479,885	...	...	160	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	415	...	...	148,935	...	...	65	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	285	...	...	470	...	...	910,355	...	...	335	...	...
1 person	80	...	...	240	...	...	367,400	...	...	145	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	115	...	...	271,730	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	55	...	...	60	...	...	118,205	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	50	...	...	98,205	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	40	...	...	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	25	...	...
Number of persons in private households	770	365	405	900	430	470	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	700	315	385
Average household size	2.7	...	...	1.9	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	640	305	335	760	355	400	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	930	350	575
Married or living common-law	330	160	165	325	165	160	822,440	414,330	408,115	380	185	195
Married	295	145	150	270	135	135	577,060	289,455	287,600	305	150	155
Living common-law	40	20	20	55	25	25	245,385	124,870	120,510	80	35	40
Living common law - Never married	25	10	10	50	25	25	207,040	104,785	102,250	50	25	25
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	5	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	0	5	5	0	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	20	5	15
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	310	150	165	435	195	240	872,060	410,935	461,125	545	165	385
Not married and not living common law - Never married	215	105	110	310	160	155	627,845	333,150	294,700	260	115	145
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	10	5	25	10	15	34,795	14,820	19,975	20	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	50	20	30	85	25	55	126,605	46,380	80,225	65	25	40
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	30	10	25	15	5	15	82,815	16,590	66,225	205	20	185
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	205	...	...	210	...	...	495,445	...	...	180	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	100	...	...	251,075	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	55	...	...	45	...	...	107,265	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	50	...	...	93,300	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	200	...	...	205	...	...	495,445	...	...	180	...	...
Total couple families	155	...	...	160	...	...	395,645	...	...	135	...	...
Married couples	140	...	...	130	...	...	273,070	...	...	100	...	...
With children⁶	100	...	...	80	...	...	162,745	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	55	...	...	110,325	...	...	50	...	...
Common-law couples	20	...	...	25	...	...	122,570	...	...	35	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	10	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	15	...	...	77,700	...	...	25	...	...
Total one-parent families	45	...	...	55	...	...	99,805	...	...	45	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	35	...	...	40	...	...	80,530	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	770	365	405	900	430	470	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	700	315	385
Total - Persons in census families	645	305	340	590	285	300	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	510	235	270
Married spouses or common-law partners	315	160	160	315	155	155	791,280	398,495	392,785	270	135	135
Parents in one-parent families	50	5	40	50	10	35	99,805	19,275	80,525	45	5	40
Children⁶	280	140	145	220	110	105	541,905	284,935	256,965	195	100	95
In a two-parent family	215	105	105	145	75	65	392,250	205,155	187,095	125	65	60
In a one-parent family	75	35	35	80	40	40	149,655	79,785	69,865	65	40	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	125	60	65	310	150	165	526,370	262,915	263,450	195	75	115
Living alone	75	40	40	235	105	130	367,395	175,660	191,740	150	55	90
Living with other relatives⁷	30	10	25	30	10	15	49,280	22,020	27,255	25	15	10
Living with non-relatives only	20	10	5	50	30	15	109,690	65,235	44,455	25	10	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	285	...	...	470	...	...	910,360	...	...	335	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	170	...	...	195	...	...	455,970	...	...	160	...	...
Couple-family households	135	...	...	155	...	...	370,250	...	...	120	...	...
With children⁶	90	...	...	85	...	...	194,165	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	70	...	...	176,085	...	...	65	...	...
One-parent-family households	35	...	...	45	...	...	85,720	...	...	40	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	20	...	...	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	25	...	...	55,210	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	75	...	...	235	...	...	367,395	...	...	145	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	645	305	335	760	355	405	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	605	270	335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	605	290	315	725	345	385	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	585	265	325
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	31,600	29,400	30,200	29,600	30,400	37,600	39,600	36,000	38,400	39,200	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	610	290	315	725	345	385	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	585	265	325
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	29,000	28,400	28,400	27,400	29,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	34,400	34,000	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	520	255	265	640	300	340	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	510	235	285
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	20,200	23,000	18,200	20,400	24,800	17,800	31,000	35,200	27,000	28,000	32,400	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	420	220	200	525	255	270	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	375	195	185
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,400	25,800	23,600	22,000	25,600	19,000	32,800	36,000	29,600	29,400	29,200	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	545	260	290	645	290	350	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	530	230	300
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,600	12,700	14,100	9,600	6,600	12,100	10,800	9,600	12,000	14,400	13,200	14,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75	45	40	75	30	45	171,705	84,570	87,145	60	35	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,920	6,000	4,000	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,080	5,160	5,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	240	140	105	285	135	145	529,640	276,110	253,530	180	100	85
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	10,000	12,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	620	290	330	775	370	395	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	575	245	330
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	585	275	315	755	365	390	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	555	240	315
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	38,400	34,400	34,000	33,200	34,600	53,250	60,050	46,760	49,800	49,200	50,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	595	275	320	755	365	390	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	555	240	315
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,600	33,200	22,800	30,150	29,400	30,900	42,520	46,280	38,960	40,400	38,800	41,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	475	240	235	650	330	325	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	485	205	280
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	30,800	28,800	28,300	29,200	27,400	48,960	57,350	40,640	42,400	46,400	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	420	220	205	530	260	270	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	350	175	170
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,700	32,000	31,200	29,200	31,000	27,400	48,760	55,650	41,480	42,600	46,000	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	535	245	290	645	300	350	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	490	215	280
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,150	12,500	13,700	11,060	8,700	13,100	12,040	10,900	13,040	14,000	11,200	16,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60	30	35	80	35	45	171,360	84,435	86,925	65	35	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,600	7,200	10,400	6,400	14,000	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,600	5,200	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	260	140	115	305	170	140	528,305	276,300	252,005	165	90	75
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	11,200	7,900	8,900	8,600	9,400	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,500	8,400	10,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	620	290	335	775	375	400	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	575	245	330
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	95	80	190	100	85	514,340	278,505	235,830	150	60	90
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,800	51,200	38,800	46,400	46,400	45,200	60,000	63,600	56,000	58,000	54,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,800	50,000	52,000	54,400	55,000	54,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	69,000	88,000	57,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	175	80	95	250	120	130	504,455	247,565	256,895	135	75	65
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	13,000	12,000	14,200	12,300	15,900	11,000	16,400	17,400	15,500	19,800	24,200	15,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	16,800	16,800	17,800	19,200	16,400	26,920	29,400	24,520	24,800	29,000	20,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	67.0	71.0	63.0	72.0	78.5	66.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	75.0	80.0	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.8	67.0	59.0	60.8	67.0	55.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	53.6	68.0	43.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	32.8	28.8	37.0	28.0	21.2	34.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	25.0	20.4	28.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.0	3.2	1.8	4.4	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	12.9	16.0	9.8	11.8	12.8	11.0	6.4	5.9	7.0	6.5	6.9	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	11.8	15.2	8.4	10.6	11.8	9.6	5.7	5.4	6.0	5.6	6.4	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	640	305	335	760	355	400	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	605	270	335
Without total income	35	15	20	35	15	25	65,020	32,205	32,820	20	10	10
With total income	610	295	310	725	340	380	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	585	265	325
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	25	20	100	45	50	138,250	65,670	72,580	40	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	100	40	55	105	55	45	200,450	93,060	107,390	75	35	40
$20,000 to $29,999	150	70	75	165	75	90	286,825	131,235	155,595	100	50	50
$30,000 to $39,999	95	45	55	120	50	65	215,455	102,705	112,755	90	35	55
$40,000 to $49,999	80	45	35	80	35	45	181,505	86,460	95,040	90	30	55
$50,000 to $59,999	50	25	30	65	25	40	138,185	64,805	73,380	50	25	30
$60,000 to $69,999	25	10	20	35	25	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	40	30	10
$70,000 to $79,999	20	15	5	20	10	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	25	10	20
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	10	15	10	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	15	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	10	5	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	10	5	5	25	10	15	149,555	92,680	56,875	40	20	20
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	0	20	10	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	25	15	15
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	5	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	10	5	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	640	305	335	760	355	400	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	605	270	335
Without after-tax income	35	15	20	35	15	25	64,605	32,005	32,605	20	10	10
With after-tax income	605	295	315	725	340	380	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	585	265	325
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	25	25	100	45	50	144,275	67,955	76,320	50	15	30
$10,000 to $19,999	95	40	60	105	60	45	210,975	98,495	112,480	75	35	40
$20,000 to $29,999	165	85	80	185	85	105	334,395	155,845	178,545	125	65	60
$30,000 to $39,999	120	55	70	140	60	75	257,145	124,835	132,315	110	40	75
$40,000 to $49,999	80	45	35	90	35	50	204,980	97,805	107,175	90	35	55
$50,000 to $59,999	45	20	25	50	30	20	139,760	67,315	72,450	45	25	20
$60,000 to $69,999	30	10	15	25	15	5	93,705	46,700	47,005	35	10	20
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	20	10	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	20	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	10	0	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	15	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	10	5	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	15	10	10
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	5	5	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	10	5	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	10	0	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	640	305	335	760	355	400	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	605	270	335
Without employment income	225	90	135	235	100	135	495,060	212,405	282,660	230	75	150
With employment income	415	220	200	525	255	270	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	375	190	180
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	30	20	90	40	55	167,560	82,405	85,155	65	35	30
$5,000 to $9,999	60	35	25	75	30	45	111,575	52,975	58,595	40	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	75	35	35	85	45	40	151,350	72,815	78,530	55	35	20
$20,000 to $29,999	55	20	35	45	20	30	116,030	56,295	59,730	35	15	20
$30,000 to $39,999	55	25	30	65	30	35	108,120	55,225	52,890	30	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	45	30	15	45	25	20	104,250	51,950	52,300	50	25	20
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	10	40	15	20	84,485	42,940	41,540	30	5	20
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	20	20	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	20	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	5	10	10	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	15	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	0	15	10	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	20	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	10	5	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	5	0	5	25	10	10	115,575	74,545	41,030	20	10	10
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	15	5	5	47,525	28,870	18,655	10	10	0
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	5	5	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	10	5	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	645	305	335	760	355	405	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	605	270	335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	595	285	310	680	315	360	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	570	255	315
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,600	26,800	23,800	25,000	24,000	25,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	34,400	37,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	595	285	310	680	315	360	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	570	255	315
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,200	26,000	23,400	23,800	22,800	24,600	31,000	32,800	29,400	31,400	33,600	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	495	245	250	585	270	315	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	510	230	280
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,400	25,400	21,200	23,200	25,800	22,000	32,000	36,000	28,200	29,000	35,200	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	405	210	190	480	235	245	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	385	195	190
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,000	30,600	25,600	25,200	26,800	24,400	33,600	36,800	30,400	30,400	32,400	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	500	230	275	565	250	315	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	485	200	280
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	3,480	9,300	3,000	1,960	4,720	4,440	2,760	7,300	8,800	6,040	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	50	20	25	40	20	20	114,940	56,080	58,855	45	25	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	6,800	5,400	5,640	5,200	6,600	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,960	4,720	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	620	290	330	775	370	395	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	575	245	330
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	575	275	305	685	315	365	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	535	225	310
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,700	34,800	27,000	33,900	34,400	33,600	50,000	57,050	43,280	46,600	49,200	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	575	275	305	685	315	365	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	535	225	310
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,600	30,400	25,200	29,850	30,200	29,600	39,800	43,800	35,920	38,000	38,400	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	470	240	225	610	290	320	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	490	200	290
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,300	34,000	24,200	32,000	34,400	29,900	49,080	57,750	40,560	40,800	47,600	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	420	220	200	470	230	245	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	345	165	180
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	36,400	25,800	34,600	36,400	32,800	48,720	55,750	41,240	42,400	49,600	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	470	215	260	530	230	300	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	440	180	260
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,360	5,960	10,300	7,160	4,720	9,100	8,250	6,740	9,510	11,160	8,400	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60	20	40	60	35	25	114,595	55,675	58,915	55	30	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	8,000	6,400	6,600	5,600	8,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	8,400	3,400	14,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	620	290	335	775	375	400	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	575	245	330
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	95	80	200	100	95	507,645	274,575	233,070	145	55	90
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	41,600	45,200	39,600	44,400	40,000	44,400	54,400	58,400	50,400	42,000	47,600	42,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	44,400	48,000	40,000	50,000	51,000	50,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	64,000	88,000	49,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	160	75	85	185	85	100	462,020	227,495	234,530	130	70	60
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,900	21,000	9,500	20,800	21,000	13,200	21,800	23,200	20,400	24,800	25,400	15,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	27,000	13,800	26,400	28,400	24,400	32,320	35,520	29,240	31,200	38,000	24,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.0	86.0	67.0	84.0	90.0	78.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	80.0	86.0	75.0
Employment income (%)	74.5	84.0	64.0	69.5	76.0	64.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	59.2	74.0	47.0
Government transfers (%)	22.2	13.4	32.5	16.4	10.0	22.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	19.8	13.8	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	1.8	3.2	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.9	0.9	2.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	285	...	...	470	...	...	910,355	...	...	335	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	45,200	...	...	66,000	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	40,400	...	...	58,000	...	...	56,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	75	...	...	235	...	...	367,395	...	...	145	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	31,400	...	...	38,000	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	29,200	...	...	34,000	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	205	...	...	235	...	...	542,960	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	80,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	275	...	...	475	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	53,600	...	...	92,700	...	...	83,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	47,600	...	...	74,100	...	...	67,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	220	...	...	367,255	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	37,600	...	...	49,760	...	...	55,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	32,400	...	...	40,640	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	210	...	...	255	...	...	543,100	...	...	190	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	121,800	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	60,400	...	...	96,700	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	285	...	...	470	...	...	910,355	...	...	335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	20	...	...	18,165	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	25	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	57,720	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	41,160	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	35	...	...	40,595	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	41,545	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	42,630	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	55	...	...	75,485	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	67,695	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	60,495	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	45,830	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	60	...	...	270,265	...	...	90	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	85,635	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	56,205	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	62,095	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	285	...	...	470	...	...	910,355	...	...	335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	20	...	...	19,710	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	25	...	...	27,485	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	45	...	...	63,030	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	49,660	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	48,815	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	51,055	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	50,890	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	47,120	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	50	...	...	85,490	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	75,625	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	40	...	...	65,530	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	45,065	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	30	...	...	197,490	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	20	...	...	78,870	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	45,905	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	200	...	...	215	...	...	501,830	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	94,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.4	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	70	...	...	179,195	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	54,400	...	...	88,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	51,600	...	...	75,000	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	105	...	...	85	...	...	208,260	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	3.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	50	...	...	95,875	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	53,200	...	...	59,600	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	95	55	45	285	130	150	477,085	240,895	236,195	165	60	105
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	32,000	34,400	30,200	25,400	32,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	40,400	38,800	40,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	29,200	32,400	27,800	23,600	29,600	31,200	31,200	31,200	35,200	33,200	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	205	...	...	240	...	...	501,905	...	...	185	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	66,500	...	...	125,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	59,600	...	...	98,700	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	70	...	...	179,455	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	8,800	...	...	50,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	105	...	...	90	...	...	208,375	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	60	...	...	95,455	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	48,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	46,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	75	35	35	270	130	140	476,520	240,280	236,245	155	50	100
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,000	44,000	56,000	36,000	30,400	41,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	53,000	36,000	61,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	38,000	44,000	31,000	26,800	35,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	43,000	32,000	48,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	770	365	400	900	430	470	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	700	310	385
0 to 17 years	165	70	90	165	90	75	365,020	186,710	178,315	120	50	65
0 to 5 years	45	25	20	60	30	25	120,615	61,615	58,995	25	10	10
18 to 64 years	480	245	240	640	305	330	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	385	185	200
65 years and over	125	50	75	95	35	60	317,425	140,270	177,155	195	80	120
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	100	50	55	265	135	125	321,885	154,370	167,510	80	40	40
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	55	35	20	54,265	27,870	26,395	20	5	15
0 to 5 years	10	5	0	15	10	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	60	35	25	175	95	85	197,020	99,310	97,710	35	25	10
65 years and over	25	5	20	35	15	20	70,600	27,185	43,415	25	10	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.2	13.6	12.8	29.6	32.5	27.2	16.4	16.0	16.9	11.6	12.8	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	16.0	8.0	31.0	36.0	24.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	17.0	12.0	20.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	20.0	x	24.0	32.0	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	14.0	10.0	27.6	29.6	25.6	15.4	15.6	15.3	9.0	13.0	5.0
65 years and over (%)	19.0	10.0	24.0	40.0	45.0	38.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	13.0	12.0	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	770	365	405	900	430	470	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	700	315	385
0 to 17 years	160	75	85	165	85	75	365,025	186,705	178,315	120	55	65
0 to 5 years	45	30	20	60	35	30	120,610	61,615	58,995	25	15	15
18 to 64 years	485	245	240	635	305	335	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	385	180	205
65 years and over	125	50	75	95	40	60	317,425	140,265	177,155	195	80	115
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	55	30	25	170	95	75	213,720	108,905	104,815	35	20	15
0 to 17 years	10	10	5	20	15	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	5	5	0
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	5	5	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	35	15	15	125	65	55	153,385	81,765	71,620	25	15	10
65 years and over	10	5	5	25	15	10	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.8	8.0	5.6	19.0	22.8	15.6	10.9	11.3	10.6	5.2	6.0	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	10.0	6.0	13.0	16.0	10.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	x	x	10.0	12.0	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	8.0	5.0	19.6	23.0	17.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	6.4	8.0	5.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	6.0	26.0	40.0	16.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	2.5	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	770	370	400	900	435	470	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	700	315	390
In bottom half of the distribution	555	265	290	760	360	400	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	435	190	245
In bottom decile	85	45	45	245	130	110	298,540	147,890	150,655	75	30	45
In second decile	130	65	70	140	60	80	244,435	115,985	128,450	95	45	50
In third decile	130	65	70	170	80	95	240,895	116,550	124,345	120	50	70
In fourth decile	125	60	60	110	50	55	218,125	105,885	112,240	95	40	60
In fifth decile	85	35	50	95	40	55	194,765	95,185	99,580	55	30	30
In top half of the distribution	215	100	115	140	70	70	762,590	384,140	378,450	265	125	140
In sixth decile	70	35	35	50	25	20	172,200	85,100	87,095	45	20	25
In seventh decile	55	25	30	20	10	10	156,540	78,290	78,250	100	50	55
In eighth decile	45	20	25	30	20	15	144,120	72,600	71,525	55	25	30
In ninth decile	45	20	25	15	5	10	134,265	68,285	65,980	30	15	20
In top decile	0	0	0	20	5	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	35	20	15
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	770	...	...	895	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	700	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.255	...	...	0.324	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.420	...	...	0.496	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.482	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.228	...	...	0.287	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.260	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	770	365	405	895	430	470	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	700	315	385
English only	35	20	10	285	135	150	262,290	133,690	128,600	140	60	75
French only	360	155	210	70	30	45	486,845	221,005	265,840	100	30	65
English and French	335	175	160	520	250	270	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	450	225	225
Neither English nor French	35	15	20	30	20	10	45,860	18,340	27,520	15	5	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	770	365	405	895	430	470	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	700	315	385
English	110	60	50	455	220	240	605,220	303,380	301,835	315	145	170
French	555	260	295	195	75	120	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	305	130	180
English and French	65	30	35	220	120	100	173,785	88,480	85,300	65	40	30
Neither English nor French	35	10	20	25	15	10	44,430	17,640	26,790	15	5	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	770	365	405	895	430	470	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	700	315	385
Single responses	710	335	380	830	405	430	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	650	285	365
Official languages	305	140	160	265	125	145	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	425	180	245
English	35	20	15	180	85	95	322,315	162,085	160,230	185	75	105
French	265	120	145	90	35	50	870,975	428,435	442,540	240	105	140
Non-official languages	410	190	220	565	280	280	643,275	311,525	331,750	225	105	120
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	410	190	220	565	280	280	642,820	311,370	331,445	225	105	120
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	50	40	30	10	15	129,195	68,395	60,805	60	30	25
Berber languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	5	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	40	35	30	10	15	112,200	59,320	52,880	60	30	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	70	40	35	25	10	15	107,605	56,960	50,645	55	30	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	5	5	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0	5	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	5	5	10	18,505	7,175	11,330	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	5	5	5	13,350	5,085	8,265	10	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	95	40	50	5	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	25	15	10
Haitian Creole	80	35	45	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	15	10	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	275	125	150	5	5	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	140	65	80	445	230	210	329,415	158,980	170,435	105	45	55
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	80	35	40	37,235	16,405	20,835	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	80	35	40	36,800	16,245	20,555	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	5	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	5	0	5
Russian	0	0	0	75	35	35	17,695	7,755	9,935	10	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	5	0	5	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	245	125	115	68,600	36,145	32,455	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	20	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	10	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	240	120	120	20,550	10,275	10,275	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	240	120	120	18,950	9,395	9,555	15	10	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	220	115	110	16,025	7,945	8,080	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	10	1,680	845	830	0	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	60	75	110	65	50	183,755	87,295	96,460	35	15	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	95	45	55	5	0	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	15	0	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	70	35	30	15,020	7,070	7,945	10	5	5
Spanish	30	10	20	35	20	15	85,395	41,150	44,250	10	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	30	10	15	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	5	5	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	57,075	26,030	31,035	20	10	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	56,890	25,955	30,935	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	25	10	15	37,985	17,270	20,715	15	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	5	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	35	35	10	5	5	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	65	35	35	10	5	5	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	35	25	70	25	40	143,450	71,980	71,470	55	30	25
English and French	5	5	0	15	0	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	20	10	10	32,265	15,955	16,310	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	15	5	10	47,185	23,615	23,570	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	5	5	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	10	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	10	5	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	5	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	770	365	405	895	430	470	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	700	315	385
English	45	20	20	205	100	105	340,470	170,050	170,425	185	80	110
French	240	115	125	70	30	45	779,125	383,000	396,125	220	95	125
Non-official language	140	65	80	255	130	120	204,395	96,705	107,690	80	35	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	140	65	80	255	135	120	204,315	96,670	107,645	80	35	45
English and French	40	15	20	50	25	25	173,135	89,205	83,935	60	30	25
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	135	65	70	135,390	66,995	68,400	60	30	30
French and non-official language(s)	205	95	110	35	15	20	180,900	85,935	94,965	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	40	35	125	60	70	154,470	76,450	78,020	80	40	40
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	770	365	405	895	430	470	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	700	315	385
Single responses	670	315	350	805	385	420	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	630	280	355
Official languages	440	210	230	410	180	230	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	510	230	285
English	70	40	35	300	130	165	479,850	239,270	240,580	260	115	145
French	370	175	195	115	45	65	956,130	471,155	484,975	255	115	140
Non-official languages	225	105	120	395	210	190	370,290	177,955	192,335	120	50	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	225	105	120	395	205	190	370,125	177,895	192,235	120	50	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	15	10	5	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	20	15	10
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	10	5	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	20	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	15	10	5	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	15	25	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	35	45	320	170	150	188,550	90,370	98,185	70	25	40
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	50	25	20	21,410	9,870	11,540	15	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	50	25	20	21,300	9,830	11,475	15	0	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	40	25	20	12,475	5,775	6,700	10	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	195	100	95	50,680	26,200	24,485	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	35,595	18,850	16,750	20	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	10	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	195	100	95	15,075	7,345	7,730	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	190	100	95	13,990	6,770	7,220	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	5	5	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	175	90	85	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	35	50	70	45	30	95,835	44,515	51,315	20	5	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	55	20	35	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	5	0	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	50	25	25	8,915	4,290	4,620	5	0	0
Spanish	25	10	15	20	15	5	54,335	26,035	28,300	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	25	15	10	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	43,570	20,275	23,295	10	5	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	43,475	20,230	23,240	10	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	10	10	30,855	14,425	16,430	15	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	5	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	30	10	5	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	30	10	5	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	100	55	50	95	45	50	173,745	85,640	88,110	70	40	35
English and French	20	10	5	25	15	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	35	15	20	39,365	19,140	20,225	30	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	30	20	10	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	10	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	15	5	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	770	365	405	900	430	470	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	700	315	385
None	505	235	265	585	290	300	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	525	230	300
English	35	15	20	85	45	40	131,630	67,290	64,340	50	20	25
French	75	30	40	45	15	30	126,780	62,180	64,600	45	20	25
Non-official language	105	50	55	105	45	60	144,335	69,210	75,130	35	20	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	105	50	55	105	45	60	144,155	69,135	75,015	35	20	15
English and French	10	10	0	40	25	20	34,410	17,320	17,090	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	10	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	15	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	20	5	15	33,620	16,170	17,450	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	725	340	390	925	475	450	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	675	295	380
Official languages	690	335	355	875	445	435	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	670	295	375
English	280	170	115	840	420	415	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	580	275	310
French	660	315	345	605	305	295	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	530	240	290
Non-official languages	545	250	295	735	395	335	971,455	471,755	499,700	265	135	125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	545	250	295	725	395	330	970,710	471,495	499,220	265	135	125
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	55	55	25	10	15	217,295	113,605	103,690	85	55	30
Berber languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	25	15	15	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	55	55	25	10	15	205,120	107,210	97,905	85	55	30
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	110	55	55	25	10	15	188,115	98,545	89,565	85	50	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	125	55	70	15	0	15	76,295	34,775	41,520	35	15	15
Haitian Creole	125	55	70	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	35	15	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	145	70	75	615	335	280	514,485	250,190	264,295	95	40	55
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	185	105	80	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	185	105	80	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	30	25	10	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	145	80	70	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	75	45	30	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	10	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	240	140	100	91,140	48,390	42,750	25	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	66,760	36,130	30,625	25	15	15
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	25	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	230	140	90	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	230	140	90	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	215	130	85	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	65	75	220	105	115	324,695	154,360	170,340	45	20	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	90	50	45	25	15	10	107,285	51,300	55,985	10	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	50	60	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	45	15	35	80	35	50	193,835	91,345	102,490	30	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	30	15	15	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	68,485	31,760	36,720	30	15	20
Chinese languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	68,285	31,685	36,595	30	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	25	15	10	51,885	23,845	28,040	15	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	120	45	75	45	35	10	10,550	5,185	5,370	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	10	10	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	120	45	75	35	25	10	9,540	4,630	4,905	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	725	340	390	930	480	450	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	675	295	380
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	25	0	20	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	25	0	20	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	725	340	390	905	470	435	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	675	295	380
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	725	340	390	930	480	450	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	675	295	380
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	725	340	390	910	470	440	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	675	295	380
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	275	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
Owner	90	...	...	10	...	...	360,125	...	...	220	...	...
Renter	185	...	...	460	...	...	550,240	...	...	115	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	275	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
Condominium	25	...	...	25	...	...	192,985	...	...	135	...	...
Not condominium	245	...	...	455	...	...	717,375	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	275	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	55	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	40	...	...	230	...	...	267,715	...	...	55	...	...
2 bedrooms	50	...	...	160	...	...	303,875	...	...	135	...	...
3 bedrooms	170	...	...	35	...	...	220,945	...	...	90	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	0	...	...	98,090	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	275	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	80	...	...	425	...	...	501,570	...	...	155	...	...
5 rooms	135	...	...	50	...	...	166,230	...	...	55	...	...
6 rooms	20	...	...	0	...	...	78,495	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	0	...	...	58,850	...	...	40	...	...
8 or more rooms	20	...	...	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	50	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	4.7	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	275	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
One person or fewer per room	260	...	...	455	...	...	881,730	...	...	320	...	...
More than one person per room	20	...	...	25	...	...	28,630	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	275	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
Suitable	250	...	...	380	...	...	834,885	...	...	320	...	...
Not suitable	25	...	...	100	...	...	75,475	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	275	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
1960 or before	40	...	...	100	...	...	325,005	...	...	60	...	...
1961 to 1980	205	...	...	215	...	...	282,605	...	...	85	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	60	...	...	101,185	...	...	90	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	75	...	...	63,765	...	...	25	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	10	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	60	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	15	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	275	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	245	...	...	430	...	...	833,540	...	...	315	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	45	...	...	76,815	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	275	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
One-maintainer household	130	...	...	310	...	...	543,605	...	...	225	...	...
Two-maintainer household	120	...	...	135	...	...	333,140	...	...	100	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	25	...	...	30	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	275	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	35	...	...	80	...	...	162,375	...	...	15	...	...
35 to 44 years	45	...	...	140	...	...	171,535	...	...	45	...	...
45 to 54 years	85	...	...	110	...	...	155,520	...	...	65	...	...
55 to 64 years	70	...	...	30	...	...	156,865	...	...	50	...	...
65 to 74 years	10	...	...	45	...	...	122,825	...	...	40	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	25	...	...	70,345	...	...	60	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	275	...	...	475	...	...	902,485	...	...	335	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	240	...	...	320	...	...	686,075	...	...	255	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	35	...	...	155	...	...	216,410	...	...	80	...	...
30% to less than 100%	30	...	...	115	...	...	189,795	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	275	...	...	480	...	...	910,360	...	...	330	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	265	...	...	330,635	...	...	100	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	125	...	...	186,350	...	...	75	...	...
Not suitable only	30	...	...	75	...	...	56,480	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	35	...	...	50,745	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	20	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	190	...	...	215	...	...	579,720	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	270	...	...	430	...	...	875,865	...	...	330	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	90	...	...	87,945	...	...	30	...	...
Not in core need	260	...	...	345	...	...	787,925	...	...	300	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	85	...	...	0	...	...	360,120	...	...	215	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.9	...	...	...	...	...	60.0	...	...	48.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.6	...	...	...	...	...	17.4	...	...	23.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	x	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680	...	...	x	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,200	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	472,000	...	...	x	...	...	544,000	...	...	376,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	450,000	...	...	x	...	...	638,000	...	...	464,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	190	...	...	465	...	...	550,235	...	...	110	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	4.3	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...	33.3	...	...	28.4	...	...	27.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	21.4	...	...	14.6	...	...	22.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	950	...	...	890	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	956	...	...	987	...	...	900	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	725	340	385	925	475	455	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	675	295	380
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	20	0	20	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	20	0	20	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	725	340	385	890	470	420	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	665	295	370
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	725	335	385	925	475	450	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	675	295	380
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	600	295	305	595	295	305	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	590	250	340
Canadian citizens aged under 18	125	60	65	135	85	50	322,965	164,980	157,985	110	50	60
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	470	230	240	465	210	250	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	485	200	280
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	130	45	80	330	180	150	313,410	160,530	152,885	85	45	40
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	725	335	385	925	475	450	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	675	295	380
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	295	145	150	270	120	145	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	445	185	265
Immigrants⁸¹	405	180	225	500	260	245	652,730	313,955	338,770	200	90	100
Before 1980	45	20	30	30	0	25	108,265	50,530	57,735	40	15	20
1980 to 1990	40	20	25	25	10	15	69,695	34,150	35,545	35	15	15
1991 to 2000	110	45	60	45	35	10	106,810	50,520	56,290	25	20	10
2001 to 2010	100	60	40	150	70	75	154,780	74,520	80,255	40	10	30
2011 to 2021⁸²	105	35	65	250	140	115	213,175	104,225	108,950	60	30	25
2011 to 2015	70	20	45	115	55	65	99,070	48,005	51,065	15	0	10
2016 to 2021	40	15	25	135	80	55	114,110	56,220	57,885	45	25	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	10	15	160	95	60	138,240	75,380	62,860	35	20	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	405	180	220	500	260	245	652,725	313,955	338,770	200	90	105
Under 5 years	10	0	10	45	35	15	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	10	0
5 to 14 years	65	20	45	65	35	25	103,285	51,965	51,320	45	25	20
15 to 24 years	110	55	50	55	25	30	118,475	53,035	65,440	50	30	15
25 to 44 years	170	85	80	295	145	155	326,320	158,620	167,700	75	25	55
45 years and over	45	15	30	40	15	20	51,660	23,520	28,140	10	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	405	180	220	500	260	245	652,725	313,955	338,770	200	90	105
Americas	145	60	80	65	30	40	137,955	63,465	74,485	30	15	20
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	10	0	0
Haiti	110	50	65	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	10	10	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	15	10	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	10	0	10	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	50	20	30	220	120	100	158,795	76,610	82,190	50	25	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	10	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	25	10	15
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	50	20	30	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	40	20	25	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	20	0	15	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	50	40	15	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	80	45	35	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	110	55	60	10	0	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	40	20	15
Algeria	50	30	25	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	20	15	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	40	15	20	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	10	10	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	100	45	50	205	105	100	202,715	95,775	106,935	80	35	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	120	65	60	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	80	35	45	15	10	10	4,490	2,240	2,250	10	10	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	20	0	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	25	10	10	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	20	10	10	25,115	11,780	13,335	40	20	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	35	15	25	135	80	55	114,110	56,220	57,885	45	25	20
Americas	20	10	15	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	15	0	10	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	55	45	10	19,140	9,995	9,145	20	10	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	30	15	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	80	40	40	41,495	19,890	21,600	10	10	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	65	30	35	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	725	340	390	930	475	450	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	675	295	380
First generation¹⁰⁰	435	190	245	670	360	310	813,905	400,325	413,580	235	110	130
Second generation¹⁰¹	185	95	90	145	85	60	424,225	212,755	211,475	130	70	55
Third generation or more¹⁰²	110	55	55	115	35	80	721,230	352,590	368,630	305	110	195
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	355	165	195	470	250	215	544,455	263,425	281,040	155	75	85
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	120	60	55	390	215	170	303,105	155,090	148,020	105	45	50
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	30	25	180	95	85	151,015	87,200	63,815	40	25	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	75	35	40	200	115	85	152,090	67,890	84,205	60	25	40
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	135	60	70	35	0	30	146,645	59,645	87,000	25	15	15
Refugees¹⁰⁸	85	40	40	45	30	15	85,165	44,145	41,025	20	15	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	20	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	355	165	195	470	250	215	544,455	263,425	281,040	155	75	85
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	30	40	40	30	10	53,655	28,340	25,310	15	10	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	30	15	15	35	20	15	56,685	26,490	30,195	15	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	15	10	10	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	250	120	135	370	195	175	387,815	184,015	203,795	115	50	60
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	725	340	390	930	475	450	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	675	295	380
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	375	175	200	490	245	245	737,510	363,785	373,725	255	120	135
South Asian	0	0	0	20	10	10	91,370	48,660	42,710	40	20	15
Chinese	0	0	0	30	20	10	69,985	32,190	37,795	40	10	25
Black	225	105	120	40	10	35	208,805	101,125	107,680	85	35	45
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	95	50	45	20	0	10	151,890	79,375	72,515	75	50	35
Latin American	30	10	20	35	15	25	82,550	40,580	41,970	10	0	0
Southeast Asian	15	10	10	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	230	130	95	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	30	15	15	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	15	0	10	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	35	30	10	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	40	15	25	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	355	165	190	435	225	205	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	420	175	245
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	725	335	385	925	475	450	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	670	290	380
Canadian	25	10	15	30	20	10	241,015	115,880	125,135	80	30	50
English	0	0	0	20	0	10	59,710	30,025	29,685	30	0	25
Irish	0	0	0	40	20	25	102,325	48,885	53,440	55	20	30
Scottish	0	0	0	15	0	10	61,620	29,560	32,065	60	30	35
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20	10	15	40	20	25	336,880	169,710	167,170	135	60	75
German	0	0	0	20	10	10	40,360	19,305	21,050	15	0	15
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	40	15	25
Italian	95	50	50	30	15	15	156,025	76,485	79,535	60	35	30
Indian (India)	0	0	0	25	0	25	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	35	20	19,025	9,095	9,930	20	15	10
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	10	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	30	10	20	0	0	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	10	10	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	80	25	55
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	35	15	20	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	10	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	30	15	15	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	25	15	10	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	20	0	15	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	50	30	20	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	40	20	25	0	25	35,410	17,485	17,930	25	10	15
Jewish	0	0	0	15	0	15	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	20	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	45	30	10
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	10	0	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	30	15	15	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	40	10	25	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	200	115	85	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	90	30	50	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	40	20	15
Hindu	0	0	0	10	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	10	0	10	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	20	0	10	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	10	0	10	16,840	8,750	8,090	30	20	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	10	10	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	10	10	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	55	35	15	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	120	40	80	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	55	30	25	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	15	10	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	20	10	15	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	20	10	10
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	25	15	10	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	30	15	15	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	20	10	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	60	30	30	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	725	340	390	930	480	450	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	675	295	380
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	355	165	190	395	180	215	969,945	451,410	518,540	430	175	255
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50	20	30	105	50	55	116,635	55,545	61,090	40	15	25
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	25	10	15
Baptist	40	15	20	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	215	110	105	95	40	55	675,695	314,690	361,010	295	125	175
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	170	85	85	68,635	32,680	35,950	40	20	20
Jehovah's Witness	20	0	15	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	20	10	10
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	25	10	15	10	0	10	41,965	19,030	22,935	10	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	10	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	230	100	130	180	105	70	233,440	121,145	112,290	90	50	40
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	140	75	70	340	180	160	590,140	310,985	279,165	155	65	90
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	720	335	385	925	475	450	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	665	290	380
Non-movers	690	315	370	770	370	395	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	615	255	355
Movers	35	20	20	155	100	50	255,365	129,500	125,865	55	30	25
Non-migrants	25	10	20	90	55	40	186,805	94,745	92,055	35	20	20
Migrants	10	10	0	60	45	10	68,560	34,750	33,810	15	10	10
Internal migrants	0	0	0	15	15	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	10	0	10
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	15	15	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	10	0	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	50	35	10	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	695	325	370	855	440	415	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	635	280	360
Non-movers	485	240	245	365	170	200	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	390	155	235
Movers	205	80	125	490	270	220	821,475	413,250	408,230	245	125	120
Non-migrants	155	55	100	175	90	75	433,700	216,030	217,670	140	75	65
Migrants	45	20	25	320	180	140	387,770	197,215	190,560	105	50	55
Internal migrants	0	0	0	85	45	40	190,035	93,955	96,075	70	25	45
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	70	35	35	159,710	78,770	80,940	45	20	30
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	15	0	10	30,325	15,190	15,135	25	10	15
External migrants	40	20	25	235	135	95	197,735	103,260	94,485	35	25	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	620	290	335	775	370	395	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	575	245	330
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	230	95	135	70	35	30	274,820	136,500	138,320	85	50	40
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	390	190	200	700	340	365	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	490	195	295
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	455	230	225	550	265	285	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	325	140	185
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	135	65	70	0	0	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	20	10	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	315	160	155	540	255	285	975,700	481,690	494,005	300	130	170
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	620	290	330	770	375	395	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	570	245	330
No certificate, diploma or degree	210	85	125	70	40	35	247,460	120,840	126,625	75	35	35
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	145	65	80	170	95	80	319,755	162,520	157,240	185	65	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	265	140	125	530	245	285	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	315	140	170
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	200	120	85	160	75	85	473,060	232,855	240,210	205	105	100
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	130	70	60	15	15	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	80	50	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	95	45	45	15	15	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	40	10	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	35	25	15	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	45	35	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	40	20	110	50	60	260,845	122,345	138,495	85	50	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	0	35	15	20	66,045	28,760	37,285	40	0	35
Bachelor's degree or higher	65	20	40	370	165	200	609,855	291,355	318,505	110	40	70
Bachelor's degree	35	0	35	180	75	110	344,605	160,320	184,285	60	25	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	10	25	0	20	58,945	27,280	31,665	15	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	0	10	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	15	10	115	65	45	159,510	78,325	81,190	30	10	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	35	20	15	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	455	230	220	550	260	290	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	320	140	180
No certificate, diploma or degree	115	55	60	10	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	20	10	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	95	50	40	90	55	40	162,205	88,420	73,785	95	45	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	245	125	120	450	205	245	831,975	403,420	428,555	205	85	120
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	105	75	125	60	65	333,160	167,260	165,895	130	60	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	120	65	50	10	10	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	40	20	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	80	45	35	10	10	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	30	10	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	35	20	10	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	35	15	80	35	45	174,185	84,745	89,445	65	35	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	0	30	10	15	48,580	21,830	26,755	25	0	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	65	20	45	325	150	180	498,815	236,155	262,665	75	20	55
Bachelor's degree	35	0	30	165	65	95	276,640	128,890	147,745	40	10	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	25	0	25	48,390	21,995	26,395	15	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	0	15	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	10	0	95	60	35	137,150	66,720	70,430	15	0	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	30	15	15	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	620	285	335	770	375	400	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	575	240	330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	355	150	205	240	125	115	567,220	283,355	283,860	260	100	160
Education	20	0	15	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
13. Education	20	0	15	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	15	0	30	10	15	69,210	32,705	36,505	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	30	10	15	61,135	27,085	34,045	10	10	0
Humanities	10	0	10	65	15	45	78,920	30,815	48,110	15	0	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	20	0	20	15,135	3,710	11,430	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	0	10	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	20	10	10	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	15	25	50	0	45	157,220	58,185	99,040	45	15	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10	0	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	15	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	10	21,400	5,075	16,330	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	10	10	0	20	0	20	59,300	29,185	30,110	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	35	10	25	120	50	70	248,895	110,950	137,945	95	30	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	10	25	120	50	70	237,125	108,040	129,090	90	30	65
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	35	10	20	57,445	29,770	27,670	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	20	10	10	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	50	40	10	65,435	46,010	19,420	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	35	35	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	45	0	115	95	25	173,380	143,615	29,765	70	65	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	90	75	20	78,800	61,515	17,290	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	10	10	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	15	15	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	50	15	35	45	10	35	122,295	30,795	91,495	40	10	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	15	35	35	10	30	109,185	24,140	85,045	30	0	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	20	10	10	10	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	20	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	455	230	225	550	260	290	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	320	140	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	205	100	105	100	55	45	265,025	144,230	120,800	115	55	65
Education	20	0	15	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
13. Education	20	0	15	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	15	0	30	10	20	54,840	26,500	28,340	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	30	10	20	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	10	0	10	45	15	30	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15	0	15	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	20	10	10	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	20	35	0	35	121,985	44,105	77,880	30	10	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	15	0	15	44,580	21,945	22,635	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	35	10	25	120	50	70	199,525	87,920	111,600	75	25	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	10	25	120	50	70	190,410	85,600	104,810	70	25	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	20	10	15	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	20	10	10	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	35	35	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	15	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	30	30	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	15	10	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	45	0	110	85	20	137,395	112,025	25,370	30	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	85	70	20	66,210	51,090	15,115	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	10	10	0	16,030	15,195	835	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	10	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	50	15	30	30	0	30	92,595	23,265	69,330	30	10	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	15	30	30	0	30	82,410	18,370	64,045	30	0	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	20	10	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	20	20	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	455	230	225	550	260	290	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	320	140	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	205	100	105	100	55	45	265,025	144,230	120,800	115	55	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	250	130	120	450	205	245	831,975	403,415	428,560	205	80	120
Location of study inside Canada	190	90	100	185	75	105	598,455	286,340	312,115	140	55	85
Same as province or territory of residence	185	85	100	175	70	100	566,540	270,160	296,380	130	55	70
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	10	0	10
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	55	40	20	265	130	135	233,520	117,075	116,445	65	30	40
Americas	15	10	0	30	10	25	41,560	21,015	20,550	15	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	10	0	10	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	10	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	95	50	40	74,705	39,515	35,190	20	10	15
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	10	0	10	43,480	23,805	19,675	15	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	15	0	10	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	15	10	10	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	15	10	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	15	10	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	20	10	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	25	15	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	15	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	10	10	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	10	10	0	140	70	70	65,125	28,945	36,180	15	0	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	115	60	55	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	15	0	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	10	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	620	290	330	770	375	395	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	570	245	330
In the labour force	410	210	195	515	265	250	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	330	150	180
Employed	360	185	175	445	230	215	971,245	502,885	468,360	305	140	165
Unemployed	50	25	25	70	35	40	110,395	58,460	51,935	30	10	15
Not in the labour force	210	70	135	255	110	145	568,495	246,215	322,280	240	90	150
Participation rate	66.1	72.4	59.1	66.9	70.7	63.3	65.5	69.5	61.8	57.9	61.2	54.5
Employment rate	58.1	63.8	53.0	57.8	61.3	54.4	58.9	62.3	55.6	53.5	57.1	50.0
Unemployment rate	12.2	11.9	12.8	13.6	13.2	16.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	9.1	6.7	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	620	285	335	770	375	400	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	575	240	330
Did not work¹⁸⁶	260	105	155	295	125	165	582,470	253,075	329,400	270	105	165
Worked	365	185	180	475	245	230	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	300	140	160
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	175	95	80	205	115	95	529,400	287,950	241,450	145	55	90
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	190	90	100	270	130	135	538,265	266,540	271,725	160	80	80
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	39.8	40.2	35.9	37.6	34.2	39.7	40.2	39.3	41.0	39.6	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	410	215	195	515	265	255	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	335	155	180
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	40	10	20	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	400	210	190	480	250	230	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	330	155	175
Employee	345	170	180	390	190	200	907,745	457,830	449,915	270	115	150
Permanent position	320	155	165	245	135	115	741,830	380,445	361,385	215	80	135
Temporary position	25	15	15	145	60	85	165,915	77,385	88,530	55	35	15
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	10	50	30	25	69,690	31,285	38,405	10	10	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	15	10	95	30	65	96,225	46,100	50,120	40	25	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	55	45	15	85	60	30	142,380	88,145	54,230	60	35	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	410	215	195	515	265	255	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	335	155	180
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	40	10	20	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	400	210	190	480	250	230	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	330	155	175
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	15	35	125	45	80	207,660	79,975	127,685	75	15	55
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	75	55	15	114,775	85,780	28,990	20	20	0
3 Health occupations	45	15	30	30	0	20	85,545	21,700	63,845	35	0	35
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	35	0	35	15	10	0	140,500	46,385	94,115	30	15	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	10	0	35	15	20	61,790	31,615	30,175	10	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	145	80	60	135	55	80	263,055	135,300	127,750	95	40	55
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	75	70	10	45	45	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	40	35	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	15	15	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	25	10	20	20	20	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	15	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	410	215	195	515	265	255	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	335	155	180
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	40	10	20	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	400	210	190	480	250	230	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	330	155	175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	30	25	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	25	20	10
31-33 Manufacturing	25	10	15	25	20	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	40	25	20
41 Wholesale trade	15	15	0	25	10	15	42,365	25,230	17,140	20	10	15
44-45 Retail trade	65	35	30	60	25	35	111,555	56,180	55,375	60	15	40
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	40	40	0	35	30	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	45	30	20	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	15	0	10	45	30	20	53,430	27,205	26,225	10	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	15	0	50	30	20	130,405	75,750	54,655	20	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	35	20	15	10	0	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	20	15	0
61 Educational services	20	0	15	25	15	10	95,290	34,510	60,780	20	10	10
62 Health care and social assistance	80	20	65	40	0	35	142,545	36,095	106,450	45	0	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	15	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	20	20	0	35	20	15	59,510	32,125	27,380	15	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	10	10	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	25	10	15
91 Public administration	10	0	10	30	0	25	42,120	20,455	21,665	15	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	410	215	190	545	270	270	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	365	175	190
English	25	25	0	170	110	60	201,310	110,165	91,150	75	40	35
French	290	145	145	95	35	60	416,430	206,170	210,265	105	45	55
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	80	45	40	190	90	105	473,485	249,700	223,785	175	90	90
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	60	30	40	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	410	215	190	545	270	270	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	365	175	190
Single responses	380	195	185	410	210	205	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	295	140	155
Official languages	380	195	185	400	200	200	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	295	140	155
English	25	25	0	235	125	110	361,715	194,885	166,835	130	75	60
French	345	165	180	170	75	95	645,885	327,180	318,705	160	65	90
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	20	0	130	60	70	126,180	65,940	60,240	75	30	40
English and French	30	20	0	95	40	55	116,535	60,925	55,605	75	30	40
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	20	10	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	410	215	190	545	270	270	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	365	175	190
None	345	190	155	380	200	180	743,180	381,875	361,305	250	115	135
English	45	20	25	60	35	25	219,885	116,455	103,430	50	20	30
French	10	0	0	50	10	40	149,470	78,495	70,975	50	35	20
Non-official language	0	0	0	35	20	15	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	35	20	15	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	15	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	360	190	175	445	230	215	971,245	502,885	468,360	305	140	165
Worked at home	35	15	20	120	60	65	298,820	151,335	147,485	90	35	55
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	40	30	15	65	45	20	89,120	62,795	26,325	30	20	10
Usual place of work	280	140	140	255	130	130	580,035	286,695	293,340	185	85	95
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	280	140	140	260	130	130	580,035	286,695	293,340	185	90	100
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	225	115	115	245	115	125	427,475	202,010	225,465	120	55	65
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	0	0	15	10	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	60	30	35
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	40	20	20	0	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	325	170	155	320	170	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	220	105	110
Car, truck or van	220	150	70	185	110	80	395,615	229,315	166,300	175	85	90
Car, truck or van - as a driver	215	150	65	155	105	50	365,770	218,475	147,295	160	75	85
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	35	0	30	29,845	10,845	19,005	15	10	0
Public transit	70	20	45	65	30	35	177,860	74,605	103,260	15	15	0
Walked	40	0	40	55	20	30	61,160	26,300	34,860	20	0	20
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	325	170	155	320	170	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	220	105	110
Less than 15 minutes	60	25	35	60	25	35	125,240	61,185	64,055	75	40	35
15 to 29 minutes	130	70	60	100	45	50	241,005	129,590	111,420	75	40	35
30 to 44 minutes	80	40	35	120	85	35	176,925	96,710	80,215	40	25	20
45 to 59 minutes	30	15	10	35	20	15	67,635	33,110	34,530	10	0	10
60 minutes and over	20	20	0	15	0	15	58,350	28,905	29,445	10	10	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	325	170	155	320	170	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	220	105	110
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	30	0	25	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	65	40	25	20	15	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	35	20	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	45	15	20	95	60	35	166,695	79,410	87,280	65	30	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	40	15	25	75	45	30	149,185	68,865	80,320	25	0	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	25	15	65	30	35	106,855	50,615	56,240	25	10	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	105	65	45	65	30	30	112,350	65,830	46,520	50	40	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	165	75	90	170	90	80	371,310	189,920	181,390	120	55	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	20	30	35	20	15	109,065	56,315	52,750	45	25	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	115	60	60	130	70	60	262,245	133,605	128,640	70	30	45
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	125	50	75	115	65	55	264,905	135,505	129,395	95	45	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	10	20	25	10	10	82,880	42,755	40,130	40	20	20
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	30	5	20	25	10	10	67,535	34,945	32,590	35	15	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	35	50	95	50	35	182,020	92,755	89,270	55	20	30

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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