Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662737More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661171More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24661852More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	493	...	...	618	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	695	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	213	...	...	332	...	...	976,966	...	...	408	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	202	...	...	317	...	...	910,359	...	...	386	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	9,860.0	...	...	15,527.6	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	12,366.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.05	...	...	0.04	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.06	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	490	240	250	615	315	305	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	695	380	315
0 to 14 years	75	40	40	80	45	40	309,765	158,545	151,225	70	40	30
0 to 4 years	25	15	10	40	25	20	99,195	50,760	48,435	35	20	15
5 to 9 years	20	5	15	25	15	15	106,985	54,660	52,320	20	15	10
10 to 14 years	35	15	20	10	10	5	103,590	53,120	50,470	15	10	5
15 to 64 years	335	170	165	480	250	225	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	535	290	245
15 to 19 years	25	20	10	25	10	10	97,525	49,340	48,180	20	10	10
20 to 24 years	35	20	20	45	20	20	140,025	70,895	69,125	60	25	35
25 to 29 years	35	15	15	75	40	35	165,525	83,630	81,895	105	55	45
30 to 34 years	45	20	25	90	50	40	157,725	78,995	78,730	120	60	60
35 to 39 years	25	10	15	70	35	40	149,265	74,115	75,155	65	40	30
40 to 44 years	30	15	15	40	20	20	142,365	70,920	71,445	45	25	15
45 to 49 years	35	15	20	50	30	20	125,505	62,690	62,815	35	25	10
50 to 54 years	35	20	15	20	10	10	121,710	61,735	59,975	25	10	15
55 to 59 years	30	10	15	25	20	10	125,465	63,810	61,655	30	15	15
60 to 64 years	35	20	15	35	15	20	118,065	57,920	60,140	30	20	10
65 years and over	85	35	50	55	20	35	351,325	151,210	200,120	85	55	35
65 to 69 years	25	10	15	30	15	15	99,325	46,730	52,595	20	15	10
70 to 74 years	20	10	20	15	0	10	86,030	39,185	46,845	35	25	15
75 to 79 years	15	10	5	10	0	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	10	10	5
80 to 84 years	10	0	5	5	0	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	10	5	5
85 years and over	10	5	10	5	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	0
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	0	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	5	0	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	5	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	16.7	16.0	13.0	14.3	13.1	15.5	16.1	14.8	10.1	10.5	9.5
15 to 64 years	68.4	70.8	66.0	78.0	79.4	73.8	67.0	68.5	65.6	77.0	76.3	77.8
65 years and over	17.3	14.6	20.0	8.9	6.3	11.5	17.5	15.4	19.6	12.2	14.5	11.1
85 years and over	2.0	2.1	4.0	0.8	0.0	1.6	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.7	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	40.7	39.2	42.2	36.7	35.2	38.2	41.0	39.8	42.1	37.9	38.9	36.8
Median age of the population	40.0	36.4	41.2	34.8	34.0	36.4	39.6	38.4	40.4	33.6	34.8	32.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	200	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
Single-detached house	10	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	5	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	100	...	...	90	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	90	...	...	220	...	...	479,885	...	...	290	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	55	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	30	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	205	...	...	320	...	...	910,355	...	...	385	...	...
1 person	60	...	...	145	...	...	367,400	...	...	190	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	100	...	...	271,730	...	...	130	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	30	...	...	118,205	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	30	...	...	98,205	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	495	240	250	620	315	305	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	695	380	315
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	415	200	210	535	270	265	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	620	340	285
Married or living common-law	165	85	85	235	120	115	822,440	414,330	408,115	260	135	125
Married	115	60	55	115	60	55	577,060	289,455	287,600	95	50	45
Living common-law	50	25	25	120	65	55	245,385	124,870	120,510	160	80	80
Living common law - Never married	40	15	25	120	60	60	207,040	104,785	102,250	155	80	75
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	5	0	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	10	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	250	120	130	300	150	145	872,060	410,935	461,125	365	205	165
Not married and not living common law - Never married	175	95	75	245	135	105	627,845	333,150	294,700	300	175	130
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	10	10	5	10	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	10	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	20	25	25	5	20	126,605	46,380	80,225	40	20	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	5	15	20	5	15	82,815	16,590	66,225	10	0	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	135	...	...	150	...	...	495,445	...	...	155	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	85	...	...	251,075	...	...	110	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	30	...	...	107,265	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	25	...	...	93,300	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	130	...	...	145	...	...	495,445	...	...	155	...	...
Total couple families	80	...	...	115	...	...	395,645	...	...	130	...	...
Married couples	50	...	...	55	...	...	273,070	...	...	50	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	30	...	...	162,745	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	25	...	...	110,325	...	...	25	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	60	...	...	122,570	...	...	80	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	30	...	...	44,875	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	35	...	...	77,700	...	...	65	...	...
Total one-parent families	55	...	...	35	...	...	99,805	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	45	...	...	25	...	...	80,530	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	495	240	250	620	315	300	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	695	375	315
Total - Persons in census families	390	180	210	390	185	205	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	390	195	195
Married spouses or common-law partners	155	80	80	230	115	115	791,280	398,495	392,785	255	130	120
Parents in one-parent families	55	10	50	30	5	25	99,805	19,275	80,525	30	5	25
Children⁶	180	95	85	125	65	65	541,905	284,935	256,965	110	60	50
In a two-parent family	85	45	40	90	50	40	392,250	205,155	187,095	65	35	25
In a one-parent family	95	50	45	35	15	25	149,655	79,785	69,865	45	20	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	100	65	40	225	130	100	526,370	262,915	263,450	300	185	120
Living alone	65	30	35	150	75	70	367,395	175,660	191,740	185	115	75
Living with other relatives⁷	15	10	10	20	10	10	49,280	22,020	27,255	5	0	0
Living with non-relatives only	25	20	0	55	40	15	109,690	65,235	44,455	110	65	45
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	200	...	...	315	...	...	910,360	...	...	385	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	110	...	...	130	...	...	455,970	...	...	140	...	...
Couple-family households	70	...	...	100	...	...	370,250	...	...	120	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	45	...	...	194,165	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	60	...	...	176,085	...	...	85	...	...
One-parent-family households	45	...	...	25	...	...	85,720	...	...	25	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	10	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	25	...	...	55,210	...	...	45	...	...
One-person households	65	...	...	145	...	...	367,395	...	...	190	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	420	205	215	535	275	265	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	625	335	280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	400	190	205	515	260	255	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	600	325	275
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,400	32,800	37,600	39,200	34,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	35,200	35,200	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	400	190	205	515	260	255	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	600	325	275
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	32,400	29,600	33,200	34,400	32,400	34,000	35,200	32,800	31,600	32,400	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	335	165	170	445	230	210	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	510	280	225
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,800	30,400	23,000	31,600	36,400	28,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	33,200	35,200	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	280	140	135	410	210	195	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	465	255	205
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	31,600	23,800	33,200	38,000	31,000	32,800	36,000	29,600	32,800	35,200	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	365	170	195	435	210	220	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	505	265	235
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,200	13,000	9,200	8,600	10,000	10,800	9,600	12,000	10,000	9,900	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80	45	30	70	40	30	171,705	84,570	87,145	65	30	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,400	5,760	5,600	5,680	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,000	5,320	4,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	150	80	70	180	95	85	529,640	276,110	253,530	225	125	100
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,500	10,500	9,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,500	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	415	195	215	560	275	285	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	625	335	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	185	215	525	260	270	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	610	325	285
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	38,400	37,200	45,400	46,400	44,400	53,250	60,050	46,760	52,800	55,000	50,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	185	215	525	260	270	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	610	325	285
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	33,200	33,200	38,200	38,800	38,000	42,520	46,280	38,960	41,800	42,600	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	320	160	160	445	220	225	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	495	255	240
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,500	28,400	42,400	44,400	40,400	48,960	57,350	40,640	52,200	57,600	46,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	260	130	130	420	215	210	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	440	220	220
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	34,000	31,600	42,200	42,800	41,600	48,760	55,650	41,480	52,200	58,000	46,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	170	205	435	210	225	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	525	270	260
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,150	11,600	16,200	11,520	10,100	12,800	12,040	10,900	13,040	12,120	11,600	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65	35	35	80	45	40	171,360	84,435	86,925	60	30	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,400	6,000	5,800	4,800	7,200	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,400	6,000	6,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	135	80	55	180	100	85	528,305	276,300	252,005	225	120	110
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	10,400	10,800	9,500	9,200	9,800	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,300	9,800	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	415	195	220	560	280	280	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	625	335	290
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	50	70	205	105	100	514,340	278,505	235,830	210	115	95
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	39,200	40,000	36,800	52,800	56,800	48,000	60,000	63,600	56,000	55,200	60,000	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	40,000	37,000	42,000	57,200	58,000	57,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	80,000	84,000	76,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	105	60	45	170	85	85	504,455	247,565	256,895	205	95	115
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	24,000	13,100	20,000	18,400	24,400	16,400	17,400	15,500	11,300	10,000	13,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	31,000	20,000	31,800	31,600	32,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	27,200	30,400	24,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	65.0	72.0	58.0	79.0	82.0	76.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	80.0	82.0	77.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.0	64.0	52.0	74.5	76.0	73.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	71.5	71.0	71.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	35.2	27.2	42.0	21.0	17.6	24.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	19.8	17.6	22.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.6	2.8	2.8	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.2	0.9	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	10.6	12.0	9.2	8.1	8.2	7.9	6.4	5.9	7.0	7.2	6.9	7.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.2	11.0	7.6	7.3	7.6	7.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	6.6	6.4	6.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	415	200	210	535	270	265	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	620	340	285
Without total income	15	10	5	20	10	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	20	15	10
With total income	400	195	210	515	260	255	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	605	330	270
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	20	40	20	25	138,250	65,670	72,580	30	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	60	20	35	65	35	30	200,450	93,060	107,390	90	50	45
$20,000 to $29,999	70	30	35	95	40	55	286,825	131,235	155,595	140	75	70
$30,000 to $39,999	85	40	45	80	45	40	215,455	102,705	112,755	90	40	45
$40,000 to $49,999	60	30	25	70	30	40	181,505	86,460	95,040	40	25	15
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	20	40	20	20	138,185	64,805	73,380	60	30	35
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	30	20	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	35	25	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	25	15	15	74,165	37,625	36,540	35	15	20
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	10	25	15	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	25	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	15	5	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	10	10	0	30	20	10	149,555	92,680	56,875	50	40	10
$100,000 to $149,999	5	5	0	25	20	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	35	30	10
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	15	15	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	415	200	210	535	270	265	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	620	340	285
Without after-tax income	15	10	5	20	10	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	20	15	10
With after-tax income	400	195	210	515	260	255	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	605	330	270
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	20	35	20	20	144,275	67,955	76,320	25	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	60	20	35	70	45	30	210,975	98,495	112,480	95	50	45
$20,000 to $29,999	95	45	50	120	50	70	334,395	155,845	178,545	165	85	75
$30,000 to $39,999	90	50	40	95	55	45	257,145	124,835	132,315	80	45	40
$40,000 to $49,999	60	35	25	65	35	35	204,980	97,805	107,175	75	35	35
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	10	50	25	30	139,760	67,315	72,450	60	35	20
$60,000 to $69,999	15	0	15	25	20	10	93,705	46,700	47,005	40	15	25
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	5	20	15	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	25	15	5
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	10	10	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	15	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	5	0	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	20	15	5
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	10	10	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	10	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	415	200	210	535	270	265	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	620	340	285
Without employment income	135	60	75	130	60	70	495,060	212,405	282,660	160	80	75
With employment income	280	145	140	405	210	200	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	465	255	210
Under $5,000 (including loss)	35	10	20	55	20	30	167,560	82,405	85,155	65	35	25
$5,000 to $9,999	25	10	15	35	15	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	45	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	30	55	25	30	151,350	72,815	78,530	60	35	30
$20,000 to $29,999	40	15	25	45	30	10	116,030	56,295	59,730	45	20	25
$30,000 to $39,999	45	30	15	50	15	30	108,120	55,225	52,890	50	25	25
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	15	35	15	15	104,250	51,950	52,300	40	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	25	20	10	30	15	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	45	30	20
$60,000 to $69,999	5	0	0	25	20	10	66,190	35,045	31,145	25	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	10	20	10	10	52,585	28,500	24,080	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	20	10	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	20	5	15
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	15	5	5	31,345	18,120	13,230	15	10	0
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	25	20	10	115,575	74,545	41,030	40	30	10
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	20	15	5	47,525	28,870	18,655	20	20	5
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	5	0	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	20	15	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	420	205	215	535	275	265	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	625	335	280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	185	195	510	260	250	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	585	320	265
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,000	29,200	31,600	32,400	30,800	34,000	36,400	31,800	28,000	30,200	25,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	185	195	510	260	250	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	585	320	265
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	30,200	27,200	29,200	29,800	28,800	31,000	32,800	29,400	26,200	27,200	24,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	165	160	450	235	215	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	505	280	225
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,000	30,000	26,000	31,200	32,800	29,600	32,000	36,000	28,200	29,000	32,400	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	270	140	130	405	205	200	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	460	260	200
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	32,400	26,800	33,200	34,800	30,000	33,600	36,800	30,400	29,600	32,800	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	160	175	410	200	205	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	470	245	225
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	3,840	9,600	2,800	2,180	4,440	4,440	2,760	7,300	2,100	1,740	2,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	55	30	25	60	35	25	114,940	56,080	58,855	40	20	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	6,080	6,650	3,160	2,400	3,160	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,200	6,500	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	415	195	215	560	275	285	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	625	335	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	175	205	535	260	275	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	595	315	280
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,900	30,000	31,800	43,200	44,000	42,800	50,000	57,050	43,280	43,600	48,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	175	205	535	260	275	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	595	315	280
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,000	25,800	28,200	36,200	36,400	36,400	39,800	43,800	35,920	34,600	36,800	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	305	155	150	460	230	230	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	520	275	240
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,600	28,400	26,800	43,800	44,400	43,200	49,080	57,750	40,560	42,800	50,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	245	125	120	430	210	220	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	450	235	210
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	30,400	30,800	43,800	45,200	42,400	48,720	55,750	41,240	45,000	53,200	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	355	160	195	440	220	225	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	510	250	260
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	6,000	12,700	6,800	5,560	8,000	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,680	6,900	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50	30	20	70	35	35	114,595	55,675	58,915	35	0	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	6,400	11,000	7,800	9,000	6,400	7,510	5,990	8,940	10,000	...	12,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	415	195	220	560	280	280	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	625	335	290
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	110	50	65	205	105	100	507,645	274,575	233,070	205	110	95
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	38,400	36,400	39,200	48,800	54,800	42,800	54,400	58,400	50,400	48,400	65,500	41,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	41,000	39,000	42,000	55,200	55,000	55,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	64,000	78,000	48,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	90	55	35	170	85	85	462,020	227,495	234,530	185	85	100
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	18,800	14,700	26,400	27,200	26,400	21,800	23,200	20,400	16,400	14,200	18,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	25,000	20,000	35,600	38,000	33,500	32,320	35,520	29,240	31,000	34,500	27,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	71.0	80.0	62.0	87.0	90.0	84.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	85.0	88.0	79.0
Employment income (%)	64.0	72.0	56.0	81.0	84.0	79.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	77.0	80.0	73.0
Government transfers (%)	29.0	18.4	37.5	12.9	10.4	15.2	12.8	8.6	18.2	15.0	11.2	20.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.4	3.2	3.6	2.4	2.8	1.8	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.6	x	3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	205	...	...	320	...	...	910,355	...	...	385	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	56,400	...	...	66,000	...	...	55,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	49,600	...	...	58,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	65	...	...	145	...	...	367,395	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	38,400	...	...	38,000	...	...	28,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	32,800	...	...	34,000	...	...	27,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	140	...	...	170	...	...	542,960	...	...	200	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	80,000	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	195	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	395	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	73,200	...	...	92,700	...	...	81,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	61,800	...	...	74,100	...	...	64,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	160	...	...	367,255	...	...	215	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	41,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	40,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	35,500	...	...	40,640	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	170	...	...	543,100	...	...	180	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	205	...	...	320	...	...	910,355	...	...	385	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	18,165	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	25,730	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	57,720	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	40,595	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	41,545	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	40,980	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	75,485	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	67,695	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	60,495	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	54,055	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	45,830	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	70	...	...	270,265	...	...	95	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	85,635	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	56,205	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	62,095	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	205	...	...	320	...	...	910,355	...	...	385	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	19,710	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	27,485	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	63,030	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	49,660	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	48,815	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	51,055	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	50,890	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	47,120	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	85,490	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	75,625	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	65,530	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	35	...	...	45	...	...	197,490	...	...	70	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	78,870	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	45,905	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	15	...	...	72,715	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	130	...	...	150	...	...	501,830	...	...	155	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	60	...	...	179,195	...	...	90	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	73,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	66,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	55	...	...	208,260	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	30	...	...	95,875	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	49,600	...	...	65,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	48,400	...	...	59,600	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	90	50	35	205	115	90	477,085	240,895	236,195	295	175	120
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,400	32,400	34,000	36,000	32,800	34,400	34,800	34,000	28,000	28,000	28,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	30,800	30,800	31,000	31,400	29,800	31,200	31,200	31,200	26,800	27,200	26,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	135	...	...	165	...	...	501,905	...	...	150	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	50	...	...	179,455	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	144,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	60	...	...	208,375	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	170,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	40	...	...	95,455	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	85	50	30	175	75	100	476,520	240,280	236,245	315	180	135
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,000	52,000	32,000	41,200	44,000	40,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	36,000	32,400	41,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	44,000	28,000	35,600	37,000	34,500	37,600	37,920	37,280	30,400	27,400	35,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	490	245	250	615	315	305	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	695	380	320
0 to 17 years	90	50	40	95	50	45	365,020	186,710	178,315	85	45	40
0 to 5 years	25	20	15	45	20	20	120,615	61,615	58,995	40	15	20
18 to 64 years	315	155	160	465	245	220	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	525	285	245
65 years and over	80	35	50	55	25	35	317,425	140,270	177,155	90	50	40
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	60	25	35	110	50	60	321,885	154,370	167,510	160	85	80
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	10	5	5	54,265	27,870	26,395	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	5	0	0	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	35	15	20	80	35	40	197,020	99,310	97,710	100	55	45
65 years and over	10	5	10	20	10	15	70,600	27,185	43,415	50	25	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	11.0	13.0	18.0	15.6	21.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	23.4	22.4	24.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	16.0	x	10.0	10.0	12.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	14.0	12.0	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	12.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	10.0	13.0	16.5	15.0	18.5	15.4	15.6	15.3	19.6	19.5	19.5
65 years and over (%)	14.0	x	16.0	40.0	30.0	45.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	56.0	48.0	64.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	495	240	250	620	320	300	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	695	375	315
0 to 17 years	95	55	45	95	55	40	365,025	186,705	178,315	80	45	35
0 to 5 years	30	15	10	50	25	25	120,610	61,615	58,995	40	20	20
18 to 64 years	315	155	160	465	240	225	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	525	285	240
65 years and over	85	35	45	60	20	35	317,425	140,265	177,155	85	50	35
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	30	20	15	85	45	35	213,720	108,905	104,815	140	80	60
0 to 17 years	5	0	0	5	5	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	5	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	20	10	10	65	45	25	153,385	81,765	71,620	105	65	45
65 years and over	5	0	5	5	0	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	30	15	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.4	7.0	6.0	13.2	14.4	12.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	20.0	21.0	19.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	5.0	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	8.0	6.0	14.8	17.0	13.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	20.0	22.0	17.5
65 years and over (%)	8.0	x	8.0	12.0	x	12.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	36.0	28.0	45.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	490	240	250	620	315	305	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	695	380	315
In bottom half of the distribution	365	175	190	435	215	220	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	445	245	205
In bottom decile	45	25	20	100	50	50	298,540	147,890	150,655	175	95	80
In second decile	100	60	45	115	55	55	244,435	115,985	128,450	95	50	40
In third decile	80	30	50	60	30	35	240,895	116,550	124,345	55	30	25
In fourth decile	65	30	30	75	40	35	218,125	105,885	112,240	85	45	40
In fifth decile	75	30	40	80	40	40	194,765	95,185	99,580	35	15	15
In top half of the distribution	125	70	60	185	105	80	762,590	384,140	378,450	245	130	110
In sixth decile	60	30	25	45	25	15	172,200	85,100	87,095	40	25	15
In seventh decile	20	10	10	35	25	15	156,540	78,290	78,250	80	40	40
In eighth decile	30	15	15	60	35	25	144,120	72,600	71,525	45	20	25
In ninth decile	15	5	5	30	15	10	134,265	68,285	65,980	35	20	15
In top decile	0	0	0	10	5	5	155,465	79,870	75,595	50	30	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	495	...	...	620	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	695	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.248	...	...	0.296	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436	...	...	0.436	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.554	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.219	...	...	0.262	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.368	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	3.4	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	495	240	250	620	320	300	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	695	375	315
English only	10	5	0	105	55	50	262,290	133,690	128,600	35	25	15
French only	250	105	145	100	50	50	486,845	221,005	265,840	170	95	80
English and French	210	120	95	405	200	200	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	480	265	215
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	10	5	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	10	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	495	240	250	620	320	300	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	695	375	315
English	45	25	20	230	115	110	605,220	303,380	301,835	100	50	50
French	380	175	205	345	175	170	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	545	300	250
English and French	50	30	20	35	15	15	173,785	88,480	85,300	40	25	10
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	10	5	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	10	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	495	240	250	620	320	300	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	695	375	315
Single responses	480	235	245	580	300	285	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	650	355	295
Official languages	255	125	130	445	225	220	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	530	285	240
English	25	15	10	155	75	80	322,315	162,085	160,230	60	35	30
French	225	110	115	295	150	140	870,975	428,435	442,540	465	250	215
Non-official languages	225	110	115	130	70	60	643,275	311,525	331,750	125	70	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	225	110	115	130	70	60	642,820	311,370	331,445	125	70	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	20	10	5	5	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	15	10	5	5	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	20	15	10	5	5	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	5	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	70	30	40	5	5	5	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	60	25	35	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	5	5	5	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	45	45	100	55	40	329,415	158,980	170,435	80	50	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	37,235	16,405	20,835	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	36,800	16,245	20,555	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	5	0	5	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5	0	5	17,695	7,755	9,935	20	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	20	5	68,600	36,145	32,455	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	25	20	5	48,035	25,870	22,165	5	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	10	5	5	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	10	5	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	45	45	60	35	25	183,755	87,295	96,460	50	35	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	20	15	10	0	0	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	5	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	5	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	5	5	0
Spanish	75	35	35	50	25	25	85,395	41,150	44,250	40	30	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	5	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	5	5	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	5	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	57,075	26,030	31,035	5	5	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	56,890	25,955	30,935	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	5	5	37,985	17,270	20,715	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	10	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	5	35	15	20	143,450	71,980	71,470	45	20	20
English and French	5	5	0	20	15	15	42,695	21,750	20,940	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	5	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	10	5	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	495	240	250	620	320	300	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	695	375	315
English	25	15	10	175	90	80	340,470	170,050	170,425	55	25	35
French	200	100	105	225	110	110	779,125	383,000	396,125	395	215	185
Non-official language	80	35	45	40	20	25	204,395	96,705	107,690	40	25	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	80	35	45	40	20	25	204,315	96,670	107,645	40	25	20
English and French	15	10	10	110	60	45	173,135	89,205	83,935	100	60	45
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	10	5	10	135,390	66,995	68,400	20	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	20	15	10	180,900	85,935	94,965	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	30	15	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	495	240	250	620	320	300	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	695	375	315
Single responses	445	220	225	575	290	285	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	655	360	300
Official languages	305	155	150	510	260	250	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	595	325	275
English	30	15	15	215	115	105	479,850	239,270	240,580	100	50	50
French	275	140	135	295	145	145	956,130	471,155	484,975	500	275	225
Non-official languages	145	65	75	60	30	30	370,290	177,955	192,335	60	35	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	65	75	60	30	30	370,125	177,895	192,235	60	35	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	5	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	0	0	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	5	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	45	25	25	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	65	35	30	50	25	25	188,550	90,370	98,185	45	25	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	21,410	9,870	11,540	15	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	21,300	9,830	11,475	15	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	15	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	5	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	30	35	20	20	95,835	44,515	51,315	30	20	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	10	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	5	10,365	4,860	5,500	5	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	55	30	20	30	15	15	54,335	26,035	28,300	20	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	43,570	20,275	23,295	5	5	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	43,475	20,230	23,240	5	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	5	5	30,855	14,425	16,430	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	15	5	10	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	20	25	45	25	15	173,745	85,640	88,110	35	25	15
English and French	5	0	5	30	15	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	5	39,365	19,140	20,225	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	10	5	0	57,355	27,790	29,565	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	495	240	250	620	315	305	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	695	375	315
None	335	165	175	485	250	235	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	530	285	245
English	20	15	10	60	35	30	131,630	67,290	64,340	65	40	30
French	55	25	35	35	20	20	126,780	62,180	64,600	40	25	15
Non-official language	55	25	30	10	10	5	144,335	69,210	75,130	45	30	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	55	25	30	10	10	5	144,155	69,135	75,015	45	30	20
English and French	5	5	5	10	5	0	34,410	17,320	17,090	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	5	0	10	38,875	19,700	19,180	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	5	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	505	250	260	625	325	300	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	720	380	340
Official languages	490	240	250	620	320	300	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	710	380	325
English	220	135	80	525	275	250	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	430	250	180
French	490	235	250	500	270	235	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	695	375	315
Non-official languages	330	175	160	185	95	85	971,455	471,755	499,700	190	95	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330	175	160	185	95	85	970,710	471,495	499,220	190	95	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	10	0	0	0	217,295	113,605	103,690	40	35	15
Berber languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	25	10	0	0	0	205,120	107,210	97,905	40	35	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	30	25	10	0	0	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	40	35	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	160	70	100	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	160	60	100	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	135	85	55	145	90	55	514,485	250,190	264,295	115	55	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	20	10	15	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	15	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	15	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	15	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	10	10	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	85	55	105	70	35	324,695	154,360	170,340	95	40	55
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	10	0	0	0	107,285	51,300	55,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	25	15	10
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	105	70	35	90	60	30	193,835	91,345	102,490	70	30	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	15	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	10	10	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	10	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	0	10	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	505	250	260	625	330	300	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	720	380	340
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	505	250	260	625	330	295	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	715	375	340
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	505	250	260	625	330	300	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	720	380	340
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	505	250	260	625	330	300	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	720	380	340
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	195	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	395	...	...
Owner	70	...	...	65	...	...	360,125	...	...	115	...	...
Renter	130	...	...	265	...	...	550,240	...	...	280	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	195	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	395	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	35	...	...	192,985	...	...	75	...	...
Not condominium	190	...	...	290	...	...	717,375	...	...	320	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	195	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	395	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	15	...	...
1 bedroom	40	...	...	145	...	...	267,715	...	...	175	...	...
2 bedrooms	45	...	...	110	...	...	303,875	...	...	125	...	...
3 bedrooms	90	...	...	55	...	...	220,945	...	...	50	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	25	...	...	0	...	...	98,090	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	195	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	395	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	80	...	...	190	...	...	501,570	...	...	255	...	...
5 rooms	70	...	...	80	...	...	166,230	...	...	75	...	...
6 rooms	20	...	...	25	...	...	78,495	...	...	65	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	10	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	20	...	...	20	...	...	105,210	...	...	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9	...	...	4.3	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	195	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	395	...	...
One person or fewer per room	190	...	...	315	...	...	881,730	...	...	390	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	10	...	...	28,630	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	195	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	395	...	...
Suitable	165	...	...	295	...	...	834,885	...	...	390	...	...
Not suitable	35	...	...	35	...	...	75,475	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	195	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	395	...	...
1960 or before	70	...	...	205	...	...	325,005	...	...	185	...	...
1961 to 1980	90	...	...	80	...	...	282,605	...	...	80	...	...
1981 to 1990	20	...	...	10	...	...	101,185	...	...	100	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	25	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	25	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	195	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	395	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	175	...	...	280	...	...	833,540	...	...	350	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	50	...	...	76,815	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	195	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	395	...	...
One-maintainer household	105	...	...	220	...	...	543,605	...	...	275	...	...
Two-maintainer household	55	...	...	100	...	...	333,140	...	...	95	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	35	...	...	10	...	...	33,620	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	195	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	395	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	20	...	...	40,960	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	25	...	...	80	...	...	162,375	...	...	100	...	...
35 to 44 years	20	...	...	70	...	...	171,535	...	...	55	...	...
45 to 54 years	70	...	...	55	...	...	155,520	...	...	55	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	40	...	...	156,865	...	...	75	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	45	...	...	122,825	...	...	60	...	...
75 to 84 years	25	...	...	15	...	...	70,345	...	...	30	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	200	...	...	325	...	...	902,485	...	...	400	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	170	...	...	245	...	...	686,075	...	...	290	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	35	...	...	85	...	...	216,410	...	...	105	...	...
30% to less than 100%	35	...	...	70	...	...	189,795	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	200	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	140	...	...	330,635	...	...	145	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	25	...	...	75	...	...	186,350	...	...	90	...	...
Not suitable only	20	...	...	15	...	...	56,480	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	25	...	...	50,745	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	20	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	15	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	125	...	...	185	...	...	579,720	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	200	...	...	315	...	...	875,865	...	...	375	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	45	...	...	87,945	...	...	55	...	...
Not in core need	190	...	...	270	...	...	787,925	...	...	320	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	60	...	...	360,120	...	...	115	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	75.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	60.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	33.3	...	...	17.4	...	...	21.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...	1,760	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,420	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,750	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,760	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	576,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	560,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	620,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	130	...	...	265	...	...	550,235	...	...	280	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	28.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...	24.5	...	...	28.4	...	...	28.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	13.7	...	...	14.6	...	...	17.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	795	...	...	890	...	...	795	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	890	...	...	987	...	...	890	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	510	250	255	625	325	300	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	715	380	340
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	10	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	20	10	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	15	10	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	10	0	10
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	500	250	250	610	320	295	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	690	365	325
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	510	250	255	630	325	300	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	720	375	340
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	390	190	200	565	300	255	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	565	295	265
Canadian citizens aged under 18	80	50	30	80	55	25	322,965	164,980	157,985	90	40	55
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	315	145	170	480	250	235	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	470	255	215
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	115	60	55	60	20	45	313,410	160,530	152,885	160	85	75
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	510	250	255	630	325	300	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	720	375	340
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	260	130	135	490	260	225	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	465	250	215
Immigrants⁸¹	175	80	95	110	55	50	652,730	313,955	338,770	145	70	75
Before 1980	25	10	15	15	0	10	108,265	50,530	57,735	25	10	15
1980 to 1990	25	10	15	10	0	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	45	20	30	15	10	0	106,810	50,520	56,290	30	0	20
2001 to 2010	30	20	15	15	15	0	154,780	74,520	80,255	30	15	15
2011 to 2021⁸²	55	30	25	50	25	30	213,175	104,225	108,950	65	35	30
2011 to 2015	40	15	20	30	10	20	99,070	48,005	51,065	20	10	10
2016 to 2021	15	10	10	20	15	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	35	15	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	70	40	25	35	10	20	138,240	75,380	62,860	110	55	50
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	175	80	95	110	60	50	652,725	313,955	338,770	145	70	75
Under 5 years	0	0	0	10	10	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	25	20	0	35	15	15	103,285	51,965	51,320	20	10	10
15 to 24 years	60	20	40	25	15	10	118,475	53,035	65,440	35	15	15
25 to 44 years	80	30	50	40	15	25	326,320	158,620	167,700	90	45	45
45 years and over	10	10	0	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	175	80	95	110	60	50	652,725	313,955	338,770	145	70	75
Americas	120	45	80	45	25	15	137,955	63,465	74,485	35	25	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	85	25	55	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	10	10	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0	35	15	15	33,410	15,245	18,160	10	0	0
Europe	20	10	10	55	30	30	158,795	76,610	82,190	70	25	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	30	15	15	42,245	22,305	19,935	50	20	30
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	20	10	10	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	35	25	10	0	0	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	30	25	10
Algeria	20	15	0	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	20	10	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	10	0	10	202,715	95,775	106,935	10	0	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15	10	0	25	10	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	40	20	20
Americas	10	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	15	15	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	10	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	15	10	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	25	10	20
France	0	0	0	15	10	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	20	10	15
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	505	245	260	625	325	300	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	720	380	340
First generation¹⁰⁰	245	120	125	140	65	75	813,905	400,325	413,580	255	130	125
Second generation¹⁰¹	150	90	55	125	75	50	424,225	212,755	211,475	115	65	50
Third generation or more¹⁰²	110	35	75	360	190	175	721,230	352,590	368,630	355	185	165
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	150	70	80	90	55	45	544,455	263,425	281,040	120	55	60
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	30	20	10	75	45	30	303,105	155,090	148,020	65	35	35
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	10	0	25	15	15	151,015	87,200	63,815	35	20	20
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10	0	0	45	30	20	152,090	67,890	84,205	25	10	15
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	65	20	40	15	10	0	146,645	59,645	87,000	25	10	15
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	25	35	0	0	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	30	10	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	150	70	80	90	55	45	544,455	263,425	281,040	120	55	60
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	15	25	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	20	15	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	0	20	20	10	10	56,685	26,490	30,195	40	25	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10	10	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	85	50	40	65	35	30	387,815	184,015	203,795	55	20	35
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	505	250	260	625	325	300	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	720	380	340
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	320	155	160	130	65	60	737,510	363,785	373,725	125	65	65
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	15	0	10	69,985	32,190	37,795	10	10	0
Black	215	90	120	40	15	25	208,805	101,125	107,680	50	30	20
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	30	20	10	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	25	10	15
Latin American	70	40	30	50	35	10	82,550	40,580	41,970	25	20	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	10	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	185	95	95	495	260	240	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	595	315	280
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	505	250	255	625	325	300	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	720	380	340
Canadian	105	55	50	140	65	80	241,015	115,880	125,135	140	70	75
English	0	0	0	40	25	15	59,710	30,025	29,685	10	0	10
Irish	0	0	0	45	20	25	102,325	48,885	53,440	35	0	25
Scottish	0	0	0	65	25	40	61,620	29,560	32,065	15	10	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30	15	10	110	70	40	336,880	169,710	167,170	260	145	110
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	10	0	10
Chinese	0	0	0	15	0	10	74,630	34,410	40,220	15	10	0
Italian	30	15	10	65	20	45	156,025	76,485	79,535	45	15	30
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	0	15	19,025	9,095	9,930	10	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	15	15	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	25	0	20	40	25	20	108,910	54,650	54,260	70	35	35
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	20	10	15	17,025	8,610	8,415	10	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	40	10	30	66,400	31,740	34,655	35	20	15
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	20	15	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	10	10	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	10	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	15	0	15
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	20	20	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	10	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	10	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	0	15	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	25	0	15
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	25	0	20	35,975	17,775	18,200	40	10	25
Swedish	0	0	0	10	10	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	10	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	0	25	10	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	10	10	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	10	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	10	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	30	20	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	145	60	80	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	20	10	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	25	20	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	30	20	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	25	10	15	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	30	15	20	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	10	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	505	250	260	625	330	300	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	720	380	335
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	360	160	195	315	170	150	969,945	451,410	518,540	335	190	135
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105	40	65	40	25	15	116,635	55,545	61,090	30	20	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	15	10	10	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	190	105	90	205	115	95	675,695	314,690	361,010	285	165	125
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	20	10	15	68,635	32,680	35,950	10	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	30	10	25	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	30	10	20	10	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	40	30	10	10	0	10	233,440	121,145	112,290	65	35	25
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	105	60	50	285	150	135	590,140	310,985	279,165	315	150	170
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	510	250	255	615	325	290	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	710	380	335
Non-movers	460	220	240	530	275	255	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	590	310	280
Movers	50	30	15	85	50	35	255,365	129,500	125,865	125	65	60
Non-migrants	35	30	10	75	50	30	186,805	94,745	92,055	100	55	45
Migrants	10	0	10	0	0	10	68,560	34,750	33,810	25	10	10
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	10	0	10	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	25	10	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	475	225	255	590	300	295	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	690	365	325
Non-movers	240	95	145	275	125	145	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	335	180	155
Movers	235	125	110	320	175	145	821,475	413,250	408,230	355	190	170
Non-migrants	130	75	60	190	110	80	433,700	216,030	217,670	175	95	85
Migrants	105	55	50	130	65	65	387,770	197,215	190,560	180	95	85
Internal migrants	25	10	15	100	50	50	190,035	93,955	96,075	40	20	15
Intraprovincial migrants	25	10	15	75	30	40	159,710	78,770	80,940	40	20	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30	20	10	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	75	40	35	25	0	15	197,735	103,260	94,485	140	70	65
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	415	195	220	560	280	285	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	625	335	290
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	125	55	70	125	70	60	274,820	136,500	138,320	80	45	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	290	140	150	435	210	225	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	545	290	255
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	245	120	125	390	190	205	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	455	240	220
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	20	30	75	40	45	121,295	65,950	55,345	40	25	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	195	100	95	315	150	160	975,700	481,690	494,005	415	215	205
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	415	200	220	560	280	285	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	630	335	290
No certificate, diploma or degree	100	50	50	115	60	55	247,460	120,840	126,625	65	35	30
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	85	50	35	120	60	60	319,755	162,520	157,240	95	50	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	235	95	130	325	155	170	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	465	255	215
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	200	85	115	160	75	80	473,060	232,855	240,210	165	95	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	90	40	45	55	30	25	146,170	81,740	64,425	35	25	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	70	30	45	40	15	25	106,110	54,025	52,085	25	20	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	20	20	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	100	35	70	80	30	50	260,845	122,345	138,495	120	65	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	25	15	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	15	0	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	35	15	15	170	80	95	609,855	291,355	318,505	300	160	145
Bachelor's degree	25	15	10	120	45	75	344,605	160,320	184,285	120	75	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	10	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	40	20	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	10	10	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	30	15	15	159,510	78,325	81,190	130	50	80
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	245	120	125	395	190	200	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	460	235	220
No certificate, diploma or degree	30	15	15	70	35	40	102,815	55,805	47,015	40	20	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	45	30	15	60	35	25	162,205	88,420	73,785	25	10	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	165	70	95	260	120	140	831,975	403,420	428,555	395	205	185
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145	60	90	105	55	55	333,160	167,260	165,895	130	70	60
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	60	25	35	35	15	15	110,390	60,690	49,700	25	25	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	10	30	20	0	15	81,090	40,585	40,505	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	15	0	15	15	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	20	55	50	20	30	174,185	84,745	89,445	95	50	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	25	15	10	48,580	21,830	26,755	10	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	20	15	10	150	70	80	498,815	236,155	262,665	260	135	130
Bachelor's degree	20	15	0	105	40	65	276,640	128,890	147,745	100	60	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	15	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	40	20	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	30	10	20	137,150	66,720	70,430	120	45	75
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	415	200	220	565	280	285	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	630	340	290
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	185	100	85	230	125	110	567,220	283,355	283,860	165	85	75
Education	20	0	15	0	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	0
13. Education	20	0	15	0	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	40	15	25	69,210	32,705	36,505	65	40	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	35	10	25	61,135	27,085	34,045	60	40	20
Humanities	0	0	0	20	0	20	78,920	30,815	48,110	50	20	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	25	70	30	40	157,220	58,185	99,040	80	35	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	15	0	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	30	15	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	25	0	20	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	10	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	25	15	10	59,300	29,185	30,110	30	10	25
Business, management and public administration	50	15	30	80	45	35	248,895	110,950	137,945	95	45	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	10	0	10	11,535	2,785	8,745	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	15	30	75	45	25	237,125	108,040	129,090	80	45	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	15	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	10	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	10	0	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	30	20	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	10	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	25	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	45	0	70	45	25	173,380	143,615	29,765	50	45	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	15	10	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	20	10	10	78,800	61,515	17,290	20	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20	10	10	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	10	10	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	55	10	45	25	10	15	122,295	30,795	91,495	50	20	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	55	10	45	25	10	15	109,185	24,140	85,045	45	10	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	0	10	10	0	10	42,230	22,590	19,640	20	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	10	0	10	26,800	9,745	17,060	20	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	250	120	130	390	190	200	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	455	240	225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	80	50	30	135	65	60	265,025	144,230	120,800	65	35	35
Education	10	0	10	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
13. Education	10	0	10	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	35	15	20	54,840	26,500	28,340	60	35	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	30	10	20	48,205	21,870	26,335	55	35	20
Humanities	0	0	0	20	0	20	52,565	20,765	31,805	35	15	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	0	20	60	20	40	121,985	44,105	77,880	65	20	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	15	0	10	20,165	6,920	13,245	15	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15	20	0	20	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	15	10	10	44,580	21,945	22,635	25	0	25
Business, management and public administration	30	0	20	70	45	25	199,525	87,920	111,600	90	40	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	0	20	70	45	25	190,410	85,600	104,810	75	40	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	10	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	30	20	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	10	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	25	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	35	0	40	30	15	137,395	112,025	25,370	45	40	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	15	10	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	20	10	10	66,210	51,090	15,115	20	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15	10	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	10	30	10	0	10	92,595	23,265	69,330	35	10	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	45	10	30	10	0	10	82,410	18,370	64,045	35	10	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	10	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	15	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	250	120	130	390	190	200	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	455	240	225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	80	50	30	135	65	60	265,025	144,230	120,800	65	35	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	170	70	95	260	120	140	831,975	403,415	428,560	390	205	185
Location of study inside Canada	135	50	85	200	100	100	598,455	286,340	312,115	240	120	115
Same as province or territory of residence	135	50	85	180	80	100	566,540	270,160	296,380	220	110	110
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	25	20	10	31,915	16,180	15,735	15	10	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	35	20	10	55	20	40	233,520	117,075	116,445	155	80	70
Americas	20	10	10	10	10	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	45	10	25	74,705	39,515	35,190	125	65	60
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	25	10	15	43,480	23,805	19,675	105	55	55
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	20	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	10	10	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	15	10	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	415	200	220	560	280	285	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	630	335	290
In the labour force	275	135	135	400	215	190	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	415	205	215
Employed	235	125	115	385	205	180	971,245	502,885	468,360	395	190	195
Unemployed	35	15	20	15	10	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	25	10	10
Not in the labour force	140	55	85	165	65	95	568,495	246,215	322,280	215	130	75
Participation rate	66.3	67.5	61.4	71.4	76.8	66.7	65.5	69.5	61.8	65.9	61.2	74.1
Employment rate	56.6	62.5	52.3	68.8	73.2	63.2	58.9	62.3	55.6	62.7	56.7	67.2
Unemployment rate	12.7	11.1	14.8	3.8	4.7	5.3	10.2	10.4	10.0	6.0	4.9	4.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	415	200	220	565	280	285	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	630	340	290
Did not work¹⁸⁶	185	80	110	175	85	90	582,470	253,075	329,400	195	110	80
Worked	230	115	110	385	195	190	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	435	225	210
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	125	55	70	215	115	100	529,400	287,950	241,450	215	120	100
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	100	60	40	170	80	90	538,265	266,540	271,725	220	105	110
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	38.0	44.0	43.3	45.0	41.6	39.7	40.2	39.3	39.6	39.0	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	270	140	135	400	210	185	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	415	200	210
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	0	20	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	250	135	115	400	210	185	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	410	200	210
Employee	230	115	115	355	180	180	907,745	457,830	449,915	365	165	200
Permanent position	190	95	95	315	155	165	741,830	380,445	361,385	280	145	135
Temporary position	35	10	25	35	20	15	165,915	77,385	88,530	85	20	65
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	25	10	15	69,690	31,285	38,405	50	0	45
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	25	10	10	15	10	0	96,225	46,100	50,120	40	15	25
Self-employed¹⁹²	25	25	0	45	35	0	142,380	88,145	54,230	45	35	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	270	140	135	400	210	185	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	415	200	210
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	0	20	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	250	135	115	400	210	185	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	410	200	210
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	40	10	35	90	25	70	207,660	79,975	127,685	75	20	55
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	15	0	35	25	15	114,775	85,780	28,990	65	35	30
3 Health occupations	45	0	35	15	15	0	85,545	21,700	63,845	25	15	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	0	0	0	50	20	30	140,500	46,385	94,115	55	10	45
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	35	20	15	61,790	31,615	30,175	60	45	15
6 Sales and service occupations	40	30	15	115	80	40	263,055	135,300	127,750	100	55	40
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	50	0	40	30	15	109,555	99,115	10,440	25	25	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	15	15	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	30	15	20	15	10	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	270	140	135	400	210	185	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	415	200	210
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	0	20	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	250	135	115	400	210	185	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	410	200	210
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	20	20	0	25	15	10	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	60	35	25	15	10	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	15	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	20	15	0	30	25	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	20	10	15	45	35	10	111,555	56,180	55,375	45	25	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	20	0	30	10	15	56,160	43,355	12,805	15	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	25	10	20	43,110	26,250	16,865	55	20	40
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	30	10	20	53,430	27,205	26,225	20	10	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	10	0	40	30	0	130,405	75,750	54,655	55	30	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	15	10	15	10	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	10	10	0
61 Educational services	10	0	10	35	10	30	95,290	34,510	60,780	60	20	40
62 Health care and social assistance	55	10	45	60	20	35	142,545	36,095	106,450	50	20	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	30	20	10
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	30	15	15	59,510	32,125	27,380	25	20	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	0	0	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	15	0	10	42,120	20,455	21,665	15	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	265	135	120	420	215	200	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	450	235	215
English	15	10	10	70	50	15	201,310	110,165	91,150	30	15	20
French	190	90	95	125	55	70	416,430	206,170	210,265	255	150	105
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	55	30	20	205	100	105	473,485	249,700	223,785	155	75	85
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	265	135	120	420	215	200	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	450	235	215
Single responses	255	135	120	390	205	185	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	420	225	195
Official languages	250	130	120	380	200	180	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	420	225	195
English	30	25	10	145	80	65	361,715	194,885	166,835	75	35	40
French	220	105	110	230	115	120	645,885	327,180	318,705	345	190	155
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	25	15	15	126,180	65,940	60,240	30	10	20
English and French	0	0	0	25	15	15	116,535	60,925	55,605	30	10	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	265	135	120	420	215	200	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	450	235	215
None	210	105	105	230	125	105	743,180	381,875	361,305	315	170	145
English	35	20	15	110	60	45	219,885	116,455	103,430	85	45	45
French	15	15	0	70	30	40	149,470	78,495	70,975	40	20	25
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	235	130	110	385	210	180	971,245	502,885	468,360	390	195	195
Worked at home	25	15	10	130	65	65	298,820	151,335	147,485	170	75	95
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	30	30	0	10	10	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	20	20	0
Usual place of work	190	80	100	250	135	115	580,035	286,695	293,340	195	95	100
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	185	80	100	250	135	115	580,035	286,695	293,340	195	95	100
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	130	55	80	225	135	90	427,475	202,010	225,465	175	75	95
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	10	0	20	0	20	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	40	20	25	0	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	25	20	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	220	110	105	255	145	115	669,150	349,485	319,665	220	115	100
Car, truck or van	165	90	75	100	60	40	395,615	229,315	166,300	55	40	15
Car, truck or van - as a driver	150	85	65	90	60	35	365,770	218,475	147,295	55	40	15
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	10	10	0	10	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	45	20	25	125	65	55	177,860	74,605	103,260	55	15	40
Walked	0	0	0	25	20	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	80	40	35
Bicycle	0	0	0	15	0	10	21,435	12,640	8,795	25	15	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	220	110	105	255	145	115	669,150	349,485	319,665	220	115	100
Less than 15 minutes	20	10	10	40	25	10	125,240	61,185	64,055	50	25	30
15 to 29 minutes	95	50	45	80	40	40	241,005	129,590	111,420	85	40	45
30 to 44 minutes	70	25	45	70	40	25	176,925	96,710	80,215	65	40	20
45 to 59 minutes	15	10	0	35	20	20	67,635	33,110	34,530	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	20	10	10	30	15	15	58,350	28,905	29,445	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	220	110	105	255	145	115	669,150	349,485	319,665	220	115	100
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35	15	15	15	15	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	45	20	25	50	35	20	95,270	56,280	38,990	20	20	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	60	30	25	45	0	35	166,695	79,410	87,280	55	15	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25	0	20	50	25	25	149,185	68,865	80,320	25	20	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15	0	10	20	20	0	106,855	50,615	56,240	70	30	40
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	30	10	75	50	30	112,350	65,830	46,520	40	35	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	100	55	50	95	50	45	371,310	189,920	181,390	80	45	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	0	30	20	15	109,065	56,315	52,750	15	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	45	45	65	30	30	262,245	133,605	128,640	70	40	30
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	75	35	35	50	30	20	264,905	135,505	129,395	45	30	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	20	15	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	5	0	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15	10	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	0	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	5	5	5	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	35	35	30	20	10	182,020	92,755	89,270	50	25	20

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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