Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662712More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24663194More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24662984More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	649	...	...	539	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	671	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	268	...	...	269	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	210	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	254	...	...	260	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	209	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	7,934.0	...	...	5,483.2	...	...	6.5	...	...	663.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.08	...	...	0.10	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	1.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	650	320	335	540	270	265	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	670	345	330
0 to 14 years	135	65	70	70	25	45	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	140	80	55
0 to 4 years	45	25	20	25	10	15	422,980	217,145	205,840	35	20	10
5 to 9 years	50	20	25	30	10	20	478,955	245,295	233,665	50	25	20
10 to 14 years	40	20	25	20	10	10	489,425	250,855	238,570	55	30	20
15 to 64 years	410	205	205	410	220	190	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	415	200	215
15 to 19 years	30	15	15	20	10	10	429,400	219,400	209,995	40	25	20
20 to 24 years	40	25	20	45	25	25	460,660	235,250	225,405	35	15	15
25 to 29 years	50	25	25	75	35	45	527,150	266,455	260,700	35	20	15
30 to 34 years	45	15	30	50	25	20	536,040	267,770	268,270	25	10	15
35 to 39 years	40	20	20	45	25	20	550,425	274,350	276,075	40	20	20
40 to 44 years	65	35	30	55	25	25	572,565	286,405	286,160	45	20	25
45 to 49 years	40	25	20	35	20	15	516,465	259,565	256,905	40	20	20
50 to 54 years	45	20	20	30	15	15	522,935	262,610	260,325	45	20	25
55 to 59 years	30	20	15	25	20	10	615,690	307,230	308,465	50	25	25
60 to 64 years	25	15	10	30	15	10	625,610	307,710	317,900	60	30	35
65 years and over	100	40	60	60	25	30	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	115	55	60
65 to 69 years	25	15	15	15	5	5	541,970	264,020	277,950	50	25	25
70 to 74 years	25	15	20	15	5	10	455,900	217,985	237,910	35	20	20
75 to 79 years	20	10	10	15	5	10	330,840	153,790	177,050	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	15	5	10	10	5	5	210,405	90,825	119,580	15	5	5
85 years and over	15	5	5	0	5	0	214,415	75,305	139,115	10	0	5
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	131,755	50,610	81,150	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	5	5	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.8	20.3	20.9	13.0	9.3	17.0	16.4	17.0	15.8	20.9	23.2	16.7
15 to 64 years	63.1	64.1	61.2	75.9	81.5	71.7	63.0	63.9	62.1	61.9	58.0	65.2
65 years and over	15.4	12.5	17.9	11.1	9.3	11.3	20.6	19.1	22.1	17.2	15.9	18.2
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	1.5	0.0	1.9	0.0	2.5	1.8	3.2	1.5	0.0	1.5
Average age of the population	38.2	37.4	39.0	37.4	38.2	36.6	42.8	41.8	43.7	40.6	39.2	42.1
Median age of the population	38.8	38.4	38.8	35.2	36.0	33.2	43.2	42.0	44.0	43.2	41.2	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	250	...	...	260	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Single-detached house	30	...	...	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	210	...	...
Semi-detached house	25	...	...	0	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	98,625	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	50	...	...	10	...	...	271,245	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	155	...	...	250	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	255	...	...	260	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
1 person	95	...	...	105	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	15	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	80	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	45	...	...	480,135	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	20	...	...	427,605	...	...	60	...	...
5 or more persons	35	...	...	10	...	...	228,060	...	...	35	...	...
Number of persons in private households	650	315	335	540	270	270	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	670	340	330
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	515	250	265	470	240	225	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	535	260	270
Married or living common-law	245	125	120	215	110	110	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	355	180	175
Married	185	95	90	170	85	80	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	335	165	165
Living common-law	60	25	30	45	25	25	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	20	10	10
Living common law - Never married	45	20	25	45	25	20	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	15	5	10
Living common law - Separated	0	5	0	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	10	0	0	0	261,885	135,520	126,370	5	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	0	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	270	125	145	250	135	120	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	180	80	95
Not married and not living common law - Never married	170	85	80	185	100	80	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	140	75	65
Not married and not living common law - Separated	30	15	15	15	5	10	106,275	48,095	58,175	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	20	25	45	20	25	494,210	197,455	296,755	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	30	5	25	5	0	5	380,100	89,515	290,580	15	5	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	150	...	...	135	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	195	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	65	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	40	...	...	454,980	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	20	...	...	412,850	...	...	60	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	5	...	...	187,600	...	...	30	...	...
Average size of census families	3.4	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.2	...	...	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	150	...	...	130	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	190	...	...
Total couple families	110	...	...	100	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	175	...	...
Married couples	80	...	...	75	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	165	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	55	...	...	502,020	...	...	110	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	25	...	...	609,605	...	...	55	...	...
Common-law couples	30	...	...	25	...	...	828,005	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	0	...	...	401,885	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	25	...	...	426,120	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	40	...	...	30	...	...	383,775	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	30	...	...	25	...	...	284,025	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	10	...	...	99,755	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	645	315	335	540	270	270	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	670	340	330
Total - Persons in census families	505	240	265	365	170	190	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	635	330	305
Married spouses or common-law partners	225	110	115	200	100	100	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	355	180	180
Parents in one-parent families	35	5	35	30	5	25	383,780	99,755	284,020	15	5	10
Children⁶	245	125	120	130	65	70	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	270	150	120
In a two-parent family	180	90	90	90	40	45	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	240	140	100
In a one-parent family	65	35	30	45	25	20	585,820	317,400	268,415	25	10	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	145	75	70	175	100	75	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	35	15	25
Living alone	90	45	45	100	55	45	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	15	5	10
Living with other relatives⁷	20	5	10	25	15	15	165,070	74,060	91,005	15	0	10
Living with non-relatives only	35	25	15	45	30	15	268,810	158,325	110,485	10	0	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	255	...	...	260	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	140	...	...	120	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	175	...	...
Couple-family households	100	...	...	95	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	160	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	55	...	...	851,835	...	...	110	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	45	...	...	982,260	...	...	55	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	25	...	...	331,395	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	5	...	...	50,790	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	5	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	25	...	...	139,280	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	95	...	...	100	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	20	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	510	250	260	465	240	225	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	530	260	270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	490	240	250	450	235	215	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	515	250	260
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	30,600	32,000	32,000	32,000	32,000	40,800	44,800	37,200	60,400	67,000	56,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	490	240	250	450	235	215	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	520	255	260
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	28,800	30,000	29,400	28,800	30,600	36,400	39,200	33,600	49,600	55,600	47,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	395	200	195	395	205	190	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	485	235	240
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,600	24,200	23,200	22,600	24,200	21,600	33,600	39,600	28,000	58,400	70,000	51,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	325	175	155	345	185	160	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	390	195	190
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	26,400	30,200	23,000	25,800	21,800	36,000	40,400	31,600	52,400	60,000	44,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	440	215	220	410	205	200	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	370	155	215
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	13,000	12,900	9,400	8,500	10,200	11,500	10,200	12,300	9,200	9,300	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50	30	15	55	30	25	837,635	441,080	396,550	25	5	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,520	x	5,520	5,960	5,000	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,000	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	180	110	80	175	95	80	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	160	70	90
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	11,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	495	250	250	535	280	255	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	525	280	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	480	240	240	495	260	235	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	505	270	235
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,800	42,800	36,800	36,800	38,800	34,400	51,160	57,550	44,960	131,000	131,000	131,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	480	240	240	495	260	235	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	505	270	235
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	35,600	32,400	32,600	33,600	31,200	41,840	45,760	38,000	90,000	92,000	88,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	360	195	165	465	240	220	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	490	265	220
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	39,600	32,400	28,900	33,600	23,800	45,480	52,900	38,000	128,500	128,000	130,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	175	125	400	215	180	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	385	210	170
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	40,400	38,500	29,100	34,400	23,000	46,240	51,950	40,040	111,200	121,000	99,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	425	205	220	440	215	225	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	345	170	175
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,450	12,500	16,400	11,080	9,200	12,900	12,410	11,500	13,220	11,200	11,600	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40	20	20	55	25	30	837,180	441,665	395,515	25	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	8,000	5,600	4,200	4,400	4,000	7,040	6,380	7,780	4,800	...	...
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	190	100	90	210	95	110	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	160	90	65
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	9,800	9,800	8,900	9,000	8,800	8,130	7,910	8,390	10,400	9,600	11,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	495	250	250	535	280	255	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	530	275	245
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	145	85	60	145	100	40	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	200	115	85
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	50,000	51,600	51,600	57,600	43,600	58,400	62,800	53,600	116,000	148,000	97,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,000	66,000	62,000	52,000	55,000	44,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	154,000	164,000	142,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	110	55	55	190	75	115	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	175	100	75
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,500	21,000	9,900	11,900	12,700	10,200	18,600	21,400	16,600	17,400	11,000	30,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	24,000	13,200	17,800	19,000	16,800	28,160	32,120	24,360	59,600	73,000	42,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	68.0	75.0	59.0	73.5	80.0	65.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	94.0	94.0	94.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.0	68.0	54.0	63.6	74.0	51.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	64.0	72.0	54.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	32.0	24.8	41.0	26.6	19.6	35.5	20.1	15.8	25.6	5.8	5.5	6.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.0	1.4	1.7	1.5	2.0	0.2	x	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	10.8	10.2	11.6	11.3	9.6	13.4	5.4	4.8	6.1	2.6	2.6	2.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.6	9.2	10.0	10.2	8.8	12.0	4.6	4.3	5.1	2.5	2.5	2.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	515	250	265	470	240	225	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	535	260	270
Without total income	25	10	15	20	10	10	179,955	87,650	92,310	20	10	10
With total income	495	245	245	450	235	215	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	515	255	260
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60	30	30	40	20	15	462,400	204,245	258,155	40	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	65	35	30	90	55	35	809,375	334,315	475,065	50	15	30
$20,000 to $29,999	110	55	55	75	35	40	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	60	30	30
$30,000 to $39,999	80	40	45	95	50	50	896,520	414,070	482,445	35	20	20
$40,000 to $49,999	55	30	25	55	25	35	849,005	411,680	437,325	30	15	20
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	15	40	20	20	687,020	345,720	341,305	40	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	35	15	25	25	15	10	503,110	271,695	231,415	35	15	25
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	0	20	10	5	367,455	208,475	158,980	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	10	5	0	284,690	158,760	125,930	15	5	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	5	0	0	0	198,140	112,355	85,780	15	5	15
$100,000 and over	20	10	10	5	0	0	556,780	365,700	191,080	160	100	60
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	10	0	0	0	385,890	245,635	140,260	55	25	30
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	170,890	120,065	50,820	105	75	35
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	515	250	265	470	240	225	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	535	260	270
Without after-tax income	25	10	15	20	10	10	177,960	86,610	91,355	15	5	10
With after-tax income	495	245	245	450	235	215	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	515	250	260
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60	30	30	35	20	15	495,035	214,000	281,030	45	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	65	35	30	90	55	35	853,250	356,480	496,765	50	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	130	65	65	100	50	50	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	60	25	35
$30,000 to $39,999	95	50	40	95	50	50	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	50	25	25
$40,000 to $49,999	60	25	35	65	30	40	994,235	505,970	488,265	55	25	30
$50,000 to $59,999	40	15	25	30	20	15	691,015	372,870	318,145	50	15	30
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	20	10	10	459,665	251,490	208,170	35	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	10	10	0	0	292,135	160,985	131,150	20	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	0	0	0	174,905	104,610	70,295	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	0	0	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	15	10	10
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	229,765	156,750	73,020	110	75	40
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	119,125	78,615	40,515	30	15	15
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	80	55	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	515	250	265	470	240	225	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	535	260	270
Without employment income	190	75	110	120	55	65	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	145	65	80
With employment income	325	170	150	345	185	165	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	385	195	190
Under $5,000 (including loss)	55	30	20	50	25	25	644,075	331,770	312,300	55	30	30
$5,000 to $9,999	50	30	15	45	25	15	401,185	180,585	220,595	20	5	15
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	65	30	30	603,350	273,725	329,620	35	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	25	10	15	50	25	25	495,105	228,670	266,435	25	10	15
$30,000 to $39,999	50	35	15	45	25	20	488,000	239,620	248,380	20	10	10
$40,000 to $49,999	25	10	15	25	15	15	485,845	242,230	243,610	30	15	15
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	10	30	20	15	403,980	217,425	186,560	25	10	20
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	15	10	5	320,700	184,770	135,935	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	15	10	5	250,635	147,020	103,615	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	15	0	10	5	0	0	218,100	120,085	98,020	10	0	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	5	0	0	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	5	0	10
$100,000 and over	10	10	5	5	0	0	422,055	285,910	136,145	120	75	40
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	0	0	0	205,085	133,500	71,585	35	20	15
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	216,965	152,410	64,555	90	60	25
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	510	250	260	465	240	225	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	530	260	270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	475	235	240	440	225	210	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	510	250	260
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	26,800	29,600	24,400	25,200	24,000	38,400	43,200	34,000	60,400	68,000	53,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	475	235	240	440	225	210	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	510	250	260
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	25,800	28,000	23,400	23,200	23,800	34,000	37,600	30,600	48,800	55,600	44,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	380	190	190	385	200	185	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	485	240	245
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,600	27,200	25,800	22,200	25,000	20,000	34,800	40,400	29,200	58,800	67,500	50,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	310	165	150	335	185	155	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	390	195	195
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	29,000	31,000	23,600	27,400	19,200	36,400	41,200	31,800	53,200	62,000	46,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	405	200	205	375	195	180	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	325	135	190
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	4,160	10,000	2,240	1,880	3,600	7,800	5,640	9,100	3,680	4,280	3,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	20	20	30	15	15	727,165	390,255	336,910	25	5	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	5,280	4,800	6,400	x	x	5,000	4,760	5,280	7,150	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	495	250	250	535	280	255	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	525	280	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	460	230	235	490	255	235	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	495	265	235
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,600	40,400	32,800	31,000	34,000	27,600	48,600	55,500	41,880	177,000	149,000	210,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	460	230	235	490	255	235	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	495	265	235
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,100	33,200	28,800	27,700	29,800	25,600	39,600	44,000	35,320	110,800	98,000	125,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	340	185	150	450	235	210	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	480	260	220
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,000	41,200	31,600	26,900	32,400	21,000	45,920	53,800	37,920	179,000	148,000	216,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	285	165	125	390	205	180	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	415	220	195
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	43,200	38,000	27,300	33,200	20,400	46,240	52,450	39,520	138,500	129,000	150,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	400	190	215	410	210	195	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	315	155	155
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,680	8,400	12,700	7,280	5,080	9,700	9,450	8,430	10,320	6,750	6,100	7,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50	25	30	55	20	35	727,815	390,880	336,935	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	11,000	6,000	10,000	9,000	10,000	7,020	5,975	8,230	...	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	495	250	250	535	280	255	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	530	275	245
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	140	75	60	145	100	40	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	200	115	85
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	47,200	48,000	44,000	47,600	23,000	54,800	60,000	49,200	113,000	122,000	92,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	66,000	58,000	43,000	49,000	30,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	160,000	192,000	120,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	100	55	40	165	65	100	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	180	105	80
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	27,400	18,200	16,600	13,400	16,800	23,600	27,200	21,000	25,400	18,000	32,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	25,000	17,000	20,600	22,000	19,600	33,000	37,800	28,360	57,600	64,000	50,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	74.5	82.0	64.0	80.0	88.0	70.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	98.0	98.0	98.0
Employment income (%)	69.0	75.0	62.0	70.5	80.0	58.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	65.5	73.0	59.0
Government transfers (%)	25.6	17.2	36.0	19.8	12.4	29.6	14.9	10.8	20.2	2.4	2.4	2.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.6	2.8	2.4	3.6	1.6	6.0	1.6	1.3	2.0	x	...	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	255	...	...	260	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	54,400	...	...	72,500	...	...	208,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	49,200	...	...	63,200	...	...	153,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	95	...	...	100	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,200	...	...	38,400	...	...	38,800	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	27,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	34,400	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	160	...	...	160	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	195	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	69,500	...	...	97,000	...	...	216,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	64,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	265	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	64,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	320,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	56,800	...	...	75,200	...	...	220,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	105	...	...	110	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,500	...	...	41,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,000	...	...	35,500	...	...	39,640	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	155	...	...	170	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	332,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	71,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	228,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	255	...	...	260	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	52,080	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	82,470	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	218,185	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	144,420	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	143,285	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	172,005	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	174,790	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	166,990	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	310,880	...	...	5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	280,505	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	255,770	...	...	0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	235,235	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	208,320	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	40	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	165	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	414,805	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	282,590	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	307,835	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	239,060	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	255	...	...	260	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	53,600	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	87,695	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	234,875	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	177,135	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	180,150	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	213,760	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	210,280	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	193,530	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	356,325	...	...	5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	322,530	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	289,580	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	254,885	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	216,370	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	15	...	...	892,775	...	...	155	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	387,835	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	225,830	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	279,105	...	...	110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	150	...	...	140	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	218,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	64,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	40	...	...	991,710	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	70,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	194,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	66,500	...	...	72,500	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	55	...	...	907,765	...	...	115	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	76,500	...	...	130,000	...	...	244,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	110,000	...	...	186,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	...	...	3.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	30	...	...	368,845	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	59,200	...	...	69,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	54,400	...	...	61,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	125	65	60	145	80	65	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	25	10	15
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,800	24,000	31,200	32,800	32,800	33,600	36,800	39,200	34,800	46,000	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,800	23,800	29,400	30,400	30,200	30,800	33,200	34,800	31,600	40,000	x	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	145	...	...	145	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	185	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	304,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	74,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	214,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	35	...	...	992,110	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	360,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	250,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	80	...	...	909,160	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	284,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	204,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	15	...	...	367,155	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	240,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	180,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	135	70	60	180	100	80	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	30	0	15
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,800	23,000	36,000	35,600	39,000	31,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	320,000	x	280,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	25,600	21,000	31,000	31,400	33,500	29,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	190,000	x	120,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	650	320	335	540	270	270	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	670	345	325
0 to 17 years	155	70	85	85	40	50	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	165	95	75
0 to 5 years	60	30	25	30	10	20	515,725	264,785	250,935	45	25	20
18 to 64 years	390	205	190	395	210	185	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	385	185	205
65 years and over	100	40	60	60	25	35	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	115	55	60
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	120	65	60	120	65	55	992,235	463,295	528,940	25	15	15
0 to 17 years	30	15	20	25	10	10	159,530	82,000	77,530	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	5	0	5	53,105	27,240	25,870	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	65	45	20	80	40	35	515,470	256,435	259,035	15	5	10
65 years and over	25	10	15	20	5	15	317,235	124,865	192,370	5	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.8	20.0	17.5	22.8	24.0	22.0	11.9	11.2	12.7	3.8	4.0	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	22.0	18.0	24.0	28.0	36.0	20.0	9.7	9.7	9.7	4.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	x	20.0	25.0	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	16.5	21.0	12.0	20.0	20.0	19.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	3.2	4.0	3.0
65 years and over (%)	24.0	20.0	28.0	36.0	30.0	36.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	5.0	x	8.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	645	315	330	540	270	270	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	670	340	330
0 to 17 years	150	70	80	90	35	50	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	170	95	70
0 to 5 years	55	30	30	30	10	25	511,400	262,535	248,860	45	30	15
18 to 64 years	395	205	190	390	210	185	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	390	185	200
65 years and over	100	40	65	55	20	35	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	115	60	55
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	85	45	40	85	50	35	439,850	223,055	216,795	15	10	10
0 to 17 years	20	5	15	20	10	5	61,665	31,610	30,060	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	5	0	5	19,815	10,190	9,630	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	50	30	20	60	35	30	313,970	167,015	146,955	10	5	5
65 years and over	10	5	10	5	5	0	64,210	24,430	39,780	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.0	14.0	12.4	15.4	17.5	13.0	5.3	5.4	5.2	2.4	2.0	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	13.0	x	18.0	18.0	25.0	16.0	3.8	3.8	3.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	x	16.0	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	13.6	17.0	10.0	16.0	17.0	15.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	2.4	2.5	2.5
65 years and over (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0	x	x	x	4.0	3.3	4.7	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	650	320	335	540	270	265	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	670	345	330
In bottom half of the distribution	460	230	235	440	220	225	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	155	80	75
In bottom decile	110	60	55	110	60	50	851,840	407,705	444,140	25	10	15
In second decile	100	50	50	95	50	45	920,490	434,730	485,760	25	10	15
In third decile	140	65	75	100	45	55	969,255	471,650	497,600	15	10	10
In fourth decile	70	30	35	70	30	40	978,345	482,760	495,590	50	25	25
In fifth decile	50	25	25	70	35	30	947,090	473,285	473,810	45	20	20
In top half of the distribution	185	85	100	100	50	50	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	515	265	250
In sixth decile	50	20	25	60	25	30	899,660	454,970	444,690	25	10	10
In seventh decile	60	30	25	15	10	10	837,225	425,400	411,830	45	25	20
In eighth decile	30	15	15	20	10	10	752,410	383,450	368,955	40	25	20
In ninth decile	45	20	30	0	0	0	634,425	325,700	308,730	120	60	60
In top decile	0	0	0	0	0	0	517,725	267,160	250,565	280	140	140
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	645	...	...	540	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	670	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.299	...	...	0.256	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.435	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.486	...	...	0.418	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.488	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.222	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.376	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.4	...	...	5.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	645	315	330	540	270	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	670	340	330
English only	25	10	15	135	70	70	445,575	228,840	216,735	50	25	25
French only	290	130	155	75	30	40	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	35	15	20
English and French	290	155	140	310	165	150	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	580	300	280
Neither English nor French	40	20	25	15	5	5	82,075	35,200	46,875	5	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	645	315	330	540	270	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	670	340	330
English	70	35	35	250	125	120	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	280	140	140
French	450	225	225	200	100	95	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	275	135	135
English and French	85	40	45	80	35	45	329,515	169,050	160,465	110	65	50
Neither English nor French	40	20	25	15	5	5	79,000	33,590	45,410	5	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	645	315	330	540	270	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	670	340	330
Single responses	600	285	315	485	245	240	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	610	310	300
Official languages	240	130	115	215	115	100	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	280	140	140
English	25	15	10	90	50	45	639,365	323,170	316,195	95	50	45
French	220	120	105	120	65	55	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	190	95	90
Non-official languages	360	155	200	265	130	135	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	330	170	160
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	360	155	200	265	130	135	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	330	170	160
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	65	75	15	10	10	233,220	122,895	110,320	70	35	35
Berber languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	10	10	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	125	55	70	15	10	5	204,600	107,735	96,865	65	30	35
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	125	55	70	10	5	5	198,785	104,765	94,020	65	30	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	5	5	5	37,425	17,185	20,240	10	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	5	0	5	5	5	28,630	13,180	15,450	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	50	20	30	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	5	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	35	15	20	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	50	25	30	10	5	10	62,640	28,375	34,265	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	30	15	20	10	5	10	46,475	20,690	25,785	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	135	55	75	125	55	60	595,790	290,670	305,115	210	110	100
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	80	45	35
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	40	15	25	68,295	30,855	37,435	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	40	15	25	67,565	30,570	36,995	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	5	0	5	12,495	5,380	7,120	5	0	5
Russian	0	0	0	30	15	20	31,700	14,115	17,590	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	25,580	12,440	13,140	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	5	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	30	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	15	10	10	101,450	52,780	48,665	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	20	5	10	63,025	33,465	29,555	10	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5	5	5	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5	0	5	23,825	12,975	10,855	5	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	38,400	19,305	19,090	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	35,615	17,770	17,850	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	5	22,130	10,990	11,140	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	50	70	45	25	20	346,000	167,870	178,130	85	40	45
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	60	20	40	0	0	0	90,940	44,080	46,865	70	35	35
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	5	35,810	17,115	18,695	0	0	0
Spanish	65	30	35	35	15	15	177,155	86,490	90,660	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	55	25	25	87,540	40,170	47,375	25	15	15
Chinese languages	10	5	5	50	25	20	87,155	39,990	47,160	25	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	45	25	20	57,445	26,210	31,235	15	10	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	35	20	55	30	30	308,550	155,455	153,095	60	30	30
English and French	5	0	5	10	5	5	126,405	64,585	61,820	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	20	10	15	49,485	24,660	24,825	20	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	15	5	5	94,205	46,880	47,320	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	5	5	28,685	14,700	13,985	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	645	315	330	540	270	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	670	340	330
English	25	15	20	95	50	40	623,305	313,780	309,520	130	65	60
French	215	105	110	80	45	35	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	150	80	75
Non-official language	155	65	90	125	65	60	366,730	177,410	189,315	70	35	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	155	65	90	125	65	60	343,650	165,830	177,825	70	35	30
English and French	25	15	10	45	25	20	497,380	256,735	240,645	75	35	40
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	90	40	50	205,755	102,290	103,470	75	35	40
French and non-official language(s)	135	70	60	45	20	30	375,795	179,585	196,210	30	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	55	25	35	284,940	141,275	143,665	150	75	75
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	645	315	330	540	270	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	670	340	330
Single responses	580	275	305	480	245	235	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	585	300	280
Official languages	350	170	175	285	145	140	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	465	240	225
English	55	25	30	160	85	75	874,185	438,570	435,615	235	120	115
French	295	145	145	125	60	65	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	235	120	115
Non-official languages	230	100	130	195	100	95	662,615	322,860	339,750	120	65	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	230	100	130	195	100	95	628,365	305,820	322,555	120	65	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	40	45	15	5	5	116,685	59,645	57,040	20	5	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	40	45	15	5	5	104,890	53,505	51,380	20	5	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	85	40	45	15	5	5	102,120	52,125	49,990	20	5	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	10	10	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	15	20	10	5	10	26,985	11,815	15,170	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	10	5	10	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	5	5	5	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	40	55	80	40	35	336,635	164,100	172,535	70	35	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	50	30	20
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	39,725	18,855	20,870	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	30	15	15	39,575	18,795	20,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	30	15	15	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	5	5	15,235	7,015	8,220	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	74,455	38,045	36,410	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	5	5	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	28,020	13,810	14,210	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	26,205	12,850	13,355	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	5	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	35	50	30	15	15	182,585	88,060	94,525	10	5	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	30	5	25	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	5	5	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	5	5	5	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	60	30	30	20	15	10	112,915	55,870	57,050	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	50	25	25	67,120	31,725	35,390	20	15	10
Chinese languages	5	0	5	50	25	20	66,880	31,610	35,275	20	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	50	25	20	46,925	22,275	24,650	15	10	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	5	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	40	30	55	25	30	357,245	176,070	181,175	85	35	45
English and French	10	5	5	5	5	5	137,120	69,025	68,095	35	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	5	10	0	30	15	20	60,495	29,540	30,950	30	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	10	10	5	0	116,595	56,445	60,150	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	15	5	5	39,875	19,575	20,300	15	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	645	315	335	540	270	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	670	340	330
None	450	210	240	335	175	160	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	395	205	190
English	25	15	15	45	25	20	353,690	183,470	170,225	50	25	25
French	65	35	30	45	25	25	259,425	127,380	132,040	45	25	20
Non-official language	65	35	30	65	25	40	269,715	129,830	139,890	65	30	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	35	30	65	25	40	264,405	127,330	137,070	65	30	30
English and French	10	5	5	15	5	5	61,955	31,425	30,525	20	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	10	0	10	76,755	38,765	37,990	40	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	15	5	5	55,860	26,915	28,945	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	10	5	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	10	5	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	645	310	330	610	305	300	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	645	350	300
Official languages	615	300	315	590	300	295	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	640	340	295
English	325	175	155	475	255	225	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	615	340	275
French	590	285	305	465	240	230	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	590	320	270
Non-official languages	495	230	265	435	210	225	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	415	225	190
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	495	230	265	435	210	225	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	415	225	190
Afro-Asiatic languages	200	85	110	35	10	20	385,210	201,105	184,100	115	65	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	185	85	100	25	10	20	363,875	190,005	173,870	115	65	50
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	185	85	100	25	10	10	343,675	179,750	163,930	115	65	50
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	45	20	25	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	25	35	30	15	10	135,275	62,040	73,235	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	60	25	35	20	10	10	118,010	53,530	64,480	15	0	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	10	20	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	210	110	100	210	105	105	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	270	150	125
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	55	45	10
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	95,385	45,060	50,330	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	94,580	44,695	49,885	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	25	15	10	55,485	26,345	29,135	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	20	15	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	20	15	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	20	15	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	40	15	25
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	45	15	30	136,020	71,180	64,840	40	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30	90,745	48,355	42,395	35	20	15
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	45	15	30	35,765	19,145	16,620	35	20	15
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	105	100	110	60	50	684,830	324,095	360,735	135	60	75
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	130	60	65	15	0	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	95	40	55
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	95	45	50	90	50	40	453,905	210,400	243,505	40	20	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	30	10	15	75,835	37,990	37,845	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	85	50	40	107,415	49,840	57,575	30	15	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	80	50	30	106,915	49,630	57,285	30	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	80	50	30	80,520	37,100	43,420	30	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	645	315	335	610	310	295	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	650	350	300
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	645	315	335	600	310	295	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	650	350	300
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	645	315	335	610	310	295	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	650	350	300
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	645	315	335	610	310	295	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	650	350	300
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	260	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Owner	100	...	...	0	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	205	...	...
Renter	160	...	...	275	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	260	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	15	...	...	515,590	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	255	...	...	265	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	260	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	80	...	...	115	...	...	623,295	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	85	...	...	150	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	10	...	...
3 bedrooms	65	...	...	10	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	30	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	0	...	...	730,330	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	260	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	150	...	...	255	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	10	...	...	645,635	...	...	0	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	15	...	...	435,225	...	...	15	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	0	...	...	403,225	...	...	15	...	...
8 or more rooms	40	...	...	0	...	...	886,180	...	...	175	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.8	...	...	3.6	...	...	5.8	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	260	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
One person or fewer per room	245	...	...	265	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	210	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	20	...	...	48,315	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	260	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Suitable	225	...	...	220	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	210	...	...
Not suitable	35	...	...	60	...	...	142,775	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	260	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
1960 or before	105	...	...	170	...	...	879,375	...	...	10	...	...
1961 to 1980	105	...	...	75	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	25	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	20	...	...	509,120	...	...	85	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	15	...	...	385,315	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	55	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	15	...	...
2011 to 2015	10	...	...	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	15	...	...	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	260	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	245	...	...	255	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	195	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	25	...	...	236,110	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	260	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
One-maintainer household	170	...	...	155	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	75	...	...
Two-maintainer household	75	...	...	105	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	115	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	20	...	...	89,875	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	260	...	...	285	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	40	...	...	117,525	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	40	...	...	45	...	...	525,540	...	...	10	...	...
35 to 44 years	50	...	...	60	...	...	647,165	...	...	35	...	...
45 to 54 years	45	...	...	50	...	...	628,630	...	...	40	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	45	...	...	760,395	...	...	65	...	...
65 to 74 years	20	...	...	20	...	...	629,965	...	...	55	...	...
75 to 84 years	45	...	...	15	...	...	336,170	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	0	...	...	103,640	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	260	...	...	280	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	210	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	185	...	...	215	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	180	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	70	...	...	65	...	...	595,690	...	...	30	...	...
30% to less than 100%	60	...	...	60	...	...	542,060	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	260	...	...	280	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	135	...	...	901,440	...	...	40	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	65	...	...	50	...	...	537,090	...	...	25	...	...
Not suitable only	30	...	...	55	...	...	112,775	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	20	...	...	179,840	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	10	...	...	41,740	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	155	...	...	145	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	250	...	...	270	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	205	...	...
In core need	50	...	...	30	...	...	218,275	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	200	...	...	245	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	95	...	...	0	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	205	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.2	...	...	...	...	...	62.2	...	...	61.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	10.0	...	...	14.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	...	...	...	1,070	...	...	2,720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	...	...	...	1,195	...	...	2,740	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	...	...	...	300,000	...	...	1,200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	470,000	...	...	...	...	...	376,800	...	...	1,380,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	165	...	...	280	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.3	...	...	23.2	...	...	25.2	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.8	...	...	11.1	...	...	11.9	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	665	...	...	890	...	...	810	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	700	...	...	940	...	...	886	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	645	310	335	605	310	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	645	345	300
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	645	310	335	605	310	300	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	645	345	300
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	645	310	335	605	305	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	645	345	300
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	525	250	280	405	220	185	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	635	340	295
Canadian citizens aged under 18	135	65	70	80	30	50	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	145	75	65
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	395	185	210	325	195	135	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	485	255	230
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	115	60	55	205	90	115	518,265	264,490	253,775	15	15	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	645	310	335	605	305	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	645	345	300
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	325	175	150	220	115	105	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	430	220	215
Immigrants⁸¹	260	100	150	335	170	165	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	220	130	90
Before 1980	75	30	45	30	0	25	187,200	91,895	95,300	60	30	30
1980 to 1990	15	10	0	10	0	10	124,610	61,850	62,755	95	70	25
1991 to 2000	65	25	45	60	35	25	190,495	91,635	98,860	25	10	15
2001 to 2010	25	0	20	50	30	15	312,210	150,825	161,390	0	0	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	80	35	40	190	100	95	396,090	192,745	203,340	30	15	10
2011 to 2015	60	20	35	85	45	35	193,345	93,485	99,855	20	10	10
2016 to 2021	25	15	10	105	50	55	202,740	99,260	103,480	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	70	30	35	55	20	30	205,770	113,500	92,275	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	255	105	155	335	170	165	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	220	130	85
Under 5 years	10	0	0	15	0	15	112,295	56,755	55,540	15	15	0
5 to 14 years	35	10	25	60	40	15	201,385	101,555	99,835	55	35	20
15 to 24 years	50	0	45	55	20	40	213,035	96,175	116,860	50	30	25
25 to 44 years	125	70	55	195	100	100	594,845	292,975	301,875	85	50	35
45 years and over	35	15	20	10	10	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	10	0	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	255	105	155	335	170	165	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	220	130	85
Americas	80	40	40	80	50	35	264,885	121,740	143,145	15	0	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	50	25	30	20	0	15	86,105	38,285	47,820	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	35	20	15	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	10	10	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	0	0	0
Europe	55	25	30	65	40	30	309,015	154,110	154,910	45	20	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	15	10	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	50	20	30	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	25	10	15
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	15	10	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	35	15	25	55	25	30	302,010	153,655	148,355	30	15	15
Algeria	25	10	20	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	20	10	15
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	50	25	30	118,820	60,455	58,360	0	0	0
Asia	80	25	60	130	65	65	332,925	158,445	174,475	130	85	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	70	20	50	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	40	25	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	20	15	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	55	30	25	52,500	23,010	29,490	20	15	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	45	20	25	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10	0	10	24,990	12,770	12,225	15	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	10	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	20	15	0	100	50	55	202,740	99,265	103,480	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	15	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	25	10	10	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	70	35	40	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	30	15	10	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	15	0	10	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	645	315	330	610	305	300	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	645	350	300
First generation¹⁰⁰	340	150	195	400	195	205	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	215	125	90
Second generation¹⁰¹	190	105	85	125	60	60	883,485	446,000	437,490	285	155	125
Third generation or more¹⁰²	115	55	60	85	55	30	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	145	60	80
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	185	80	105	305	165	135	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	155	95	60
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	55	25	30	175	100	80	559,935	290,040	269,895	90	60	30
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	20	0	80	45	35	267,870	161,125	106,740	45	30	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	35	10	30	100	55	45	292,070	128,915	163,155	40	30	15
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	60	25	30	70	35	35	272,255	109,735	162,515	50	30	20
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	25	35	60	35	25	175,740	89,995	85,740	15	0	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	185	80	105	305	165	135	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	155	95	60
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	55	25	30	45	35	15	89,850	47,360	42,495	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	10	15	0	15	94,185	46,445	47,740	25	10	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	15	10	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	10	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	115	45	70	235	125	115	756,120	358,700	397,420	105	65	35
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	645	315	335	610	310	295	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	650	350	300
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	355	175	180	370	180	190	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	200	110	90
South Asian	0	0	0	35	15	20	127,990	67,140	60,850	35	20	15
Chinese	0	0	0	85	55	30	115,240	51,375	63,865	25	15	10
Black	130	55	75	95	45	50	422,405	206,335	216,070	15	0	10
Filipino	0	0	0	50	20	30	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	140	75	65	25	10	10	280,075	146,990	133,085	70	50	20
Latin American	70	35	30	45	25	15	172,925	85,035	87,880	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	30	10	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	290	135	155	240	130	115	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	450	235	210
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	645	310	335	610	305	300	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	645	350	300
Canadian	30	20	15	25	15	0	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	45	15	30
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,710	88,910	88,800	35	10	25
Irish	0	0	0	15	0	15	404,190	193,440	210,745	0	0	0
Scottish	0	0	0	10	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	10	0	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30	20	15	65	40	25	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	55	25	35
German	0	0	0	10	0	10	124,305	60,295	64,010	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	80	50	30	123,985	55,730	68,255	30	15	10
Italian	125	70	55	0	0	0	316,315	157,600	158,720	150	70	75
Indian (India)	0	0	0	15	10	10	65,790	34,390	31,405	40	15	25
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	10	10	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	10	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	0	0	0
Québécois	10	10	0	20	20	0	931,940	465,630	466,305	25	10	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	50	20	30	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	20	10	10	588,805	290,630	298,180	15	10	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	25	10	10	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	20	0	10	47,195	21,990	25,200	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0
American	15	0	10	15	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	0	10	77,735	37,960	39,775	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	25	20	10	57,320	29,015	28,305	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	20	45	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	35	20	10
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	45	25	25
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0
Lebanese	80	35	45	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	105	70	35
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	90	50	40	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	35	20	15	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	60	30	30
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	25	10	15	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	10	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	35	15	15
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	45	30	15	15	0	10	65,860	33,955	31,905	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	80	55	25
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	15	10	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	10	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	645	315	335	610	310	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	650	345	300
Buddhist	0	0	0	15	0	15	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	325	165	165	245	120	125	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	500	265	230
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	35	15	20	30	15	15	464,020	229,155	234,860	55	40	15
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0
Catholic	250	135	110	160	75	85	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	295	145	155
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	25	15	10	145,805	70,840	74,965	130	75	50
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	10	0	10	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	0	10	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	15	10	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	0	0	0
Muslim	205	80	125	70	25	45	421,710	218,255	203,455	40	30	10
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	110	65	45	235	145	90	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	75	30	45
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	640	310	335	600	300	295	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	645	345	295
Non-movers	600	280	325	450	235	215	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	630	340	290
Movers	40	25	10	150	70	75	945,290	466,750	478,540	15	10	10
Non-migrants	20	15	10	130	55	70	543,670	268,740	274,925	15	10	10
Migrants	15	15	0	20	20	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0
External migrants	15	15	0	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	610	295	315	575	300	275	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	630	345	290
Non-movers	390	185	205	255	135	125	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	405	235	175
Movers	220	110	110	315	165	150	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	220	110	110
Non-migrants	110	45	65	125	70	60	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	185	100	85
Migrants	110	60	45	195	100	100	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	35	10	25
Internal migrants	30	25	10	65	35	30	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	35	10	25
Intraprovincial migrants	25	15	0	60	35	25	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	25	10	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	10	0	10
External migrants	75	40	40	135	65	70	320,090	166,115	153,975	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	495	250	250	535	280	255	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	525	275	245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	175	75	105	90	50	35	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	35	15	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	325	175	150	450	230	220	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	495	265	225
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	305	150	155	355	210	145	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	330	155	175
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	25	35	35	20	15	642,800	382,415	260,380	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	240	130	110	315	185	130	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	320	150	170
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	500	245	250	535	280	255	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	525	280	250
No certificate, diploma or degree	150	70	85	60	30	25	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	35	15	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	65	45	90	60	30	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	70	40	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	240	120	120	385	190	200	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	425	225	200
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130	70	60	195	85	105	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	135	70	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	70	40	30	70	30	35	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	15	0	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	25	20	50	25	25	793,030	427,220	365,815	15	0	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	30	15	10	20	0	10	303,330	239,705	63,620	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	25	20	90	45	45	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	80	45	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	35	10	30	252,815	102,150	150,665	40	30	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	110	55	60	195	95	95	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	295	155	135
Bachelor's degree	65	20	45	140	60	80	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	145	75	70
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	25	15	10	10	0	0	149,425	66,595	82,825	30	20	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	30	10	20
Master's degree	20	15	0	30	20	10	360,795	174,150	186,645	65	35	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	15	10	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	20	15	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	305	155	150	350	210	145	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	330	155	175
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	20	20	10	0	0	525,155	303,815	221,345	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	40	20	70	55	20	752,855	388,160	364,700	15	10	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	200	95	105	270	150	125	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	315	145	170
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	55	50	125	65	65	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	90	40	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65	35	30	65	30	35	836,455	498,385	338,075	10	0	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	15	20	50	20	30	609,895	319,470	290,425	10	0	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	15	10	15	10	10	226,565	178,915	47,650	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35	20	15	30	30	10	838,140	372,455	465,685	50	15	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	30	0	25	174,695	72,115	102,580	35	20	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	90	40	50	150	90	60	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	220	105	115
Bachelor's degree	55	10	40	90	50	40	802,755	343,100	459,650	110	50	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	0	10	0	0	119,460	50,155	69,310	15	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	25	10	15
Master's degree	15	15	0	35	25	10	302,065	140,530	161,530	55	25	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	10	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	10	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	500	250	245	530	280	250	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	530	280	250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	260	125	125	150	95	55	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	100	50	50
Education	20	0	20	20	0	15	292,470	65,830	226,640	10	0	10
13. Education	20	0	20	20	0	15	292,470	65,830	226,640	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	50	15	30	166,900	75,420	91,480	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	45	10	30	143,365	58,875	84,490	10	0	10
Humanities	0	0	0	30	25	10	228,770	90,810	137,960	20	10	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	10	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	10	10	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	25	40	15	20	430,845	142,280	288,570	65	35	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	15	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	10	65,230	15,095	50,135	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	10	0	0	134,510	67,065	67,440	20	15	10
Business, management and public administration	60	30	35	65	25	40	950,820	357,290	593,535	140	80	60
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	30	35	65	25	40	894,690	344,770	549,925	130	70	60
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	25	15	10	158,655	83,605	75,050	30	20	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	57,680	23,925	33,755	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	25	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	15	15	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	25	15	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	25	0	65	40	25	866,885	778,835	88,060	60	55	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	30	10	20	181,290	147,120	34,170	45	40	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	15	10	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15	15	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	10	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	10	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	60	25	35	50	15	40	515,215	101,455	413,760	50	10	40
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	45	15	30	50	15	40	470,150	78,875	391,275	50	10	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	15	0	10	10	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	15	0	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	10	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	15	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	305	155	150	355	210	145	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	330	155	175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	105	60	45	80	55	25	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	15	10	10
Education	10	0	10	15	0	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0
13. Education	10	0	10	15	0	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	30	10	20	129,065	58,170	70,895	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	25	0	20	110,860	45,555	65,305	10	0	10
Humanities	0	0	0	20	20	0	144,140	56,410	87,730	15	0	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	10	10	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	10	20	20	15	10	334,475	103,635	230,840	35	15	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	15	10	10
Business, management and public administration	50	20	30	45	25	25	741,390	268,705	472,685	115	55	60
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	20	30	45	25	25	697,775	259,725	438,045	105	55	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	10	0	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	20	10	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	15	15	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	15	0	60	35	25	665,365	588,950	76,415	55	50	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	25	15	15	152,450	121,715	30,735	45	35	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	15	10	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15	15	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	50	15	35	40	10	30	387,725	74,730	312,995	40	10	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	45	10	35	40	10	30	352,905	58,735	294,170	40	10	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	15	0	10	10	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	10	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	305	155	150	355	210	145	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	330	155	175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	105	60	45	80	55	25	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	15	10	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	200	95	105	275	155	120	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	310	145	165
Location of study inside Canada	145	60	85	135	85	45	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	255	115	140
Same as province or territory of residence	140	60	75	135	85	45	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	245	110	140
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	10	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	55	35	20	135	65	70	414,490	209,160	205,330	60	30	25
Americas	10	0	10	15	0	15	81,780	40,955	40,820	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	10	0	10	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	40	20	15	138,260	74,045	64,210	20	10	10
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	10	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	15	10	10	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	10	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	25	15	10	15	10	10	95,260	49,800	45,460	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	20	15	0	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	10	10	0	65	30	30	96,865	43,055	53,805	25	15	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	35	15	20	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	20	10	10	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	500	245	250	535	280	255	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	525	280	250
In the labour force	295	165	135	360	190	170	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	390	220	170
Employed	270	140	130	295	165	130	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	370	200	170
Unemployed	20	15	0	65	25	35	335,015	176,245	158,775	25	25	0
Not in the labour force	200	90	120	175	90	85	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	135	60	80
Participation rate	59.0	67.3	54.0	67.3	67.9	66.7	64.1	67.4	60.9	74.3	78.6	68.0
Employment rate	54.0	57.1	52.0	55.1	58.9	51.0	59.3	62.3	56.3	70.5	71.4	68.0
Unemployment rate	6.8	9.1	0.0	18.1	13.2	20.6	7.6	7.7	7.4	6.4	11.4	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	500	250	245	530	280	255	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	530	280	250
Did not work¹⁸⁶	225	105	120	185	95	95	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	115	40	75
Worked	270	145	130	350	190	165	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	410	240	175
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	155	80	70	150	105	50	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	210	120	85
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	115	60	55	200	85	110	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	205	115	85
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.4	43.6	43.2	37.6	38.2	37.0	41.3	41.7	40.8	39.7	37.0	43.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	290	160	135	360	185	170	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	395	220	170
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	280	155	130	350	190	160	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	395	220	170
Employee	255	130	125	320	165	155	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	265	130	135
Permanent position	200	100	100	250	150	95	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	250	120	130
Temporary position	55	30	25	75	15	60	623,510	296,655	326,850	15	10	0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	10	10	20	0	20	217,905	94,210	123,700	10	10	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	20	10	50	15	35	405,605	202,450	203,155	10	0	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	25	20	0	25	20	0	530,720	324,555	206,165	125	90	40
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	290	160	135	360	185	170	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	395	220	170
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	280	155	130	350	190	160	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	395	220	170
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	50	40	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	45	20	25	60	35	30	778,905	256,150	522,760	75	25	50
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	40	40	0	360,495	272,510	87,985	45	30	20
3 Health occupations	35	15	25	20	0	20	359,665	70,075	289,590	50	10	40
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	20	0	20	50	15	35	558,725	166,020	392,700	50	35	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	20	10	15	146,560	72,400	74,165	10	0	10
6 Sales and service occupations	80	40	40	115	60	50	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	95	65	35
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	60	55	10	30	20	15	702,290	645,355	56,935	10	10	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20	15	0	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	10	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	290	160	135	360	185	170	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	395	220	170
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	15	0	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	280	155	130	350	190	160	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	395	220	170
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	0	10	20	10	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	20	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	15	15	0	35	35	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	20	20	0
41 Wholesale trade	25	15	10	0	0	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	55	25	30
44-45 Retail trade	30	20	15	45	15	30	514,090	248,905	265,185	40	15	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35	20	15	15	10	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	10	0	0	94,130	57,495	36,630	10	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	20	0	15	0	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	20	15	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	40	20	20
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	0	0	40	15	25	345,345	193,365	151,985	75	50	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	10	10	30	25	10	171,345	104,695	66,645	0	0	0
61 Educational services	20	15	10	45	20	30	340,885	104,300	236,590	10	10	0
62 Health care and social assistance	30	10	25	30	0	25	617,200	122,675	494,525	40	15	25
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	20	10	0	50	30	20	232,480	109,950	122,530	15	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	10	10	20	15	0	190,470	89,730	100,735	0	0	0
91 Public administration	10	0	10	0	0	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	30	25	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	310	160	145	400	215	185	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	415	240	180
English	30	10	15	125	70	55	350,525	195,385	155,145	35	15	20
French	150	75	75	65	35	25	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	105	65	40
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	130	70	55	165	90	70	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	240	125	115
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	0	10	25,875	13,895	11,980	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	30	15	15	52,970	26,700	26,265	25	25	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	310	160	145	400	215	185	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	415	240	180
Single responses	285	140	145	310	165	145	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	305	160	145
Official languages	280	140	135	305	165	140	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	300	155	145
English	55	30	25	175	95	75	668,485	365,785	302,695	120	60	60
French	230	120	110	130	70	65	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	185	100	80
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	25	0	85	45	40	269,365	142,370	126,995	120	80	35
English and French	30	25	0	75	45	35	249,945	132,640	117,300	100	60	35
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	310	160	145	400	215	185	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	415	240	180
None	200	105	95	260	135	120	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	245	150	90
English	80	45	35	65	30	25	720,960	391,075	329,885	80	35	45
French	25	10	15	45	20	20	302,145	161,340	140,805	80	40	35
Non-official language	0	0	0	25	20	10	32,245	16,505	15,745	10	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	25	20	10	29,220	15,155	14,065	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	275	145	125	295	165	130	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	365	200	175
Worked at home	65	25	40	70	45	25	897,770	435,285	462,480	135	60	70
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	65	50	15	20	15	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	10	0	0
Usual place of work	140	65	75	205	105	100	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	225	125	100
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	140	65	75	205	105	100	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	225	125	100
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	120	55	70	140	85	55	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	175	95	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	50	20	25	419,210	203,335	215,875	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	10	0	10	0	10	823,150	442,385	380,765	40	25	15
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	205	115	90	225	120	105	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	235	135	100
Car, truck or van	125	95	35	100	70	25	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	220	125	95
Car, truck or van - as a driver	115	85	30	90	65	25	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	220	125	90
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	0	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	0	0	0
Public transit	80	25	55	95	35	60	287,345	120,460	166,885	0	0	0
Walked	0	0	0	30	10	10	178,645	78,570	100,075	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	205	115	90	225	120	105	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	235	135	100
Less than 15 minutes	10	0	10	35	30	10	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	40	20	15
15 to 29 minutes	65	40	25	90	35	50	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	95	50	40
30 to 44 minutes	55	30	25	55	35	20	635,870	363,430	272,445	80	45	40
45 to 59 minutes	50	35	15	0	0	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	15	15	0
60 minutes and over	30	0	20	30	10	20	206,480	126,635	79,840	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	205	115	90	225	120	105	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	235	135	100
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	20	15	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	35	15	20	20	10	0	569,745	368,480	201,265	20	10	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	65	35	30	60	25	35	935,640	441,465	494,170	55	45	10
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	45	30	15	40	20	20	626,895	259,220	367,675	75	35	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25	15	10	25	20	0	330,930	142,495	188,435	60	25	35
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25	15	10	60	30	30	489,685	284,160	205,530	20	10	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	155	75	85	90	40	50	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	170	95	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	15	20	5	10	303,835	156,030	147,805	70	50	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	125	55	70	70	30	40	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	95	50	45
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	105	45	60	60	30	30	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	135	75	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	10	10	15	10	10	230,080	118,075	112,005	65	45	20
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	10	5	15	10	10	175,305	90,000	85,305	45	35	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	0	0	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	20	15	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	35	50	45	20	20	992,895	508,315	484,580	70	30	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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