Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662686More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24661116More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24662226More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	732	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	573	...	...	613	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	290	...	...	976,966	...	...	252	...	...	223	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	269	...	...	910,359	...	...	240	...	...	222	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12,978.7	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	17,576.7	...	...	3,006.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.06	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.03	...	...	0.20	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	730	365	365	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	575	280	295	615	310	310
0 to 14 years	160	70	90	309,765	158,545	151,225	100	50	50	100	50	50
0 to 4 years	45	20	20	99,195	50,760	48,435	25	15	10	30	15	15
5 to 9 years	55	25	30	106,985	54,660	52,320	30	15	15	30	15	15
10 to 14 years	65	25	35	103,590	53,120	50,470	45	20	25	40	20	20
15 to 64 years	500	260	240	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	430	205	220	395	195	200
15 to 19 years	60	25	30	97,525	49,340	48,180	50	20	25	40	20	20
20 to 24 years	60	30	30	140,025	70,895	69,125	50	30	20	35	20	15
25 to 29 years	40	25	20	165,525	83,630	81,895	75	35	35	15	10	10
30 to 34 years	40	15	20	157,725	78,995	78,730	45	25	20	30	10	20
35 to 39 years	55	20	35	149,265	74,115	75,155	35	15	20	25	10	15
40 to 44 years	45	25	15	142,365	70,920	71,445	45	20	25	55	25	30
45 to 49 years	65	30	35	125,505	62,690	62,815	35	15	20	45	25	25
50 to 54 years	60	35	25	121,710	61,735	59,975	40	15	25	45	25	20
55 to 59 years	40	20	15	125,465	63,810	61,655	35	15	15	55	30	25
60 to 64 years	35	20	15	118,065	57,920	60,140	30	15	15	50	20	30
65 years and over	75	35	35	351,325	151,210	200,120	45	20	25	110	60	55
65 to 69 years	25	20	5	99,325	46,730	52,595	15	5	10	45	30	15
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	86,030	39,185	46,845	15	10	10	30	20	15
75 to 79 years	10	5	10	63,215	27,320	35,895	5	0	0	15	5	15
80 to 84 years	15	5	10	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	5	5	15	5	10
85 years and over	5	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	5	5	0	0
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	0	5	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.9	19.2	24.7	15.5	16.1	14.8	17.4	17.9	16.9	16.3	16.1	16.1
15 to 64 years	68.5	71.2	65.8	67.0	68.5	65.6	74.8	73.2	74.6	64.2	62.9	64.5
65 years and over	10.3	9.6	9.6	17.5	15.4	19.6	7.8	7.1	8.5	17.9	19.4	17.7
85 years and over	0.7	0.0	1.4	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.9	0.0	1.7	0.8	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	35.6	36.5	34.7	41.0	39.8	42.1	34.9	34.2	35.6	42.5	42.0	42.8
Median age of the population	35.6	37.2	33.2	39.6	38.4	40.4	31.6	30.2	33.6	45.2	45.2	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	240	...	...	225	...	...
Single-detached house	25	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...	220	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	85	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	200	...	...	479,885	...	...	150	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	270	...	...	910,355	...	...	240	...	...	225	...	...
1 person	80	...	...	367,400	...	...	80	...	...	25	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	271,730	...	...	80	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	118,205	...	...	35	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	98,205	...	...	20	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	45	...	...	54,820	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	730	365	365	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	575	280	290	615	305	310
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	570	300	275	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	470	230	240	510	255	255
Married or living common-law	285	145	140	822,440	414,330	408,115	185	95	85	360	180	180
Married	235	120	115	577,060	289,455	287,600	120	60	60	245	125	120
Living common-law	50	25	25	245,385	124,870	120,510	60	30	30	115	55	55
Living common law - Never married	35	20	20	207,040	104,785	102,250	60	30	30	100	45	50
Living common law - Separated	5	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	0	0	0	15	10	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	290	155	135	872,060	410,935	461,125	290	135	150	155	75	75
Not married and not living common law - Never married	220	125	95	627,845	333,150	294,700	230	125	105	115	65	55
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	5	10	34,795	14,820	19,975	15	0	10	0	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	15	20	126,605	46,380	80,225	35	5	35	15	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	5	15	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	5	5	20	5	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	175	...	...	495,445	...	...	135	...	...	195	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	251,075	...	...	65	...	...	90	...	...
3 persons	45	...	...	107,265	...	...	30	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	93,300	...	...	20	...	...	45	...	...
5 or more persons	40	...	...	43,810	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	3.5	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.1	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	175	...	...	495,445	...	...	140	...	...	190	...	...
Total couple families	135	...	...	395,645	...	...	85	...	...	180	...	...
Married couples	115	...	...	273,070	...	...	60	...	...	120	...	...
With children⁶	85	...	...	162,745	...	...	40	...	...	70	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	110,325	...	...	20	...	...	55	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	122,570	...	...	30	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	44,875	...	...	5	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	77,700	...	...	20	...	...	30	...	...
Total one-parent families	40	...	...	99,805	...	...	50	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	30	...	...	80,530	...	...	45	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	730	365	365	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	575	285	290	610	305	310
Total - Persons in census families	605	285	315	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	425	190	235	570	290	285
Married spouses or common-law partners	275	140	140	791,280	398,495	392,785	170	90	85	360	180	180
Parents in one-parent families	40	5	35	99,805	19,275	80,525	50	0	50	15	5	10
Children⁶	295	145	150	541,905	284,935	256,965	200	100	100	200	100	95
In a two-parent family	240	120	120	392,250	205,155	187,095	105	50	50	180	90	90
In a one-parent family	55	30	30	149,655	79,785	69,865	95	45	55	20	10	5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	125	80	45	526,370	262,915	263,450	150	95	55	45	20	25
Living alone	80	50	30	367,395	175,660	191,740	80	45	35	30	10	15
Living with other relatives⁷	20	10	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	20	5	15	0	0	0
Living with non-relatives only	25	15	10	109,690	65,235	44,455	50	35	15	10	10	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	240	...	...	220	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	160	...	...	455,970	...	...	120	...	...	185	...	...
Couple-family households	130	...	...	370,250	...	...	80	...	...	170	...	...
With children⁶	95	...	...	194,165	...	...	45	...	...	95	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	176,085	...	...	35	...	...	75	...	...
One-parent-family households	35	...	...	85,720	...	...	35	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	13,270	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	55,210	...	...	30	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	85	...	...	367,395	...	...	80	...	...	30	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	575	295	275	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	475	230	245	510	260	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	535	275	260	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	445	215	230	505	250	255
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	33,600	28,600	37,600	39,600	36,000	28,000	29,600	27,200	55,600	55,600	55,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	535	275	260	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	445	215	230	505	250	255
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	29,600	27,200	34,000	35,200	32,800	26,400	27,400	26,000	46,400	46,400	46,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	245	205	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	355	185	175	485	240	245
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	20,200	24,600	16,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	20,000	23,200	15,300	48,400	49,600	46,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	370	210	160	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	315	165	150	395	200	195
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	22,600	26,600	19,200	32,800	36,000	29,600	21,000	24,000	18,400	52,400	54,000	51,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	485	245	240	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	390	185	205	360	160	200
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,500	14,300	10,800	9,600	12,000	10,000	8,500	11,600	9,900	10,800	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70	30	40	171,705	84,570	87,145	55	30	25	35	15	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	6,000	5,400	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,520	5,480	5,800	6,400	x	8,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	255	140	120	529,640	276,110	253,530	180	90	90	110	65	50
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	10,000	9,400	6,500	6,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	650	320	335	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	440	230	215	485	230	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	600	290	315	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	415	210	205	480	230	250
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	39,200	33,600	53,250	60,050	46,760	33,000	31,400	34,400	70,800	72,500	69,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	600	290	315	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	415	210	205	480	230	250
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,900	33,600	30,400	42,520	46,280	38,960	29,300	27,800	31,000	55,200	55,200	55,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	505	250	250	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	335	175	160	470	225	245
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	35,600	25,000	48,960	57,350	40,640	26,600	25,400	27,600	64,400	67,000	62,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	420	225	195	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	300	160	140	365	175	190
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,600	37,600	27,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	26,400	26,400	26,400	68,000	73,500	62,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	530	245	285	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	380	190	190	340	130	210
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,400	10,100	14,400	12,040	10,900	13,040	12,800	10,900	14,800	11,640	11,600	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65	0	45	171,360	84,435	86,925	55	40	15	45	0	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,200	...	4,600	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,400	4,400	12,000	12,000	...	14,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	295	145	150	528,305	276,300	252,005	190	105	85	105	45	65
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,500	8,800	9,110	9,140	9,070	10,700	10,800	10,400	7,900	7,800	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	650	320	335	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	440	230	215	485	230	255
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	145	85	65	514,340	278,505	235,830	95	50	45	210	105	100
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	66,000	38,800	60,000	63,600	56,000	44,800	55,600	40,800	87,000	94,000	83,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,000	67,000	42,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	47,000	54,000	42,000	93,000	100,000	86,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	235	105	130	504,455	247,565	256,895	140	70	70	140	55	80
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,900	12,000	16,400	16,400	17,400	15,500	10,900	8,200	14,400	15,800	12,700	24,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	21,200	18,800	26,920	29,400	24,520	20,800	18,000	24,000	40,000	37,000	42,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.0	78.0	61.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	64.5	68.0	62.0	88.0	90.0	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.2	74.0	51.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	57.0	64.0	52.0	73.0	77.0	69.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.2	21.6	39.5	18.9	14.4	24.4	35.6	32.5	38.5	11.6	9.2	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	x	2.0	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.6	2.8	2.5	1.7	x	2.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	12.3	10.4	14.2	6.4	5.9	7.0	16.0	18.8	13.6	2.8	2.4	3.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	11.0	9.6	12.8	5.7	5.4	6.0	14.8	17.5	12.4	2.5	2.2	2.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	570	300	275	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	470	230	240	510	255	255
Without total income	35	20	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	25	15	15	5	5	0
With total income	535	275	260	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	440	215	230	500	255	250
Under $10,000 (including loss)	65	20	45	138,250	65,670	72,580	60	30	25	45	30	15
$10,000 to $19,999	70	35	30	200,450	93,060	107,390	85	35	50	55	25	30
$20,000 to $29,999	130	70	65	286,825	131,235	155,595	95	45	45	45	20	20
$30,000 to $39,999	90	45	45	215,455	102,705	112,755	60	40	20	45	25	25
$40,000 to $49,999	65	30	35	181,505	86,460	95,040	45	20	25	45	25	25
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	20	138,185	64,805	73,380	15	5	15	40	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	100,060	48,510	51,550	15	5	10	35	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	74,165	37,625	36,540	25	10	10	25	5	20
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	0	58,400	30,060	28,335	15	5	10	35	20	20
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	10	0	10	30	15	15
$100,000 and over	10	10	0	149,555	92,680	56,875	20	10	10	95	55	45
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	0	90,980	53,275	37,705	15	10	10	65	30	30
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0	35	30	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	570	300	275	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	470	230	240	510	255	255
Without after-tax income	35	20	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	25	15	15	5	5	0
With after-tax income	535	275	260	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	440	215	230	500	255	250
Under $10,000 (including loss)	65	20	45	144,275	67,955	76,320	60	30	25	45	25	15
$10,000 to $19,999	75	40	35	210,975	98,495	112,480	90	35	55	60	25	30
$20,000 to $29,999	145	75	65	334,395	155,845	178,545	105	50	50	50	25	25
$30,000 to $39,999	95	55	45	257,145	124,835	132,315	65	40	30	60	30	35
$40,000 to $49,999	75	40	35	204,980	97,805	107,175	40	15	20	60	30	30
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	20	139,760	67,315	72,450	35	20	15	45	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	5	93,705	46,700	47,005	20	10	10	45	20	25
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	0	61,765	31,815	29,945	15	10	10	35	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	10	0	10	30	15	15
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	5	0	0	20	5	15
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	0	0	0	50	35	20
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0	20	15	5
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0	30	15	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	570	300	275	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	470	230	240	510	255	255
Without employment income	200	85	115	495,060	212,405	282,660	165	70	95	115	55	60
With employment income	375	215	165	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	310	160	145	395	200	190
Under $5,000 (including loss)	60	30	30	167,560	82,405	85,155	50	20	30	50	35	20
$5,000 to $9,999	40	25	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	50	30	20	40	20	15
$10,000 to $19,999	70	35	35	151,350	72,815	78,530	50	20	25	40	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	60	35	30	116,030	56,295	59,730	35	20	20	20	10	10
$30,000 to $39,999	45	20	20	108,120	55,225	52,890	20	15	10	25	5	15
$40,000 to $49,999	35	20	15	104,250	51,950	52,300	15	10	5	20	5	15
$50,000 to $59,999	20	15	5	84,485	42,940	41,540	10	5	5	25	10	15
$60,000 to $69,999	15	15	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	15	10	5	15	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	0	52,585	28,500	24,080	20	10	10	25	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	46,000	24,150	21,850	15	5	10	40	15	20
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	5	0	5	20	15	10
$100,000 and over	10	10	0	115,575	74,545	41,030	20	10	10	80	45	30
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	10	5	10	25	15	15
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	5	5	0	50	35	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	575	295	275	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	475	230	245	510	260	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	510	265	245	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	410	205	205	490	245	245
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,600	28,400	23,200	34,000	36,400	31,800	24,800	25,400	24,600	57,600	60,800	56,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	510	265	245	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	410	205	205	490	245	245
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,400	26,600	23,200	31,000	32,800	29,400	24,200	24,400	24,200	48,800	49,600	47,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	420	240	185	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	320	165	155	470	235	240
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,400	26,400	17,600	32,000	36,000	28,200	24,800	26,800	20,200	52,000	56,800	46,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	355	205	150	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	285	150	135	380	190	185
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,400	28,400	20,800	33,600	36,800	30,400	25,200	26,600	21,800	56,800	60,800	55,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	450	225	225	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	340	170	175	315	135	180
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	3,120	9,700	4,440	2,760	7,300	3,400	1,560	9,300	6,500	5,680	6,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	50	35	15	114,940	56,080	58,855	30	15	15	35	20	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,440	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,080	x	x	6,360	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	650	320	335	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	440	230	215	485	230	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	585	280	305	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	395	200	195	475	225	250
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,200	35,200	29,600	50,000	57,050	43,280	28,800	27,200	30,600	69,200	75,500	63,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	585	280	305	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	395	200	195	475	225	250
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	29,600	27,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	25,700	23,800	27,600	53,000	55,600	50,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	485	230	245	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	315	155	150	460	220	240
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,100	36,800	25,600	49,080	57,750	40,560	28,000	28,800	27,200	65,200	72,500	58,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	195	195	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	290	150	140	360	180	180
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,600	41,600	27,600	48,720	55,750	41,240	26,200	28,400	24,000	68,400	72,500	64,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	485	220	265	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	345	170	170	300	120	185
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,960	5,720	9,800	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,960	6,040	9,900	9,500	8,600	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40	15	15	114,595	55,675	58,915	45	25	0	55	30	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	8,000	4,500	7,510	5,990	8,940	9,600	11,000	...	11,200	3,800	18,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	650	320	335	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	440	230	215	485	230	255
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	145	85	65	507,645	274,575	233,070	85	50	35	200	105	95
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	58,800	35,600	54,400	58,400	50,400	43,200	41,600	43,200	86,000	90,000	82,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,000	60,000	44,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	42,000	44,000	38,000	89,000	98,000	79,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	205	80	125	462,020	227,495	234,530	135	60	75	120	55	70
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	28,800	12,700	21,800	23,200	20,400	16,800	17,600	16,000	49,600	19,000	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	32,000	18,800	32,320	35,520	29,240	22,400	25,000	21,000	51,000	46,000	54,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.5	88.0	71.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	76.0	80.0	72.0	91.0	94.0	88.0
Employment income (%)	72.0	82.0	61.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	66.0	76.0	56.0	75.0	78.0	72.0
Government transfers (%)	20.4	12.8	28.8	12.8	8.6	18.2	24.0	18.8	28.8	8.6	6.0	11.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.2	0.8	1.1	0.8	1.6	3.6	6.0	x	1.8	0.6	3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	270	...	...	910,355	...	...	240	...	...	225	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	66,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	58,000	...	...	54,800	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	85	...	...	367,395	...	...	80	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	36,400	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	31,600	...	...	56,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	190	...	...	542,960	...	...	160	...	...	195	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	65,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	80,000	...	...	60,800	...	...	117,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	215	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	92,700	...	...	59,200	...	...	155,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	74,100	...	...	52,800	...	...	121,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	367,255	...	...	90	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	40,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	34,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	210	...	...	543,100	...	...	140	...	...	190	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	71,000	...	...	170,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	64,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	270	...	...	910,355	...	...	240	...	...	225	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	25,730	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	57,720	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	41,545	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	42,630	...	...	20	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	75,485	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	67,695	...	...	20	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	60,495	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	270,265	...	...	45	...	...	145	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	85,635	...	...	15	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	56,205	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	62,095	...	...	15	...	...	40	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	66,335	...	...	5	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	270	...	...	910,355	...	...	240	...	...	225	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	27,485	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	63,030	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	48,815	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	50,890	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	85,490	...	...	35	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	75,625	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	65,530	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	45,065	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	197,490	...	...	30	...	...	125	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	78,870	...	...	20	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	45,905	...	...	10	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	5	...	...	65	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	175	...	...	501,830	...	...	135	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	94,000	...	...	65,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	60,800	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	179,195	...	...	35	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	88,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	75,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	100	...	...	208,260	...	...	50	...	...	95	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	186,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	74,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	95,875	...	...	45	...	...	10	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	65,500	...	...	52,800	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	59,600	...	...	52,800	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.2	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	105	70	40	477,085	240,895	236,195	130	90	45	40	20	20
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	31,000	32,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	31,000	31,600	29,600	51,600	x	48,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	29,200	30,200	31,200	31,200	31,200	28,800	28,600	28,800	42,000	x	41,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	195	...	...	501,905	...	...	130	...	...	185	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	170,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	66,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	179,455	...	...	20	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	95,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	105	...	...	208,375	...	...	55	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	80,000	...	...	184,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	72,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	95,455	...	...	45	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	54,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	50,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	115	70	45	476,520	240,280	236,245	125	80	50	45	20	25
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,500	33,000	44,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	34,500	32,000	38,000	58,000	48,000	64,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,000	29,000	38,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	30,400	29,000	33,000	52,000	44,000	60,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	730	370	365	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	575	280	295	615	310	305
0 to 17 years	200	90	110	365,020	186,710	178,315	130	65	60	130	65	65
0 to 5 years	55	25	25	120,615	61,615	58,995	30	20	10	35	20	20
18 to 64 years	460	245	220	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	400	200	205	375	185	190
65 years and over	75	35	35	317,425	140,270	177,155	45	20	25	110	60	55
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	135	65	65	321,885	154,370	167,510	175	85	95	15	10	5
0 to 17 years	30	15	15	54,265	27,870	26,395	55	30	25	5	5	0
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	10	10	5	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	85	45	35	197,020	99,310	97,710	105	40	60	10	5	5
65 years and over	15	5	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	10	10	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.0	18.0	18.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	30.4	29.6	31.2	2.8	3.2	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	15.0	16.0	14.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	42.0	44.0	40.0	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	20.0	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	36.0	40.0	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	18.4	19.5	17.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	25.6	22.0	28.0	2.5	2.0	2.5
65 years and over (%)	24.0	12.0	36.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	40.0	45.0	30.0	4.0	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	730	365	365	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	575	285	290	610	305	305
0 to 17 years	200	90	110	365,025	186,705	178,315	125	65	65	125	65	65
0 to 5 years	55	25	25	120,610	61,615	58,995	30	20	15	35	15	15
18 to 64 years	460	240	220	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	405	195	205	375	185	190
65 years and over	70	35	35	317,425	140,265	177,155	45	25	20	110	60	55
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	65	40	30	213,720	108,905	104,815	105	55	55	10	5	5
0 to 17 years	15	5	10	29,585	15,165	14,425	30	15	15	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	5	5	0	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	50	30	20	153,385	81,765	71,620	70	35	35	5	5	0
65 years and over	5	5	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	0	5	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	10.8	7.6	10.9	11.3	10.6	18.8	19.5	18.0	1.6	2.5	x
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	24.0	28.0	24.0	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	16.0	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	10.8	13.0	8.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	18.0	19.0	17.0	2.0	x	x
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	12.0	x	16.0	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	730	365	365	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	575	280	295	615	310	310
In bottom half of the distribution	570	280	295	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	450	220	230	160	80	80
In bottom decile	125	65	65	298,540	147,890	150,655	150	75	70	25	15	5
In second decile	125	60	60	244,435	115,985	128,450	120	55	70	15	5	10
In third decile	145	70	75	240,895	116,550	124,345	75	45	30	25	15	10
In fourth decile	95	45	55	218,125	105,885	112,240	60	30	35	45	20	20
In fifth decile	80	35	45	194,765	95,185	99,580	50	20	30	50	20	25
In top half of the distribution	160	95	70	762,590	384,140	378,450	125	60	65	450	225	230
In sixth decile	65	35	30	172,200	85,100	87,095	35	15	20	55	30	20
In seventh decile	45	25	20	156,540	78,290	78,250	40	20	20	65	30	35
In eighth decile	20	15	10	144,120	72,600	71,525	15	5	10	95	45	45
In ninth decile	20	15	10	134,265	68,285	65,980	20	10	10	140	65	75
In top decile	0	0	0	155,465	79,870	75,595	15	10	10	105	55	50
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	730	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	575	...	...	610	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.262	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.342	...	...	0.280	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.445	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.578	...	...	0.348	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.232	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.299	...	...	0.234	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	730	365	365	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	575	285	290	610	305	305
English only	30	15	10	262,290	133,690	128,600	85	55	30	70	40	35
French only	325	150	175	486,845	221,005	265,840	125	60	70	75	30	45
English and French	360	195	170	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	340	165	175	460	240	225
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	20	5	15	5	5	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	730	365	365	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	575	285	290	610	305	305
English	105	60	45	605,220	303,380	301,835	175	95	75	220	120	95
French	535	255	280	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	310	155	160	360	175	190
English and French	75	40	35	173,785	88,480	85,300	70	25	40	30	15	15
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	15	5	10	5	5	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	730	365	365	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	575	285	290	610	305	305
Single responses	660	325	335	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	485	240	245	595	295	295
Official languages	315	160	155	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	260	145	115	505	250	250
English	50	30	20	322,315	162,085	160,230	90	50	35	160	90	70
French	270	130	140	870,975	428,435	442,540	170	90	85	340	160	180
Non-official languages	340	165	175	643,275	311,525	331,750	230	100	125	90	45	50
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	340	165	175	642,820	311,370	331,445	230	100	125	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	80	80	129,195	68,395	60,805	35	20	10	5	5	0
Berber languages	25	15	15	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	25	15	15	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	130	70	65	112,200	59,320	52,880	35	25	10	5	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	130	70	65	107,605	56,960	50,645	35	25	10	5	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	5	5	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	70	25	40	37,690	16,985	20,705	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	50	20	35	27,565	12,185	15,375	5	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	15	5	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	50	45	329,415	158,980	170,435	105	45	65	60	25	35
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	15	5	10	10	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	15	5	10	10	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0	5	5	0
Russian	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	10	5	10	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	65	25	40	10	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	45	20	25	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	35	15	25	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	20	5	10	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	20	5	10	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	15	10	10	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	50	45	183,755	87,295	96,460	20	10	5	30	20	15
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	55	30	25	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	0	0	15	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0	5	0	0
Spanish	40	15	20	85,395	41,150	44,250	10	5	5	15	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	15	5	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	10	0	5	20	15	10
Chinese languages	5	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	10	0	5	20	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	5	0	5	20	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	5	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	25	10	15	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	25	10	15	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	40	30	143,450	71,980	71,470	85	40	45	20	5	10
English and French	5	0	0	42,695	21,750	20,940	25	10	15	10	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	32,265	15,955	16,310	10	5	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	47,185	23,615	23,570	40	20	20	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	10	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	5	0	5	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	730	365	365	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	575	285	290	610	305	305
English	55	30	25	340,470	170,050	170,425	90	45	45	165	95	75
French	235	120	110	779,125	383,000	396,125	175	90	85	290	135	155
Non-official language	125	60	65	204,395	96,705	107,690	80	40	40	25	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	125	60	65	204,315	96,670	107,645	80	40	40	25	10	15
English and French	35	25	15	173,135	89,205	83,935	40	15	20	80	40	45
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	135,390	66,995	68,400	55	30	25	20	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	180	85	95	180,900	85,935	94,965	70	30	40	10	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	45	45	154,470	76,450	78,020	65	30	30	20	15	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	730	365	365	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	575	285	290	610	305	305
Single responses	630	320	305	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	500	255	245	585	290	295
Official languages	420	215	200	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	345	185	165	545	270	270
English	90	55	35	479,850	239,270	240,580	125	70	55	215	115	100
French	330	165	170	956,130	471,155	484,975	225	115	110	330	155	170
Non-official languages	210	105	105	370,290	177,955	192,335	155	75	80	40	20	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	210	105	105	370,125	177,895	192,235	155	75	80	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	55	45	66,095	34,080	32,015	25	15	5	0	0	0
Berber languages	15	10	10	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	10	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	45	40	58,585	30,100	28,490	25	15	5	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	85	45	40	56,520	29,075	27,445	25	15	5	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	15	20	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	10	5	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	10	5	10	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	25	25	188,550	90,370	98,185	75	35	35	20	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	10	0	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	50	30	25	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	40	20	15	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	15	5	10	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	15	5	10	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	15	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	25	25	95,835	44,515	51,315	10	5	5	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0	5	5	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	30	20	15	54,335	26,035	28,300	10	5	5	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	10	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	5	0	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	10	5	5	20	10	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	10	5	5	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	5	0	5	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	15	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	3,885	1,945	1,945	5	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5	3,595	1,795	1,805	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	100	45	55	173,745	85,640	88,110	70	25	45	30	15	15
English and French	15	10	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	20	5	10	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	15	5	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	57,355	27,790	29,565	25	10	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	21,910	10,810	11,100	10	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	730	365	365	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	575	285	290	610	305	310
None	495	245	245	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	395	190	200	505	255	255
English	35	15	15	131,630	67,290	64,340	50	25	25	30	15	15
French	75	35	35	126,780	62,180	64,600	45	25	25	30	20	15
Non-official language	60	25	35	144,335	69,210	75,130	40	25	15	20	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	25	35	144,155	69,135	75,015	40	25	15	20	10	10
English and French	20	15	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	15	5	5	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	38,875	19,700	19,180	20	10	5	10	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	10	5	10	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	785	385	405	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	550	285	265	585	260	325
Official languages	775	380	395	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	540	280	255	575	250	325
English	475	255	225	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	355	185	170	485	210	270
French	735	350	385	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	460	245	220	530	225	305
Non-official languages	610	280	330	971,455	471,755	499,700	300	145	155	175	75	105
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	610	280	330	970,710	471,495	499,220	300	145	155	175	75	105
Afro-Asiatic languages	335	155	175	217,295	113,605	103,690	75	55	20	0	0	0
Berber languages	45	25	25	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	45	25	25	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	310	145	165	205,120	107,210	97,905	75	55	20	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	310	145	165	188,115	98,545	89,565	70	50	20	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	140	40	90	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	135	40	90	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	20	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	165	80	85	514,485	250,190	264,295	135	70	70	145	60	75
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	10	0	10	25	0	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	10	0	10	25	0	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0	10	0	10
German	10	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	25	15	15	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	10	10	0	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	10	10	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	150	75	80	324,695	154,360	170,340	65	45	25	110	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	60	35	30	107,285	51,300	55,985	10	0	0	45	20	25
Portuguese	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0	15	10	0
Spanish	85	40	50	193,835	91,345	102,490	60	45	25	55	25	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	15	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	10	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	10	0	10	20	0	15
Chinese languages	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	10	0	10	20	0	15
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	35	10	25	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	35	10	25	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	790	385	400	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	550	285	265	580	255	325
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	790	385	400	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	540	280	255	575	255	320
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	790	385	400	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	550	285	265	580	255	325
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	790	385	400	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	540	280	255	575	255	320
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	215	...	...
Owner	90	...	...	360,125	...	...	30	...	...	215	...	...
Renter	195	...	...	550,240	...	...	205	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	215	...	...
Condominium	20	...	...	192,985	...	...	40	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	260	...	...	717,375	...	...	190	...	...	215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	215	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	70	...	...	267,715	...	...	55	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	75	...	...	303,875	...	...	105	...	...	10	...	...
3 bedrooms	80	...	...	220,945	...	...	50	...	...	155	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	45	...	...	98,090	...	...	25	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	150	...	...	501,570	...	...	140	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	55	...	...	166,230	...	...	55	...	...	10	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	78,495	...	...	15	...	...	40	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	58,850	...	...	10	...	...	70	...	...
8 or more rooms	30	...	...	105,210	...	...	10	...	...	100	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.4	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	275	...	...	881,730	...	...	220	...	...	215	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	28,630	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	215	...	...
Suitable	220	...	...	834,885	...	...	205	...	...	215	...	...
Not suitable	65	...	...	75,475	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	215	...	...
1960 or before	100	...	...	325,005	...	...	100	...	...	210	...	...
1961 to 1980	110	...	...	282,605	...	...	40	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	35	...	...	101,185	...	...	75	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	25	...	...	63,765	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	10	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	215	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	270	...	...	833,540	...	...	205	...	...	200	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	76,815	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	215	...	...
One-maintainer household	130	...	...	543,605	...	...	145	...	...	65	...	...
Two-maintainer household	140	...	...	333,140	...	...	70	...	...	145	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	33,620	...	...	20	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	215	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	30	...	...	162,375	...	...	50	...	...	15	...	...
35 to 44 years	50	...	...	171,535	...	...	65	...	...	50	...	...
45 to 54 years	95	...	...	155,520	...	...	45	...	...	35	...	...
55 to 64 years	45	...	...	156,865	...	...	45	...	...	50	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	122,825	...	...	10	...	...	35	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	70,345	...	...	15	...	...	30	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	290	...	...	902,485	...	...	230	...	...	220	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	230	...	...	686,075	...	...	180	...	...	205	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	55	...	...	216,410	...	...	55	...	...	20	...	...
30% to less than 100%	55	...	...	189,795	...	...	40	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	235	...	...	220	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	330,635	...	...	85	...	...	35	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	186,350	...	...	40	...	...	20	...	...
Not suitable only	55	...	...	56,480	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	175	...	...	579,720	...	...	145	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	285	...	...	875,865	...	...	215	...	...	220	...	...
In core need	40	...	...	87,945	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	245	...	...	787,925	...	...	200	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	95	...	...	360,120	...	...	30	...	...	215	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.7	...	...	60.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	58.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.6	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,590	...	...	1,370	...	...	x	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,880	...	...	1,572	...	...	950	...	...	1,600	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	x	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	570,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	520,000	...	...	616,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	195	...	...	550,235	...	...	200	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	50.0	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.8	...	...	28.4	...	...	25.0	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.4	...	...	14.6	...	...	8.1	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	780	...	...	890	...	...	750	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	795	...	...	987	...	...	880	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	785	385	400	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	545	285	265	580	255	325
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0	10	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0	10	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	10	0	0	30	10	25
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	10	0	0	20	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	10	0	0	20	0	20
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	785	385	400	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	540	280	260	540	245	295
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	785	385	400	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	550	285	265	585	260	325
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	630	295	335	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	480	260	220	570	250	325
Canadian citizens aged under 18	165	85	75	322,965	164,980	157,985	120	70	50	110	40	65
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	465	210	255	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	360	190	170	465	205	255
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160	90	65	313,410	160,530	152,885	65	25	45	10	10	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	785	385	400	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	550	285	265	585	260	325
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	385	190	200	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	315	175	140	505	225	280
Immigrants⁸¹	345	150	190	652,730	313,955	338,770	210	105	105	65	25	45
Before 1980	35	15	25	108,265	50,530	57,735	25	25	0	30	15	10
1980 to 1990	25	10	10	69,695	34,150	35,545	25	15	10	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	90	45	50	106,810	50,520	56,290	70	25	40	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	110	40	70	154,780	74,520	80,255	55	25	30	25	0	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	70	40	30	213,175	104,225	108,950	35	10	25	0	0	0
2011 to 2015	55	30	25	99,070	48,005	51,065	15	0	10	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	15	10	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	20	0	20	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	60	40	15	138,240	75,380	62,860	25	0	20	10	10	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	345	155	185	652,725	313,955	338,770	210	105	110	70	25	45
Under 5 years	20	0	10	52,990	26,810	26,180	25	10	15	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	70	35	35	103,285	51,965	51,320	25	25	0	25	10	15
15 to 24 years	75	25	55	118,475	53,035	65,440	60	20	35	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	165	85	80	326,320	158,620	167,700	85	35	45	30	15	25
45 years and over	10	0	10	51,660	23,520	28,140	20	10	10	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	345	155	185	652,725	313,955	338,770	210	105	110	70	25	45
Americas	125	50	80	137,955	63,465	74,485	35	20	20	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	90	25	65	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	45	20	20	158,795	76,610	82,190	50	20	30	30	10	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	25	10	10	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	15	0	15	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	85	40	40	152,205	77,515	74,690	50	15	30	10	0	0
Algeria	45	25	20	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	15	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0	10	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	30	10	15	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	15	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	85	45	40	202,715	95,775	106,935	75	45	30	20	0	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	25	20	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	75	35	40	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	25	10	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	20	10	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	20	0	15	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	10	0	10	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	790	385	400	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	550	285	265	580	255	325
First generation¹⁰⁰	410	200	210	813,905	400,325	413,580	230	105	125	75	30	45
Second generation¹⁰¹	275	130	145	424,225	212,755	211,475	165	90	80	90	45	50
Third generation or more¹⁰²	105	60	45	721,230	352,590	368,630	150	90	60	415	185	235
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	305	135	170	544,455	263,425	281,040	190	80	105	45	10	30
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	105	65	35	303,105	155,090	148,020	45	15	30	30	0	25
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	40	0	151,015	87,200	63,815	25	15	10	15	0	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	60	25	35	152,090	67,890	84,205	15	0	15	15	0	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	120	30	90	146,645	59,645	87,000	65	25	45	0	0	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	70	35	40	85,165	44,145	41,025	70	35	35	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	305	135	170	544,455	263,425	281,040	190	80	105	45	10	30
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	40	30	53,655	28,340	25,310	30	20	0	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	30	15	10	56,685	26,490	30,195	15	0	10	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	195	75	115	387,815	184,015	203,795	120	45	75	35	0	25
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	790	385	400	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	550	285	265	580	255	325
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	525	250	280	737,510	363,785	373,725	315	160	155	65	30	40
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	25	10	15	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	10	0	10	30	15	15
Black	190	75	120	208,805	101,125	107,680	100	50	50	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab	285	140	145	151,890	79,375	72,515	75	55	20	0	0	0
Latin American	45	30	15	82,550	40,580	41,970	30	15	15	15	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	50	15	30	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	260	140	120	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	235	125	110	515	230	285
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	785	390	405	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	550	285	265	585	260	325
Canadian	50	20	25	241,015	115,880	125,135	50	30	20	125	50	75
English	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	10	0	0	20	0	15
Irish	0	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	45	35	15	85	40	55
Scottish	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0	25	10	15
French, n.o.s.¹²²	40	20	15	336,880	169,710	167,170	70	40	30	170	70	100
German	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0	40	25	10
Chinese	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0	30	15	15
Italian	85	50	35	156,025	76,485	79,535	15	10	0	75	55	25
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	20	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0	30	10	20
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0	15	0	15
Québécois	15	10	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	40	15	20	40	15	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
French Canadian	20	10	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0	30	15	20
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	15	0	10	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0	20	10	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	10	0	10	10	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	30	15	10	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	10	15	35,410	17,485	17,930	25	20	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	10	0	10	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	25	30	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0	20	15	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	185	95	90	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	10	10	0	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	160	55	105	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	15	0	10	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0	10	10	0
Moroccan	20	0	15	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0	25	15	10
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0	15	15	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	20	0	15	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	35	30	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	25	10	20	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	35	15	20	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	10	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	45	20	30	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	25	20	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	790	385	400	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	550	285	260	580	255	325
Buddhist	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	60	15	40	0	0	0
Christian	325	160	165	969,945	451,410	518,540	195	85	105	390	175	215
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	70	45	25	116,635	55,545	61,090	70	30	45	30	15	15
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0	15	0	10
Baptist	20	0	10	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	175	80	95	675,695	314,690	361,010	105	45	65	325	155	175
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	25	0	20	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	30	15	15	41,965	19,030	22,935	10	10	0	10	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	345	175	175	233,440	121,145	112,290	130	80	50	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	110	55	60	590,140	310,985	279,165	140	90	55	190	80	110
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	785	385	400	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	545	280	265	575	260	315
Non-movers	725	350	380	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	495	260	235	545	245	300
Movers	60	35	20	255,365	129,500	125,865	50	25	25	25	15	20
Non-migrants	50	25	20	186,805	94,745	92,055	45	15	25	20	15	15
Migrants	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	775	375	395	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	510	255	250	525	250	280
Non-movers	430	205	230	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	285	165	125	365	160	200
Movers	345	170	175	821,475	413,250	408,230	220	95	130	165	80	75
Non-migrants	250	120	135	433,700	216,030	217,670	155	60	95	90	50	40
Migrants	90	50	40	387,770	197,215	190,560	75	40	35	65	35	35
Internal migrants	15	10	0	190,035	93,955	96,075	40	25	20	60	30	35
Intraprovincial migrants	15	10	0	159,710	78,770	80,940	25	20	15	55	20	35
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	15	10	10	10	0	0
External migrants	75	40	35	197,735	103,260	94,485	25	15	15	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	650	320	335	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	440	230	215	485	230	255
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	215	100	110	274,820	136,500	138,320	130	75	55	20	15	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	440	215	220	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	315	155	160	470	215	250
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	445	230	220	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	335	170	170	315	145	170
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	105	55	55	121,295	65,950	55,345	80	35	40	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	340	175	165	975,700	481,690	494,005	255	130	125	315	140	170
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	650	320	330	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	445	225	215	485	230	255
No certificate, diploma or degree	190	90	100	247,460	120,840	126,625	120	70	50	15	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	90	50	40	319,755	162,520	157,240	75	50	25	50	30	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	370	180	190	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	250	110	140	425	190	235
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240	105	130	473,060	232,855	240,210	100	50	50	150	75	75
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	100	60	45	146,170	81,740	64,425	40	20	20	20	20	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	80	40	40	106,110	54,025	52,085	40	20	20	15	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	15	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	95	30	60	260,845	122,345	138,495	50	30	20	120	55	65
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45	20	20	66,045	28,760	37,285	15	0	10	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	130	70	60	609,855	291,355	318,505	150	60	85	275	115	160
Bachelor's degree	90	50	40	344,605	160,320	184,285	95	40	45	140	75	70
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	0	15	58,945	27,280	31,665	0	0	0	60	20	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	15	0	15	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	10	0	159,510	78,325	81,190	40	20	20	60	20	40
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	445	225	215	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	340	170	165	315	150	170
No certificate, diploma or degree	85	45	40	102,815	55,805	47,015	70	35	40	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	35	25	162,205	88,420	73,785	40	35	10	20	15	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	300	145	155	831,975	403,420	428,555	225	105	125	295	135	160
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	85	100	333,160	167,260	165,895	90	40	55	80	50	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	85	45	40	110,390	60,690	49,700	45	15	25	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	70	35	40	81,090	40,585	40,505	45	15	25	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	10	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	20	40	174,185	84,745	89,445	40	20	20	70	35	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40	20	20	48,580	21,830	26,755	15	0	0	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	115	65	50	498,815	236,155	262,665	135	65	70	210	85	130
Bachelor's degree	80	50	35	276,640	128,890	147,745	75	45	30	110	60	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	0	15	48,390	21,995	26,395	0	0	0	45	10	35
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	10	0	10	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	137,150	66,720	70,430	45	25	25	45	10	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	650	315	330	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	445	230	210	485	230	260
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	280	145	140	567,220	283,355	283,860	195	115	80	65	40	25
Education	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0	40	15	30
13. Education	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0	40	15	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	69,210	32,705	36,505	15	15	0	35	20	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	61,135	27,085	34,045	15	15	0	35	20	20
Humanities	20	0	20	78,920	30,815	48,110	60	30	25	35	0	35
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	15	15	0	15	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	30	0	20	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	10	10	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	10	35	157,220	58,185	99,040	35	25	15	40	0	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	15	0	10	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	15	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	10	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0	15	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	59,300	29,185	30,110	15	15	0	20	0	15
Business, management and public administration	100	50	55	248,895	110,950	137,945	25	10	15	85	40	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	100	50	55	237,125	108,040	129,090	25	10	15	85	40	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30	10	25	57,445	29,770	27,670	10	0	0	40	10	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	10	0	0	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0	15	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0	15	0	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	30	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	15	0	10	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	25	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	15	0	10	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	45	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	20	10	0	65	55	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	15	10	10	30	25	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0	10	10	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	10	0	0	15	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	10	0	0	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	0	35	122,295	30,795	91,495	40	0	40	35	10	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	45	0	35	109,185	24,140	85,045	40	0	40	35	10	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	20	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	0	10	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	15	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	445	225	220	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	335	175	165	320	145	165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	145	80	65	265,025	144,230	120,800	110	65	45	25	15	10
Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0	10	0	10
13. Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	54,840	26,500	28,340	15	10	0	30	20	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	48,205	21,870	26,335	10	10	0	30	20	10
Humanities	10	0	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	45	25	20	15	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	15	15	0	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	20	0	15	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	10	10	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	10	30	121,985	44,105	77,880	35	25	15	30	0	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	15	0	10	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	15	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	10	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	44,580	21,945	22,635	15	15	0	15	0	10
Business, management and public administration	90	45	50	199,525	87,920	111,600	25	10	15	75	30	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	90	45	50	190,410	85,600	104,810	25	10	15	75	30	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	10	0	0	30	10	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	10	0	0	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0	15	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	25	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	15	0	10	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	20	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	15	0	10	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	35	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	10	10	0	40	35	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	10	10	0	25	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	10	10	0	10	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	10	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	0	35	92,595	23,265	69,330	45	0	40	30	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0	10	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	35	82,410	18,370	64,045	40	0	40	25	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	15	10	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	10	10	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0	10	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	445	225	220	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	335	175	165	320	145	165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	145	80	65	265,025	144,230	120,800	110	65	45	25	15	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	300	150	150	831,975	403,415	428,560	225	105	120	295	130	160
Location of study inside Canada	185	75	110	598,455	286,340	312,115	175	85	90	265	120	145
Same as province or territory of residence	185	75	110	566,540	270,160	296,380	160	80	80	255	120	130
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	10	0	10	15	0	15
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	115	75	40	233,520	117,075	116,445	55	20	30	25	10	20
Americas	45	35	10	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0	15	0	10
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	15	10	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	15	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	10	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	15	0	10	10	0	10
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	35	20	20	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	15	10	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	10	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	20	15	10	65,125	28,945	36,180	30	15	15	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	15	10	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	650	320	330	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	445	225	215	485	230	255
In the labour force	420	225	195	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	255	130	125	340	170	170
Employed	385	210	170	971,245	502,885	468,360	215	100	115	325	160	170
Unemployed	30	15	15	110,395	58,460	51,935	40	30	10	10	10	0
Not in the labour force	230	90	140	568,495	246,215	322,280	190	100	90	145	60	85
Participation rate	64.6	70.3	59.1	65.5	69.5	61.8	57.3	57.8	58.1	70.1	73.9	66.7
Employment rate	59.2	65.6	51.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	48.3	44.4	53.5	67.0	69.6	66.7
Unemployment rate	7.1	6.7	7.7	10.2	10.4	10.0	15.7	23.1	8.0	2.9	5.9	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	650	315	330	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	445	230	210	485	230	255
Did not work¹⁸⁶	240	105	135	582,470	253,075	329,400	195	105	85	135	60	75
Worked	410	210	200	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	250	125	125	355	175	180
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	145	85	65	529,400	287,950	241,450	105	55	50	205	105	100
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	260	130	135	538,265	266,540	271,725	145	70	80	145	60	85
Average weeks worked in reference year	33.5	35.4	31.5	39.7	40.2	39.3	36.2	35.2	37.2	40.6	41.2	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	420	225	190	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	255	125	125	335	165	170
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	400	220	180	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	250	125	125	330	160	170
Employee	375	200	180	907,745	457,830	449,915	220	110	110	295	140	150
Permanent position	315	155	155	741,830	380,445	361,385	165	80	85	265	135	125
Temporary position	60	40	25	165,915	77,385	88,530	55	30	25	35	10	20
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	15	10	69,690	31,285	38,405	35	20	20	15	0	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	20	15	96,225	46,100	50,120	15	10	10	20	0	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	20	20	0	142,380	88,145	54,230	30	20	10	45	25	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	420	225	190	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	255	125	125	335	165	170
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	400	220	180	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	250	125	125	330	160	170
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0	15	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	55	25	40	207,660	79,975	127,685	45	10	25	80	25	55
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	10	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	20	15	0	40	15	25
3 Health occupations	30	0	25	85,545	21,700	63,845	30	0	25	35	10	25
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	0	45	140,500	46,385	94,115	50	20	35	45	25	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	10	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	10	10	0	10	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	150	85	65	263,055	135,300	127,750	80	55	20	65	40	20
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	55	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	10	10	0	35	30	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	35	30	10	42,380	28,195	14,185	15	0	15	10	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	420	225	190	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	255	125	125	335	165	170
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	400	220	180	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	250	125	125	330	160	170
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0	10	10	0
23 Construction	20	20	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0	20	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	45	40	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	25	10	20	20	10	10
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	10	0	0	15	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	70	30	35	111,555	56,180	55,375	30	20	0	30	15	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	20	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	10	0	10	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	15	15	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	20	15	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	20	10	10	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0	10	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	0	25	130,405	75,750	54,655	35	15	25	55	20	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	15	15	49,530	29,800	19,735	10	10	0	10	10	0
61 Educational services	35	0	30	95,290	34,510	60,780	20	20	0	50	20	35
62 Health care and social assistance	45	15	30	142,545	36,095	106,450	35	0	30	35	0	30
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	25	10	20	59,510	32,125	27,380	0	0	0	10	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	35	25	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	35	10	25	0	0	0
91 Public administration	10	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0	30	20	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	430	230	200	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	295	150	145	375	185	185
English	30	25	0	201,310	110,165	91,150	35	20	10	65	25	40
French	235	110	125	416,430	206,170	210,265	90	65	30	70	40	30
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	145	90	60	473,485	249,700	223,785	135	60	75	225	120	115
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	430	230	200	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	295	150	145	375	185	185
Single responses	370	210	155	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	285	145	135	325	165	160
Official languages	365	210	155	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	260	140	125	315	160	160
English	55	40	15	361,715	194,885	166,835	80	45	35	120	60	65
French	315	175	140	645,885	327,180	318,705	180	90	90	195	100	95
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	60	25	40	126,180	65,940	60,240	15	10	10	50	25	25
English and French	55	20	35	116,535	60,925	55,605	15	10	10	45	25	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	430	230	200	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	295	150	145	375	185	185
None	320	155	160	743,180	381,875	361,305	165	100	65	190	90	95
English	75	55	20	219,885	116,455	103,430	75	30	40	130	60	65
French	35	20	10	149,470	78,495	70,975	45	20	25	55	30	20
Non-official language	10	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	385	210	170	971,245	502,885	468,360	215	100	110	325	155	170
Worked at home	50	35	20	298,820	151,335	147,485	60	25	35	95	35	60
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	55	35	15	89,120	62,795	26,325	0	0	0	25	25	0
Usual place of work	280	140	140	580,035	286,695	293,340	155	75	85	205	100	100
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	280	140	140	580,035	286,695	293,340	155	75	80	200	100	105
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	220	105	115	427,475	202,010	225,465	125	55	70	120	55	70
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	10	0	0	45	30	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	55	35	20	58,865	35,690	23,175	20	15	0	35	15	20
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	330	175	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	155	75	80	230	125	110
Car, truck or van	240	150	90	395,615	229,315	166,300	60	30	20	195	105	85
Car, truck or van - as a driver	215	140	75	365,770	218,475	147,295	50	30	15	165	105	65
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	0	20	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0	25	0	20
Public transit	65	25	45	177,860	74,605	103,260	65	30	35	25	10	15
Walked	15	0	15	61,160	26,300	34,860	25	0	25	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	330	175	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	155	75	80	230	125	110
Less than 15 minutes	60	20	40	125,240	61,185	64,055	10	0	0	45	20	20
15 to 29 minutes	95	65	35	241,005	129,590	111,420	85	45	35	105	55	55
30 to 44 minutes	90	60	35	176,925	96,710	80,215	45	15	30	60	40	25
45 to 59 minutes	25	0	25	67,635	33,110	34,530	15	10	10	20	15	0
60 minutes and over	55	30	30	58,350	28,905	29,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	330	175	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	155	75	80	230	125	110
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	15	10	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0	20	20	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	55	40	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	10	0	10	25	15	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	100	45	60	166,695	79,410	87,280	35	20	15	60	20	45
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25	0	20	149,185	68,865	80,320	35	20	15	55	35	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45	25	25	106,855	50,615	56,240	40	20	25	40	15	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	85	50	30	112,350	65,830	46,520	30	20	10	30	25	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	205	90	110	371,310	189,920	181,390	130	70	65	130	65	65
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	15	109,065	56,315	52,750	40	20	25	40	25	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	175	75	100	262,245	133,605	128,640	90	50	40	90	40	50
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	155	70	85	264,905	135,505	129,395	105	55	55	100	50	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	10	15	82,880	42,755	40,130	35	20	15	30	10	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	10	10	67,535	34,945	32,590	25	15	15	25	10	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	15,350	7,810	7,540	10	5	5	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	135	60	80	182,020	92,755	89,270	65	35	35	70	40	30

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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