Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662669More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24662095More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24662457More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	699	...	...	553	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	478	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	397	...	...	320	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	196	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	364	...	...	300	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	181	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8,514.0	...	...	9,770.3	...	...	6.5	...	...	9,465.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.08	...	...	0.06	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.05	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	700	345	355	555	250	300	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	475	235	240
0 to 14 years	120	65	55	80	45	35	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	70	45	30
0 to 4 years	40	20	15	30	20	15	422,980	217,145	205,840	25	15	10
5 to 9 years	50	30	20	30	15	15	478,955	245,295	233,665	15	10	5
10 to 14 years	35	15	15	25	15	15	489,425	250,855	238,570	30	15	10
15 to 64 years	450	235	215	390	175	220	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	300	150	155
15 to 19 years	25	5	20	20	10	15	429,400	219,400	209,995	20	10	10
20 to 24 years	45	20	20	20	10	10	460,660	235,250	225,405	50	25	20
25 to 29 years	45	20	25	35	15	20	527,150	266,455	260,700	30	15	10
30 to 34 years	55	25	30	45	20	25	536,040	267,770	268,270	25	20	5
35 to 39 years	50	25	30	55	30	25	550,425	274,350	276,075	25	10	15
40 to 44 years	60	40	20	45	15	30	572,565	286,405	286,160	30	15	20
45 to 49 years	40	20	15	35	15	25	516,465	259,565	256,905	35	15	25
50 to 54 years	40	20	15	30	15	15	522,935	262,610	260,325	35	10	20
55 to 59 years	40	20	20	45	15	30	615,690	307,230	308,465	30	20	15
60 to 64 years	55	30	30	50	30	30	625,610	307,710	317,900	30	15	15
65 years and over	125	45	80	80	35	45	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	105	45	60
65 to 69 years	40	15	25	30	15	15	541,970	264,020	277,950	30	15	15
70 to 74 years	30	10	20	20	5	10	455,900	217,985	237,910	30	10	15
75 to 79 years	30	10	20	15	5	10	330,840	153,790	177,050	15	0	10
80 to 84 years	15	5	10	5	5	5	210,405	90,825	119,580	20	10	10
85 years and over	15	0	10	10	5	0	214,415	75,305	139,115	15	5	10
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	5	5	0	131,755	50,610	81,150	5	5	5
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	0	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.1	18.8	15.5	14.4	18.0	11.7	16.4	17.0	15.8	14.7	19.1	12.5
15 to 64 years	64.3	68.1	60.6	70.3	70.0	73.3	63.0	63.9	62.1	63.2	63.8	64.6
65 years and over	17.9	13.0	22.5	14.4	14.0	15.0	20.6	19.1	22.1	22.1	19.1	25.0
85 years and over	2.1	0.0	2.8	1.8	2.0	0.0	2.5	1.8	3.2	3.2	2.1	4.2
Average age of the population	41.2	39.2	43.2	42.1	41.0	43.0	42.8	41.8	43.7	43.2	40.2	46.2
Median age of the population	40.8	40.8	41.6	41.6	40.4	42.8	43.2	42.0	44.0	42.8	38.8	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	360	...	...	300	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	185	...	...
Single-detached house	10	...	...	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	10	...	...	98,625	...	...	85	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...	100	...	...	271,245	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	310	...	...	190	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	90	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	365	...	...	300	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	180	...	...
1 person	185	...	...	150	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	45	...	...
2 persons	105	...	...	90	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	60	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	25	...	...	480,135	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	30	...	...	427,605	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	10	...	...	228,060	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	700	345	355	550	250	300	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	480	235	240
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	575	275	300	470	210	265	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	405	190	215
Married or living common-law	255	130	125	250	125	125	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	215	110	110
Married	175	95	80	90	45	45	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	200	95	100
Living common-law	80	40	40	160	80	80	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	20	10	10
Living common law - Never married	65	35	30	140	70	70	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	15	10	10
Living common law - Separated	5	0	5	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	15	10	10	261,885	135,520	126,370	5	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	320	145	180	220	80	140	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	190	85	105
Not married and not living common law - Never married	220	110	105	165	70	100	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	135	70	60
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	5	5	5	106,275	48,095	58,175	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	65	25	40	35	10	25	494,210	197,455	296,755	30	10	25
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	25	15	5	10	380,100	89,515	290,580	25	5	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	160	...	...	135	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	135	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	80	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	60	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	20	...	...	454,980	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	30	...	...	412,850	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	5	...	...	187,600	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	140	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	135	...	...
Total couple families	125	...	...	120	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	105	...	...
Married couples	80	...	...	40	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	95	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	20	...	...	502,020	...	...	65	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	25	...	...	609,605	...	...	35	...	...
Common-law couples	40	...	...	80	...	...	828,005	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	35	...	...	401,885	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	45	...	...	426,120	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	15	...	...	383,775	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	30	...	...	10	...	...	284,025	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	99,755	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	700	340	355	550	245	300	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	480	235	240
Total - Persons in census families	460	225	240	375	185	190	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	415	210	210
Married spouses or common-law partners	245	125	125	245	120	125	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	210	105	105
Parents in one-parent families	35	5	30	15	5	15	383,780	99,755	284,020	30	5	30
Children⁶	180	100	85	115	60	55	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	175	100	75
In a two-parent family	130	70	60	90	45	45	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	125	75	55
In a one-parent family	50	25	25	20	10	15	585,820	317,400	268,415	50	25	20
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	240	120	115	175	65	110	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	60	25	35
Living alone	190	90	95	155	50	95	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	45	25	15
Living with other relatives⁷	20	10	10	5	5	5	165,070	74,060	91,005	10	0	15
Living with non-relatives only	30	25	10	15	10	5	268,810	158,325	110,485	0	0	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	365	...	...	300	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	180	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	150	...	...	135	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	125	...	...
Couple-family households	120	...	...	125	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	95	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	50	...	...	851,835	...	...	60	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	70	...	...	982,260	...	...	35	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	15	...	...	331,395	...	...	30	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	50,790	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	66,750	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	10	...	...	139,280	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	185	...	...	150	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	45	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	580	280	300	470	205	265	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	410	195	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	550	260	290	470	205	260	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	400	190	210
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,000	51,600	56,000	48,800	40,800	44,800	37,200	30,800	30,400	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	550	260	290	470	205	260	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	400	190	210
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	34,400	30,400	44,400	48,000	42,400	36,400	39,200	33,600	28,600	27,600	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	480	230	250	450	200	250	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	355	170	185
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	36,800	23,200	48,000	53,200	42,800	33,600	39,600	28,000	19,000	18,400	19,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	200	190	385	175	215	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	265	130	140
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	36,400	25,000	49,600	55,600	45,200	36,000	40,400	31,600	22,400	23,600	21,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	495	230	270	345	135	205	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	345	160	185
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,100	13,100	8,700	8,500	8,900	11,500	10,200	12,300	13,300	12,800	14,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55	30	25	55	20	35	837,635	441,080	396,550	45	25	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600	5,480	6,000	x	6,080	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,520	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	185	100	80	125	60	65	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	145	85	60
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	11,500	11,200	12,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	625	315	310	505	235	270	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	380	165	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	585	285	300	495	230	265	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	375	160	220
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	40,800	36,800	61,400	65,500	57,600	51,160	57,550	44,960	37,800	38,500	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	585	285	300	495	230	265	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	375	160	220
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,600	31,800	46,200	49,600	43,200	41,840	45,760	38,000	33,200	33,000	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	515	250	265	485	220	260	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	355	150	205
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,400	28,000	54,400	60,000	49,600	45,480	52,900	38,000	27,800	30,400	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	210	190	410	185	220	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	265	90	175
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,400	37,200	33,600	54,400	60,000	49,600	46,240	51,950	40,040	30,000	39,000	25,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	510	250	265	365	170	195	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	320	125	190
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,800	13,200	10,640	8,900	12,200	12,410	11,500	13,220	13,600	11,200	15,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30	20	0	55	20	35	837,180	441,665	395,515	55	20	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,000	...	8,800	6,000	10,000	7,040	6,380	7,780	6,400	6,000	6,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	170	100	70	145	70	70	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	125	55	70
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,600	10,000	8,000	6,000	10,400	8,130	7,910	8,390	9,200	8,800	9,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	620	315	305	505	230	270	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	385	165	220
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	180	110	70	160	65	95	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	95	35	55
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,000	44,800	39,600	77,500	68,500	80,000	58,400	62,800	53,600	44,800	40,400	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,600	52,000	50,000	84,000	96,000	76,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	55,000	60,000	52,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	175	85	90	200	90	110	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	115	40	75
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	15,900	24,000	25,200	37,200	18,800	18,600	21,400	16,600	12,700	19,000	10,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	22,400	22,800	40,000	50,000	32,000	28,160	32,120	24,360	19,600	34,000	12,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.0	77.0	68.0	87.0	90.0	84.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	69.5	76.0	64.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.6	66.0	57.0	73.5	75.0	71.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	56.0	60.0	54.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.2	22.4	32.0	12.9	10.2	15.6	20.1	15.8	25.6	30.4	23.0	36.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.8	x	1.6	0.8	2.4	1.7	1.5	2.0	2.6	1.6	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.4	7.2	7.6	4.3	3.3	5.4	5.4	4.8	6.1	9.2	8.8	9.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.5	6.6	6.4	3.9	2.8	4.8	4.6	4.3	5.1	8.0	7.6	8.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	575	275	300	470	205	265	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	405	190	215
Without total income	25	15	10	0	0	0	179,955	87,650	92,310	10	5	0
With total income	555	260	295	465	205	265	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	400	185	210
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	20	35	20	10	15	462,400	204,245	258,155	35	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	75	35	40	25	10	15	809,375	334,315	475,065	60	30	35
$20,000 to $29,999	105	50	60	70	30	40	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	95	50	45
$30,000 to $39,999	90	35	55	60	25	35	896,520	414,070	482,445	55	30	30
$40,000 to $49,999	70	45	30	45	20	25	849,005	411,680	437,325	50	20	30
$50,000 to $59,999	45	20	20	50	20	30	687,020	345,720	341,305	25	5	20
$60,000 to $69,999	45	25	25	40	15	20	503,110	271,695	231,415	20	5	15
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	15	30	15	15	367,455	208,475	158,980	15	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	30	15	15	284,690	158,760	125,930	10	10	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	25	15	10	198,140	112,355	85,780	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	25	15	5	70	35	35	556,780	365,700	191,080	15	15	10
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	5	55	20	30	385,890	245,635	140,260	15	5	10
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	15	10	5	170,890	120,065	50,820	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	575	275	300	470	205	265	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	405	190	215
Without after-tax income	25	15	10	0	0	0	177,960	86,610	91,355	10	5	0
With after-tax income	555	260	295	465	205	265	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	400	185	210
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	20	35	30	10	15	495,035	214,000	281,030	40	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	80	35	45	30	10	20	853,250	356,480	496,765	70	30	35
$20,000 to $29,999	115	50	65	80	30	50	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	105	55	45
$30,000 to $39,999	115	50	60	70	30	40	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	75	35	45
$40,000 to $49,999	70	40	30	65	30	40	994,235	505,970	488,265	45	15	30
$50,000 to $59,999	50	30	20	50	25	25	691,015	372,870	318,145	30	10	15
$60,000 to $69,999	35	15	15	45	20	25	459,665	251,490	208,170	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	5	30	15	15	292,135	160,985	131,150	10	10	0
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	5	15	10	10	174,905	104,610	70,295	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	25	10	10	106,165	67,055	39,105	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	25	15	10	229,765	156,750	73,020	10	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	10	5	5	119,125	78,615	40,515	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	10	5	0	10	10	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	575	275	300	470	205	265	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	405	190	215
Without employment income	190	75	110	80	30	50	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	140	65	80
With employment income	385	205	185	385	170	215	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	270	130	140
Under $5,000 (including loss)	60	25	35	50	25	25	644,075	331,770	312,300	50	25	25
$5,000 to $9,999	45	20	25	15	0	10	401,185	180,585	220,595	40	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	45	25	25	40	15	25	603,350	273,725	329,620	35	20	15
$20,000 to $29,999	40	15	25	35	10	20	495,105	228,670	266,435	30	10	15
$30,000 to $39,999	55	30	25	30	10	20	488,000	239,620	248,380	25	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	45	30	15	30	10	20	485,845	242,230	243,610	25	10	15
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	10	40	20	20	403,980	217,425	186,560	15	5	5
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	5	25	15	15	320,700	184,770	135,935	25	5	15
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	25	10	10	250,635	147,020	103,615	10	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	25	15	15	218,100	120,085	98,020	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	15	10	5	141,540	86,090	55,450	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	65	35	30	422,055	285,910	136,145	20	10	10
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	35	15	20	205,085	133,500	71,585	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	30	20	10	216,965	152,410	64,555	10	5	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	580	280	300	470	205	265	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	410	195	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	545	265	285	450	195	255	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	390	180	205
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,000	28,600	52,800	55,600	50,400	38,400	43,200	34,000	26,600	26,800	26,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	545	265	285	450	195	255	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	390	180	205
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,000	27,000	45,200	46,400	44,000	34,000	37,600	30,600	24,800	24,400	24,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	230	240	435	195	245	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	345	160	185
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	38,400	24,600	50,000	53,200	48,000	34,800	40,400	29,200	20,600	21,000	19,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	375	200	175	380	165	215	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	265	135	140
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,200	26,400	51,200	53,200	50,000	36,400	41,200	31,800	25,600	27,400	25,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	210	250	310	125	190	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	325	150	180
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	4,000	10,800	3,640	2,980	3,920	7,800	5,640	9,100	5,640	4,200	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	65	40	25	45	20	30	727,165	390,255	336,910	25	10	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	5,560	10,300	5,680	5,080	7,100	5,000	4,760	5,280	5,080	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	625	315	310	505	235	270	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	380	165	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	580	295	290	470	210	260	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	360	150	210
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,800	33,600	59,800	62,400	58,000	48,600	55,500	41,880	33,000	34,500	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	580	295	290	470	210	260	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	360	150	210
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	33,200	29,600	48,000	49,600	46,800	39,600	44,000	35,320	29,600	30,400	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	520	260	255	460	205	255	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	335	140	195
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,200	36,400	28,400	56,800	58,800	55,200	45,920	53,800	37,920	26,700	29,200	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	400	220	185	390	175	215	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	245	95	150
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,200	36,800	31,000	55,600	56,400	55,200	46,240	52,450	39,520	29,600	37,000	24,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	500	230	265	335	160	180	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	320	130	185
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,680	7,950	9,300	6,520	6,200	6,750	9,450	8,430	10,320	9,200	8,000	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65	50	0	40	20	20	727,815	390,880	336,935	35	20	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	5,400	...	4,200	4,000	4,400	7,020	5,975	8,230	11,000	10,000	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	620	315	305	505	230	270	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	385	165	220
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	110	70	160	65	95	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	85	35	50
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	42,800	42,800	38,000	76,000	73,500	77,500	54,800	60,000	49,200	37,200	37,200	34,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	46,800	48,000	46,000	79,000	88,000	73,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	47,000	48,000	44,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	165	85	85	185	80	110	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	105	35	70
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	24,000	22,600	32,400	33,600	28,200	23,600	27,200	21,000	14,300	30,400	12,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	30,400	23,600	40,800	40,000	41,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	20,400	34,000	13,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.5	84.0	75.0	92.0	92.0	92.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	75.5	80.0	72.0
Employment income (%)	65.5	71.0	59.0	77.0	76.0	78.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	61.0	70.0	54.0
Government transfers (%)	20.4	16.4	25.2	7.8	7.6	7.9	14.9	10.8	20.2	24.4	21.0	27.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.4	x	0.6	0.7	0.6	1.6	1.3	2.0	3.2	4.0	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	365	...	...	300	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	75,500	...	...	72,500	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	62,800	...	...	63,200	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	185	...	...	150	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	44,800	...	...	38,800	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...	38,800	...	...	34,400	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	180	...	...	145	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	136,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	108,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,400	...	...	99,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	74,500	...	...	75,200	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	145	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	38,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	38,500	...	...	39,640	...	...	32,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	200	...	...	165	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	135,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	365	...	...	300	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	180	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	52,080	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	82,470	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	218,185	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	20	...	...	144,420	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	143,285	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	172,005	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	174,790	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	166,990	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	20	...	...	310,880	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	280,505	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	255,770	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	235,235	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	208,320	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	110	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	414,805	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	282,590	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	307,835	...	...	15	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	30	...	...	239,060	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	365	...	...	300	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	180	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	53,600	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	87,695	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	234,875	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	20	...	...	177,135	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	180,150	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	213,760	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	210,280	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	193,530	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	356,325	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	25	...	...	322,530	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	289,580	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	254,885	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	216,370	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	95	...	...	892,775	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	387,835	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	225,830	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	30	...	...	279,105	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	165	...	...	145	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	137,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	109,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	75	...	...	991,710	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	130,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	58,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	102,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	50	...	...	907,765	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	164,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	133,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	20	...	...	368,845	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	x	...	...	69,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	x	...	...	61,600	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	215	110	105	165	60	105	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	45	25	20
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	36,000	30,800	44,800	44,800	44,800	36,800	39,200	34,800	39,200	43,600	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,200	30,600	28,800	38,800	36,800	38,800	33,200	34,800	31,600	35,200	36,400	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	190	...	...	160	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	106,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	75	...	...	992,110	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	148,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	58,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	50	...	...	909,160	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	156,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	20	...	...	367,155	...	...	20	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	205	120	90	160	75	85	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	35	0	25
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,000	32,500	54,000	62,000	48,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	38,000	x	40,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,200	28,000	26,000	37,500	46,000	30,800	38,040	39,400	36,640	32,000	x	34,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	700	345	355	550	250	300	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	475	235	245
0 to 17 years	135	70	65	95	50	45	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	80	50	30
0 to 5 years	50	25	20	35	20	15	515,725	264,785	250,935	30	25	5
18 to 64 years	435	230	210	380	165	215	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	295	140	150
65 years and over	125	45	85	80	35	45	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	105	45	60
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	175	85	90	45	15	30	992,235	463,295	528,940	50	30	25
0 to 17 years	30	20	15	5	0	0	159,530	82,000	77,530	10	10	0
0 to 5 years	10	5	10	0	0	0	53,105	27,240	25,870	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	115	55	55	30	10	20	515,470	256,435	259,035	30	15	10
65 years and over	30	10	20	15	5	5	317,235	124,865	192,370	10	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	25.0	24.0	26.0	8.0	6.0	9.5	11.9	11.2	12.7	10.4	11.0	9.5
0 to 17 years (%)	24.0	24.0	20.0	x	x	x	9.7	9.7	9.7	12.0	16.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	28.0	20.0	30.0	x	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	16.0	20.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	25.2	25.0	26.0	8.0	7.0	9.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	10.0	12.0	9.0
65 years and over (%)	26.0	20.0	30.0	14.0	12.0	16.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	10.0	x	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	700	340	355	550	245	300	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	480	235	240
0 to 17 years	135	70	65	90	50	45	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	80	50	30
0 to 5 years	45	25	25	30	20	15	511,400	262,535	248,860	30	20	10
18 to 64 years	440	230	210	375	165	210	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	290	145	150
65 years and over	125	45	80	80	30	50	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	105	45	60
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	120	60	60	25	10	15	439,850	223,055	216,795	25	10	10
0 to 17 years	20	10	5	0	0	5	61,665	31,610	30,060	0	5	0
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	80	45	35	15	5	10	313,970	167,015	146,955	15	10	5
65 years and over	15	5	15	5	0	0	64,210	24,430	39,780	0	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	17.2	17.5	16.5	4.4	4.0	4.5	5.3	5.4	5.2	4.8	6.0	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	15.0	16.0	12.0	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	5.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0	x	25.0	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	18.8	20.0	17.0	4.5	4.0	4.5	6.2	6.6	5.8	5.0	6.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	14.0	x	18.0	x	x	x	4.0	3.3	4.7	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	700	345	355	550	250	300	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	480	235	240
In bottom half of the distribution	525	255	270	220	90	130	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	310	150	165
In bottom decile	150	75	75	40	20	20	851,840	407,705	444,140	40	25	20
In second decile	100	40	55	50	25	25	920,490	434,730	485,760	60	30	35
In third decile	105	55	50	35	10	25	969,255	471,650	497,600	80	45	40
In fourth decile	70	35	30	40	15	25	978,345	482,760	495,590	60	25	35
In fifth decile	105	45	55	55	25	30	947,090	473,285	473,810	65	30	30
In top half of the distribution	175	95	85	330	160	170	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	170	85	80
In sixth decile	40	20	20	55	30	30	899,660	454,970	444,690	45	25	20
In seventh decile	50	30	25	55	30	30	837,225	425,400	411,830	50	25	20
In eighth decile	25	10	10	85	40	45	752,410	383,450	368,955	25	15	10
In ninth decile	35	20	15	75	30	40	634,425	325,700	308,730	30	15	15
In top decile	20	10	10	60	35	30	517,725	267,160	250,565	20	5	10
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	700	...	...	550	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.347	...	...	0.336	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.276	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.511	...	...	0.412	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.305	...	...	0.293	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.240	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.3	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	700	340	355	550	250	305	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	480	235	240
English only	20	20	5	5	0	5	445,575	228,840	216,735	120	60	60
French only	360	165	190	180	75	105	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	65	30	35
English and French	315	160	155	365	170	195	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	265	140	130
Neither English nor French	10	0	5	0	0	0	82,075	35,200	46,875	30	5	25
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	700	340	355	550	250	305	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	480	235	240
English	65	40	20	20	10	10	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	215	115	100
French	595	280	315	520	230	285	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	150	75	75
English and French	30	20	15	15	10	5	329,515	169,050	160,465	80	45	40
Neither English nor French	10	0	5	0	0	0	79,000	33,590	45,410	30	5	25
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	700	340	355	550	250	305	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	480	235	240
Single responses	665	325	345	525	240	290	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	435	210	225
Official languages	430	205	225	500	225	275	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	175	90	80
English	30	15	10	15	10	5	639,365	323,170	316,195	95	50	45
French	400	185	215	485	220	270	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	85	45	35
Non-official languages	240	115	120	30	15	20	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	260	120	145
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	240	115	120	30	15	20	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	260	120	145
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40	5	0	5	233,220	122,895	110,320	65	30	35
Berber languages	35	15	20	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0
Kabyle	35	15	20	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	5	0	5	204,600	107,735	96,865	65	30	35
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	20	5	0	5	198,785	104,765	94,020	55	25	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	5	0	5	37,425	17,185	20,240	20	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	5	0	5	28,630	13,180	15,450	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	55	20	30	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	10	0	5
Haitian Creole	40	15	20	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	5	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	5	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	25	10	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	25	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	35	45	15	10	10	595,790	290,670	305,115	85	40	50
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,295	30,855	37,435	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,565	30,570	36,995	5	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	10	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	101,450	52,780	48,665	35	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	30	15	15
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	5	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	5	0	5
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	15	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	10	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	10	5	10
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	10	5	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	25	45	15	10	10	346,000	167,870	178,130	25	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20	5	0	5	90,940	44,080	46,865	5	0	5
Portuguese	5	0	5	5	5	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	0	0	0
Spanish	30	10	20	5	0	5	177,155	86,490	90,660	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	87,540	40,170	47,375	60	30	30
Chinese languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	87,155	39,990	47,160	60	30	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	35	20	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	20	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	20	10	25	15	10	308,550	155,455	153,095	45	25	20
English and French	5	5	0	15	10	10	126,405	64,585	61,820	20	15	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0	0	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	5	5	5	94,205	46,880	47,320	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	5	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	5	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	700	340	355	550	250	305	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	480	235	240
English	25	15	10	5	5	0	623,305	313,780	309,520	85	45	35
French	400	195	210	460	205	260	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	55	30	20
Non-official language	40	15	25	5	0	0	366,730	177,410	189,315	125	55	65
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	15	25	5	0	0	343,650	165,830	177,825	125	55	65
English and French	40	20	20	55	30	25	497,380	256,735	240,645	40	25	15
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	5	0	5	205,755	102,290	103,470	60	25	35
French and non-official language(s)	140	65	70	10	5	5	375,795	179,585	196,210	50	25	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	10	5	10	284,940	141,275	143,665	65	30	35
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	700	340	355	550	250	305	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	480	235	240
Single responses	640	315	330	530	240	285	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	440	215	225
Official languages	535	260	270	520	235	285	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	220	115	105
English	40	30	15	15	5	5	874,185	438,570	435,615	130	65	65
French	490	235	255	505	230	280	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	90	50	40
Non-official languages	105	50	60	10	5	5	662,615	322,860	339,750	215	95	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	105	50	60	10	5	5	628,365	305,820	322,555	215	95	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	116,685	59,645	57,040	55	30	25
Berber languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	10	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	15	10	0	0	0	104,890	53,505	51,380	55	30	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	20	15	10	0	0	0	102,120	52,125	49,990	55	30	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	20	10	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	20	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	20	30	10	5	5	336,635	164,100	172,535	60	30	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	35	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	30	15	15
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	5	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	5	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	15	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	10	0	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	10	0	10
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	10	0	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	25	10	5	5	182,585	88,060	94,525	5	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	10	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	0	5	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	15	0	0	0	112,915	55,870	57,050	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	60	25	30
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	60	25	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	35	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	15	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	30	25	25	10	15	357,245	176,070	181,175	40	20	20
English and French	10	5	5	20	10	10	137,120	69,025	68,095	20	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0	0	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	10	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0	0	0	116,595	56,445	60,150	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0	0	0	39,875	19,575	20,300	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	700	345	355	555	250	300	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	480	235	240
None	520	255	265	500	225	275	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	290	145	140
English	35	15	20	30	15	15	353,690	183,470	170,225	50	30	20
French	50	20	25	5	5	5	259,425	127,380	132,040	40	20	20
Non-official language	70	35	30	10	0	10	269,715	129,830	139,890	40	15	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	70	35	30	10	0	10	264,405	127,330	137,070	40	15	25
English and French	10	5	0	0	0	0	61,955	31,425	30,525	30	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	10	5	5	76,755	38,765	37,990	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0	0	0	55,860	26,915	28,945	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	735	380	355	580	280	300	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	490	235	255
Official languages	725	375	340	580	280	300	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	455	220	235
English	370	205	170	380	190	190	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	400	190	205
French	680	355	325	575	275	300	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	315	155	165
Non-official languages	345	195	150	140	70	75	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	385	180	200
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	345	195	150	140	70	75	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	385	180	200
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	60	45	0	0	0	385,210	201,105	184,100	105	75	40
Berber languages	40	30	20	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	40	30	15	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	95	60	35	0	0	0	363,875	190,005	173,870	105	75	40
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	95	60	35	0	0	0	343,675	179,750	163,930	80	60	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	30	15	20
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	10	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	0	10	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	100	50	50	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	100	50	50	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	55	20	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	55	20	35
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	65	45	105	55	50	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	130	55	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	10	0	10
German	10	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	10	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	65	30	35
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	50	30	20
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	50	30	20
Hindi	10	10	0	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	15	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	55	45	95	45	50	684,830	324,095	360,735	40	0	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	70	35	40	15	0	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	45	20	20	65,605	33,005	32,600	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	45	25	10	55	25	30	453,905	210,400	243,505	20	0	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	20	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	65	25	40
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	65	25	40
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	45	20	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	735	380	355	580	280	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	490	235	255
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	735	380	355	580	280	300	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	490	235	250
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	735	380	355	580	280	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	490	235	255
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	735	380	355	580	280	300	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	490	235	255
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
Owner	120	...	...	160	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	105	...	...
Renter	250	...	...	145	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	70	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
Condominium	50	...	...	45	...	...	515,590	...	...	15	...	...
Not condominium	320	...	...	260	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	10	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	130	...	...	115	...	...	623,295	...	...	25	...	...
2 bedrooms	90	...	...	95	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	25	...	...
3 bedrooms	105	...	...	60	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	115	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	30	...	...	730,330	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	220	...	...	125	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	50	...	...
5 rooms	50	...	...	75	...	...	645,635	...	...	20	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	65	...	...	435,225	...	...	50	...	...
7 rooms	30	...	...	20	...	...	403,225	...	...	30	...	...
8 or more rooms	35	...	...	30	...	...	886,180	...	...	20	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	4.9	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	360	...	...	300	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	165	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
Suitable	330	...	...	285	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	165	...	...
Not suitable	40	...	...	20	...	...	142,775	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
1960 or before	175	...	...	220	...	...	879,375	...	...	15	...	...
1961 to 1980	135	...	...	55	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	140	...	...
1981 to 1990	35	...	...	0	...	...	509,120	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	15	...	...	385,315	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	20	...	...	231,930	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	320	...	...	285	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	160	...	...
Major repairs needed	50	...	...	20	...	...	236,110	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
One-maintainer household	225	...	...	170	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	100	...	...
Two-maintainer household	135	...	...	135	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	70	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	0	...	...	89,875	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
15 to 24 years	30	...	...	15	...	...	117,525	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	40	...	...	60	...	...	525,540	...	...	20	...	...
35 to 44 years	70	...	...	60	...	...	647,165	...	...	25	...	...
45 to 54 years	60	...	...	50	...	...	628,630	...	...	35	...	...
55 to 64 years	60	...	...	65	...	...	760,395	...	...	45	...	...
65 to 74 years	60	...	...	35	...	...	629,965	...	...	0	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	15	...	...	336,170	...	...	25	...	...
85 years and over	30	...	...	10	...	...	103,640	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	360	...	...	305	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	175	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	245	...	...	235	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	130	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	110	...	...	70	...	...	595,690	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	110	...	...	70	...	...	542,060	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	370	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...	105	...	...	901,440	...	...	55	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	95	...	...	75	...	...	537,090	...	...	35	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	15	...	...	112,775	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	25	...	...	15	...	...	179,840	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	205	...	...	200	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	360	...	...	305	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	170	...	...
In core need	60	...	...	0	...	...	218,275	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	295	...	...	295	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	160	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	105	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.0	...	...	56.3	...	...	62.2	...	...	52.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.0	...	...	12.5	...	...	10.0	...	...	14.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,460	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,160	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	600,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	640,000	...	...	670,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	610,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	245	...	...	145	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	70	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.4	...	...	34.5	...	...	25.2	...	...	42.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	730	...	...	800	...	...	810	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	880	...	...	886	...	...	1,120	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	735	380	350	585	285	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	495	240	250
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	40	25	20	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	40	25	20	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	40	25	20	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	725	380	350	530	250	280	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	485	240	250
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	730	385	350	585	285	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	495	240	255
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	575	290	290	525	245	280	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	435	220	220
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	55	40	85	55	35	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	115	75	40
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	480	235	250	435	195	245	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	320	140	180
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160	90	65	55	35	20	518,265	264,490	253,775	60	20	35
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	730	385	350	585	285	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	495	240	255
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	395	200	200	475	225	255	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	190	115	70
Immigrants⁸¹	295	155	140	75	45	30	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	280	110	175
Before 1980	60	20	45	15	0	10	187,200	91,895	95,300	60	25	35
1980 to 1990	15	10	0	0	0	0	124,610	61,850	62,755	30	10	15
1991 to 2000	45	25	20	0	0	0	190,495	91,635	98,860	50	20	35
2001 to 2010	45	30	10	35	20	20	312,210	150,825	161,390	85	30	60
2011 to 2021⁸²	130	70	60	10	10	0	396,090	192,745	203,340	55	20	35
2011 to 2015	65	30	40	0	0	0	193,345	93,485	99,855	55	20	35
2016 to 2021	60	35	25	10	10	0	202,740	99,260	103,480	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40	25	15	30	15	15	205,770	113,500	92,275	20	10	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	295	160	140	75	40	30	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	280	110	170
Under 5 years	25	15	10	35	10	25	112,295	56,755	55,540	10	0	10
5 to 14 years	60	40	20	0	0	0	201,385	101,555	99,835	35	0	35
15 to 24 years	30	15	20	15	15	0	213,035	96,175	116,860	60	30	30
25 to 44 years	175	85	95	30	20	10	594,845	292,975	301,875	145	65	80
45 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	30	10	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	295	160	140	75	40	30	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	280	110	170
Americas	90	45	45	15	15	0	264,885	121,740	143,145	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	80	45	30	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	10	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	0	0	0
Europe	60	25	35	35	25	10	309,015	154,110	154,910	35	15	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	30	10	15	15	10	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	10	0	10
Italy	20	0	15	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	95	55	40	0	0	0	302,010	153,655	148,355	60	30	30
Algeria	30	20	15	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	35	15	20	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	35	20	20
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	30	15	10
Asia	50	30	20	10	10	0	332,925	158,445	174,475	175	70	110
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	20	0	20
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	35	10	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	35	15	20
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	30	10	25
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	30	15	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	60	40	20	10	10	0	202,740	99,265	103,480	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	35	15	20	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	10	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	735	380	355	580	280	300	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	490	235	255
First generation¹⁰⁰	340	185	155	105	60	45	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	305	125	180
Second generation¹⁰¹	85	45	40	75	35	40	883,485	446,000	437,490	165	100	60
Third generation or more¹⁰²	310	160	150	400	190	215	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	25	10	15
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	230	135	95	60	35	20	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	220	80	135
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	175	95	80	25	25	0	559,935	290,040	269,895	75	30	40
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	75	45	35	15	15	0	267,870	161,125	106,740	25	15	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	100	55	45	10	10	0	292,070	128,915	163,155	55	20	35
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	35	25	10	35	15	15	272,255	109,735	162,515	85	20	65
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25	15	10	0	0	0	175,740	89,995	85,740	55	25	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	230	135	95	60	35	20	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	220	80	135
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	0	0	0	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	25	15	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,185	46,445	47,740	20	10	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	200	110	85	45	30	15	756,120	358,700	397,420	175	55	120
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	735	380	355	580	280	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	490	235	255
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	250	135	115	70	35	30	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	335	175	160
South Asian	10	10	0	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	100	50	50
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	60	30	35
Black	150	85	60	0	0	0	422,405	206,335	216,070	35	15	20
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	45	20	25	0	0	0	280,075	146,990	133,085	75	50	20
Latin American	10	0	10	20	15	0	172,925	85,035	87,880	15	0	10
Southeast Asian	20	0	15	10	10	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	0	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	30	15	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	485	245	240	515	245	270	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	160	70	90
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	730	380	350	580	285	300	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	495	240	255
Canadian	155	80	75	90	45	50	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	20	15	0
English	0	0	0	40	20	20	177,710	88,910	88,800	0	0	0
Irish	25	15	15	30	15	15	404,190	193,440	210,745	0	0	0
Scottish	10	0	0	25	0	20	192,685	93,120	99,565	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	115	60	55	265	135	135	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	124,305	60,295	64,010	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	10	0	10	123,985	55,730	68,255	85	45	40
Italian	70	35	40	25	10	20	316,315	157,600	158,720	0	0	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	50	30	20
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	0	0	0
Québécois	35	20	15	75	35	35	931,940	465,630	466,305	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	20	10	10	30	0	25	588,805	290,630	298,180	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	30	15	10	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15	10	0	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	15	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0
American	10	0	0	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	15	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	10	0	10	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	15	15	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	10	0	10
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	45	15	20
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	10	10	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	25	0	20
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	75	50	25
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	15	0	15	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	125	70	55	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	25	10	15	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	35	10	20
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	50	25	15	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	20	10	10	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	0	10	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	735	380	355	580	280	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	490	235	255
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	40	25	20
Christian	430	220	210	285	115	170	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	125	40	80
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	85	35	45	15	0	10	464,020	229,155	234,860	35	15	25
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0
Catholic	265	120	145	270	105	160	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	40	15	20
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,805	70,840	74,965	30	10	25
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	55	40	15	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	15	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	95	45	45
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	95	45	50
Muslim	120	60	55	0	0	0	421,710	218,255	203,455	75	50	20
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	155	85	75	280	165	120	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	65	35	35
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	720	370	350	585	285	300	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	475	225	250
Non-movers	620	320	305	495	240	255	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	435	215	220
Movers	100	55	40	85	45	40	945,290	466,750	478,540	35	10	30
Non-migrants	50	25	30	60	30	30	543,670	268,740	274,925	30	10	20
Migrants	45	35	15	20	15	10	401,625	198,010	203,615	0	0	0
Internal migrants	20	15	10	10	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	15	0	10	10	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0
External migrants	25	15	0	15	10	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	690	360	340	570	270	295	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	455	210	240
Non-movers	300	135	165	325	150	175	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	325	150	180
Movers	390	220	175	245	120	125	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	125	60	70
Non-migrants	195	95	95	155	70	75	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	75	35	35
Migrants	200	125	80	90	45	50	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	50	25	30
Internal migrants	110	65	45	40	20	20	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	20	0	15
Intraprovincial migrants	110	65	45	40	20	20	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	20	0	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	0	0	0
External migrants	90	60	25	50	25	25	320,090	166,115	153,975	35	20	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	620	315	305	505	230	270	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	380	165	220
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	40	75	55	40	10	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	65	25	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	505	275	235	450	190	260	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	320	140	185
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	395	215	185	365	165	200	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	240	100	140
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	25	40	20	20	0	642,800	382,415	260,380	45	20	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	330	185	145	345	145	200	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	195	75	120
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	625	315	310	505	235	275	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	385	170	220
No certificate, diploma or degree	110	40	70	45	35	10	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	60	30	30
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	55	65	80	40	40	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	75	35	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	395	220	175	380	160	220	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	250	100	145
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	250	135	115	130	55	75	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	125	60	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	40	30	30	25	10	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	40	20	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	25	30	20	10	10	793,030	427,220	365,815	25	15	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	15	0	10	10	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	15	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	110	60	50	60	25	35	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	80	35	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	30	30	40	10	35	252,815	102,150	150,665	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	145	80	60	245	105	145	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	130	45	85
Bachelor's degree	95	55	35	115	50	65	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	85	20	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	10	25	15	10	149,425	66,595	82,825	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	20	15	85	40	45	360,795	174,150	186,645	35	10	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	15	0	15	63,270	36,320	26,955	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	400	210	185	370	165	205	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	240	95	145
No certificate, diploma or degree	65	25	40	15	15	0	525,155	303,815	221,345	40	20	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	40	25	45	25	25	752,855	388,160	364,700	30	15	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	270	145	125	305	125	185	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	175	60	110
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	160	90	75	100	40	60	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	70	30	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	35	10	30	20	0	836,455	498,385	338,075	25	15	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	25	10	10	10	0	609,895	319,470	290,425	20	10	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	10	0	15	15	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	30	45	45	15	30	838,140	372,455	465,685	40	15	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45	20	25	30	0	25	174,695	72,115	102,580	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	105	55	50	205	85	120	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	100	35	70
Bachelor's degree	55	30	25	90	35	55	802,755	343,100	459,650	60	15	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	25	15	15	119,460	50,155	69,310	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	25	10	15	60	30	35	302,065	140,530	161,530	30	10	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	20	0	20	49,500	26,520	22,985	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	625	315	310	500	235	270	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	385	165	215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	230	95	135	125	75	50	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	130	65	70
Education	45	35	15	25	0	25	292,470	65,830	226,640	10	0	10
13. Education	45	35	15	25	0	25	292,470	65,830	226,640	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	0	40	30	10	166,900	75,420	91,480	15	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	0	40	30	10	143,365	58,875	84,490	15	0	10
Humanities	15	10	0	15	10	0	228,770	90,810	137,960	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	75	40	30	60	15	40	430,845	142,280	288,570	25	0	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	15	10	0	10	0	10	77,880	29,725	48,160	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	0	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	25	20	0	25	15	10	134,510	67,065	67,440	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	60	30	25	90	25	60	950,820	357,290	593,535	60	15	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	10	0	10	55,355	12,215	43,145	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	30	25	80	25	55	894,690	344,770	549,925	50	15	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	15	25	15	15	158,655	83,605	75,050	15	15	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	15	0	10	57,680	23,925	33,755	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	10	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	15	25	15	0	15	177,780	124,955	52,825	25	10	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	10	15	0	0	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	10	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	40	10	40	35	0	866,885	778,835	88,060	55	35	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	15	0	15
14. Engineering	10	10	0	10	10	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	20	15	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	10	10	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	0	40	50	20	35	515,215	101,455	413,760	30	10	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	40	40	10	30	470,150	78,875	391,275	25	10	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	20	0	10	10	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	15	0	0	0	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	10	10	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	395	215	185	365	165	200	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	235	95	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	130	65	60	60	40	20	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	65	35	30
Education	30	15	10	10	0	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0
13. Education	30	15	10	10	0	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	40	25	10	129,065	58,170	70,895	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	40	25	10	110,860	45,555	65,305	10	0	10
Humanities	10	0	10	20	10	0	144,140	56,410	87,730	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	50	20	30	50	15	35	334,475	103,635	230,840	20	0	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	15	10	0	10	0	10	59,965	20,645	39,325	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	20	10	10	101,105	49,385	51,720	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	40	25	15	75	20	50	741,390	268,705	472,685	50	10	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	25	15	60	20	45	697,775	259,725	438,045	35	10	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	15	0	10	102,055	53,195	48,865	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	10	10	15	0	15	147,350	104,880	42,465	25	10	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	10	10	0	0	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	35	10	40	40	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	35	10	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	15	0	15
14. Engineering	10	10	0	10	10	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	15	0	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	10	10	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	0	25	45	10	30	387,725	74,730	312,995	15	10	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	35	10	25	352,905	58,735	294,170	10	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	20	0	0	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	15	0	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	395	215	185	365	165	200	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	235	95	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130	65	60	60	40	20	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	65	35	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	265	145	125	310	125	180	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	170	60	110
Location of study inside Canada	205	105	100	280	110	170	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	115	45	65
Same as province or territory of residence	205	105	100	260	110	150	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	110	45	65
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	20	0	15	116,855	57,870	58,990	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	60	35	25	25	10	10	414,490	209,160	205,330	60	20	45
Americas	15	15	0	0	0	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	15	15	0	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	15	10	0	25	10	10	138,260	74,045	64,210	10	0	10
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	25	10	10	77,225	43,085	34,135	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	30	20	15	0	0	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	20	10	0	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	10	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	45	20	30
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	20	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	15	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	625	315	310	505	235	275	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	385	170	220
In the labour force	385	195	195	375	165	205	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	220	100	120
Employed	340	175	165	345	160	185	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	205	95	110
Unemployed	50	25	30	25	10	20	335,015	176,245	158,775	20	10	10
Not in the labour force	235	120	115	130	65	65	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	160	60	100
Participation rate	61.6	61.9	62.9	74.3	70.2	74.5	64.1	67.4	60.9	57.1	58.8	54.5
Employment rate	54.4	55.6	53.2	68.3	68.1	67.3	59.3	62.3	56.3	53.2	55.9	50.0
Unemployment rate	13.0	12.8	15.4	6.7	6.1	9.8	7.6	7.7	7.4	9.1	10.0	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	625	315	310	500	235	270	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	385	165	215
Did not work¹⁸⁶	240	105	135	140	75	65	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	165	75	85
Worked	380	205	175	360	155	205	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	220	90	130
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	185	105	75	155	60	95	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	95	45	55
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	200	100	95	205	95	110	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	115	50	75
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3	39.8	38.6	40.2	41.6	39.2	41.3	41.7	40.8	41.0	45.2	38.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	390	195	190	370	170	205	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	220	105	115
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	20	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	370	195	175	370	170	205	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	210	95	115
Employee	320	175	145	320	130	185	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	175	65	110
Permanent position	275	155	120	240	95	140	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	130	50	85
Temporary position	50	20	25	85	40	45	623,510	296,655	326,850	45	15	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	10	10	40	10	30	217,905	94,210	123,700	25	0	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	10	20	45	30	15	405,605	202,450	203,155	15	10	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	50	20	30	50	35	15	530,720	324,555	206,165	40	30	0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	390	195	190	370	170	205	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	220	105	115
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	20	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	370	195	175	370	170	205	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	210	95	115
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	10	10	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	30	35	50	10	40	778,905	256,150	522,760	55	25	35
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	10	0	35	25	10	360,495	272,510	87,985	25	15	10
3 Health occupations	35	0	35	35	0	25	359,665	70,075	289,590	0	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	60	25	30	80	20	60	558,725	166,020	392,700	30	0	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	60	35	30	146,560	72,400	74,165	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	105	55	45	75	35	35	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	60	30	25
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	60	50	10	30	30	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	0	0	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	10	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	30	20	20	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	25	10	20
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	390	195	190	370	170	205	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	220	105	115
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	20	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	370	195	175	370	170	205	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	210	95	115
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	10	10	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	45	30	20	10	10	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	55	35	25
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	0	0	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	50	25	20	30	10	20	514,090	248,905	265,185	30	10	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	30	15	15	0	0	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	30	15	20	94,130	57,495	36,630	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	0	15	10	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	10	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	10	10	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	10	10	45	30	20	345,345	193,365	151,985	40	15	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	25	10	0	0	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	10	0	10
61 Educational services	50	25	25	35	0	30	340,885	104,300	236,590	10	0	10
62 Health care and social assistance	60	15	50	60	10	50	617,200	122,675	494,525	25	10	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	30	10	20	72,700	38,810	33,890	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	20	10	15	30	20	15	232,480	109,950	122,530	10	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	10	10	30	0	20	190,470	89,730	100,735	0	0	0
91 Public administration	15	15	0	20	10	10	290,765	144,705	146,055	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	415	225	190	395	175	215	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	250	105	140
English	25	15	0	20	0	20	350,525	195,385	155,145	85	40	40
French	270	155	120	220	115	105	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	50	10	40
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	115	55	60	135	60	75	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	80	35	45
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	0	15	52,970	26,700	26,265	25	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	415	225	190	395	175	215	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	250	105	140
Single responses	385	215	170	360	165	195	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	230	90	135
Official languages	385	215	170	360	165	195	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	215	90	130
English	50	35	10	40	0	35	668,485	365,785	302,695	135	55	85
French	335	180	160	320	160	160	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	85	35	50
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	15	0	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	15	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	10	20	30	15	20	269,365	142,370	126,995	15	10	0
English and French	30	10	20	30	15	20	249,945	132,640	117,300	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	415	225	190	395	175	215	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	250	105	140
None	330	175	150	270	125	140	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	150	65	85
English	70	30	35	95	40	50	720,960	391,075	329,885	25	15	10
French	20	15	0	10	0	10	302,145	161,340	140,805	45	15	30
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	15	15	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	340	175	165	340	160	185	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	200	95	110
Worked at home	45	15	30	105	45	60	897,770	435,285	462,480	40	20	20
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	45	30	20	35	35	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	10	10	0
Usual place of work	250	135	115	205	80	120	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	150	60	85
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	250	130	115	205	75	120	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	150	60	85
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	180	90	90	175	65	105	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	125	50	70
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	15	0	10	0	0	419,210	203,335	215,875	25	0	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	50	30	20	20	0	10	823,150	442,385	380,765	10	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	290	160	130	240	115	125	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	160	70	90
Car, truck or van	200	115	80	80	55	25	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	105	60	50
Car, truck or van - as a driver	185	115	75	80	55	25	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	85	60	35
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	10	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	15	0	15
Public transit	50	20	30	80	15	60	287,345	120,460	166,885	45	10	35
Walked	35	20	15	50	35	20	178,645	78,570	100,075	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	25	10	15	40,420	26,585	13,835	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	290	160	130	240	115	125	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	160	70	90
Less than 15 minutes	55	20	35	30	25	15	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	35	15	20
15 to 29 minutes	110	60	50	40	20	20	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	60	40	20
30 to 44 minutes	80	55	30	105	40	60	635,870	363,430	272,445	40	10	25
45 to 59 minutes	25	15	10	45	15	25	235,140	133,720	101,425	15	0	15
60 minutes and over	25	15	10	20	10	0	206,480	126,635	79,840	10	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	290	160	130	240	115	125	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	160	70	90
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	30	30	0	15	15	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	35	20	15	55	30	25	569,745	368,480	201,265	30	10	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	55	15	45	40	10	25	935,640	441,465	494,170	60	15	50
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	50	40	15	50	20	30	626,895	259,220	367,675	30	20	0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55	20	35	25	0	20	330,930	142,495	188,435	20	15	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	65	35	25	50	25	25	489,685	284,160	205,530	20	15	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	135	75	65	95	50	45	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	85	50	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	5	0	0	303,835	156,030	147,805	20	15	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	130	70	60	95	45	40	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	65	40	20
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	90	50	45	65	35	35	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	60	35	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	0	0	0	230,080	118,075	112,005	20	10	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	0	0	0	175,305	90,000	85,305	15	10	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	45	40	65	35	35	992,895	508,315	484,580	40	25	15

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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