Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662669More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660670More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24660187More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	699	...	...	746	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	537	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	397	...	...	277	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	212	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	364	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	198	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8,514.0	...	...	31,880.3	...	...	6.5	...	...	9,055.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.08	...	...	0.02	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.06	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	700	345	355	745	370	380	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	535	260	280
0 to 14 years	120	65	55	170	100	70	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	125	70	60
0 to 4 years	40	20	15	50	35	15	422,980	217,145	205,840	45	25	20
5 to 9 years	50	30	20	70	35	35	478,955	245,295	233,665	35	15	15
10 to 14 years	35	15	15	50	30	20	489,425	250,855	238,570	55	20	30
15 to 64 years	450	235	215	525	255	270	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	335	155	180
15 to 19 years	25	5	20	60	40	25	429,400	219,400	209,995	40	10	25
20 to 24 years	45	20	20	60	30	25	460,660	235,250	225,405	30	25	10
25 to 29 years	45	20	25	60	35	25	527,150	266,455	260,700	35	10	25
30 to 34 years	55	25	30	60	30	35	536,040	267,770	268,270	35	15	20
35 to 39 years	50	25	30	50	20	30	550,425	274,350	276,075	30	15	15
40 to 44 years	60	40	20	60	25	40	572,565	286,405	286,160	40	20	25
45 to 49 years	40	20	15	70	30	35	516,465	259,565	256,905	35	15	15
50 to 54 years	40	20	15	40	20	20	522,935	262,610	260,325	35	15	20
55 to 59 years	40	20	20	35	15	15	615,690	307,230	308,465	35	20	15
60 to 64 years	55	30	30	35	15	20	625,610	307,710	317,900	25	15	10
65 years and over	125	45	80	50	15	30	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	70	35	35
65 to 69 years	40	15	25	15	5	10	541,970	264,020	277,950	25	10	15
70 to 74 years	30	10	20	10	0	5	455,900	217,985	237,910	25	15	5
75 to 79 years	30	10	20	10	0	5	330,840	153,790	177,050	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	15	5	10	5	0	5	210,405	90,825	119,580	5	5	5
85 years and over	15	0	10	5	0	5	214,415	75,305	139,115	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	5	0	5	131,755	50,610	81,150	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	0	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.1	18.8	15.5	22.8	27.0	18.4	16.4	17.0	15.8	23.4	26.9	21.4
15 to 64 years	64.3	68.1	60.6	70.5	68.9	71.1	63.0	63.9	62.1	62.6	59.6	64.3
65 years and over	17.9	13.0	22.5	6.7	4.1	7.9	20.6	19.1	22.1	13.1	13.5	12.5
85 years and over	2.1	0.0	2.8	0.7	0.0	1.3	2.5	1.8	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	41.2	39.2	43.2	33.3	30.2	36.4	42.8	41.8	43.7	36.1	36.2	36.0
Median age of the population	40.8	40.8	41.6	32.0	28.0	36.8	43.2	42.0	44.0	35.2	36.8	34.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	360	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	200	...	...
Single-detached house	10	...	...	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	98,625	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...	0	...	...	271,245	...	...	90	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	310	...	...	265	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	105	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	365	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	195	...	...
1 person	185	...	...	75	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	60	...	...
2 persons	105	...	...	65	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	45	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	45	...	...	480,135	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	45	...	...	427,605	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	40	...	...	228,060	...	...	30	...	...
Number of persons in private households	700	345	355	745	365	375	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	535	260	280
Average household size	1.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	575	275	300	580	265	310	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	410	190	215
Married or living common-law	255	130	125	310	150	160	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	215	110	110
Married	175	95	80	285	135	150	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	160	80	80
Living common-law	80	40	40	25	15	15	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	55	25	25
Living common law - Never married	65	35	30	20	5	10	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	45	25	25
Living common law - Separated	5	0	5	5	5	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	0	0	0	261,885	135,520	126,370	5	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	320	145	180	265	120	145	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	195	85	110
Not married and not living common law - Never married	220	110	105	205	100	105	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	145	70	70
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	15	5	10	106,275	48,095	58,175	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	65	25	40	30	10	15	494,210	197,455	296,755	30	5	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	25	20	0	15	380,100	89,515	290,580	15	0	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	160	...	...	170	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	130	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	60	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	40	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	35	...	...	454,980	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	45	...	...	412,850	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	35	...	...	187,600	...	...	25	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.5	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	2.1	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	170	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	130	...	...
Total couple families	125	...	...	135	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	105	...	...
Married couples	80	...	...	125	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	75	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	95	...	...	502,020	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	30	...	...	609,605	...	...	25	...	...
Common-law couples	40	...	...	10	...	...	828,005	...	...	30	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	5	...	...	401,885	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	5	...	...	426,120	...	...	0	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	30	...	...	383,775	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	30	...	...	25	...	...	284,025	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	99,755	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	700	340	355	745	365	375	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	535	260	280
Total - Persons in census families	460	225	240	590	300	290	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	445	215	230
Married spouses or common-law partners	245	125	125	280	140	140	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	210	105	105
Parents in one-parent families	35	5	30	30	0	30	383,780	99,755	284,020	30	5	25
Children⁶	180	100	85	275	155	125	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	205	105	105
In a two-parent family	130	70	60	240	135	105	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	160	80	75
In a one-parent family	50	25	25	40	20	20	585,820	317,400	268,415	50	25	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	240	120	115	160	70	85	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	90	45	45
Living alone	190	90	95	70	25	45	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	60	30	30
Living with other relatives⁷	20	10	10	30	10	20	165,070	74,060	91,005	20	10	10
Living with non-relatives only	30	25	10	60	30	25	268,810	158,325	110,485	5	0	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	365	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	195	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	150	...	...	145	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	115	...	...
Couple-family households	120	...	...	120	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	95	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	90	...	...	851,835	...	...	70	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	30	...	...	982,260	...	...	25	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	25	...	...	331,395	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	10	...	...	50,790	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	10	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	30	...	...	139,280	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	185	...	...	70	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	60	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	580	280	300	575	270	305	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	410	190	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	550	260	290	530	240	290	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	395	190	215
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,000	32,000	32,800	30,600	40,800	44,800	37,200	40,000	40,800	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	550	260	290	530	240	290	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	395	190	215
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	34,400	30,400	29,200	29,800	28,400	36,400	39,200	33,600	35,200	35,600	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	480	230	250	460	220	240	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	350	165	185
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	36,800	23,200	20,400	26,000	16,400	33,600	39,600	28,000	29,600	34,400	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	200	190	430	215	215	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	300	140	160
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	36,400	25,000	21,200	26,000	17,400	36,000	40,400	31,600	31,200	36,800	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	495	230	270	500	225	275	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	340	150	190
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,100	13,100	10,000	6,750	14,000	11,500	10,200	12,300	12,000	10,500	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55	30	25	85	40	45	837,635	441,080	396,550	55	15	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600	5,480	4,840	4,640	5,000	5,520	5,520	5,600	6,000	x	6,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	185	100	80	275	135	135	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	135	70	65
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,500	8,000	10,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	7,500	7,500	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	625	315	310	545	220	325	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	420	195	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	585	285	300	510	215	300	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	410	195	215
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	40,800	36,800	35,000	31,800	37,200	51,160	57,550	44,960	39,200	40,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	585	285	300	510	215	300	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	410	195	215
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,600	31,800	31,400	28,600	33,200	41,840	45,760	38,000	34,600	35,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	515	250	265	425	195	230	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	330	150	175
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,400	28,000	25,800	23,600	27,600	45,480	52,900	38,000	32,000	37,500	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	210	190	400	190	215	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	275	135	140
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,400	37,200	33,600	25,800	24,000	27,200	46,240	51,950	40,040	32,800	35,000	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	510	250	265	495	205	290	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	370	170	205
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,800	13,200	14,100	10,300	16,800	12,410	11,500	13,220	14,750	13,600	15,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30	20	0	80	45	40	837,180	441,665	395,515	40	0	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,000	...	5,900	6,400	5,200	7,040	6,380	7,780	7,600	...	7,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	170	100	70	265	145	125	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	145	70	75
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,600	10,000	10,100	9,000	11,400	8,130	7,910	8,390	9,400	10,800	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	620	315	305	545	220	325	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	415	195	220
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	180	110	70	155	65	90	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	130	65	65
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,000	44,800	39,600	33,600	38,000	31,400	58,400	62,800	53,600	46,800	46,800	42,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,600	52,000	50,000	41,000	40,000	42,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	48,000	52,000	44,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	175	85	90	200	100	95	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	95	35	55
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	15,900	24,000	12,700	14,900	7,500	18,600	21,400	16,600	17,000	17,600	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	22,400	22,800	15,600	16,400	15,000	28,160	32,120	24,360	19,600	22,000	18,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.0	77.0	68.0	60.8	69.0	56.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	65.5	72.0	60.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.6	66.0	57.0	57.6	67.0	52.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	56.0	60.0	52.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.2	22.4	32.0	39.2	31.2	44.0	20.1	15.8	25.6	34.4	28.8	39.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.8	x	2.7	4.0	1.8	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.9	x	2.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.4	7.2	7.6	17.0	20.4	14.8	5.4	4.8	6.1	9.8	10.0	9.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.5	6.6	6.4	15.2	19.0	12.8	4.6	4.3	5.1	8.4	9.0	8.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	575	275	300	580	265	310	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	410	190	215
Without total income	25	15	10	45	25	20	179,955	87,650	92,310	15	5	5
With total income	555	260	295	530	245	285	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	400	185	210
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	20	35	45	30	20	462,400	204,245	258,155	35	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	75	35	40	80	25	55	809,375	334,315	475,065	50	25	30
$20,000 to $29,999	105	50	60	115	50	70	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	60	30	30
$30,000 to $39,999	90	35	55	130	75	60	896,520	414,070	482,445	60	25	30
$40,000 to $49,999	70	45	30	85	40	45	849,005	411,680	437,325	65	30	35
$50,000 to $59,999	45	20	20	35	15	15	687,020	345,720	341,305	45	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	45	25	25	15	10	5	503,110	271,695	231,415	35	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	15	10	5	5	367,455	208,475	158,980	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	0	0	0	284,690	158,760	125,930	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	0	0	0	198,140	112,355	85,780	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	25	15	5	5	0	5	556,780	365,700	191,080	10	5	0
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	5	5	0	5	385,890	245,635	140,260	5	0	0
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	0	0	0	170,890	120,065	50,820	5	5	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	575	275	300	580	265	310	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	410	190	215
Without after-tax income	25	15	10	45	25	20	177,960	86,610	91,355	15	5	5
With after-tax income	555	260	295	530	245	285	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	400	185	210
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	20	35	45	30	20	495,035	214,000	281,030	35	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	80	35	45	85	30	55	853,250	356,480	496,765	50	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	115	50	65	145	65	80	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	80	35	45
$30,000 to $39,999	115	50	60	150	80	70	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	70	40	35
$40,000 to $49,999	70	40	30	65	30	35	994,235	505,970	488,265	65	30	40
$50,000 to $59,999	50	30	20	15	5	10	691,015	372,870	318,145	45	15	25
$60,000 to $69,999	35	15	15	15	5	10	459,665	251,490	208,170	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	5	5	0	5	292,135	160,985	131,150	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	5	0	0	0	174,905	104,610	70,295	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	0	0	0	229,765	156,750	73,020	5	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	119,125	78,615	40,515	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	10	5	0	0	0	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	575	275	300	580	265	310	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	410	190	215
Without employment income	190	75	110	150	55	90	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	110	50	55
With employment income	385	205	185	430	210	215	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	300	140	160
Under $5,000 (including loss)	60	25	35	60	30	30	644,075	331,770	312,300	45	15	25
$5,000 to $9,999	45	20	25	60	20	40	401,185	180,585	220,595	35	15	20
$10,000 to $19,999	45	25	25	80	35	45	603,350	273,725	329,620	40	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	40	15	25	85	45	35	495,105	228,670	266,435	30	15	20
$30,000 to $39,999	55	30	25	80	50	35	488,000	239,620	248,380	40	20	25
$40,000 to $49,999	45	30	15	25	20	10	485,845	242,230	243,610	35	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	10	15	10	10	403,980	217,425	186,560	25	20	10
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	5	5	5	0	320,700	184,770	135,935	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	5	5	0	0	250,635	147,020	103,615	10	0	5
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	0	0	0	218,100	120,085	98,020	10	0	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	0	0	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	10	0	0
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	0	0	0	422,055	285,910	136,145	5	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	0	0	0	205,085	133,500	71,585	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	0	0	0	216,965	152,410	64,555	5	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	580	280	300	575	270	305	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	410	190	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	545	265	285	505	235	275	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	385	185	200
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,000	28,600	26,000	28,600	25,200	38,400	43,200	34,000	35,600	37,600	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	545	265	285	505	235	275	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	385	185	200
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,000	27,000	24,800	26,200	23,400	34,000	37,600	30,600	32,000	33,600	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	230	240	440	215	230	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	340	165	175
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	38,400	24,600	22,800	26,200	19,200	34,800	40,400	29,200	29,600	35,200	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	375	200	175	410	200	210	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	285	135	150
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,200	26,400	23,400	26,200	20,000	36,400	41,200	31,800	30,800	37,600	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	210	250	435	190	245	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	310	145	170
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	4,000	10,800	2,840	1,720	7,300	7,800	5,640	9,100	7,650	3,760	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	65	40	25	45	20	25	727,165	390,255	336,910	55	25	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	5,560	10,300	5,120	4,800	5,680	5,000	4,760	5,280	5,160	3,800	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	625	315	310	545	220	325	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	420	195	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	580	295	290	505	215	290	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	400	190	215
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,800	33,600	27,700	26,800	28,400	48,600	55,500	41,880	36,400	38,400	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	580	295	290	505	215	290	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	400	190	215
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	33,200	29,600	25,400	24,000	26,200	39,600	44,000	35,320	32,400	33,200	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	520	260	255	410	180	230	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	345	155	185
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,200	36,400	28,400	25,200	27,400	23,400	45,920	53,800	37,920	30,700	36,000	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	400	220	185	385	180	210	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	285	135	145
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,200	36,800	31,000	25,600	27,400	24,000	46,240	52,450	39,520	32,400	37,000	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	500	230	265	455	180	280	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	360	155	205
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,680	7,950	9,300	8,080	3,960	10,800	9,450	8,430	10,320	11,240	9,600	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65	50	0	45	25	25	727,815	390,880	336,935	35	0	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	5,400	...	5,600	6,800	4,000	7,020	5,975	8,230	8,000	...	7,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	620	315	305	545	220	325	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	415	195	220
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	110	70	160	65	90	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	130	65	65
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	42,800	42,800	38,000	33,200	39,200	26,800	54,800	60,000	49,200	44,000	46,000	42,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	46,800	48,000	46,000	36,500	40,000	34,500	65,400	72,900	56,600	46,000	50,000	42,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	165	85	85	175	95	80	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	85	30	55
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	24,000	22,600	20,000	23,200	11,100	23,600	27,200	21,000	17,600	x	17,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	30,400	23,600	19,600	21,600	17,600	33,000	37,800	28,360	22,400	28,000	19,500
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.5	84.0	75.0	73.5	88.0	64.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	72.5	80.0	66.0
Employment income (%)	65.5	71.0	59.0	71.0	86.0	61.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	63.0	70.0	56.0
Government transfers (%)	20.4	16.4	25.2	26.4	12.6	36.0	14.9	10.8	20.2	27.6	21.0	34.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.4	x	2.0	3.2	1.2	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.8	x	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	365	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	195	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	58,400	...	...	72,500	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	54,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	185	...	...	70	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	31,000	...	...	38,800	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...	28,400	...	...	34,400	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	180	...	...	195	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	72,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	83,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,400	...	...	67,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	60,000	...	...	75,200	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	90	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	35,500	...	...	47,680	...	...	52,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	30,400	...	...	39,640	...	...	43,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	200	...	...	175	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	365	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	200	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	10	...	...	35,920	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	52,080	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	82,470	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	218,185	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	144,420	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	143,285	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	172,005	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	174,790	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	166,990	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	25	...	...	310,880	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	280,505	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	255,770	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	235,235	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	208,320	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	45	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	414,805	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	282,590	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	307,835	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	10	...	...	239,060	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	365	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	200	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	10	...	...	40,590	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	53,600	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	87,695	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	234,875	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	15	...	...	177,135	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	180,150	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	20	...	...	213,760	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	210,280	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	193,530	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	356,325	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	35	...	...	322,530	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	289,580	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	254,885	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	216,370	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	35	...	...	892,775	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	387,835	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	225,830	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	5	...	...	279,105	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	165	...	...	175	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	130	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	71,500	...	...	98,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	65,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.5	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	30	...	...	991,710	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	58,800	...	...	84,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	54,800	...	...	72,500	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	100	...	...	907,765	...	...	80	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	77,500	...	...	110,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.5	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	30	...	...	368,845	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	46,800	...	...	69,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	44,000	...	...	61,600	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	215	110	105	130	60	70	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	70	35	35
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	36,000	30,800	29,800	29,400	30,000	36,800	39,200	34,800	44,400	49,600	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,200	30,600	28,800	27,200	27,400	27,200	33,200	34,800	31,600	38,800	40,000	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	190	...	...	160	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	130	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	78,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	35	...	...	992,110	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	52,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	52,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	105	...	...	909,160	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	30	...	...	367,155	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	205	120	90	120	35	85	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	85	30	60
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,000	32,500	33,500	30,000	35,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	52,000	68,000	44,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,200	28,000	26,000	28,400	26,000	29,200	38,040	39,400	36,640	43,000	52,000	38,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	700	345	355	750	370	380	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	535	260	280
0 to 17 years	135	70	65	210	125	90	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	150	75	75
0 to 5 years	50	25	20	70	40	30	515,725	264,785	250,935	50	30	25
18 to 64 years	435	230	210	490	230	255	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	315	145	170
65 years and over	125	45	85	45	15	30	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	70	30	35
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	175	85	90	155	80	80	992,235	463,295	528,940	55	35	25
0 to 17 years	30	20	15	45	30	15	159,530	82,000	77,530	20	10	10
0 to 5 years	10	5	10	20	15	5	53,105	27,240	25,870	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	115	55	55	90	45	50	515,470	256,435	259,035	30	20	15
65 years and over	30	10	20	20	5	15	317,235	124,865	192,370	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	25.0	24.0	26.0	20.8	21.0	20.0	11.9	11.2	12.7	10.8	13.0	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	24.0	24.0	20.0	21.0	24.0	18.0	9.7	9.7	9.7	12.0	14.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	28.0	20.0	30.0	24.0	32.0	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	24.0	25.0	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	25.2	25.0	26.0	18.8	18.5	18.5	10.2	10.1	10.2	9.0	12.0	7.0
65 years and over (%)	26.0	20.0	30.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	14.0	16.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	700	340	355	745	365	375	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	535	260	280
0 to 17 years	135	70	65	210	120	90	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	155	80	75
0 to 5 years	45	25	25	70	45	30	511,400	262,535	248,860	55	30	20
18 to 64 years	440	230	210	490	230	255	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	315	150	165
65 years and over	125	45	80	50	15	35	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	70	35	35
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	120	60	60	105	55	55	439,850	223,055	216,795	25	20	10
0 to 17 years	20	10	5	25	15	10	61,665	31,610	30,060	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	10	5	5	19,815	10,190	9,630	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	80	45	35	70	35	30	313,970	167,015	146,955	15	10	5
65 years and over	15	5	15	10	0	10	64,210	24,430	39,780	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	17.2	17.5	16.5	14.2	14.8	13.6	5.3	5.4	5.2	4.8	6.0	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	15.0	16.0	12.0	13.0	14.0	12.0	3.8	3.8	3.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0	x	25.0	12.0	12.0	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	18.8	20.0	17.0	13.6	16.0	12.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	5.0	7.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	14.0	x	18.0	28.0	x	32.0	4.0	3.3	4.7	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	700	345	355	745	370	375	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	535	260	280
In bottom half of the distribution	525	255	270	610	295	315	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	330	155	170
In bottom decile	150	75	75	150	70	80	851,840	407,705	444,140	55	30	25
In second decile	100	40	55	120	60	60	920,490	434,730	485,760	45	25	25
In third decile	105	55	50	175	85	90	969,255	471,650	497,600	90	45	45
In fourth decile	70	35	30	95	40	50	978,345	482,760	495,590	65	30	35
In fifth decile	105	45	55	70	30	35	947,090	473,285	473,810	70	30	40
In top half of the distribution	175	95	85	135	75	60	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	210	105	105
In sixth decile	40	20	20	70	40	35	899,660	454,970	444,690	85	35	50
In seventh decile	50	30	25	25	15	10	837,225	425,400	411,830	65	40	25
In eighth decile	25	10	10	0	0	0	752,410	383,450	368,955	20	10	10
In ninth decile	35	20	15	15	5	10	634,425	325,700	308,730	35	20	15
In top decile	20	10	10	0	0	0	517,725	267,160	250,565	5	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	700	...	...	745	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	535	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.347	...	...	0.255	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.238	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.511	...	...	0.431	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.382	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.305	...	...	0.235	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.213	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.3	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.4	...	...	2.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	700	340	355	745	365	375	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	535	255	280
English only	20	20	5	465	215	245	445,575	228,840	216,735	10	0	5
French only	360	165	190	30	20	10	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	280	135	140
English and French	315	160	155	230	115	110	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	250	115	130
Neither English nor French	10	0	5	20	10	5	82,075	35,200	46,875	5	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	700	340	355	745	365	375	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	535	255	280
English	65	40	20	590	280	310	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	35	15	20
French	595	280	315	75	45	30	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	445	215	230
English and French	30	20	15	60	40	25	329,515	169,050	160,465	50	25	25
Neither English nor French	10	0	5	20	10	5	79,000	33,590	45,410	5	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	700	340	355	745	365	375	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	535	255	280
Single responses	665	325	345	645	320	325	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	480	230	250
Official languages	430	205	225	230	115	110	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	295	140	150
English	30	15	10	180	90	90	639,365	323,170	316,195	20	5	10
French	400	185	215	50	30	25	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	280	135	140
Non-official languages	240	115	120	410	200	210	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	185	90	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	240	115	120	410	200	210	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	185	90	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40	5	5	5	233,220	122,895	110,320	70	35	40
Berber languages	35	15	20	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	25	15	10
Kabyle	35	15	20	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	25	15	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	5	0	5	204,600	107,735	96,865	55	25	35
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	20	0	0	0	198,785	104,765	94,020	55	25	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	5	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	10	5	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	5	5	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	235	90	145	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5	5	5	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	35	15	20	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	180	65	115	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	55	20	30	5	5	5	62,640	28,375	34,265	55	25	35
Haitian Creole	40	15	20	5	5	5	46,475	20,690	25,785	50	15	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	10	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	50	35	15	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	35	20	10	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	10	5	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	5	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	35	45	95	60	30	595,790	290,670	305,115	50	25	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	5	0	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	68,295	30,855	37,435	5	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	67,565	30,570	36,995	5	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	65	40	25	101,450	52,780	48,665	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	65	40	25	63,025	33,465	29,555	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	35	20	15	12,140	6,220	5,920	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	5	5	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	5	5	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	20	10	10	23,825	12,975	10,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	25	45	20	15	5	346,000	167,870	178,130	35	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20	0	0	0	90,940	44,080	46,865	10	5	5
Portuguese	5	0	5	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	0	0	0
Spanish	30	10	20	20	15	5	177,155	86,490	90,660	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	5	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	87,540	40,170	47,375	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	87,155	39,990	47,160	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	5	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	5	5	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	20	10	105	45	55	308,550	155,455	153,095	55	25	30
English and French	5	5	0	10	5	5	126,405	64,585	61,820	10	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	80	35	45	49,485	24,660	24,825	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0	0	0	94,205	46,880	47,320	35	15	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	5	5	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	700	340	355	745	365	375	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	535	255	280
English	25	15	10	175	90	85	623,305	313,780	309,520	15	10	10
French	400	195	210	30	20	10	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	250	125	125
Non-official language	40	15	25	115	60	55	366,730	177,410	189,315	45	15	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	15	25	115	60	55	343,650	165,830	177,825	45	15	30
English and French	40	20	20	45	25	20	497,380	256,735	240,645	30	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	300	130	170	205,755	102,290	103,470	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	140	65	70	15	10	5	375,795	179,585	196,210	120	55	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	60	30	30	284,940	141,275	143,665	70	35	35
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	10	5	5	20,125	9,545	10,585	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	700	340	355	745	365	375	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	535	255	280
Single responses	640	315	330	650	330	320	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	465	225	240
Official languages	535	260	270	340	180	165	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	365	185	185
English	40	30	15	305	155	150	874,185	438,570	435,615	30	15	15
French	490	235	255	40	20	15	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	335	165	170
Non-official languages	105	50	60	310	150	160	662,615	322,860	339,750	95	40	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	105	50	60	310	150	160	628,365	305,820	322,555	95	40	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0	5	5	116,685	59,645	57,040	45	20	25
Berber languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	10	5	5
Kabyle	15	10	10	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	10	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	15	10	5	0	5	104,890	53,505	51,380	35	15	20
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	20	15	10	0	0	0	102,120	52,125	49,990	35	15	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	155	55	100	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	130	45	85	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	5	10	5	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	20	5	15
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	10	5	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	15	5	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	40	25	15	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	30	20	15	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	5	5	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	5	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	20	30	80	50	35	336,635	164,100	172,535	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	5	0	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	60	30	25	74,455	38,045	36,410	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	60	30	25	46,420	24,225	22,195	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	40	20	15	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	15	10	10	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	25	15	15	5	182,585	88,060	94,525	20	5	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	10	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	5	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	15	15	15	5	112,915	55,870	57,050	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	67,120	31,725	35,390	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	66,880	31,610	35,275	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	5	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	5	5	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	30	25	100	40	55	357,245	176,070	181,175	75	30	40
English and French	10	5	5	10	5	5	137,120	69,025	68,095	10	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	85	35	50	60,495	29,540	30,950	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0	0	0	116,595	56,445	60,150	35	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	5	0	5	39,875	19,575	20,300	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	700	345	355	745	365	375	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	535	260	280
None	520	255	265	395	200	190	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	365	180	190
English	35	15	20	120	55	65	353,690	183,470	170,225	25	10	15
French	50	20	25	50	30	25	259,425	127,380	132,040	50	30	20
Non-official language	70	35	30	100	45	50	269,715	129,830	139,890	55	20	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	70	35	30	100	45	50	264,405	127,330	137,070	55	20	35
English and French	10	5	0	30	20	15	61,955	31,425	30,525	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	15	10	10	76,755	38,765	37,990	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	10	10	5	55,860	26,915	28,945	0	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	5	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	15	10	5	19,290	9,695	9,595	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	735	380	355	735	330	410	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	545	275	270
Official languages	725	375	340	710	310	395	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	535	270	265
English	370	205	170	685	300	385	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	210	105	100
French	680	355	325	280	125	155	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	525	265	260
Non-official languages	345	195	150	580	260	320	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	280	130	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	345	195	150	580	260	320	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	280	130	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	60	45	45	30	15	385,210	201,105	184,100	100	45	55
Berber languages	40	30	20	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	20	20	0
Kabyle	40	30	15	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	95	60	35	40	25	15	363,875	190,005	173,870	95	40	55
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	95	60	35	10	0	0	343,675	179,750	163,930	95	40	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	35	15	10	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	10	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	0	10	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	285	90	200	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	35	15	25	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	285	90	200	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	100	50	50	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	60	15	40
Haitian Creole	100	50	50	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	60	15	40
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	115	75	40	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	50	35	15	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	55	35	20	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	30	15	15	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	65	45	160	80	80	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	120	65	60
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	55	25	30	65,625	33,305	32,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	0	55	25	30	57,640	29,540	28,105	0	0	0
German	10	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	55	25	30	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	75	40	25	136,020	71,180	64,840	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	75	40	25	90,745	48,355	42,395	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	30	20	10	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	0	20	15	10	35,765	19,145	16,620	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	55	45	35	10	20	684,830	324,095	360,735	105	55	55
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	70	35	40	0	0	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	15	15	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	35	20	15
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	45	25	10	35	10	20	453,905	210,400	243,505	65	25	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	735	380	355	735	330	410	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	545	275	275
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	735	380	355	735	330	410	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	540	275	270
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	735	380	355	735	330	410	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	545	275	275
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	735	380	355	735	330	410	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	540	275	270
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Owner	120	...	...	10	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	75	...	...
Renter	250	...	...	260	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	140	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Condominium	50	...	...	10	...	...	515,590	...	...	15	...	...
Not condominium	320	...	...	255	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	130	...	...	165	...	...	623,295	...	...	40	...	...
2 bedrooms	90	...	...	55	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	25	...	...
3 bedrooms	105	...	...	30	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	125	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	15	...	...	730,330	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	220	...	...	220	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	60	...	...
5 rooms	50	...	...	20	...	...	645,635	...	...	100	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	15	...	...	435,225	...	...	15	...	...
7 rooms	30	...	...	10	...	...	403,225	...	...	30	...	...
8 or more rooms	35	...	...	0	...	...	886,180	...	...	20	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	3.4	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	360	...	...	200	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	200	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	65	...	...	48,315	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Suitable	330	...	...	165	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	195	...	...
Not suitable	40	...	...	100	...	...	142,775	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
1960 or before	175	...	...	115	...	...	879,375	...	...	55	...	...
1961 to 1980	135	...	...	65	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	135	...	...
1981 to 1990	35	...	...	50	...	...	509,120	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	30	...	...	385,315	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	320	...	...	225	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	200	...	...
Major repairs needed	50	...	...	40	...	...	236,110	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
One-maintainer household	225	...	...	135	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	120	...	...
Two-maintainer household	135	...	...	110	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	75	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	25	...	...	89,875	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
15 to 24 years	30	...	...	15	...	...	117,525	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	40	...	...	25	...	...	525,540	...	...	35	...	...
35 to 44 years	70	...	...	55	...	...	647,165	...	...	35	...	...
45 to 54 years	60	...	...	80	...	...	628,630	...	...	40	...	...
55 to 64 years	60	...	...	65	...	...	760,395	...	...	40	...	...
65 to 74 years	60	...	...	15	...	...	629,965	...	...	65	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	15	...	...	336,170	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	30	...	...	10	...	...	103,640	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	360	...	...	260	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	215	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	245	...	...	220	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	175	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	110	...	...	40	...	...	595,690	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	110	...	...	30	...	...	542,060	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	370	...	...	270	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...	165	...	...	901,440	...	...	75	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	95	...	...	30	...	...	537,090	...	...	40	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	90	...	...	112,775	...	...	20	...	...
Major repairs needed only	25	...	...	35	...	...	179,840	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	10	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	205	...	...	100	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	360	...	...	250	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	220	...	...
In core need	60	...	...	30	...	...	218,275	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	295	...	...	225	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	0	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	80	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.0	...	...	...	...	...	62.2	...	...	62.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.0	...	...	...	...	...	10.0	...	...	25.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	x	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	x	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,400	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	x	...	...	300,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	640,000	...	...	x	...	...	376,800	...	...	640,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	245	...	...	255	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	145	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.4	...	...	14.0	...	...	25.2	...	...	13.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.6	...	...	10.4	...	...	11.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	730	...	...	800	...	...	810	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	830	...	...	886	...	...	900	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	735	380	350	735	325	405	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	550	275	275
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	20	15	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	10	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	725	380	350	735	325	405	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	520	255	260
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	730	385	350	735	325	405	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	550	270	275
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	575	290	290	380	135	240	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	535	265	270
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	55	40	140	60	80	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	145	85	60
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	480	235	250	235	80	160	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	395	180	215
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160	90	65	355	190	170	518,265	264,490	253,775	15	10	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	730	385	350	735	325	405	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	550	270	275
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	395	200	200	215	90	125	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	320	175	145
Immigrants⁸¹	295	155	140	425	185	240	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	225	95	130
Before 1980	60	20	45	15	0	10	187,200	91,895	95,300	30	0	25
1980 to 1990	15	10	0	25	0	25	124,610	61,850	62,755	20	10	10
1991 to 2000	45	25	20	35	15	20	190,495	91,635	98,860	75	40	30
2001 to 2010	45	30	10	85	45	40	312,210	150,825	161,390	80	30	45
2011 to 2021⁸²	130	70	60	265	115	145	396,090	192,745	203,340	25	15	15
2011 to 2015	65	30	40	30	0	25	193,345	93,485	99,855	20	15	0
2016 to 2021	60	35	25	235	115	125	202,740	99,260	103,480	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40	25	15	90	50	40	205,770	113,500	92,275	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	295	160	140	425	185	245	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	225	100	130
Under 5 years	25	15	10	30	10	20	112,295	56,755	55,540	10	0	0
5 to 14 years	60	40	20	40	25	15	201,385	101,555	99,835	35	10	25
15 to 24 years	30	15	20	65	45	25	213,035	96,175	116,860	40	15	25
25 to 44 years	175	85	95	215	80	135	594,845	292,975	301,875	120	55	60
45 years and over	0	0	0	75	20	55	89,045	41,505	47,540	25	10	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	295	160	140	425	185	245	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	225	100	130
Americas	90	45	45	20	0	15	264,885	121,740	143,145	110	35	75
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	80	45	30	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	75	25	45
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	10	0	10
Europe	60	25	35	0	0	0	309,015	154,110	154,910	40	20	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	30	10	15	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	20	0	15	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	15	10	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	95	55	40	20	15	0	302,010	153,655	148,355	70	35	35
Algeria	30	20	15	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	45	25	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	35	15	20	10	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	15	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	0	0	0
Asia	50	30	20	385	160	220	332,925	158,445	174,475	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	280	100	185	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	40	25	10	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15	10	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	15	10	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	60	40	20	230	110	120	202,740	99,265	103,480	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	35	15	20	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	10	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	230	110	115	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	40	25	10	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	175	75	100	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	735	380	355	735	330	410	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	545	275	275
First generation¹⁰⁰	340	185	155	530	235	290	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	240	105	135
Second generation¹⁰¹	85	45	40	185	80	105	883,485	446,000	437,490	120	60	60
Third generation or more¹⁰²	310	160	150	20	10	10	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	185	110	75
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	230	135	95	410	180	230	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	195	95	105
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	175	95	80	325	120	205	559,935	290,040	269,895	70	40	30
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	75	45	35	145	10	135	267,870	161,125	106,740	35	25	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	100	55	45	180	110	65	292,070	128,915	163,155	30	15	15
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	35	25	10	70	40	25	272,255	109,735	162,515	75	20	50
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25	15	10	15	15	0	175,740	89,995	85,740	50	30	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	230	135	95	410	180	230	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	195	95	105
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	0	10	10	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	35	20	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	125	10	115	94,185	46,445	47,740	45	25	20
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	10	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	200	110	85	275	155	115	756,120	358,700	397,420	100	30	75
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	735	380	355	735	330	410	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	545	275	275
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	250	135	115	575	255	320	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	260	110	155
South Asian	10	10	0	180	110	70	127,990	67,140	60,850	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	0	0	0
Black	150	85	60	20	10	15	422,405	206,335	216,070	120	50	70
Filipino	0	0	0	290	90	190	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	45	20	25	0	0	0	280,075	146,990	133,085	85	35	45
Latin American	10	0	10	0	0	0	172,925	85,035	87,880	50	20	30
Southeast Asian	20	0	15	10	0	10	70,455	33,510	36,945	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	0	40	10	30	34,960	17,080	17,875	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	485	245	240	165	75	90	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	285	165	120
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	730	380	350	735	325	410	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	550	270	270
Canadian	155	80	75	55	20	40	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	100	65	35
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,710	88,910	88,800	0	0	0
Irish	25	15	15	0	0	0	404,190	193,440	210,745	0	0	0
Scottish	10	0	0	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	115	60	55	0	0	0	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	20	10	10
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	124,305	60,295	64,010	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	0	0	0
Italian	70	35	40	0	0	0	316,315	157,600	158,720	25	15	10
Indian (India)	0	0	0	70	50	15	65,790	34,390	31,405	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	0	0	0
Québécois	35	20	15	0	0	0	931,940	465,630	466,305	15	15	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	275	90	185	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	20	10	10	0	0	0	588,805	290,630	298,180	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	10	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15	10	0	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	25	10	15
American	10	0	0	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	35	15	20	77,735	37,960	39,775	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	15	15	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	110	50	60	57,320	29,015	28,305	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	10	10	10	10	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	10	0	10
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10	10	10	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	125	70	55	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	85	35	45
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	35	25	15	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	25	10	15	10	0	10	81,230	41,590	39,635	25	10	10
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	50	25	15	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	35	15	20
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	25	15	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	20	0	15
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	15	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	20	10	10	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	40	20	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	0	10	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	35	20	15	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	735	380	355	735	330	410	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	545	275	275
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	430	220	210	425	165	260	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	290	145	145
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	85	35	45	70	35	30	464,020	229,155	234,860	45	25	20
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	10	0	10
Catholic	265	120	145	240	100	140	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	205	120	95
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,805	70,840	74,965	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	30	0	20	39,700	17,955	21,735	15	0	15
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	55	40	15	50	10	50	104,790	48,840	55,950	10	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	60	40	20	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	135	55	80	84,530	41,470	43,065	0	0	0
Muslim	120	60	55	70	35	35	421,710	218,255	203,455	155	70	85
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	155	85	75	30	30	0	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	105	55	45
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	720	370	350	735	325	405	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	535	265	270
Non-movers	620	320	305	690	305	385	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	520	265	260
Movers	100	55	40	40	20	20	945,290	466,750	478,540	15	0	15
Non-migrants	50	25	30	25	10	10	543,670	268,740	274,925	10	0	10
Migrants	45	35	15	20	10	10	401,625	198,010	203,615	0	0	0
Internal migrants	20	15	10	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	15	0	10	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0
External migrants	25	15	0	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	690	360	340	690	305	390	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	505	250	255
Non-movers	300	135	165	365	140	225	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	355	190	160
Movers	390	220	175	325	165	165	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	160	55	100
Non-migrants	195	95	95	75	30	50	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	110	35	75
Migrants	200	125	80	250	135	115	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	45	20	25
Internal migrants	110	65	45	40	10	20	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	25	10	15
Intraprovincial migrants	110	65	45	40	10	20	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	25	10	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	0	0	0
External migrants	90	60	25	215	120	95	320,090	166,115	153,975	20	0	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	620	315	305	545	225	325	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	415	195	220
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	40	75	45	10	35	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	95	40	50
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	505	275	235	505	215	290	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	320	155	165
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	395	215	185	395	165	235	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	265	115	150
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	25	40	20	10	15	642,800	382,415	260,380	40	15	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	330	185	145	375	160	220	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	220	100	120
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	625	315	310	545	220	325	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	420	195	220
No certificate, diploma or degree	110	40	70	35	0	30	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	80	30	45
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	55	65	200	90	110	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	130	65	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	395	220	175	305	130	185	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	210	90	120
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	250	135	115	115	45	75	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	155	65	95
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	40	30	40	20	20	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	45	20	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	25	30	15	10	10	793,030	427,220	365,815	35	10	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	15	0	30	15	15	303,330	239,705	63,620	20	10	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	110	60	50	60	15	45	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	85	30	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	30	30	15	10	10	252,815	102,150	150,665	25	10	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	145	80	60	190	80	110	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	55	30	25
Bachelor's degree	95	55	35	145	60	85	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	30	20	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	10	15	10	10	149,425	66,595	82,825	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	20	15	20	10	15	360,795	174,150	186,645	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	400	210	185	395	165	230	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	265	115	150
No certificate, diploma or degree	65	25	40	15	0	15	525,155	303,815	221,345	40	10	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	40	25	120	55	65	752,855	388,160	364,700	65	45	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	270	145	125	260	105	150	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	160	55	105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	160	90	75	95	35	60	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	125	40	85
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	35	10	35	20	15	836,455	498,385	338,075	30	10	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	25	10	15	10	10	609,895	319,470	290,425	25	10	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	10	0	20	10	10	226,565	178,915	47,650	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	30	45	40	10	35	838,140	372,455	465,685	70	20	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45	20	25	15	0	10	174,695	72,115	102,580	20	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	105	55	50	170	70	95	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	40	15	20
Bachelor's degree	55	30	25	125	50	75	802,755	343,100	459,650	25	10	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	10	0	0	119,460	50,155	69,310	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	25	10	15	25	10	15	302,065	140,530	161,530	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	625	315	310	545	220	320	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	415	200	225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	230	95	135	240	100	145	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	210	100	105
Education	45	35	15	25	10	20	292,470	65,830	226,640	10	0	10
13. Education	45	35	15	25	10	20	292,470	65,830	226,640	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	0	0	0	0	166,900	75,420	91,480	20	15	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	0	0	0	0	143,365	58,875	84,490	20	15	10
Humanities	15	10	0	35	15	25	228,770	90,810	137,960	10	10	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	15	0	15	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	75	40	30	20	0	10	430,845	142,280	288,570	40	10	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	20	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	15	10	0	0	0	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	0	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	20	0	0	0	0	134,510	67,065	67,440	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	60	30	25	75	25	45	950,820	357,290	593,535	30	15	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	30	25	75	25	45	894,690	344,770	549,925	25	10	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	15	10	10	0	158,655	83,605	75,050	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	10	10	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	15	25	10	0	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	25	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	10	15	10	0	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	15	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	40	10	45	40	10	866,885	778,835	88,060	25	20	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	25	20	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	15	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	10	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	0	40	70	15	55	515,215	101,455	413,760	50	0	45
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	40	70	15	55	470,150	78,875	391,275	50	0	45
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	20	0	15	0	10	291,295	157,925	133,365	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	15	0	15	0	10	154,335	42,710	111,625	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	395	215	185	395	165	235	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	265	115	150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	130	65	60	135	55	80	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	100	55	45
Education	30	15	10	25	10	15	195,595	39,630	155,965	10	0	10
13. Education	30	15	10	25	10	15	195,595	39,630	155,965	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	129,065	58,170	70,895	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	0	0	0	110,860	45,555	65,305	0	0	0
Humanities	10	0	10	35	10	25	144,140	56,410	87,730	10	10	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	15	0	15	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	50	20	30	20	10	10	334,475	103,635	230,840	30	0	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	15	10	0	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	40	25	15	55	15	35	741,390	268,705	472,685	25	15	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	25	15	55	15	35	697,775	259,725	438,045	25	10	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	0	0	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	10	10	10	0	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	10	10	10	0	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	15	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	35	10	30	30	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	15	10	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	15	15	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	10	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	0	25	65	15	50	387,725	74,730	312,995	45	0	45
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	65	15	50	352,905	58,735	294,170	45	0	45
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	20	0	10	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	15	0	10	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	395	215	185	395	165	235	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	265	115	150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130	65	60	135	55	80	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	100	55	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	265	145	125	260	105	155	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	165	60	105
Location of study inside Canada	205	105	100	70	30	45	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	130	30	95
Same as province or territory of residence	205	105	100	65	20	45	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	130	30	95
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	60	35	25	190	80	110	414,490	209,160	205,330	35	25	10
Americas	15	15	0	20	20	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	20	10	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	15	15	0	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	15	10	0	0	0	0	138,260	74,045	64,210	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	30	20	15	0	0	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	20	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	20	10	0	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	20	15	10
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	10	155	55	100	96,865	43,055	53,805	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	110	25	80	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	15	10	10	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	30	20	15	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	625	315	310	545	220	325	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	420	195	220
In the labour force	385	195	195	360	175	180	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	240	115	125
Employed	340	175	165	315	160	160	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	220	110	110
Unemployed	50	25	30	40	15	25	335,015	176,245	158,775	20	0	15
Not in the labour force	235	120	115	185	45	140	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	175	80	100
Participation rate	61.6	61.9	62.9	66.1	79.5	55.4	64.1	67.4	60.9	57.1	59.0	56.8
Employment rate	54.4	55.6	53.2	57.8	72.7	49.2	59.3	62.3	56.3	52.4	56.4	50.0
Unemployment rate	13.0	12.8	15.4	11.1	8.6	13.9	7.6	7.7	7.4	8.3	0.0	12.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	625	315	310	545	220	320	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	415	200	225
Did not work¹⁸⁶	240	105	135	180	45	135	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	185	85	100
Worked	380	205	175	365	180	185	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	230	110	115
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	185	105	75	155	65	95	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	140	75	60
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	200	100	95	205	110	100	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	90	35	55
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3	39.8	38.6	34.5	33.8	35.2	41.3	41.7	40.8	41.8	42.4	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	390	195	190	360	175	185	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	245	120	125
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	20	15	0	15	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	370	195	175	350	175	170	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	230	120	120
Employee	320	175	145	315	160	155	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	210	100	110
Permanent position	275	155	120	255	130	125	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	175	80	95
Temporary position	50	20	25	65	30	25	623,510	296,655	326,850	35	20	15
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	10	10	30	15	15	217,905	94,210	123,700	20	10	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	10	20	30	15	15	405,605	202,450	203,155	20	10	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	50	20	30	35	15	15	530,720	324,555	206,165	20	15	0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	390	195	190	360	175	185	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	245	120	125
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	20	15	0	15	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	370	195	175	350	175	170	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	230	120	120
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	30	35	35	25	15	778,905	256,150	522,760	30	15	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	10	0	10	0	0	360,495	272,510	87,985	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	35	0	35	45	0	40	359,665	70,075	289,590	50	0	45
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	60	25	30	55	10	45	558,725	166,020	392,700	20	0	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	0	0	0	146,560	72,400	74,165	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	105	55	45	80	40	35	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	70	55	20
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	60	50	10	35	30	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	25	25	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	30	20	20	75	60	20	207,740	150,405	57,335	25	15	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	390	195	190	360	175	185	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	245	120	125
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	0	20	15	0	15	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	10
All industries¹⁹¹	370	195	175	350	175	170	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	230	120	120
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	10	10	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	10	0	10
31-33 Manufacturing	45	30	20	85	55	30	449,115	320,715	128,405	20	15	10
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	20	10	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	50	25	20	50	30	25	514,090	248,905	265,185	30	15	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	30	15	15	10	10	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	30	30	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,130	57,495	36,630	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	0	0	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	10	10	10	10	0	345,345	193,365	151,985	10	0	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	25	10	25	10	10	171,345	104,695	66,645	25	15	0
61 Educational services	50	25	25	20	10	10	340,885	104,300	236,590	10	0	10
62 Health care and social assistance	60	15	50	60	0	55	617,200	122,675	494,525	65	0	55
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	20	10	15	15	15	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	10	10	30	0	30	190,470	89,730	100,735	15	10	0
91 Public administration	15	15	0	0	0	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	10	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	415	225	190	390	190	205	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	255	130	125
English	25	15	0	280	130	145	350,525	195,385	155,145	0	0	0
French	270	155	120	10	10	0	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	180	85	95
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	115	55	60	85	40	40	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	65	40	30
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	10	10	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	415	225	190	390	190	205	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	255	130	125
Single responses	385	215	170	360	175	180	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	245	130	115
Official languages	385	215	170	360	175	180	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	245	130	115
English	50	35	10	340	165	170	668,485	365,785	302,695	20	20	0
French	335	180	160	25	15	10	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	225	110	115
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	10	20	30	10	25	269,365	142,370	126,995	10	0	10
English and French	30	10	20	20	0	15	249,945	132,640	117,300	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	415	225	190	390	190	205	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	255	130	125
None	330	175	150	325	155	175	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	195	85	105
English	70	30	35	0	0	0	720,960	391,075	329,885	40	20	20
French	20	15	0	45	30	25	302,145	161,340	140,805	20	20	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	340	175	165	315	160	160	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	220	110	110
Worked at home	45	15	30	25	10	15	897,770	435,285	462,480	20	10	10
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	45	30	20	15	10	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	30	25	10
Usual place of work	250	135	115	275	130	140	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	165	75	90
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	250	130	115	275	135	140	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	170	75	90
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	180	90	90	195	95	100	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	135	60	80
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	15	0	65	20	40	419,210	203,335	215,875	15	10	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	50	30	20	15	15	0	823,150	442,385	380,765	20	0	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	290	160	130	290	145	145	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	200	100	105
Car, truck or van	200	115	80	100	65	30	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	145	70	70
Car, truck or van - as a driver	185	115	75	75	50	25	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	140	65	70
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	10	25	15	15	150,535	63,495	87,040	0	0	0
Public transit	50	20	30	145	75	70	287,345	120,460	166,885	35	20	15
Walked	35	20	15	45	10	35	178,645	78,570	100,075	15	0	15
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	15	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	290	160	130	290	145	145	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	200	100	105
Less than 15 minutes	55	20	35	45	10	35	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	55	30	25
15 to 29 minutes	110	60	50	130	55	70	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	65	30	40
30 to 44 minutes	80	55	30	55	35	20	635,870	363,430	272,445	55	25	30
45 to 59 minutes	25	15	10	25	20	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	20	10	10
60 minutes and over	25	15	10	40	25	15	206,480	126,635	79,840	15	10	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	290	160	130	290	145	145	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	200	100	105
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	30	30	0	10	10	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	35	20	15	45	20	25	569,745	368,480	201,265	35	20	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	55	15	45	35	15	15	935,640	441,465	494,170	55	25	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	50	40	15	30	10	15	626,895	259,220	367,675	45	25	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55	20	35	55	20	40	330,930	142,495	188,435	20	10	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	65	35	25	120	70	45	489,685	284,160	205,530	45	25	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	135	75	65	210	125	90	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	150	75	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	95	50	45	303,835	156,030	147,805	15	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	130	70	60	115	75	40	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	140	70	70
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	90	50	45	150	85	65	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	105	45	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	75	35	40	230,080	118,075	112,005	5	5	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	60	25	30	175,305	90,000	85,305	10	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15	5	5	54,775	28,070	26,700	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	45	40	80	50	25	992,895	508,315	484,580	95	45	50

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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