Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662643More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24663424More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	933	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	874	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	548	...	...	976,966	...	...	308	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	437	...	...	910,359	...	...	301	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12,116.9	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	4,434.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.08	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.20	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	930	425	510	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	870	430	450
0 to 14 years	140	65	75	309,765	158,545	151,225	195	95	95
0 to 4 years	45	20	20	99,195	50,760	48,435	60	25	35
5 to 9 years	45	25	20	106,985	54,660	52,320	55	30	30
10 to 14 years	55	20	35	103,590	53,120	50,470	80	45	35
15 to 64 years	660	305	360	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	625	305	325
15 to 19 years	50	25	30	97,525	49,340	48,180	105	55	45
20 to 24 years	45	20	25	140,025	70,895	69,125	40	15	25
25 to 29 years	75	30	45	165,525	83,630	81,895	30	10	20
30 to 34 years	85	40	45	157,725	78,995	78,730	30	15	15
35 to 39 years	80	30	50	149,265	74,115	75,155	60	30	30
40 to 44 years	75	35	35	142,365	70,920	71,445	70	30	35
45 to 49 years	75	35	35	125,505	62,690	62,815	110	55	55
50 to 54 years	55	25	30	121,710	61,735	59,975	75	35	40
55 to 59 years	55	30	25	125,465	63,810	61,655	65	30	30
60 to 64 years	55	30	25	118,065	57,920	60,140	40	25	20
65 years and over	130	55	75	351,325	151,210	200,120	55	30	30
65 to 69 years	30	15	15	99,325	46,730	52,595	25	10	10
70 to 74 years	30	15	15	86,030	39,185	46,845	20	10	10
75 to 79 years	20	10	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	5	0	5
80 to 84 years	15	5	10	46,875	18,960	27,915	10	5	5
85 years and over	30	10	20	55,885	19,015	36,870	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	15	0	10	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	10	10	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	5	0	5	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	15.3	14.7	15.5	16.1	14.8	22.4	22.1	21.1
15 to 64 years	71.0	71.8	70.6	67.0	68.5	65.6	71.8	70.9	72.2
65 years and over	14.0	12.9	14.7	17.5	15.4	19.6	6.3	7.0	6.7
85 years and over	3.2	2.4	3.9	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	40.2	40.1	40.2	41.0	39.8	42.1	35.4	35.4	35.4
Median age of the population	39.2	40.0	38.0	39.6	38.4	40.4	38.8	38.4	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	440	...	...	910,360	...	...	300	...	...
Single-detached house	5	...	...	100,615	...	...	35	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	32,530	...	...	10	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	155	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	130	...	...	110,440	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	300	...	...	479,885	...	...	95	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	435	...	...	910,355	...	...	300	...	...
1 person	180	...	...	367,400	...	...	60	...	...
2 persons	130	...	...	271,730	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	50	...	...	118,205	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	98,205	...	...	85	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	54,820	...	...	35	...	...
Number of persons in private households	930	425	510	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	870	425	445
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	790	360	430	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	680	330	350
Married or living common-law	380	190	190	822,440	414,330	408,115	415	205	210
Married	255	125	125	577,060	289,455	287,600	340	170	170
Living common-law	125	65	65	245,385	124,870	120,510	75	35	40
Living common law - Never married	100	45	55	207,040	104,785	102,250	65	30	35
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	20	15	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	15	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	5	5	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	410	170	240	872,060	410,935	461,125	270	125	140
Not married and not living common law - Never married	290	125	160	627,845	333,150	294,700	205	105	95
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	5	10	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	65	30	35	126,605	46,380	80,225	45	15	30
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	35	10	30	82,815	16,590	66,225	10	0	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	240	...	...	495,445	...	...	245	...	...
2 persons	130	...	...	251,075	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	45	...	...	107,265	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	93,300	...	...	85	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	43,810	...	...	35	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	245	...	...	495,445	...	...	240	...	...
Total couple families	185	...	...	395,645	...	...	205	...	...
Married couples	125	...	...	273,070	...	...	170	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	162,745	...	...	125	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	110,325	...	...	45	...	...
Common-law couples	65	...	...	122,570	...	...	40	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	44,875	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	77,700	...	...	15	...	...
Total one-parent families	60	...	...	99,805	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	45	...	...	80,530	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	930	425	510	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	875	425	445
Total - Persons in census families	695	325	370	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	805	395	405
Married spouses or common-law partners	370	185	190	791,280	398,495	392,785	415	205	210
Parents in one-parent families	55	15	45	99,805	19,275	80,525	35	10	25
Children⁶	265	130	140	541,905	284,935	256,965	355	180	175
In a two-parent family	175	80	90	392,250	205,155	187,095	295	150	150
In a one-parent family	95	45	45	149,655	79,785	69,865	55	30	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	235	100	140	526,370	262,915	263,450	70	35	35
Living alone	180	75	105	367,395	175,660	191,740	60	30	35
Living with other relatives⁷	35	10	25	49,280	22,020	27,255	5	0	0
Living with non-relatives only	20	15	10	109,690	65,235	44,455	10	0	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	435	...	...	910,360	...	...	300	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	220	...	...	455,970	...	...	230	...	...
Couple-family households	165	...	...	370,250	...	...	200	...	...
With children⁶	80	...	...	194,165	...	...	145	...	...
Without children	85	...	...	176,085	...	...	55	...	...
One-parent-family households	50	...	...	85,720	...	...	35	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	55,210	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	180	...	...	367,395	...	...	60	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	790	355	430	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	685	335	350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	745	340	405	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	660	320	340
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	43,200	36,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	64,500	75,000	61,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	745	340	405	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	660	320	340
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,000	34,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	54,000	58,400	49,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	645	305	340	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	605	300	305
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	30,400	31,000	35,200	27,000	64,000	77,500	60,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	540	260	280	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	550	270	280
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	45,600	36,800	32,800	36,000	29,600	64,000	81,000	58,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	655	285	370	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	430	165	265
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	7,900	10,400	10,800	9,600	12,000	6,000	6,200	5,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85	45	45	171,705	84,570	87,145	40	20	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,760	5,760	5,520	5,480	5,680	6,550	x	8,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	260	130	135	529,640	276,110	253,530	175	90	90
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	6,000	6,750	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	755	335	425	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	635	295	340
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	700	315	390	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	615	285	330
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,300	50,000	43,400	53,250	60,050	46,760	85,600	92,000	79,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	700	315	390	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	615	285	330
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,300	41,600	37,400	42,520	46,280	38,960	61,200	65,000	57,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	635	295	345	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	550	270	285
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	44,400	36,400	48,960	57,350	40,640	88,000	93,000	83,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	550	245	305	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	490	230	265
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,800	49,200	39,200	48,760	55,650	41,480	81,200	85,000	78,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	625	260	370	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	450	175	275
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,080	10,000	11,880	12,040	10,900	13,040	9,560	9,500	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65	30	40	171,360	84,435	86,925	40	0	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,800	5,800	6,840	6,065	7,590	10,000	...	11,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	270	130	150	528,305	276,300	252,005	200	95	105
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,600	9,400	9,110	9,140	9,070	6,700	7,500	5,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	755	335	420	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	295	340
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	285	130	150	514,340	278,505	235,830	265	125	135
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	66,000	52,400	60,000	63,600	56,000	102,000	108,000	95,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,000	71,000	58,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	121,000	126,000	114,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	220	95	125	504,455	247,565	256,895	135	60	80
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	9,000	16,400	16,400	17,400	15,500	12,800	10,800	22,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,600	27,200	26,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	44,000	33,000	52,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.5	84.0	74.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	92.0	94.0	90.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.0	78.0	70.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	76.0	74.0	79.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	16.4	25.8	18.9	14.4	24.4	8.1	6.3	10.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.4	1.1	1.7	0.8	x	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.0	8.6	9.3	6.4	5.9	7.0	2.8	2.8	2.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.0	7.8	8.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	2.5	2.7	2.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	790	360	430	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	680	330	350
Without total income	45	20	25	65,020	32,205	32,820	25	10	10
With total income	745	340	405	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	655	320	335
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	30	30	138,250	65,670	72,580	110	60	55
$10,000 to $19,999	85	25	60	200,450	93,060	107,390	50	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	125	50	75	286,825	131,235	155,595	65	30	30
$30,000 to $39,999	110	50	60	215,455	102,705	112,755	25	10	15
$40,000 to $49,999	105	50	55	181,505	86,460	95,040	25	15	15
$50,000 to $59,999	85	35	50	138,185	64,805	73,380	35	15	25
$60,000 to $69,999	60	25	30	100,060	48,510	51,550	30	10	20
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	35	15	25
$80,000 to $89,999	30	15	20	58,400	30,060	28,335	40	15	25
$90,000 to $99,999	20	5	10	42,240	22,360	19,875	25	10	15
$100,000 and over	45	25	15	149,555	92,680	56,875	220	130	85
$100,000 to $149,999	30	15	15	90,980	53,275	37,705	90	50	45
$150,000 and over	10	10	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	125	80	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	790	360	430	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	680	330	350
Without after-tax income	45	20	25	64,605	32,005	32,605	25	10	10
With after-tax income	745	340	405	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	655	320	335
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	30	30	144,275	67,955	76,320	115	60	55
$10,000 to $19,999	85	25	60	210,975	98,495	112,480	55	20	35
$20,000 to $29,999	155	65	90	334,395	155,845	178,545	65	30	30
$30,000 to $39,999	140	65	70	257,145	124,835	132,315	35	15	20
$40,000 to $49,999	115	55	60	204,980	97,805	107,175	45	15	25
$50,000 to $59,999	80	40	40	139,760	67,315	72,450	45	25	25
$60,000 to $69,999	50	25	25	93,705	46,700	47,005	60	20	40
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	40	20	25
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	38,975	21,640	17,335	25	20	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	35	15	20
$100,000 and over	15	5	5	73,695	48,025	25,665	140	85	50
$100,000 to $124,999	10	0	5	33,165	20,265	12,905	55	30	30
$125,000 and over	10	10	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	80	55	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	790	360	430	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	680	330	350
Without employment income	250	100	150	495,060	212,405	282,660	130	60	65
With employment income	535	255	280	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	555	270	285
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	25	25	167,560	82,405	85,155	95	45	50
$5,000 to $9,999	45	20	25	111,575	52,975	58,595	25	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	65	30	35	151,350	72,815	78,530	50	25	25
$20,000 to $29,999	45	15	30	116,030	56,295	59,730	15	5	10
$30,000 to $39,999	60	20	35	108,120	55,225	52,890	20	5	15
$40,000 to $49,999	70	35	35	104,250	51,950	52,300	25	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	55	25	25	84,485	42,940	41,540	25	5	20
$60,000 to $69,999	45	25	20	66,190	35,045	31,145	30	5	20
$70,000 to $79,999	35	20	15	52,585	28,500	24,080	25	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	15	46,000	24,150	21,850	30	10	20
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	31,345	18,120	13,230	15	15	5
$100,000 and over	35	25	15	115,575	74,545	41,030	195	115	80
$100,000 to $124,999	20	15	10	47,525	28,870	18,655	45	25	25
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	68,050	45,675	22,375	145	85	55
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	790	355	430	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	685	335	350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	735	330	405	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	605	295	310
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	31,000	34,000	36,400	31,800	74,000	87,000	66,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	735	330	405	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	605	295	310
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	28,000	31,000	32,800	29,400	60,000	66,500	52,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	645	305	335	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	575	285	285
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	29,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	73,500	89,000	65,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	560	270	295	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	525	260	265
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,000	31,800	33,600	36,800	30,400	72,500	88,000	62,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	595	250	340	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	345	115	225
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	3,060	7,400	4,440	2,760	7,300	2,300	2,020	2,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	65	30	35	114,940	56,080	58,855	45	15	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	4,200	6,040	5,120	4,600	5,760	10,900	x	19,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	755	335	425	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	635	295	340
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	690	300	390	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	555	265	290
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800	44,400	39,800	50,000	57,050	43,280	93,200	105,000	83,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	690	300	390	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	555	265	290
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,400	36,400	34,600	39,800	43,800	35,920	66,400	72,500	61,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	630	280	340	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	515	250	265
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	42,800	37,800	49,080	57,750	40,560	95,200	106,000	84,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	565	250	315	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	475	225	250
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	44,000	39,600	48,720	55,750	41,240	84,800	88,000	82,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	565	230	335	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	340	110	230
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	4,880	7,960	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,720	6,600	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45	20	30	114,595	55,675	58,915	35	0	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	7,200	7,510	5,990	8,940	12,000	...	14,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	755	335	420	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	295	340
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	275	125	150	507,645	274,575	233,070	260	130	135
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	48,400	51,200	54,400	58,400	50,400	101,000	102,000	82,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,800	59,000	55,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	112,000	114,000	110,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	210	90	120	462,020	227,495	234,530	140	60	75
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	27,400	25,600	21,800	23,200	20,400	21,400	8,900	25,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,000	33,000	27,600	32,320	35,520	29,240	53,000	40,000	64,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.0	92.0	83.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	95.0	98.0	92.0
Employment income (%)	81.0	82.0	79.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	78.0	72.0	86.0
Government transfers (%)	13.2	8.4	17.2	12.8	8.6	18.2	5.1	2.7	7.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.6	0.8	x	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	435	...	...	910,355	...	...	300	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,000	...	...	176,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	180	...	...	367,395	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	38,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	34,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	260	...	...	542,960	...	...	245	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	198,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	80,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	92,700	...	...	182,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...	367,255	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	49,760	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	245	...	...	543,100	...	...	225	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	206,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	147,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	440	...	...	910,355	...	...	300	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	57,720	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	41,160	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	40,595	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	41,545	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	42,630	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	40,980	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	75,485	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	67,695	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	60,495	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	45,830	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	120	...	...	270,265	...	...	215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	50	...	...	85,635	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	30	...	...	56,205	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	30	...	...	62,095	...	...	40	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	66,335	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	440	...	...	910,355	...	...	300	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	27,485	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	63,030	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	49,660	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	48,815	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	51,055	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	47,120	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	85,490	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	40	...	...	75,625	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	65,530	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	54,850	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	197,490	...	...	190	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	45	...	...	78,870	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	45,905	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	72,715	...	...	120	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	245	...	...	501,830	...	...	240	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	82,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	85	...	...	179,195	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	88,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	90	...	...	208,260	...	...	150	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	226,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	170,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	95,875	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	59,600	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	200	90	115	477,085	240,895	236,195	65	30	35
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	48,000	42,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	74,000	73,500	74,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	41,200	38,000	31,200	31,200	31,200	58,400	58,400	60,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	230	...	...	501,905	...	...	230	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	206,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	147,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	179,455	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	210,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	85	...	...	208,375	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	236,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	168,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	95,455	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	205	85	120	476,520	240,280	236,245	60	30	30
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,000	58,000	48,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	92,000	72,000	110,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	47,000	39,500	37,600	37,920	37,280	68,000	52,000	85,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	935	425	505	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	875	430	450
0 to 17 years	175	80	95	365,020	186,710	178,315	255	130	130
0 to 5 years	50	30	20	120,615	61,615	58,995	70	30	40
18 to 64 years	630	290	340	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	560	270	285
65 years and over	130	55	75	317,425	140,270	177,155	55	30	30
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	120	45	70	321,885	154,370	167,510	85	45	40
0 to 17 years	20	15	10	54,265	27,870	26,395	30	20	10
0 to 5 years	10	10	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	70	25	40	197,020	99,310	97,710	40	20	15
65 years and over	30	5	20	70,600	27,185	43,415	20	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	11.6	14.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	9.6	10.4	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	16.0	8.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	12.0	14.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	25.0	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	12.0	12.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	10.0	12.4	15.4	15.6	15.3	6.8	7.2	6.0
65 years and over (%)	22.0	16.0	30.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	28.0	25.0	30.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	930	425	510	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	875	425	445
0 to 17 years	175	85	90	365,025	186,705	178,315	260	125	130
0 to 5 years	55	30	25	120,610	61,615	58,995	70	30	40
18 to 64 years	630	285	345	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	560	275	290
65 years and over	130	60	70	317,425	140,265	177,155	60	30	30
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	80	30	50	213,720	108,905	104,815	50	30	20
0 to 17 years	10	10	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	20	15	5
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	9,970	5,080	4,890	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	50	20	30	153,385	81,765	71,620	20	10	10
65 years and over	15	5	15	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.4	7.2	9.6	10.9	11.3	10.6	5.4	6.8	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	7.0	8.0	6.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.0	12.0	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	16.0	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	6.8	9.5	12.0	12.8	11.2	4.0	4.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	10.0	x	16.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	10.0	12.0	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	930	425	510	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	870	430	450
In bottom half of the distribution	595	260	325	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	205	100	100
In bottom decile	100	40	60	298,540	147,890	150,655	65	35	30
In second decile	140	55	80	244,435	115,985	128,450	50	20	30
In third decile	155	75	80	240,895	116,550	124,345	25	10	15
In fourth decile	110	50	60	218,125	105,885	112,240	20	10	15
In fifth decile	95	45	55	194,765	95,185	99,580	40	20	15
In top half of the distribution	340	165	175	762,590	384,140	378,450	675	330	345
In sixth decile	115	55	60	172,200	85,100	87,095	45	20	25
In seventh decile	70	30	35	156,540	78,290	78,250	65	30	35
In eighth decile	60	25	35	144,120	72,600	71,525	70	30	40
In ninth decile	65	35	30	134,265	68,285	65,980	190	100	95
In top decile	30	15	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	305	145	155
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	930	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	875	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.461	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.393	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.298	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	4.1	...	...	5.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	930	425	510	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	875	425	445
English only	80	35	40	262,290	133,690	128,600	75	35	40
French only	260	115	140	486,845	221,005	265,840	65	30	40
English and French	550	265	285	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	710	355	355
Neither English nor French	50	10	35	45,860	18,340	27,520	20	10	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	930	425	510	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	875	425	445
English	185	95	95	605,220	303,380	301,835	290	140	145
French	610	280	325	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	460	230	230
English and French	90	45	50	173,785	88,480	85,300	105	45	60
Neither English nor French	45	10	40	44,430	17,640	26,790	15	10	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	930	425	510	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	875	425	445
Single responses	845	385	455	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	790	385	405
Official languages	430	200	230	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	500	255	250
English	60	25	35	322,315	162,085	160,230	125	60	65
French	370	175	195	870,975	428,435	442,540	375	200	185
Non-official languages	415	185	225	643,275	311,525	331,750	280	125	155
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	415	185	225	642,820	311,370	331,445	280	125	155
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	45	40	129,195	68,395	60,805	65	35	30
Berber languages	15	10	10	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	10	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	30	30	112,200	59,320	52,880	55	30	25
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	65	30	30	107,605	56,960	50,645	55	30	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25	24,640	11,340	13,300	15	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	19,905	9,185	10,725	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	10	25	37,690	16,985	20,705	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	30	10	25	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	5	5	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	10	13,620	7,090	6,525	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	30	15	10	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	190	85	100	329,415	158,980	170,435	115	50	65
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	20	15	5
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	15	37,235	16,405	20,835	15	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	15	36,800	16,245	20,555	15	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	5	5	5
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	15	5	5	17,695	7,755	9,935	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15	68,600	36,145	32,455	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	15	48,035	25,870	22,165	5	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	15	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	5	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	145	70	75	183,755	87,295	96,460	45	20	30
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	95	45	45	63,560	29,680	33,880	20	5	10
Portuguese	5	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	10	0	5
Romanian	0	0	5	15,020	7,070	7,945	10	5	5
Spanish	45	20	25	85,395	41,150	44,250	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	57,075	26,030	31,035	60	25	35
Chinese languages	10	0	10	56,890	25,955	30,935	60	25	35
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	37,985	17,270	20,715	50	15	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	90	40	50	143,450	71,980	71,470	90	45	40
English and French	15	5	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	40	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	32,265	15,955	16,310	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	47,185	23,615	23,570	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	10	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	5,625	2,630	3,000	5	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	930	425	510	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	875	425	445
English	85	45	40	340,470	170,050	170,425	165	80	85
French	325	145	175	779,125	383,000	396,125	305	150	150
Non-official language	135	60	80	204,395	96,705	107,690	70	30	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	135	60	80	204,315	96,670	107,645	70	30	45
English and French	60	25	30	173,135	89,205	83,935	125	65	55
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	135,390	66,995	68,400	75	30	45
French and non-official language(s)	165	75	90	180,900	85,935	94,965	35	10	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	154,470	76,450	78,020	95	50	45
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	930	425	510	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	875	425	445
Single responses	820	375	450	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	785	380	405
Official languages	615	290	325	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	645	325	325
English	130	65	60	479,850	239,270	240,580	245	125	125
French	490	220	265	956,130	471,155	484,975	395	200	195
Non-official languages	210	85	125	370,290	177,955	192,335	140	60	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	210	85	125	370,125	177,895	192,235	140	60	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	66,095	34,080	32,015	35	15	20
Berber languages	10	5	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	25	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	25	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15	17,355	8,030	9,325	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	14,425	6,710	7,720	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	10	20	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	25	5	15	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	10,460	5,315	5,145	5	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	20	10	10	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	35	60	188,550	90,370	98,185	35	15	25
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	21,410	9,870	11,540	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	10	21,300	9,830	11,475	10	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	5	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	15	50,680	26,200	24,485	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	15	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	15	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	20	30	95,835	44,515	51,315	10	5	10
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	5	0	0
Spanish	15	5	10	54,335	26,035	28,300	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	43,570	20,275	23,295	50	20	30
Chinese languages	5	0	5	43,475	20,230	23,240	50	20	30
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	40	15	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	10	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	110	50	60	173,745	85,640	88,110	85	45	40
English and French	20	10	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	45	25	20
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	39,365	19,140	20,225	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	57,355	27,790	29,565	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	930	425	510	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	875	425	445
None	610	285	330	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	610	300	310
English	65	30	35	131,630	67,290	64,340	80	35	40
French	55	20	35	126,780	62,180	64,600	45	25	20
Non-official language	110	45	70	144,335	69,210	75,130	65	30	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	110	45	70	144,155	69,135	75,015	65	30	35
English and French	10	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	35	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	38,875	19,700	19,180	20	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	33,620	16,170	17,450	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	905	430	475	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	845	405	435
Official languages	870	420	455	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	835	405	435
English	615	290	330	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	795	380	415
French	805	380	425	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	770	375	400
Non-official languages	610	305	305	971,455	471,755	499,700	425	190	235
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	610	305	305	970,710	471,495	499,220	425	190	235
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	70	50	217,295	113,605	103,690	105	60	40
Berber languages	35	25	10	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	35	25	10	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	105	60	45	205,120	107,210	97,905	100	60	40
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	105	60	45	188,115	98,545	89,565	95	60	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	75	60	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	30	25	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	80	45	35	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	80	30	50	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	80	30	50	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	275	145	130	514,485	250,190	264,295	205	90	115
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	10	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	20	35	50,700	23,530	27,165	20	0	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	50	20	35	50,190	23,320	26,870	20	0	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	50	20	35	29,515	13,855	15,655	15	0	15
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	230	120	105	324,695	154,360	170,340	145	65	80
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	125	80	45	107,285	51,300	55,985	55	25	30
Portuguese	15	10	10	31,125	15,545	15,585	20	0	20
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	95	35	60	193,835	91,345	102,490	90	40	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	35	15	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	68,485	31,760	36,720	85	30	55
Chinese languages	25	10	10	68,285	31,685	36,595	80	30	50
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	60	20	40
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	15	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	900	425	480	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	845	410	435
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	900	425	480	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	845	410	435
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	900	425	480	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	845	410	435
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	900	425	480	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	845	410	435
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
Owner	190	...	...	360,125	...	...	265	...	...
Renter	225	...	...	550,240	...	...	30	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
Condominium	195	...	...	192,985	...	...	95	...	...
Not condominium	230	...	...	717,375	...	...	190	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	95	...	...	267,715	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	195	...	...	303,875	...	...	80	...	...
3 bedrooms	95	...	...	220,945	...	...	110	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	98,090	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	275	...	...	501,570	...	...	45	...	...
5 rooms	100	...	...	166,230	...	...	55	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...	78,495	...	...	50	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...	58,850	...	...	40	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	105,210	...	...	95	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.1	...	...	4.7	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
One person or fewer per room	395	...	...	881,730	...	...	285	...	...
More than one person per room	25	...	...	28,630	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
Suitable	365	...	...	834,885	...	...	280	...	...
Not suitable	55	...	...	75,475	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
1960 or before	65	...	...	325,005	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	200	...	...	282,605	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	101,185	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	63,765	...	...	105	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	105	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	65	...	...
2011 to 2015	90	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	40	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	410	...	...	833,540	...	...	285	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	76,815	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
One-maintainer household	265	...	...	543,605	...	...	140	...	...
Two-maintainer household	135	...	...	333,140	...	...	145	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	95	...	...	162,375	...	...	20	...	...
35 to 44 years	105	...	...	171,535	...	...	70	...	...
45 to 54 years	70	...	...	155,520	...	...	115	...	...
55 to 64 years	85	...	...	156,865	...	...	50	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	122,825	...	...	30	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	70,345	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	415	...	...	902,485	...	...	290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	290	...	...	686,075	...	...	225	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	125	...	...	216,410	...	...	65	...	...
30% to less than 100%	105	...	...	189,795	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	330,635	...	...	80	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	120	...	...	186,350	...	...	65	...	...
Not suitable only	55	...	...	56,480	...	...	15	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	235	...	...	579,720	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	395	...	...	875,865	...	...	280	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	370	...	...	787,925	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	195	...	...	360,120	...	...	260	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	79.5	...	...	60.0	...	...	69.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.8	...	...	17.4	...	...	19.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	1,370	...	...	2,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	...	...	1,572	...	...	2,120	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	850,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	480,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	850,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	230	...	...	550,235	...	...	25	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.9	...	...	28.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.5	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	890	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	987	...	...	1,600	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	905	425	480	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	845	405	440
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	0	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	0	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	895	425	470	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	840	405	430
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	905	425	475	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	840	405	440
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	775	365	410	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	805	385	420
Canadian citizens aged under 18	155	105	55	322,965	164,980	157,985	250	125	130
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	620	265	355	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	555	260	295
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	125	65	70	313,410	160,530	152,885	40	25	20
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	905	425	475	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	840	405	440
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	485	230	260	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	555	270	280
Immigrants⁸¹	370	175	200	652,730	313,955	338,770	280	130	150
Before 1980	35	15	20	108,265	50,530	57,735	30	15	15
1980 to 1990	55	20	35	69,695	34,150	35,545	60	30	25
1991 to 2000	50	30	25	106,810	50,520	56,290	65	25	40
2001 to 2010	85	35	50	154,780	74,520	80,255	85	35	50
2011 to 2021⁸²	145	75	70	213,175	104,225	108,950	40	20	25
2011 to 2015	80	40	40	99,070	48,005	51,065	15	10	10
2016 to 2021	65	35	30	114,110	56,220	57,885	25	15	15
Non-permanent residents⁸³	45	25	20	138,240	75,380	62,860	10	10	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	375	175	195	652,725	313,955	338,770	280	125	150
Under 5 years	35	20	15	52,990	26,810	26,180	30	20	15
5 to 14 years	65	35	35	103,285	51,965	51,320	55	30	20
15 to 24 years	60	15	40	118,475	53,035	65,440	40	10	25
25 to 44 years	185	100	85	326,320	158,620	167,700	130	60	70
45 years and over	35	10	30	51,660	23,520	28,140	25	10	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	375	175	195	652,725	313,955	338,770	280	125	150
Americas	115	35	75	137,955	63,465	74,485	30	15	20
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	10	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	85	35	50	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	15	0	10
Europe	85	45	40	158,795	76,610	82,190	60	25	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	25	15	10
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	25	15	10	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	20	20	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	85	45	35	152,205	77,515	74,690	40	20	20
Algeria	30	25	10	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	10	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	25	15	10	37,215	18,545	18,670	15	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	20	10	10
Asia	95	45	45	202,715	95,775	106,935	145	70	75
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	65	35	30
Syria⁸⁹	15	15	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	40	15	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	20	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	45	15	25	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	65	40	30	114,110	56,220	57,885	25	10	10
Americas	15	0	10	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	15	0	10	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	25	15	10	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	25	20	10	41,495	19,890	21,600	20	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	15	15	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	905	425	475	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	845	410	435
First generation¹⁰⁰	420	195	220	813,905	400,325	413,580	320	150	175
Second generation¹⁰¹	255	145	110	424,225	212,755	211,475	295	145	150
Third generation or more¹⁰²	225	80	145	721,230	352,590	368,630	225	115	120
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	335	160	175	544,455	263,425	281,040	250	115	135
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	160	95	65	303,105	155,090	148,020	210	90	120
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	80	40	35	151,015	87,200	63,815	90	45	45
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	85	55	30	152,090	67,890	84,205	120	50	75
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	105	35	70	146,645	59,645	87,000	35	25	15
Refugees¹⁰⁸	60	20	35	85,165	44,145	41,025	10	0	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	335	160	175	544,455	263,425	281,040	250	115	135
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	15	53,655	28,340	25,310	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	10	10	56,685	26,490	30,195	25	10	20
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	15	15	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	0	10	27,800	15,470	12,330	35	15	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	275	130	145	387,815	184,015	203,795	160	75	85
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	900	425	480	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	845	410	435
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	435	210	225	737,510	363,785	373,725	320	145	180
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	25	10	15
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	75	35	40
Black	135	55	75	208,805	101,125	107,680	50	25	25
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	80	50	30	151,890	79,375	72,515	45	25	25
Latin American	50	15	30	82,550	40,580	41,970	25	0	20
Southeast Asian	130	75	60	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	30	15	20
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	35	20	20
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	25	15	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	470	215	255	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	520	260	260
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	905	430	475	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	840	405	435
Canadian	85	20	65	241,015	115,880	125,135	75	40	35
English	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	15	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	25	0	20
Scottish	10	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	30	10	25
French, n.o.s.¹²²	80	30	45	336,880	169,710	167,170	160	90	70
German	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	35	15	25
Chinese	15	0	10	74,630	34,410	40,220	75	35	40
Italian	140	75	70	156,025	76,485	79,535	75	20	50
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	30	20	15
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	10	0	0
Québécois	20	0	20	108,910	54,650	54,260	40	20	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	20	15	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	50	35	15
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	0	10	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	25	10	15
Russian	50	15	35	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	15	10	25,490	12,445	13,045	15	0	10
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	30	15	15
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	70	35	30	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	25	10	10
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	30	15	15
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	20	15	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	35	15	20
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	10	10	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	120	65	60
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	85	50	40	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	15	15	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	15	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	40	15	20	44,795	22,825	21,970	15	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	15	10	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	15	15	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	30	10	25
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	15	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	30	10	20	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	20	10	10	9,000	4,155	4,845	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	15	15	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	30	15	15	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	10	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	900	425	480	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	845	410	435
Buddhist	85	35	50	28,350	12,580	15,775	10	0	10
Christian	520	215	305	969,945	451,410	518,540	530	265	260
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50	10	45	116,635	55,545	61,090	120	65	55
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	30	20	10	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	375	160	210	675,695	314,690	361,010	275	135	140
Christian Orthodox	30	15	15	68,635	32,680	35,950	75	35	40
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	35	10	25	41,965	19,030	22,935	40	25	15
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	40	10	25
Muslim	135	75	65	233,440	121,145	112,290	70	35	35
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	150	95	55	590,140	310,985	279,165	195	90	105
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	890	410	475	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	835	405	435
Non-movers	760	360	400	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	810	390	415
Movers	130	50	75	255,365	129,500	125,865	30	10	15
Non-migrants	85	45	45	186,805	94,745	92,055	20	10	10
Migrants	40	10	30	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	30	0	25	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	25	0	20	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	860	400	460	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	805	395	410
Non-movers	400	180	220	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	615	295	315
Movers	460	220	240	821,475	413,250	408,230	190	95	95
Non-migrants	315	165	150	433,700	216,030	217,670	65	40	25
Migrants	145	55	90	387,770	197,215	190,560	125	55	70
Internal migrants	60	15	45	190,035	93,955	96,075	95	45	45
Intraprovincial migrants	60	15	45	159,710	78,770	80,940	75	35	40
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	15	0	10
External migrants	85	40	40	197,735	103,260	94,485	30	15	20
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	755	340	425	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	295	340
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	150	60	85	274,820	136,500	138,320	40	15	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	610	275	335	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	595	280	310
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	570	255	315	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	430	190	235
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	30	30	121,295	65,950	55,345	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	510	225	285	975,700	481,690	494,005	425	190	230
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	760	335	425	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	295	340
No certificate, diploma or degree	140	55	80	247,460	120,840	126,625	35	10	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	125	55	70	319,755	162,520	157,240	90	40	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	495	225	270	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	500	245	260
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	220	100	120	473,060	232,855	240,210	130	60	75
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65	30	35	146,170	81,740	64,425	25	20	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	25	30	106,110	54,025	52,085	15	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	10	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	130	60	65	260,845	122,345	138,495	75	35	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	15	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	30	0	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	275	120	150	609,855	291,355	318,505	370	185	185
Bachelor's degree	180	70	110	344,605	160,320	184,285	180	75	105
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	10	58,945	27,280	31,665	50	20	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	35	15	15
Master's degree	60	40	20	159,510	78,325	81,190	110	70	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	0	10	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	570	255	315	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	425	190	235
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	30	25	102,815	55,805	47,015	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	75	30	45	162,205	88,420	73,785	30	10	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	435	195	240	831,975	403,420	428,555	385	185	205
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	175	80	95	333,160	167,260	165,895	50	20	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	10	40	110,390	60,690	49,700	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	10	30	81,090	40,585	40,505	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	0	10	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	100	50	45	174,185	84,745	89,445	30	10	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	15	15	48,580	21,830	26,755	15	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	265	115	145	498,815	236,155	262,665	330	160	175
Bachelor's degree	180	70	110	276,640	128,890	147,745	160	65	95
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	50	20	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	30	15	15
Master's degree	55	35	25	137,150	66,720	70,430	90	65	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	10	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	760	335	425	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	635	295	340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	265	110	150	567,220	283,355	283,860	130	50	80
Education	15	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
13. Education	15	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	69,210	32,705	36,505	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	61,135	27,085	34,045	10	0	10
Humanities	25	10	15	78,920	30,815	48,110	35	10	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	0	10	28,165	11,870	16,295	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	75	30	40	157,220	58,185	99,040	50	25	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	35	20	15	28,365	11,670	16,690	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	10	20	59,300	29,185	30,110	35	20	10
Business, management and public administration	125	30	95	248,895	110,950	137,945	210	100	110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	120	30	95	237,125	108,040	129,090	210	100	110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	25	10	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	20	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40	30	10	65,435	46,010	19,420	25	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	25	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	20	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	105	80	20	173,380	143,615	29,765	75	50	20
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	50	40	10	78,800	61,515	17,290	55	35	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	65	15	50	122,295	30,795	91,495	55	20	40
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	10	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	10	45	109,185	24,140	85,045	50	15	35
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	10	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	10	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	565	255	310	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	425	195	235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	130	60	70	265,025	144,230	120,800	40	10	30
Education	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
13. Education	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	10	54,840	26,500	28,340	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	48,205	21,870	26,335	10	0	10
Humanities	15	0	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	20	10	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	16,385	7,290	9,100	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	65	30	30	121,985	44,105	77,880	45	25	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	35	25	10	22,425	8,630	13,785	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	10	15	44,580	21,945	22,635	30	20	15
Business, management and public administration	115	30	85	199,525	87,920	111,600	170	65	100
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	110	30	80	190,410	85,600	104,810	170	65	100
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	20	10	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	20	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	25	10	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	20	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	90	75	25	137,395	112,025	25,370	60	45	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	50	35	10	66,210	51,090	15,115	40	25	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	60	0	55	92,595	23,265	69,330	45	20	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	15	0	10	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	45	0	45	82,410	18,370	64,045	40	15	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	565	255	310	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	425	195	235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130	60	70	265,025	144,230	120,800	40	10	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	435	195	245	831,975	403,415	428,560	390	180	210
Location of study inside Canada	320	130	190	598,455	286,340	312,115	310	140	160
Same as province or territory of residence	315	130	180	566,540	270,160	296,380	280	125	155
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	25	15	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	115	60	55	233,520	117,075	116,445	85	40	45
Americas	20	0	15	41,560	21,015	20,550	15	10	10
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	10	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	15	0	10	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	45	30	15	74,705	39,515	35,190	20	10	10
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	15	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	10	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	15	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	30	15	15	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	15	0	10	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	25	15	10	65,125	28,945	36,180	40	20	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	10	0	10
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	760	335	425	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	295	340
In the labour force	560	260	290	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	425	210	220
Employed	495	225	270	971,245	502,885	468,360	390	200	195
Unemployed	60	40	25	110,395	58,460	51,935	35	10	25
Not in the labour force	200	75	125	568,495	246,215	322,280	210	85	120
Participation rate	73.7	77.6	68.2	65.5	69.5	61.8	66.9	71.2	64.7
Employment rate	65.1	67.2	63.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	61.4	67.8	57.4
Unemployment rate	10.7	15.4	8.6	10.2	10.4	10.0	8.2	4.8	11.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	760	335	425	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	635	295	340
Did not work¹⁸⁶	250	105	145	582,470	253,075	329,400	205	80	120
Worked	510	230	275	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	430	215	220
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	295	135	155	529,400	287,950	241,450	275	135	140
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	215	95	120	538,265	266,540	271,725	155	75	75
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.6	41.4	39.7	40.2	39.3	43.7	42.8	44.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	555	265	295	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	430	210	215
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	20	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	535	240	295	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	430	210	215
Employee	465	205	255	907,745	457,830	449,915	330	150	180
Permanent position	395	170	220	741,830	380,445	361,385	275	130	150
Temporary position	70	35	40	165,915	77,385	88,530	50	15	35
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	15	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	20	0	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	50	20	35	96,225	46,100	50,120	35	15	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	70	40	40	142,380	88,145	54,230	100	60	35
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	555	265	295	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	430	210	215
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	20	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	535	240	295	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	430	210	215
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	30	15	15
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	125	30	100	207,660	79,975	127,685	115	40	80
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	70	50	20	114,775	85,780	28,990	60	50	15
3 Health occupations	60	15	45	85,545	21,700	63,845	40	10	30
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	25	25	140,500	46,385	94,115	25	10	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	15	10	61,790	31,615	30,175	20	10	10
6 Sales and service occupations	140	65	70	263,055	135,300	127,750	120	60	55
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	30	25	109,555	99,115	10,440	10	10	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	555	265	295	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	430	210	215
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	20	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	535	240	295	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	430	210	215
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	20	10	10	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	35	25	15	86,535	58,295	28,235	55	30	20
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	40	15	25
44-45 Retail trade	40	20	20	111,555	56,180	55,375	60	35	25
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	40	30	10	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	10	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	50	25	25	53,430	27,205	26,225	25	0	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	10	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	70	30	40	130,405	75,750	54,655	105	65	40
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	15	10	0
61 Educational services	30	15	15	95,290	34,510	60,780	10	0	10
62 Health care and social assistance	90	30	60	142,545	36,095	106,450	45	15	30
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	20	10	10
72 Accommodation and food services	35	15	20	59,510	32,125	27,380	20	10	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	25	0	25	43,990	17,935	26,050	10	0	0
91 Public administration	35	0	25	42,120	20,455	21,665	10	0	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	555	255	305	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	470	230	240
English	90	60	30	201,310	110,165	91,150	100	45	55
French	235	105	130	416,430	206,170	210,265	115	75	45
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	220	85	135	473,485	249,700	223,785	250	110	145
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	555	255	305	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	470	230	240
Single responses	505	235	265	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	415	200	210
Official languages	505	235	265	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	415	200	210
English	165	95	75	361,715	194,885	166,835	205	95	115
French	340	145	195	645,885	327,180	318,705	205	110	95
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	15	35	126,180	65,940	60,240	60	25	35
English and French	50	15	35	116,535	60,925	55,605	55	20	35
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	555	255	305	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	470	230	240
None	360	170	190	743,180	381,875	361,305	275	140	135
English	100	40	65	219,885	116,455	103,430	90	40	50
French	75	35	40	149,470	78,495	70,975	105	45	60
Non-official language	15	0	10	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	10	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	495	220	270	971,245	502,885	468,360	395	200	190
Worked at home	155	70	85	298,820	151,335	147,485	205	95	120
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	10	0	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	15	10	10
Usual place of work	330	150	175	580,035	286,695	293,340	170	100	70
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	330	155	175	580,035	286,695	293,340	170	105	70
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	260	110	150	427,475	202,010	225,465	145	80	65
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	65	35	30	58,865	35,690	23,175	20	20	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	335	160	180	669,150	349,485	319,665	185	105	80
Car, truck or van	215	115	100	395,615	229,315	166,300	155	95	60
Car, truck or van - as a driver	205	110	90	365,770	218,475	147,295	150	90	60
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	105	35	70	177,860	74,605	103,260	10	0	10
Walked	15	10	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	10	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	10	10	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	335	160	180	669,150	349,485	319,665	185	105	80
Less than 15 minutes	25	0	25	125,240	61,185	64,055	40	25	15
15 to 29 minutes	115	60	55	241,005	129,590	111,420	85	55	30
30 to 44 minutes	100	60	40	176,925	96,710	80,215	45	20	25
45 to 59 minutes	60	30	35	67,635	33,110	34,530	10	0	0
60 minutes and over	35	0	30	58,350	28,905	29,445	15	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	335	160	180	669,150	349,485	319,665	185	105	80
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	15	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	45	15	25	95,270	56,280	38,990	0	0	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	95	50	50	166,695	79,410	87,280	55	25	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	85	30	55	149,185	68,865	80,320	85	65	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45	20	20	106,855	50,615	56,240	30	10	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	50	25	20	112,350	65,830	46,520	0	0	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	175	80	95	371,310	189,920	181,390	265	130	130
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	25	15	109,065	56,315	52,750	85	35	45
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	130	60	75	262,245	133,605	128,640	180	95	85
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	130	60	75	264,905	135,505	129,395	205	105	100
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	20	82,880	42,755	40,130	65	30	35
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	30	10	15	67,535	34,945	32,590	40	20	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	20	5	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	40	55	182,020	92,755	89,270	140	75	65

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 14, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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