Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662614More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24661316More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661860More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	394	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	924	...	...	555	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	222	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	566	...	...	350	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	206	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	495	...	...	297	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	9,358.7	...	...	6.5	...	...	24,315.8	...	...	38,275.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.04	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.04	...	...	0.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	395	190	205	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	925	515	410	555	300	255
0 to 14 years	35	10	25	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	130	75	60	50	30	20
0 to 4 years	15	5	5	422,980	217,145	205,840	45	25	25	5	5	5
5 to 9 years	10	5	10	478,955	245,295	233,665	45	30	20	25	15	10
10 to 14 years	10	5	5	489,425	250,855	238,570	35	25	10	10	10	5
15 to 64 years	290	145	145	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	725	405	320	365	190	170
15 to 19 years	20	10	10	429,400	219,400	209,995	45	25	20	35	20	15
20 to 24 years	35	10	25	460,660	235,250	225,405	115	55	55	55	30	30
25 to 29 years	50	25	25	527,150	266,455	260,700	100	55	45	55	20	35
30 to 34 years	35	15	15	536,040	267,770	268,270	90	50	40	45	30	20
35 to 39 years	40	20	15	550,425	274,350	276,075	70	40	25	40	25	15
40 to 44 years	15	10	10	572,565	286,405	286,160	70	45	25	20	10	10
45 to 49 years	30	10	15	516,465	259,565	256,905	65	45	25	30	15	15
50 to 54 years	20	5	15	522,935	262,610	260,325	60	35	25	30	15	20
55 to 59 years	25	10	10	615,690	307,230	308,465	55	30	30	20	10	5
60 to 64 years	20	15	10	625,610	307,710	317,900	50	25	25	30	20	15
65 years and over	65	30	35	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	70	40	30	140	80	60
65 to 69 years	20	15	10	541,970	264,020	277,950	40	20	15	35	25	10
70 to 74 years	20	10	10	455,900	217,985	237,910	15	10	5	35	25	10
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	330,840	153,790	177,050	5	5	0	35	20	10
80 to 84 years	10	0	5	210,405	90,825	119,580	5	5	0	20	15	10
85 years and over	10	0	5	214,415	75,305	139,115	5	5	5	15	0	15
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	131,755	50,610	81,150	0	5	0	15	0	15
90 to 94 years	5	5	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	0	0	0	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8.9	5.3	12.2	16.4	17.0	15.8	14.1	14.6	14.6	9.0	10.0	7.8
15 to 64 years	73.4	76.3	70.7	63.0	63.9	62.1	78.4	78.6	78.0	65.8	63.3	66.7
65 years and over	16.5	15.8	17.1	20.6	19.1	22.1	7.6	7.8	7.3	25.2	26.7	23.5
85 years and over	2.5	0.0	2.4	2.5	1.8	3.2	0.5	1.0	1.2	2.7	0.0	5.9
Average age of the population	40.8	41.8	40.0	42.8	41.8	43.7	36.0	36.8	35.0	44.4	44.4	44.4
Median age of the population	37.2	38.0	36.4	43.2	42.0	44.0	33.6	35.2	31.8	39.2	39.6	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	210	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	495	...	...	300	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	10	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	98,625	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	271,245	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	170	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	495	...	...	35	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	0	...	...	260	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	495	...	...	295	...	...
1 person	95	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	275	...	...	160	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	105	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	480,135	...	...	55	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	427,605	...	...	25	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	228,060	...	...	30	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	390	190	205	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	925	515	405	555	300	255
Average household size	1.9	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	360	175	180	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	790	445	350	510	270	235
Married or living common-law	155	80	75	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	295	160	135	145	85	65
Married	75	40	35	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	265	145	125	100	55	45
Living common-law	80	40	40	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	25	10	10	45	25	15
Living common law - Never married	65	30	35	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	20	10	10	40	25	15
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	15	10	0	261,885	135,520	126,370	5	5	5	5	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	200	95	105	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	495	285	215	365	190	175
Not married and not living common law - Never married	160	85	80	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	390	230	160	265	165	105
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	106,275	48,095	58,175	35	20	20	10	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20	5	15	494,210	197,455	296,755	65	35	30	60	25	35
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	5	5	380,100	89,515	290,580	10	0	5	30	0	30
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	95	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	170	...	...	115	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	80	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	454,980	...	...	45	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	412,850	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	187,600	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	95	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	170	...	...	110	...	...
Total couple families	75	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	120	...	...	70	...	...
Married couples	35	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	110	...	...	45	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	502,020	...	...	70	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	609,605	...	...	35	...	...	30	...	...
Common-law couples	40	...	...	828,005	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	401,885	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	426,120	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
Total one-parent families	20	...	...	383,775	...	...	50	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	284,025	...	...	40	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	99,755	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	390	190	205	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	925	515	410	555	300	255
Total - Persons in census families	250	115	135	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	515	250	260	320	155	165
Married spouses or common-law partners	155	75	75	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	240	120	120	140	80	60
Parents in one-parent families	15	5	15	383,780	99,755	284,020	50	10	45	45	10	40
Children⁶	80	35	45	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	225	120	105	135	70	65
In a two-parent family	60	35	25	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	145	90	60	45	25	25
In a one-parent family	20	5	20	585,820	317,400	268,415	75	35	40	90	45	45
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	145	75	65	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	410	265	145	235	145	85
Living alone	90	55	40	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	270	185	90	160	100	55
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	165,070	74,060	91,005	20	15	10	25	10	15
Living with non-relatives only	45	15	25	268,810	158,325	110,485	110	65	45	55	35	20
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	495	...	...	295	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	90	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	155	...	...	100	...	...
Couple-family households	70	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	110	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	851,835	...	...	65	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	982,260	...	...	45	...	...	45	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	331,395	...	...	45	...	...	40	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	50,790	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	139,280	...	...	55	...	...	25	...	...
One-person households	90	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	270	...	...	160	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	355	175	185	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	795	440	345	505	275	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	175	175	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	745	415	335	475	255	220
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	42,000	35,200	40,800	44,800	37,200	25,800	26,400	25,400	25,600	29,200	24,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	175	175	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	745	415	335	475	255	220
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000	32,400	36,400	39,200	33,600	24,400	24,800	24,200	25,000	27,000	23,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	325	160	165	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	580	320	260	340	195	150
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	28,600	33,600	39,600	28,000	16,800	19,400	14,500	22,600	28,000	16,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	270	140	135	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	540	310	235	265	150	110
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	39,200	33,200	36,000	40,400	31,600	17,600	19,400	15,200	23,600	31,000	19,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	285	135	155	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	700	385	315	430	215	210
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,550	7,950	7,300	11,500	10,200	12,300	10,400	9,700	11,800	13,500	13,500	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25	15	15	837,635	441,080	396,550	120	65	60	35	15	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	x	x	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,440	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95	55	50	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	340	195	140	125	60	60
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,000	7,750	7,000	6,500	8,000	9,500	9,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	390	210	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	810	460	340	480	265	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	390	205	180	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	755	430	325	450	260	195
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	46,800	38,800	51,160	57,550	44,960	29,050	30,300	27,400	35,200	40,800	27,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	390	205	180	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	755	430	325	450	260	195
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	39,200	34,000	41,840	45,760	38,000	26,350	27,400	24,900	30,900	34,800	25,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	350	190	160	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	615	345	270	325	195	130
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,600	33,200	45,480	52,900	38,000	22,200	25,900	17,200	30,400	38,800	18,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	285	160	125	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	565	320	245	250	155	95
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	43,000	37,000	46,240	51,950	40,040	23,300	27,200	18,200	31,800	40,000	18,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	165	170	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	700	395	300	400	215	185
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,440	10,500	10,400	12,410	11,500	13,220	11,720	10,000	13,900	14,800	13,600	16,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25	0	0	837,180	441,665	395,515	140	55	85	25	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	...	...	7,040	6,380	7,780	6,500	6,200	6,700	4,800	...	...
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125	85	50	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	355	195	165	125	65	55
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,900	10,000	8,130	7,910	8,390	9,560	9,800	9,300	10,200	10,800	9,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	395	215	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	805	465	345	480	270	210
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	110	65	45	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	125	85	40	80	60	20
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	57,200	60,000	58,400	62,800	53,600	38,000	39,200	25,600	66,500	68,500	x
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,000	80,000	70,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	39,500	43,000	30,000	64,000	68,000	50,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145	75	70	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	345	190	155	100	65	35
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	11,800	11,200	11,900	18,600	21,400	16,600	16,000	18,400	13,300	14,700	10,200	14,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	19,500	19,500	28,160	32,120	24,360	17,400	20,400	13,600	15,400	15,600	15,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.0	82.0	75.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	62.4	69.5	52.0	62.4	72.0	44.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	70.0	66.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	60.4	67.0	51.0	50.0	58.0	32.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	18.4	24.4	20.1	15.8	25.6	37.6	30.4	48.0	37.6	28.4	56.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	x	x	1.7	1.5	2.0	4.2	2.6	6.4	0.8	x	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.7	6.2	7.4	5.4	4.8	6.1	17.2	15.9	18.8	9.3	7.5	12.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.0	5.8	6.4	4.6	4.3	5.1	15.7	14.8	16.8	7.8	6.4	11.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	360	175	180	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	790	445	350	510	270	235
Without total income	5	0	0	179,955	87,650	92,310	50	30	15	30	15	15
With total income	355	170	180	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	745	410	330	480	260	220
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	15	20	462,400	204,245	258,155	95	60	35	70	35	30
$10,000 to $19,999	55	20	35	809,375	334,315	475,065	155	80	75	80	45	40
$20,000 to $29,999	50	25	25	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	185	95	95	120	55	65
$30,000 to $39,999	40	20	20	896,520	414,070	482,445	160	95	70	60	35	20
$40,000 to $49,999	40	15	25	849,005	411,680	437,325	75	50	30	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	40	25	20	687,020	345,720	341,305	25	15	15	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	503,110	271,695	231,415	20	15	10	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	367,455	208,475	158,980	10	0	5	15	15	0
$80,000 to $89,999	25	10	10	284,690	158,760	125,930	0	0	0	5	0	5
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	198,140	112,355	85,780	0	0	0	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	30	15	10	556,780	365,700	191,080	0	0	0	20	15	0
$100,000 to $149,999	15	15	5	385,890	245,635	140,260	0	0	0	15	10	0
$150,000 and over	10	5	0	170,890	120,065	50,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	360	175	180	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	790	445	350	510	270	235
Without after-tax income	5	0	0	177,960	86,610	91,355	50	30	15	30	15	15
With after-tax income	355	170	180	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	745	410	330	480	260	220
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	15	25	495,035	214,000	281,030	95	60	35	70	35	30
$10,000 to $19,999	55	20	35	853,250	356,480	496,765	160	85	75	85	45	40
$20,000 to $29,999	55	35	25	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	245	120	120	135	65	75
$30,000 to $39,999	55	20	30	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	150	90	60	60	35	20
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	25	994,235	505,970	488,265	55	30	25	60	25	30
$50,000 to $59,999	25	5	20	691,015	372,870	318,145	25	15	15	35	25	5
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	5	459,665	251,490	208,170	10	10	0	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	15	292,135	160,985	131,150	0	0	0	5	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	174,905	104,610	70,295	0	0	0	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	0	0	0	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	15	10	0	229,765	156,750	73,020	0	0	0	10	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	119,125	78,615	40,515	0	0	0	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	360	175	180	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	790	445	350	510	270	235
Without employment income	85	35	45	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	250	135	115	245	120	120
With employment income	275	135	135	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	540	310	230	265	155	110
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	20	25	644,075	331,770	312,300	90	55	40	50	35	20
$5,000 to $9,999	20	10	10	401,185	180,585	220,595	85	40	45	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	35	20	20	603,350	273,725	329,620	120	65	55	40	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	15	5	10	495,105	228,670	266,435	95	55	40	30	15	15
$30,000 to $39,999	25	15	10	488,000	239,620	248,380	75	45	30	25	20	5
$40,000 to $49,999	25	10	15	485,845	242,230	243,610	40	20	15	25	10	15
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	403,980	217,425	186,560	20	10	5	15	5	5
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	5	320,700	184,770	135,935	10	10	0	15	15	0
$70,000 to $79,999	5	5	0	250,635	147,020	103,615	0	0	0	10	10	0
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	218,100	120,085	98,020	0	0	0	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	141,540	86,090	55,450	0	0	0	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	25	20	5	422,055	285,910	136,145	0	0	0	15	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	10	10	5	205,085	133,500	71,585	0	0	0	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	10	5	0	216,965	152,410	64,555	0	0	0	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	355	175	185	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	795	440	345	505	275	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	345	165	175	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	700	380	320	465	250	210
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,800	31,800	38,400	43,200	34,000	20,600	20,600	20,400	21,800	21,400	21,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	345	165	175	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	700	380	320	465	250	210
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	33,600	30,600	34,000	37,600	30,600	20,000	20,200	20,000	21,600	21,200	21,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	310	155	160	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	535	285	250	325	180	145
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,400	29,800	34,800	40,400	29,200	20,200	22,400	17,800	21,400	26,200	20,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	270	130	135	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	500	270	225	250	140	110
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	30,200	36,400	41,200	31,800	20,800	22,400	19,800	24,000	33,600	20,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	265	120	140	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	625	350	275	400	205	195
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,440	2,380	2,760	7,800	5,640	9,100	2,500	2,260	3,100	8,300	6,800	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	10	15	727,165	390,255	336,910	45	30	15	15	10	5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,480	x	x	5,000	4,760	5,280	6,120	6,650	x	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	390	210	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	810	460	340	480	265	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	200	180	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	695	395	300	450	265	195
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,400	36,400	48,600	55,500	41,880	23,400	23,000	24,000	31,200	35,200	26,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	200	180	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	695	395	300	450	265	195
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,400	38,800	31,600	39,600	44,000	35,320	21,280	20,900	21,800	27,400	29,800	24,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	320	165	155	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	550	300	250	305	190	110
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,400	47,600	34,500	45,920	53,800	37,920	23,000	24,600	21,200	32,000	36,800	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	280	145	130	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	530	285	240	235	150	80
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,000	36,000	46,240	52,450	39,520	23,000	24,800	21,000	34,800	38,500	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	305	145	160	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	610	365	245	395	220	175
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,900	8,000	9,450	8,430	10,320	5,880	4,900	7,350	11,440	10,100	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	0	15	727,815	390,880	336,935	35	20	20	25	15	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	...	10,000	7,020	5,975	8,230	6,800	9,000	4,500	7,200	7,000	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	395	215	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	805	465	345	480	270	210
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	110	65	45	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	125	85	40	80	60	20
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	58,800	65,000	54,800	60,000	49,200	34,400	36,800	x	59,200	68,000	x
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000	76,000	70,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	34,500	37,000	28,000	56,000	58,000	50,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	135	65	70	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	300	160	140	95	60	35
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	22,200	8,600	23,600	27,200	21,000	14,800	14,700	14,800	17,000	11,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	29,000	21,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	17,400	18,400	16,400	23,200	24,000	22,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.0	80.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	78.0	80.0	75.0	68.0	76.0	54.0
Employment income (%)	74.0	76.0	72.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	74.5	77.0	72.0	57.0	64.0	44.0
Government transfers (%)	14.8	11.2	19.5	14.9	10.8	20.2	22.0	19.6	25.2	31.8	24.0	46.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	x	2.5	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.6	2.0	1.2	1.2	1.2	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	495	...	...	295	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	72,500	...	...	34,400	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	63,200	...	...	32,400	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	90	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	270	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	38,800	...	...	24,400	...	...	31,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,400	...	...	23,200	...	...	29,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	110	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	225	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	56,400	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	52,800	...	...	55,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	210	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	470	...	...	290	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	46,200	...	...	54,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	75,200	...	...	42,000	...	...	48,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	240	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,500	...	...	47,680	...	...	24,400	...	...	41,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,500	...	...	39,640	...	...	22,600	...	...	35,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	230	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	62,000	...	...	61,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	495	...	...	300	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	35,920	...	...	20	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	25	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	52,080	...	...	35	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	82,470	...	...	45	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	218,185	...	...	50	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	144,420	...	...	35	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	143,285	...	...	45	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	172,005	...	...	40	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	174,790	...	...	30	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	166,990	...	...	30	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	310,880	...	...	35	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	280,505	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	255,770	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	235,235	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	208,320	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	25	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	414,805	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	282,590	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	307,835	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	239,060	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	495	...	...	300	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	40,590	...	...	20	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	25	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	53,600	...	...	35	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	87,695	...	...	45	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	234,875	...	...	55	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	177,135	...	...	50	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	180,150	...	...	45	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	213,760	...	...	45	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	210,280	...	...	25	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	193,530	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	356,325	...	...	40	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	322,530	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	289,580	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	254,885	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	216,370	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	892,775	...	...	10	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	387,835	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	225,830	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	279,105	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	95	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	175	...	...	120	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	61,200	...	...	56,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	55,600	...	...	52,800	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	991,710	...	...	45	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	45,600	...	...	55,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	72,500	...	...	43,600	...	...	49,600	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	907,765	...	...	70	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	368,845	...	...	50	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	69,000	...	...	42,800	...	...	56,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	61,600	...	...	40,000	...	...	52,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	135	70	60	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	385	250	140	210	140	70
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,400	32,800	36,800	39,200	34,800	21,800	21,200	23,200	30,200	33,600	27,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	34,000	30,800	33,200	34,800	31,600	21,400	21,000	22,800	28,400	32,000	25,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	115	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	175	...	...	125	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	65,500	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	992,110	...	...	40	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	62,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	54,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	909,160	...	...	90	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	190,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	92,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	82,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	367,155	...	...	25	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	78,700	...	...	28,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	67,500	...	...	28,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	115	65	50	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	375	240	135	180	130	55
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,500	37,000	28,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	24,100	25,000	22,400	39,200	44,000	27,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	33,000	26,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	22,300	23,000	21,200	34,400	38,000	25,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	395	190	205	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	925	515	410	555	305	255
0 to 17 years	50	20	30	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	150	75	70	70	45	30
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	515,725	264,785	250,935	60	25	30	15	5	5
18 to 64 years	280	140	140	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	705	400	310	340	175	160
65 years and over	65	30	35	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	70	40	30	140	80	60
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50	25	25	992,235	463,295	528,940	350	195	150	190	100	90
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	159,530	82,000	77,530	45	20	25	25	15	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	53,105	27,240	25,870	25	10	15	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	35	15	20	515,470	256,435	259,035	265	155	115	95	50	45
65 years and over	15	5	5	317,235	124,865	192,370	35	20	20	65	35	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	11.0	13.0	11.9	11.2	12.7	37.6	38.0	37.5	34.0	34.0	34.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	9.7	9.7	9.7	32.0	30.0	34.0	36.0	36.0	36.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	38.0	36.0	40.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	10.0	12.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	38.0	39.0	36.5	27.6	27.0	28.0
65 years and over (%)	18.0	20.0	16.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	48.0	45.0	60.0	48.0	48.0	48.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	390	190	205	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	925	515	410	555	300	255
0 to 17 years	45	20	25	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	150	80	70	75	40	30
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	511,400	262,535	248,860	60	30	30	10	10	5
18 to 64 years	280	135	145	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	710	395	310	340	180	165
65 years and over	65	30	30	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	70	40	25	145	80	65
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	45	20	25	439,850	223,055	216,795	275	165	110	100	55	45
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	61,665	31,610	30,060	30	10	20	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	15	10	10	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	40	15	20	313,970	167,015	146,955	225	145	80	55	30	25
65 years and over	5	0	5	64,210	24,430	39,780	15	5	5	30	20	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.2	11.0	12.0	5.3	5.4	5.2	29.6	32.0	26.8	18.0	18.0	18.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	22.0	16.0	28.0	16.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	24.0	20.0	30.0	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	14.0	14.0	14.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	32.0	36.5	26.4	17.0	17.0	17.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	x	4.0	3.3	4.7	24.0	20.0	25.0	20.0	24.0	18.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	395	190	205	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	925	515	410	555	300	255
In bottom half of the distribution	215	100	120	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	860	480	380	445	235	215
In bottom decile	55	25	30	851,840	407,705	444,140	330	195	135	170	95	75
In second decile	40	20	20	920,490	434,730	485,760	200	90	105	100	55	45
In third decile	50	20	25	969,255	471,650	497,600	140	80	60	85	45	35
In fourth decile	40	20	20	978,345	482,760	495,590	120	75	45	65	30	35
In fifth decile	30	20	15	947,090	473,285	473,810	70	45	30	25	10	15
In top half of the distribution	175	85	85	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	65	35	30	105	70	40
In sixth decile	40	20	20	899,660	454,970	444,690	40	20	20	55	30	20
In seventh decile	25	15	10	837,225	425,400	411,830	10	5	5	15	5	5
In eighth decile	55	20	30	752,410	383,450	368,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
In ninth decile	35	20	15	634,425	325,700	308,730	0	0	0	15	15	0
In top decile	25	15	15	517,725	267,160	250,565	0	0	0	15	10	5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	390	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	925	...	...	555	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.294	...	...	0.336	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.410	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.494	...	...	0.566	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.271	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.4	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	395	190	205	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	925	515	410	555	300	255
English only	5	5	5	445,575	228,840	216,735	370	190	180	85	55	30
French only	120	50	75	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	165	95	70	170	85	85
English and French	265	135	130	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	355	215	145	280	160	120
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	82,075	35,200	46,875	35	15	15	20	5	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	395	190	205	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	925	515	410	555	300	255
English	30	15	10	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	500	270	230	130	80	50
French	340	160	180	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	305	170	135	370	200	170
English and French	20	10	15	329,515	169,050	160,465	85	55	30	35	20	20
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	79,000	33,590	45,410	35	15	15	20	5	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	395	190	205	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	925	515	410	555	300	255
Single responses	370	180	195	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	785	440	345	510	275	235
Official languages	300	145	155	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	315	180	135	320	185	135
English	15	10	5	639,365	323,170	316,195	155	95	60	40	25	20
French	280	140	145	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	155	85	70	275	160	115
Non-official languages	75	35	40	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	475	260	210	190	90	100
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	35	40	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	470	265	210	185	90	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	233,220	122,895	110,320	55	35	20	30	20	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	204,600	107,735	96,865	45	30	20	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	5	198,785	104,765	94,020	45	30	20	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	25	15	10	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	25	15	10	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	95	30	55	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	225	95	130	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	70	20	45	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	185	230	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	10	5	0	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	5	5	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	40	20	20	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	375	215	160	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	10	5	5	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	20	30	595,790	290,670	305,115	180	105	75	105	50	60
Albanian	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	68,295	30,855	37,435	20	10	5	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	67,565	30,570	36,995	15	15	5	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	10	10	5	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	101,450	52,780	48,665	110	65	50	55	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	100	55	50	30	15	20
Assamese	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	25	15	10	20	5	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	20	10	5	5	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	35	15	20	5	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	5	5	0	25	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	5	5	0	25	10	10
Dari	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	5	5	0	15	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	5	5	0	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	25	346,000	167,870	178,130	50	25	20	40	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	10	90,940	44,080	46,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5	41,545	19,890	21,650	0	0	0	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	5	5	0	5	5	0
Spanish	20	5	15	177,155	86,490	90,660	40	20	20	25	10	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	65	40	20	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	5	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	10	5	5	5	0	5
Ga	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	10	10	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	10	10	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	875	470	410	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	15	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	87,540	40,170	47,375	5	5	0	10	5	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	87,155	39,990	47,160	5	5	0	10	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	5	5	0	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	5	0	5	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	10	308,550	155,455	153,095	140	75	65	45	25	20
English and French	10	5	5	126,405	64,585	61,820	15	10	5	15	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	75	35	40	10	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	94,205	46,880	47,320	30	20	5	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	15	5	5	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	5	5	5	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	395	190	205	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	925	515	410	555	300	255
English	20	15	5	623,305	313,780	309,520	185	100	85	35	20	10
French	260	130	130	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	150	85	65	270	155	120
Non-official language	20	10	5	366,730	177,410	189,315	185	110	75	65	30	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	5	343,650	165,830	177,825	185	110	75	65	30	30
English and French	30	15	15	497,380	256,735	240,645	40	25	15	40	25	20
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	205,755	102,290	103,470	185	85	95	45	30	20
French and non-official language(s)	40	10	30	375,795	179,585	196,210	80	50	35	55	20	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	284,940	141,275	143,665	80	50	30	35	20	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	20	10	5	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	395	190	205	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	925	515	410	555	300	255
Single responses	370	175	195	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	800	455	345	505	280	230
Official languages	335	160	175	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	470	265	205	390	220	170
English	25	15	15	874,185	438,570	435,615	260	150	115	70	50	25
French	305	150	160	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	205	110	95	320	175	150
Non-official languages	35	15	15	662,615	322,860	339,750	330	185	140	110	50	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	15	628,365	305,820	322,555	330	190	140	110	50	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	116,685	59,645	57,040	35	20	10	15	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	104,890	53,505	51,380	30	20	10	15	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	102,120	52,125	49,990	30	20	10	15	0	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	25	15	10	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	25	15	10	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	65	25	35	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	55	25	30	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	5	5	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	40	20	15	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	15	10	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	10	15	336,635	164,100	172,535	130	80	50	90	40	50
Albanian	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	5	5	5	15	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	10	10	5	15	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	5	5	5	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	85	50	35	45	20	25
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	80	45	35	30	10	15
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	20	20	5	15	5	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	10	5	5	0	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	20	10	10	5	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	425	225	205	5	0	5	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	5	5	0	20	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	5	5	0	20	10	5
Dari	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	5	5	0	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	5	5	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	182,585	88,060	94,525	30	20	15	30	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	5	26,290	11,205	15,085	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	5	20,885	9,965	10,920	0	0	0	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	5	5	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	112,915	55,870	57,050	30	15	15	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	35	20	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	850	445	410	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	965	415	545	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	10	10	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	320	400	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	5	0	5	5	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	5	0	5	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	15	357,245	176,070	181,175	125	60	60	45	25	25
English and French	5	0	0	137,120	69,025	68,095	15	10	5	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	80	35	45	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	116,595	56,445	60,150	15	5	5	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	39,875	19,575	20,300	20	10	5	10	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	390	190	205	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	925	515	405	555	300	255
None	320	160	155	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	605	340	265	410	225	185
English	20	15	10	353,690	183,470	170,225	75	35	40	45	25	20
French	10	0	10	259,425	127,380	132,040	70	45	25	25	10	15
Non-official language	30	10	15	269,715	129,830	139,890	105	55	50	50	30	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	10	15	264,405	127,330	137,070	105	55	50	50	30	25
English and French	5	0	5	61,955	31,425	30,525	15	10	5	10	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	76,755	38,765	37,990	25	10	20	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	55,860	26,915	28,945	15	15	5	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	10	5	0	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	410	220	190	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	940	550	395	535	295	235
Official languages	405	215	190	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	900	515	385	515	285	225
English	275	160	115	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	690	395	295	400	230	165
French	395	210	190	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	525	320	205	420	235	185
Non-official languages	125	70	55	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	735	420	315	310	155	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	70	55	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	730	410	315	275	150	125
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	385,210	201,105	184,100	115	80	40	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	363,875	190,005	173,870	95	55	40	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	10	343,675	179,750	163,930	95	55	40	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	20	20	0	20	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	20	20	0	20	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	105	40	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	15	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	15	10	10	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	105	40	65	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	10	0	0	25	15	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	75	45	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	925	530	395	15	15	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	35	25	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	45	30	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	320	170	150	160	85	75
Albanian	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	20	20	0	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	20	20	0	10	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	15	15	0	10	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	10	0	0	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	0	0	0	10	10	0
German	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	165	85	80	55	25	30
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	165	85	80	30	15	20
Assamese	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	40	20	20	30	10	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	40	25	15	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	85	30	55	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	55	25	25	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0	25	15	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0	25	15	10
Dari	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	45	30	684,830	324,095	360,735	125	60	60	85	40	45
Catalan	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	20	15	168,040	82,400	85,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	50	35	15	453,905	210,400	243,505	110	50	60	85	40	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	105	70	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	20	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	10	10	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	570	375	195	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	15	15	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	0	0	0	15	15	0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	0	0	0	15	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	0	0	0	15	15	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	410	220	190	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	940	550	390	535	300	235
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	10	0	10	50	20	30
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0	50	20	30
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	410	220	190	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	935	550	385	485	280	210
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	410	220	190	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	940	550	390	535	300	235
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	410	220	190	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	940	550	390	535	300	235
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	475	...	...	290	...	...
Owner	80	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
Renter	125	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	455	...	...	285	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	475	...	...	290	...	...
Condominium	20	...	...	515,590	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	185	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	440	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	475	...	...	290	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	75	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	60	...	...	623,295	...	...	250	...	...	150	...	...
2 bedrooms	60	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	90	...	...	45	...	...
3 bedrooms	50	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	45	...	...	75	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	25	...	...	730,330	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	475	...	...	290	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	85	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	405	...	...	205	...	...
5 rooms	55	...	...	645,635	...	...	40	...	...	70	...	...
6 rooms	15	...	...	435,225	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
7 rooms	25	...	...	403,225	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	20	...	...	886,180	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1	...	...	5.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	475	...	...	290	...	...
One person or fewer per room	205	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	425	...	...	290	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	45	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	475	...	...	290	...	...
Suitable	200	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	340	...	...	280	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	142,775	...	...	135	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	475	...	...	290	...	...
1960 or before	145	...	...	879,375	...	...	100	...	...	35	...	...
1961 to 1980	35	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	155	...	...	200	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	509,120	...	...	75	...	...	25	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	385,315	...	...	70	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	475	...	...	290	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	185	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	395	...	...	230	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	236,110	...	...	75	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	475	...	...	290	...	...
One-maintainer household	125	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	345	...	...	200	...	...
Two-maintainer household	75	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	100	...	...	80	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	89,875	...	...	30	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	475	...	...	290	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...	117,525	...	...	80	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	30	...	...	525,540	...	...	115	...	...	30	...	...
35 to 44 years	30	...	...	647,165	...	...	95	...	...	45	...	...
45 to 54 years	25	...	...	628,630	...	...	60	...	...	45	...	...
55 to 64 years	35	...	...	760,395	...	...	85	...	...	30	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	629,965	...	...	25	...	...	55	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	336,170	...	...	15	...	...	40	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	103,640	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	205	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	465	...	...	290	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	305	...	...	230	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	60	...	...	595,690	...	...	165	...	...	60	...	...
30% to less than 100%	45	...	...	542,060	...	...	145	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	475	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	901,440	...	...	310	...	...	115	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	55	...	...	537,090	...	...	115	...	...	55	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	112,775	...	...	95	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	179,840	...	...	35	...	...	45	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	41,740	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	125	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	165	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	190	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	450	...	...	275	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	218,275	...	...	95	...	...	60	...	...
Not in core need	185	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	355	...	...	220	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	85	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.8	...	...	62.2	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.5	...	...	10.0	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	1,070	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,480	...	...	1,195	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	560,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	580,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	120	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	460	...	...	280	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	10.9	...	...	30.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.5	...	...	25.2	...	...	34.1	...	...	17.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	11.9	...	...	21.6	...	...	18.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	810	...	...	705	...	...	750	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	886	...	...	736	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	410	220	190	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	940	545	395	535	300	235
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	400	215	190	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	930	545	385	495	285	215
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	410	220	190	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	945	545	395	535	295	240
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	370	195	175	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	485	295	195	425	235	195
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30	20	10	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	135	90	45	70	35	40
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	335	170	165	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	350	205	150	355	195	165
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	40	25	15	518,265	264,490	253,775	460	255	205	105	65	40
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	410	220	190	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	945	545	395	535	295	240
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	315	165	150	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	235	150	85	300	160	145
Immigrants⁸¹	65	40	25	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	460	245	215	175	105	70
Before 1980	30	15	10	187,200	91,895	95,300	25	15	0	20	20	0
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	124,610	61,850	62,755	25	25	0	20	0	10
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	190,495	91,635	98,860	100	40	60	50	30	15
2001 to 2010	10	0	10	312,210	150,825	161,390	80	55	25	60	30	30
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	10	0	396,090	192,745	203,340	230	110	120	35	25	10
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	193,345	93,485	99,855	95	30	65	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	10	10	0	202,740	99,260	103,480	130	75	60	25	15	10
Non-permanent residents⁸³	35	15	15	205,770	113,500	92,275	250	150	95	55	30	20
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	60	35	30	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	455	245	215	175	105	75
Under 5 years	0	0	0	112,295	56,755	55,540	20	10	10	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	201,385	101,555	99,835	75	35	35	15	10	0
15 to 24 years	10	10	0	213,035	96,175	116,860	75	35	35	25	15	10
25 to 44 years	50	25	30	594,845	292,975	301,875	245	135	105	105	70	40
45 years and over	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	50	20	25	25	10	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	60	35	30	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	455	245	215	175	105	75
Americas	10	10	0	264,885	121,740	143,145	80	40	40	45	25	20
Brazil	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0	15	10	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	35	15	15	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	30	10	20	10	0	0
Europe	20	10	15	309,015	154,110	154,910	25	25	0	45	25	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	0	0	0	35	15	15
Germany	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	20	10	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	10	10	0	10	0	10
Africa	20	10	10	302,010	153,655	148,355	120	60	60	20	15	0
Algeria	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	10	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	100	45	50	0	0	0
Asia	15	10	0	332,925	158,445	174,475	230	125	110	70	45	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	110	40	70	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	25	25	0	10	10	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	70	40	30	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10	10	0	202,740	99,265	103,480	130	75	55	25	15	10
Americas	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	10	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	10	10	0	20	10	10
France	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	0	0	0	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	10	10	0	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	35	15	25	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	15	0	10	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	75	50	30	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	50	30	25	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	15	10	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	410	220	190	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	940	550	390	530	295	235
First generation¹⁰⁰	105	55	50	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	705	400	305	235	140	95
Second generation¹⁰¹	45	25	20	883,485	446,000	437,490	180	120	65	80	35	50
Third generation or more¹⁰²	260	140	115	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	50	30	20	220	120	95
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	30	20	15	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	435	230	210	160	95	65
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	15	10	15	559,935	290,040	269,895	185	80	105	60	45	15
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15	10	15	267,870	161,125	106,740	115	45	70	45	35	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	292,070	128,915	163,155	65	35	30	15	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	0	0	0	272,255	109,735	162,515	125	60	65	35	20	15
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	175,740	89,995	85,740	120	80	35	60	30	30
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	30	20	15	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	435	230	210	160	95	65
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	85	55	30	40	25	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	94,185	46,445	47,740	60	0	55	20	20	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	20	10	15	756,120	358,700	397,420	275	165	110	95	45	50
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	410	220	190	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	940	550	390	530	295	235
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	75	45	30	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	785	445	340	235	115	115
South Asian	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	265	155	110	45	15	35
Chinese	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	0	0	0	25	25	0
Black	0	0	0	422,405	206,335	216,070	230	145	85	35	20	20
Filipino	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	100	50	50	0	0	0
Arab	25	15	10	280,075	146,990	133,085	45	25	25	0	0	0
Latin American	10	10	0	172,925	85,035	87,880	75	40	40	45	25	30
Southeast Asian	15	10	10	70,455	33,510	36,945	30	20	10	20	10	15
West Asian	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0	25	15	10
Korean	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	35	10	30	15	0	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	335	170	160	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	155	100	60	295	180	120
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	410	220	190	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	945	545	395	535	295	240
Canadian	65	30	30	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	55	40	15	70	40	30
English	10	10	0	177,710	88,910	88,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	20	15	10	404,190	193,440	210,745	10	0	0	15	15	0
Scottish	15	10	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	0	0	0	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	190	100	90	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	20	20	0	105	70	35
German	10	0	10	124,305	60,295	64,010	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	10	10	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	0	0	0	20	20	0
Italian	35	20	20	316,315	157,600	158,720	0	0	0	15	10	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	85	45	40	10	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	35	25	10	931,940	465,630	466,305	0	0	0	25	0	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	105	55	50	0	0	0
French Canadian	25	20	10	588,805	290,630	298,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	50	45	10	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	10	10	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	30	15	10	20	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	10	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	30	25	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	50	30	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0	15	10	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	25	15	10	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	75	45	30	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	15	15	0	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	20	15	10	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0	40	15	20
Tamil	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	10	0	10	0	0	0
Moroccan	15	0	10	81,230	41,590	39,635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	35	15	20	30	10	20
Algerian	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	15	0	15	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	15	15	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	10	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	410	220	190	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	940	550	390	535	300	235
Buddhist	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	10	10	0	25	0	15
Christian	135	70	65	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	410	225	185	265	135	130
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	0	0	0	464,020	229,155	234,860	60	45	20	0	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	130	70	65	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	280	155	125	255	125	125
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	145,805	70,840	74,965	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	20	10	10	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	10	0	0	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	25	0	15	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	135	80	55	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	25	15	10	421,710	218,255	203,455	215	125	90	45	25	20
Sikh	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	40	20	20	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0	10	10	0
No religion and secular perspectives	235	135	105	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	125	80	45	180	120	60
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	410	220	190	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	925	535	395	535	295	240
Non-movers	365	205	165	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	705	420	285	455	255	200
Movers	45	15	20	945,290	466,750	478,540	225	115	115	75	40	40
Non-migrants	45	15	20	543,670	268,740	274,925	160	95	65	55	25	25
Migrants	0	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	60	20	45	25	15	15
Internal migrants	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	25	0	20	10	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	0	0	0	10	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	20	0	20	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	35	10	25	15	10	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	405	215	185	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	855	495	365	530	295	235
Non-movers	270	140	125	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	380	230	150	325	185	145
Movers	135	75	60	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	475	265	210	210	115	95
Non-migrants	55	30	25	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	150	70	75	75	55	20
Migrants	75	45	35	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	325	195	130	130	55	75
Internal migrants	35	20	20	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	45	25	20	70	25	40
Intraprovincial migrants	25	10	15	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	30	20	15	25	0	10
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	15	0	10	45	15	30
External migrants	40	25	15	320,090	166,115	153,975	280	170	115	60	30	30
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	390	210	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	805	465	345	485	265	210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50	35	15	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	165	90	75	120	40	75
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	340	180	165	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	645	370	270	365	225	135
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	210	115	95	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	560	320	240	245	140	105
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	642,800	382,415	260,380	85	50	30	60	20	40
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	205	115	95	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	470	265	210	185	120	65
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	390	210	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	810	460	340	480	265	215
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	30	10	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	145	85	60	110	35	70
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	80	45	35	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	215	130	85	80	50	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	275	140	135	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	450	250	195	290	175	115
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	70	65	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	235	135	100	150	75	75
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	20	10	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	75	40	35	55	25	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	0	10	793,030	427,220	365,815	45	20	30	35	10	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	30	20	10	20	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	35	45	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	85	60	25	75	35	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	10	15	252,815	102,150	150,665	75	35	40	25	15	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	135	70	65	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	210	115	95	140	100	45
Bachelor's degree	75	45	30	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	125	60	55	50	35	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	149,425	66,595	82,825	50	35	20	20	20	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	15	25	360,795	174,150	186,645	30	20	15	70	40	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	215	120	95	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	555	315	240	245	145	100
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	525,155	303,815	221,345	75	50	25	55	20	35
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30	20	10	752,855	388,160	364,700	105	70	35	30	25	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	175	90	85	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	375	200	170	165	100	60
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	35	25	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	180	100	85	60	30	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	15	10	836,455	498,385	338,075	65	35	30	20	10	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	0	10	609,895	319,470	290,425	35	15	15	20	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	30	20	10	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35	20	15	838,140	372,455	465,685	60	45	20	35	20	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	174,695	72,115	102,580	50	20	35	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	105	50	60	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	195	100	90	100	65	30
Bachelor's degree	55	30	25	802,755	343,100	459,650	110	55	55	40	25	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	15	0	119,460	50,155	69,310	55	30	20	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	35	10	25	302,065	140,530	161,530	30	15	15	50	30	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	395	210	180	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	805	465	345	480	265	215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	120	75	45	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	360	215	150	190	90	100
Education	25	0	25	292,470	65,830	226,640	15	0	15	15	0	15
13. Education	25	0	25	292,470	65,830	226,640	15	0	15	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	0	15	166,900	75,420	91,480	15	0	10	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	143,365	58,875	84,490	15	0	10	15	10	0
Humanities	45	15	35	228,770	90,810	137,960	30	10	15	30	10	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	10	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	107,105	44,755	62,345	10	0	0	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	10	0	10	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	31,240	9,565	21,680	10	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	25	15	430,845	142,280	288,570	25	15	10	25	10	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	10	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	77,880	29,725	48,160	0	0	0	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	20	0	134,510	67,065	67,440	15	15	0	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	40	10	30	950,820	357,290	593,535	110	50	55	75	35	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	55,355	12,215	43,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	10	25	894,690	344,770	549,925	100	45	55	75	30	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	20	0	158,655	83,605	75,050	30	20	10	25	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	0	0	0	10	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	15	15	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	45	20	25	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	40	20	25	15	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	30	0	866,885	778,835	88,060	95	75	20	70	65	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	10	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	30	30	0	35	30	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	40	30	10	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	15	10	10	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0	15	15	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	15	0	10	515,215	101,455	413,760	80	45	35	20	15	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	10	470,150	78,875	391,275	80	45	35	20	15	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	10	10	0	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	0	0	0	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	215	115	95	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	555	320	235	245	145	105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35	25	10	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	185	115	65	85	45	40
Education	15	0	15	195,595	39,630	155,965	15	0	15	0	0	0
13. Education	15	0	15	195,595	39,630	155,965	15	0	15	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	15	129,065	58,170	70,895	15	0	10	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	110,860	45,555	65,305	15	0	10	0	0	0
Humanities	10	0	10	144,140	56,410	87,730	20	0	10	20	0	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	10	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	10	0	0	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	30	15	334,475	103,635	230,840	25	15	10	15	10	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	59,965	20,645	39,325	0	0	0	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	20	20	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	15	15	0	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	25	10	15	741,390	268,705	472,685	90	35	55	40	15	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15	10	15	697,775	259,725	438,045	85	25	55	35	15	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	20	10	10	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	15	10	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	30	10	20	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	30	10	20	15	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	75	70	0	40	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	10	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	25	25	0	25	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	25	25	0	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	15	10	0	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	15	387,725	74,730	312,995	75	35	35	10	10	0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	0	15	352,905	58,735	294,170	75	35	35	10	10	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	10	10	0	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	0	0	0	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	215	115	95	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	555	320	235	245	145	105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35	25	10	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	185	115	65	85	45	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	175	95	85	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	370	200	175	165	100	65
Location of study inside Canada	155	80	70	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	120	70	50	80	45	35
Same as province or territory of residence	150	75	70	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	115	70	45	75	40	35
Different than province or territory of residence	10	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	25	10	10	414,490	209,160	205,330	255	130	120	80	50	25
Americas	0	0	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	25	0	15	15	15	0
United States of America	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	0	138,260	74,045	64,210	25	25	0	20	10	10
Belgium	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	15	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	0	0	0	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	60	35	25	20	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	10	10	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	15	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	35	15	20	10	10	0
Asia	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	145	70	80	25	15	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	45	10	30	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	75	40	35	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	390	210	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	810	460	340	480	265	215
In the labour force	275	150	125	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	565	345	220	215	130	85
Employed	250	140	110	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	485	290	190	165	100	65
Unemployed	25	10	20	335,015	176,245	158,775	85	55	30	50	30	20
Not in the labour force	120	60	55	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	245	120	125	265	135	130
Participation rate	70.5	71.4	69.4	64.1	67.4	60.9	69.8	75.0	64.7	44.8	49.1	39.5
Employment rate	64.1	66.7	61.1	59.3	62.3	56.3	59.9	63.0	55.9	34.4	37.7	30.2
Unemployment rate	9.1	6.7	16.0	7.6	7.7	7.4	15.0	15.9	13.6	23.3	23.1	23.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	395	210	180	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	805	465	345	480	265	215
Did not work¹⁸⁶	120	65	60	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	290	140	145	295	135	160
Worked	265	150	120	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	520	320	200	185	125	50
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	115	70	45	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	140	100	40	80	60	20
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	155	80	75	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	380	220	160	105	70	40
Average weeks worked in reference year	35.4	36.0	34.8	41.3	41.7	40.8	37.1	36.2	38.6	39.0	40.0	37.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	275	150	125	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	565	345	220	215	130	85
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	30	30	0	30	10	15
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	270	150	125	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	530	315	215	185	115	75
Employee	240	135	105	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	480	285	195	155	90	60
Permanent position	185	100	80	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	330	190	140	125	80	50
Temporary position	55	30	25	623,510	296,655	326,850	150	95	60	30	15	20
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	0	10	217,905	94,210	123,700	55	40	10	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	40	30	15	405,605	202,450	203,155	100	55	45	25	15	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	15	15	530,720	324,555	206,165	50	35	20	35	25	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	275	150	125	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	565	345	220	215	130	85
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	30	30	0	30	10	15
All occupations¹⁹¹	270	150	125	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	530	315	215	185	115	75
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	25	25	778,905	256,150	522,760	60	40	20	35	20	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	25	0	360,495	272,510	87,985	20	20	0	30	30	0
3 Health occupations	15	0	10	359,665	70,075	289,590	60	45	10	0	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	60	20	40	558,725	166,020	392,700	40	0	35	10	0	10
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	45	20	20	146,560	72,400	74,165	20	10	15	15	0	15
6 Sales and service occupations	55	40	20	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	195	90	100	55	30	20
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15	15	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	75	75	0	20	20	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	45	25	25	10	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	275	150	125	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	565	345	220	215	130	85
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	30	30	0	30	10	15
All industries¹⁹¹	270	150	125	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	530	315	215	185	115	75
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	10	0	0	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	50	30	20	20	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	15	15	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	20	10	10	514,090	248,905	265,185	110	70	40	20	10	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	45	45	0	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	25	25	0	94,130	57,495	36,630	0	0	0	10	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	10	0	10	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	45	15	30	345,345	193,365	151,985	20	10	10	40	25	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	75	50	25	0	0	0
61 Educational services	30	10	20	340,885	104,300	236,590	20	0	15	10	0	10
62 Health care and social assistance	35	15	20	617,200	122,675	494,525	70	40	25	20	10	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	10	15	72,700	38,810	33,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	30	15	15	232,480	109,950	122,530	45	20	30	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	190,470	89,730	100,735	35	10	20	0	0	0
91 Public administration	20	15	10	290,765	144,705	146,055	0	0	0	20	0	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	290	160	135	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	580	345	235	210	135	75
English	20	10	10	350,525	195,385	155,145	265	125	135	40	35	0
French	140	85	50	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	120	80	40	90	45	40
Non-official language	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	20	20	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	20	20	0	0	0	0
English and French	135	65	75	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	160	120	40	70	50	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	290	160	135	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	580	345	235	210	135	75
Single responses	250	150	100	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	550	325	230	190	120	70
Official languages	250	150	100	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	530	305	225	190	120	70
English	35	25	10	668,485	365,785	302,695	345	190	155	55	45	10
French	215	125	95	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	185	115	65	135	80	60
Non-official languages	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	20	20	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	20	20	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	10	35	269,365	142,370	126,995	25	20	0	15	10	0
English and French	45	10	35	249,945	132,640	117,300	20	20	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	10	0	0	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	290	160	135	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	580	345	235	210	135	75
None	200	105	95	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	430	245	185	145	90	55
English	80	40	40	720,960	391,075	329,885	60	35	25	50	35	10
French	10	10	0	302,145	161,340	140,805	85	65	20	15	10	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	250	140	110	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	480	290	190	165	100	65
Worked at home	85	40	45	897,770	435,285	462,480	30	20	15	65	45	25
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	10	10	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	115	75	40	0	0	0
Usual place of work	155	85	70	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	340	200	140	95	45	45
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	155	90	65	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	340	200	140	90	45	40
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	140	80	60	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	270	150	120	65	30	40
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	419,210	203,335	215,875	35	25	15	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10	0	10	823,150	442,385	380,765	30	20	0	15	15	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	165	100	65	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	450	270	180	100	55	45
Car, truck or van	55	35	20	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	120	105	10	25	15	0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	55	35	20	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	115	100	10	25	15	0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	10	10	0	0	0	0
Public transit	60	35	25	287,345	120,460	166,885	290	135	155	45	30	20
Walked	20	15	10	178,645	78,570	100,075	40	30	10	20	0	10
Bicycle	10	10	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other method	15	0	15	54,645	28,740	25,895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	165	100	65	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	450	270	180	100	55	45
Less than 15 minutes	55	20	30	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	80	45	35	0	0	0
15 to 29 minutes	35	20	15	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	75	55	20	55	25	30
30 to 44 minutes	60	45	10	635,870	363,430	272,445	145	80	70	25	10	15
45 to 59 minutes	20	10	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	80	50	35	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	206,480	126,635	79,840	65	45	15	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	165	100	65	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	450	270	180	100	55	45
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	25	25	0	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	25	0	569,745	368,480	201,265	40	30	15	10	10	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	50	15	30	935,640	441,465	494,170	110	60	50	20	10	0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35	20	20	626,895	259,220	367,675	35	20	20	40	15	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25	10	15	330,930	142,495	188,435	85	50	30	20	10	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	25	0	489,685	284,160	205,530	155	95	55	15	10	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	50	20	30	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	155	80	75	70	45	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	303,835	156,030	147,805	35	20	20	20	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	15	25	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	115	65	55	50	30	20
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	40	20	20	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	100	55	45	60	35	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	230,080	118,075	112,005	25	15	5	20	10	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	175,305	90,000	85,305	25	10	5	20	10	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	5	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	5	5	0	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	15	15	992,895	508,315	484,580	75	40	35	40	30	15

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not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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