Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662604More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661844More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24662583More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	422	...	...	605	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	533	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	214	...	...	350	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	227	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	199	...	...	326	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	218	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,414.2	...	...	19,967.0	...	...	6.5	...	...	6,197.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.10	...	...	0.03	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.09	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	420	225	195	605	360	245	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	535	245	290
0 to 14 years	50	30	25	60	30	30	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	100	50	55
0 to 4 years	15	10	5	20	10	5	422,980	217,145	205,840	30	15	15
5 to 9 years	15	5	10	30	10	15	478,955	245,295	233,665	45	20	20
10 to 14 years	15	10	5	15	10	5	489,425	250,855	238,570	30	15	15
15 to 64 years	320	180	140	475	290	185	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	350	160	190
15 to 19 years	30	15	15	15	10	10	429,400	219,400	209,995	30	15	10
20 to 24 years	35	25	15	50	35	15	460,660	235,250	225,405	25	10	15
25 to 29 years	50	30	15	80	50	35	527,150	266,455	260,700	35	15	20
30 to 34 years	45	20	20	80	50	30	536,040	267,770	268,270	30	15	15
35 to 39 years	30	15	10	55	30	25	550,425	274,350	276,075	45	15	25
40 to 44 years	35	20	15	60	35	20	572,565	286,405	286,160	35	20	15
45 to 49 years	25	10	15	35	15	15	516,465	259,565	256,905	35	20	15
50 to 54 years	30	15	15	30	20	10	522,935	262,610	260,325	30	10	20
55 to 59 years	25	10	15	30	25	10	615,690	307,230	308,465	40	20	25
60 to 64 years	15	10	10	30	20	10	625,610	307,710	317,900	40	20	20
65 years and over	50	15	35	65	40	30	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	80	35	45
65 to 69 years	15	5	10	25	15	10	541,970	264,020	277,950	25	5	15
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	25	15	10	455,900	217,985	237,910	25	15	10
75 to 79 years	15	5	5	15	10	10	330,840	153,790	177,050	20	10	10
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	210,405	90,825	119,580	5	5	5
85 years and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	214,415	75,305	139,115	10	5	5
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	131,755	50,610	81,150	5	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	0	5	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.9	13.3	12.8	9.9	8.3	12.2	16.4	17.0	15.8	18.7	20.4	19.0
15 to 64 years	76.2	80.0	71.8	78.5	80.6	75.5	63.0	63.9	62.1	65.4	65.3	65.5
65 years and over	11.9	6.7	17.9	10.7	11.1	12.2	20.6	19.1	22.1	15.0	14.3	15.5
85 years and over	1.2	0.0	2.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.5	1.8	3.2	1.9	2.0	1.7
Average age of the population	38.2	36.0	40.6	38.5	39.3	37.4	42.8	41.8	43.7	39.9	40.4	39.4
Median age of the population	34.8	32.8	38.8	36.0	36.8	34.4	43.2	42.0	44.0	40.0	40.8	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	200	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...
Single-detached house	10	...	...	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	85	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	0	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	5	...	...	98,625	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	5	...	...	271,245	...	...	50	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	170	...	...	315	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	70	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	200	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...
1 person	70	...	...	190	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	50	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	80	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	30	...	...	480,135	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	25	...	...	427,605	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	5	...	...	228,060	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	420	225	200	555	320	240	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	530	245	290
Average household size	2.1	...	...	1.7	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	375	195	175	545	325	215	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	430	195	235
Married or living common-law	180	90	85	195	95	95	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	260	135	130
Married	80	40	40	85	45	45	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	130	65	65
Living common-law	95	50	50	105	50	55	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	130	65	65
Living common law - Never married	90	45	45	90	40	50	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	105	55	50
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	20	10	5	261,885	135,520	126,370	25	10	15
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	190	105	90	350	230	115	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	165	65	105
Not married and not living common law - Never married	150	90	60	310	210	100	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	130	55	75
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	10	5	5	106,275	48,095	58,175	5	5	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20	10	15	20	15	10	494,210	197,455	296,755	20	5	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	5	10	10	0	5	380,100	89,515	290,580	15	5	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	115	...	...	110	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	160	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	65	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	25	...	...	454,980	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	20	...	...	412,850	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	0	...	...	187,600	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	110	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	160	...	...
Total couple families	85	...	...	95	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	130	...	...
Married couples	40	...	...	40	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	65	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	20	...	...	502,020	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	20	...	...	609,605	...	...	25	...	...
Common-law couples	50	...	...	50	...	...	828,005	...	...	70	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	20	...	...	401,885	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	35	...	...	426,120	...	...	35	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	15	...	...	383,775	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	10	...	...	284,025	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	5	...	...	99,755	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	420	225	200	555	320	240	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	530	245	290
Total - Persons in census families	315	160	155	285	140	145	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	460	215	245
Married spouses or common-law partners	175	85	85	190	95	95	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	260	130	130
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	15	5	10	383,780	99,755	284,020	30	10	20
Children⁶	110	65	40	80	40	40	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	175	80	90
In a two-parent family	70	40	30	60	30	35	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	130	65	70
In a one-parent family	40	25	15	20	15	10	585,820	317,400	268,415	35	15	20
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	110	65	40	275	175	95	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	75	25	45
Living alone	70	35	35	190	125	65	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	50	20	35
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	5	0	0	165,070	74,060	91,005	10	0	5
Living with non-relatives only	30	25	5	80	50	30	268,810	158,325	110,485	15	10	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	200	...	...	330	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	215	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	110	...	...	110	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	155	...	...
Couple-family households	80	...	...	95	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	125	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	40	...	...	851,835	...	...	70	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	55	...	...	982,260	...	...	55	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	15	...	...	331,395	...	...	30	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	50,790	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	66,750	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	30	...	...	139,280	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	70	...	...	185	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	55	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	370	195	175	495	285	210	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	430	200	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	190	170	470	270	195	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	425	195	230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	41,600	40,800	48,000	45,600	48,400	40,800	44,800	37,200	48,000	51,200	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	190	170	470	270	195	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	425	195	230
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	36,800	36,000	40,000	38,800	41,200	36,400	39,200	33,600	41,600	42,800	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	340	175	160	430	245	190	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	400	185	215
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,800	28,600	40,800	40,800	40,400	33,600	39,600	28,000	40,400	44,400	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	305	165	135	375	215	160	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	330	155	170
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	27,200	45,200	44,400	45,600	36,000	40,400	31,600	41,200	44,000	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	300	155	140	375	215	160	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	325	135	190
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	7,700	10,900	8,000	9,200	6,900	11,500	10,200	12,300	9,400	9,800	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50	30	25	40	25	15	837,635	441,080	396,550	35	20	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,880	4,680	5,840	5,760	5,560	x	5,520	5,520	5,600	6,280	x	6,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	125	80	45	160	100	60	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	125	70	60
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	8,200	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	6,000	6,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	385	215	175	475	280	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	420	190	230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	385	210	175	445	265	180	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	420	190	230
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,800	50,400	59,600	64,400	67,500	60,400	51,160	57,550	44,960	68,400	74,500	63,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	385	210	175	445	265	180	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	420	190	230
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,200	42,000	46,800	50,400	51,200	49,600	41,840	45,760	38,000	54,200	56,000	52,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	200	170	415	235	175	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	410	185	220
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,400	44,800	50,400	61,600	66,500	55,200	45,480	52,900	38,000	61,800	69,500	55,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	315	175	140	375	210	155	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	355	180	185
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	47,600	41,000	59,800	62,800	56,000	46,240	51,950	40,040	61,800	70,000	54,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	185	150	345	210	135	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	340	145	190
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,960	8,200	12,000	9,200	9,700	8,600	12,410	11,500	13,220	10,000	8,200	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70	35	35	30	15	15	837,180	441,665	395,515	50	25	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,600	5,200	7,200	x	9,000	7,040	6,380	7,780	7,200	5,200	9,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105	60	45	130	80	50	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	140	85	60
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,200	8,800	10,200	10,400	10,000	8,130	7,910	8,390	7,200	7,800	6,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	390	215	170	475	285	195	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	425	190	235
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	155	95	60	185	95	85	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	195	90	105
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	66,000	64,500	82,000	82,000	76,000	58,400	62,800	53,600	62,400	71,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,000	66,000	72,000	92,000	98,000	86,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	89,000	112,000	69,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145	80	65	145	80	60	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	135	65	60
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,600	19,600	12,200	13,300	13,300	25,000	18,600	21,400	16,600	26,600	34,000	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	25,600	20,000	27,600	32,000	21,000	28,160	32,120	24,360	34,500	29,000	40,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	86.0	82.0	89.0	88.0	90.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	88.0	92.0	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0	77.0	56.0	77.5	76.0	80.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	77.0	86.0	68.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0	14.4	17.5	11.1	11.4	10.8	20.1	15.8	25.6	11.8	8.4	15.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	0.8	x	1.2	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.3	0.9	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	6.0	4.2	5.0	5.1	4.8	5.4	4.8	6.1	3.9	4.6	3.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	5.6	3.6	4.6	4.8	4.4	4.6	4.3	5.1	3.5	4.4	2.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	375	195	175	495	285	210	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	430	195	235
Without total income	15	5	5	25	15	10	179,955	87,650	92,310	5	5	0
With total income	360	185	170	465	270	200	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	425	190	230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	10	15	35	15	20	462,400	204,245	258,155	35	10	20
$10,000 to $19,999	40	25	10	45	35	15	809,375	334,315	475,065	40	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	55	25	30	55	40	20	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	40	15	25
$30,000 to $39,999	60	25	30	65	35	25	896,520	414,070	482,445	45	20	25
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	20	45	25	25	849,005	411,680	437,325	55	30	25
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	60	30	30	687,020	345,720	341,305	45	15	25
$60,000 to $69,999	35	25	10	30	20	15	503,110	271,695	231,415	35	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	15	20	5	10	367,455	208,475	158,980	25	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	25	15	5	284,690	158,760	125,930	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	15	10	5	198,140	112,355	85,780	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	30	15	10	70	40	30	556,780	365,700	191,080	60	35	25
$100,000 to $149,999	25	15	10	45	25	25	385,890	245,635	140,260	40	20	20
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	20	15	5	170,890	120,065	50,820	20	15	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	375	195	175	495	285	210	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	430	195	235
Without after-tax income	15	5	5	25	15	10	177,960	86,610	91,355	5	5	0
With after-tax income	360	185	170	465	270	200	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	425	190	230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	15	15	40	20	20	495,035	214,000	281,030	40	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	35	25	15	50	40	15	853,250	356,480	496,765	35	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	65	30	35	70	45	25	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	60	20	35
$30,000 to $39,999	70	35	30	75	40	35	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	65	25	35
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	20	70	40	30	994,235	505,970	488,265	65	30	35
$50,000 to $59,999	40	30	15	50	20	25	691,015	372,870	318,145	50	25	25
$60,000 to $69,999	25	10	15	35	20	15	459,665	251,490	208,170	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	30	15	10	292,135	160,985	131,150	20	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	5	10	0	5	174,905	104,610	70,295	30	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	15	10	5	106,165	67,055	39,105	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	15	5	5	30	20	10	229,765	156,750	73,020	25	15	10
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	15	10	5	119,125	78,615	40,515	10	5	5
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	15	10	5	110,635	78,130	32,505	15	10	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	375	195	175	495	285	210	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	430	195	235
Without employment income	70	30	35	125	75	50	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	100	40	60
With employment income	300	165	140	370	210	155	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	330	155	175
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	20	15	50	30	20	644,075	331,770	312,300	55	30	20
$5,000 to $9,999	30	20	15	20	15	10	401,185	180,585	220,595	20	10	15
$10,000 to $19,999	35	20	15	40	30	10	603,350	273,725	329,620	30	10	20
$20,000 to $29,999	35	10	25	35	15	15	495,105	228,670	266,435	20	5	15
$30,000 to $39,999	35	25	10	25	10	15	488,000	239,620	248,380	30	10	15
$40,000 to $49,999	30	20	10	30	20	15	485,845	242,230	243,610	35	20	15
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	10	35	20	20	403,980	217,425	186,560	20	10	15
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	5	25	10	10	320,700	184,770	135,935	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	20	10	10	250,635	147,020	103,615	15	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	20	10	10	218,100	120,085	98,020	15	5	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	10	5	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	30	15	10	55	35	25	422,055	285,910	136,145	55	30	20
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	25	10	10	205,085	133,500	71,585	30	15	15
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	30	25	10	216,965	152,410	64,555	25	15	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	370	195	175	495	285	210	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	430	200	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	180	160	450	265	190	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	410	185	230
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	36,400	43,600	44,000	36,800	47,600	38,400	43,200	34,000	46,400	49,600	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	180	160	450	265	190	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	410	185	230
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	32,800	36,400	37,200	34,400	39,600	34,000	37,600	30,600	40,400	41,200	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	170	155	425	245	180	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	395	175	215
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	36,400	38,800	41,200	38,400	42,400	34,800	40,400	29,200	42,800	45,200	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	290	155	130	370	210	160	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	330	150	180
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	39,200	37,600	42,000	38,400	44,000	36,400	41,200	31,800	44,400	54,000	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	250	120	125	315	175	140	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	295	120	175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,640	1,660	4,320	2,200	2,200	2,160	7,800	5,640	9,100	5,160	3,400	6,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	15	5	35	15	20	727,165	390,255	336,910	35	15	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	x	x	5,360	x	x	5,000	4,760	5,280	4,240	x	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	385	215	175	475	280	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	420	190	230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	370	200	165	430	250	180	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	405	175	230
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	46,800	57,600	53,800	52,400	55,600	48,600	55,500	41,880	65,200	68,500	62,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	370	200	165	430	250	180	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	405	175	230
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,400	39,200	44,400	42,600	41,600	44,000	39,600	44,000	35,320	51,600	52,400	51,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360	200	160	405	225	180	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	400	175	225
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,000	44,000	50,800	53,200	54,000	52,000	45,920	53,800	37,920	60,200	66,000	56,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	310	170	140	350	200	155	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	355	160	195
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	45,600	38,500	54,600	53,600	56,000	46,240	52,450	39,520	58,600	66,000	52,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	300	160	145	280	155	130	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	285	110	175
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	5,100	9,000	5,800	6,300	5,200	9,450	8,430	10,320	7,800	4,400	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	20	0	30	0	0	727,815	390,880	336,935	55	30	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	4,500	...	9,000	...	...	7,020	5,975	8,230	8,400	5,200	12,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	390	215	170	475	285	195	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	425	190	235
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	155	95	60	185	95	85	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	195	90	105
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	63,200	59,200	66,500	75,500	61,200	54,800	60,000	49,200	59,200	62,400	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	60,000	68,000	81,000	84,000	77,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	74,000	90,000	60,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	135	75	60	130	75	55	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	130	65	60
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,000	23,200	12,500	11,400	11,700	10,400	23,600	27,200	21,000	30,800	20,400	31,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,000	20,000	26,800	23,000	31,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	45,000	36,000	54,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.0	86.0	93.0	92.0	94.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	92.0	96.0	88.0
Employment income (%)	70.0	82.0	58.0	83.0	82.0	84.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	79.5	90.0	71.0
Government transfers (%)	11.2	8.4	13.6	7.1	7.4	6.8	14.9	10.8	20.2	8.4	4.0	12.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.0	x	1.0	x	x	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.7	1.2	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	200	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	56,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	49,600	...	...	63,200	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	70	...	...	185	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	35,600	...	...	38,800	...	...	49,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	34,000	...	...	34,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	130	...	...	135	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	68,800	...	...	75,200	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	200	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	45,600	...	...	39,640	...	...	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	125	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	125,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	200	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	15	...	...	35,920	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	23,880	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	52,080	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	82,470	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	30	...	...	218,185	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	144,420	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	143,285	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	172,005	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	174,790	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	166,990	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	310,880	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	280,505	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	255,770	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	235,235	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	208,320	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	100	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	414,805	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	282,590	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	307,835	...	...	35	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	25	...	...	239,060	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	200	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	15	...	...	40,590	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	24,960	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	53,600	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	20	...	...	87,695	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	234,875	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	177,135	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	180,150	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	213,760	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	210,280	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	193,530	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	356,325	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	322,530	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	289,580	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	254,885	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	216,370	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	70	...	...	892,775	...	...	80	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	387,835	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	225,830	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	25	...	...	279,105	...	...	30	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	120	...	...	110	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	132,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	55	...	...	991,710	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	40	...	...	907,765	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	174,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	162,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	129,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.5	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	15	...	...	368,845	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	x	...	...	69,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	x	...	...	61,600	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	100	60	40	270	175	95	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	65	25	35
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	41,200	40,400	31,800	30,400	36,400	36,800	39,200	34,800	48,800	46,800	50,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	34,800	35,600	29,800	28,000	35,600	33,200	34,800	31,600	41,200	40,400	43,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	135	...	...	90	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	150	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	158,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	35	...	...	992,110	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	170,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	35	...	...	909,160	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	185,000	...	...	180,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	195,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	152,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	0	...	...	367,155	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	...	...	...	78,700	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	x	...	...	67,500	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	95	65	35	300	210	85	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	65	20	45
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,000	42,000	68,000	49,200	46,800	56,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	60,000	60,000	60,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,500	36,000	48,000	39,600	37,600	45,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	50,000	48,000	50,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	425	225	195	560	320	240	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	535	245	290
0 to 17 years	60	35	30	70	30	35	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	120	60	65
0 to 5 years	25	15	15	25	15	15	515,725	264,785	250,935	35	20	15
18 to 64 years	310	170	135	430	250	175	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	330	150	180
65 years and over	50	15	35	65	35	25	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	80	35	40
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	35	15	20	120	80	40	992,235	463,295	528,940	40	15	25
0 to 17 years	10	5	0	5	0	0	159,530	82,000	77,530	5	5	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,105	27,240	25,870	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	25	15	15	100	65	35	515,470	256,435	259,035	35	15	20
65 years and over	5	0	0	15	10	5	317,235	124,865	192,370	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	8.0	10.0	21.2	25.0	17.0	11.9	11.2	12.7	7.6	6.0	9.5
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	x	x	x	x	x	9.7	9.7	9.7	4.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	7.0	9.0	23.2	26.0	19.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	9.5	8.0	11.0
65 years and over (%)	8.0	x	x	24.0	32.0	16.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	5.0	x	10.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	420	225	200	555	320	240	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	530	245	290
0 to 17 years	65	35	30	70	35	35	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	120	60	65
0 to 5 years	30	15	10	30	15	10	511,400	262,535	248,860	35	15	20
18 to 64 years	310	170	140	425	255	180	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	330	150	180
65 years and over	50	20	30	60	35	30	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	80	40	45
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	20	15	10	105	70	35	439,850	223,055	216,795	20	10	10
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,665	31,610	30,060	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	20	15	10	95	65	30	313,970	167,015	146,955	15	5	5
65 years and over	0	0	0	5	5	0	64,210	24,430	39,780	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.6	8.0	3.0	18.4	22.0	14.0	5.3	5.4	5.2	3.2	3.0	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	9.0	4.0	22.4	26.0	18.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	4.0	5.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	8.0	12.0	x	4.0	3.3	4.7	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	420	225	195	560	320	240	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	535	245	290
In bottom half of the distribution	230	125	105	305	185	115	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	215	100	115
In bottom decile	30	20	5	125	85	40	851,840	407,705	444,140	40	15	20
In second decile	60	35	30	60	35	25	920,490	434,730	485,760	25	10	15
In third decile	55	25	25	40	25	20	969,255	471,650	497,600	40	25	20
In fourth decile	35	15	20	40	25	25	978,345	482,760	495,590	55	30	25
In fifth decile	50	25	20	35	25	15	947,090	473,285	473,810	55	25	30
In top half of the distribution	195	105	90	255	135	120	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	315	145	170
In sixth decile	60	35	25	40	20	15	899,660	454,970	444,690	60	30	30
In seventh decile	40	15	15	40	20	15	837,225	425,400	411,830	55	30	25
In eighth decile	40	25	15	70	40	30	752,410	383,450	368,955	80	35	45
In ninth decile	30	10	15	55	20	35	634,425	325,700	308,730	65	30	40
In top decile	30	15	15	55	30	25	517,725	267,160	250,565	60	25	30
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	420	...	...	555	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.295	...	...	0.432	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.330	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.390	...	...	0.514	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.414	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...	0.362	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	5.9	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	420	225	200	605	355	245	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	530	245	290
English only	10	5	5	40	30	10	445,575	228,840	216,735	5	0	5
French only	100	45	50	125	60	65	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	165	75	95
English and French	305	170	135	440	270	170	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	355	170	185
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	0	0	0	82,075	35,200	46,875	5	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	420	225	200	605	355	245	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	530	245	290
English	35	20	15	105	60	40	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	30	10	20
French	350	190	165	460	270	190	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	470	220	255
English and French	30	20	15	40	25	15	329,515	169,050	160,465	25	15	15
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	0	0	0	79,000	33,590	45,410	5	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	420	225	200	605	355	245	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	530	245	290
Single responses	395	210	185	560	330	230	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	515	235	280
Official languages	305	165	140	470	275	190	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	425	195	225
English	20	15	5	70	45	25	639,365	323,170	316,195	20	5	10
French	295	155	140	400	230	170	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	405	190	215
Non-official languages	85	45	40	90	55	35	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	90	40	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	45	40	90	55	35	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	90	40	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	20	10	5	233,220	122,895	110,320	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	20	10	5	204,600	107,735	96,865	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5	20	10	5	198,785	104,765	94,020	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	5	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	5	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	25	25	55	35	20	595,790	290,670	305,115	65	30	40
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	5	0	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	68,295	30,855	37,435	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	67,565	30,570	36,995	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	5	0	5	25,580	12,440	13,140	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	101,450	52,780	48,665	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	20	40	20	15	346,000	167,870	178,130	65	25	40
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	10	0	0	0	90,940	44,080	46,865	15	10	10
Portuguese	10	5	5	10	5	5	41,545	19,890	21,650	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	5	35,810	17,115	18,695	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	15	20	20	5	177,155	86,490	90,660	45	15	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	87,540	40,170	47,375	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	87,155	39,990	47,160	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	5	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	5	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	10	50	25	20	308,550	155,455	153,095	20	10	10
English and French	10	0	5	25	15	10	126,405	64,585	61,820	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0	0	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	15	10	5	94,205	46,880	47,320	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	5	5	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	420	225	200	605	355	245	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	530	245	290
English	15	5	5	65	45	25	623,305	313,780	309,520	15	5	15
French	280	155	125	370	220	150	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	390	180	210
Non-official language	20	15	10	15	10	5	366,730	177,410	189,315	25	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	10	15	10	5	343,650	165,830	177,825	25	15	10
English and French	30	10	15	80	45	40	497,380	256,735	240,645	35	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	20	15	10	205,755	102,290	103,470	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	25	10	10	375,795	179,585	196,210	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	20	10	10	284,940	141,275	143,665	20	5	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	420	225	200	605	355	245	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	530	245	290
Single responses	395	215	185	565	330	235	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	510	230	275
Official languages	355	190	165	530	310	215	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	470	215	260
English	30	15	15	95	55	35	874,185	438,570	435,615	25	10	20
French	325	175	150	430	250	180	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	445	205	235
Non-official languages	40	20	20	40	20	15	662,615	322,860	339,750	45	20	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	20	40	20	15	628,365	305,820	322,555	45	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	10	5	0	116,685	59,645	57,040	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	10	5	0	104,890	53,505	51,380	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	10	5	0	102,120	52,125	49,990	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	5	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	30	15	10	336,635	164,100	172,535	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	20	15	10	182,585	88,060	94,525	25	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	5	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	5	5	5	5	20,885	9,965	10,920	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	15	5	10	10	5	5	112,915	55,870	57,050	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	15	35	25	10	357,245	176,070	181,175	20	10	10
English and French	10	5	5	25	15	10	137,120	69,025	68,095	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	5	5	5	116,595	56,445	60,150	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,875	19,575	20,300	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	420	225	200	605	360	245	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	530	245	290
None	335	180	150	490	300	190	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	450	210	245
English	20	10	15	50	30	25	353,690	183,470	170,225	30	15	15
French	15	10	5	20	10	15	259,425	127,380	132,040	10	0	5
Non-official language	25	10	15	30	10	15	269,715	129,830	139,890	25	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	30	10	15	264,405	127,330	137,070	25	10	15
English and French	5	5	5	5	5	0	61,955	31,425	30,525	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	5	0	0	76,755	38,765	37,990	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	5	0	0	55,860	26,915	28,945	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	460	260	195	535	310	225	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	570	260	310
Official languages	460	260	195	535	310	225	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	560	260	305
English	335	195	140	445	265	180	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	370	160	205
French	460	260	195	485	280	210	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	560	260	305
Non-official languages	145	75	70	200	125	80	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	170	75	90
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	75	70	200	125	80	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	170	75	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	40	35	10	385,210	201,105	184,100	20	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	40	35	10	363,875	190,005	173,870	20	10	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	15	0	10	40	35	10	343,675	179,750	163,930	20	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	20	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	15	0	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	70	55	150	80	70	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	135	55	80
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	10	10	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	10	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	10	10	0	10	10	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	10	0	0
German	10	10	0	10	10	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	10	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	70	55	135	70	65	684,830	324,095	360,735	130	55	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20	0	0	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	30	15	20
Portuguese	20	20	0	10	10	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	15	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	80	45	35	125	65	65	453,905	210,400	243,505	100	45	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	107,415	49,840	57,575	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	106,915	49,630	57,285	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	0	10	80,520	37,100	43,420	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	460	260	200	530	305	225	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	570	260	310
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	460	260	200	530	305	225	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	570	260	305
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	460	260	200	530	305	225	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	570	260	310
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	460	260	200	530	305	225	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	570	260	305
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Owner	80	...	...	105	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	140	...	...
Renter	125	...	...	220	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	70	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Condominium	15	...	...	80	...	...	515,590	...	...	15	...	...
Not condominium	185	...	...	240	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	25	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	35	...	...	125	...	...	623,295	...	...	15	...	...
2 bedrooms	95	...	...	105	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	65	...	...
3 bedrooms	60	...	...	60	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	80	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20	...	...	15	...	...	730,330	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	100	...	...	220	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	40	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	45	...	...	645,635	...	...	30	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	35	...	...	435,225	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...	15	...	...	403,225	...	...	25	...	...
8 or more rooms	20	...	...	10	...	...	886,180	...	...	75	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1	...	...	3.8	...	...	5.8	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
One person or fewer per room	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	205	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Suitable	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	205	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	0	...	...	142,775	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
1960 or before	130	...	...	185	...	...	879,375	...	...	140	...	...
1961 to 1980	55	...	...	70	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	50	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	15	...	...	509,120	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	10	...	...	385,315	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	10	...	...	198,595	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	10	...	...	231,930	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	20	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	10	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	180	...	...	295	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	185	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	30	...	...	236,110	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
One-maintainer household	105	...	...	225	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	75	...	...
Two-maintainer household	90	...	...	90	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	130	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	10	...	...	89,875	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	205	...	...	325	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...	40	...	...	117,525	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	40	...	...	85	...	...	525,540	...	...	30	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	85	...	...	647,165	...	...	50	...	...
45 to 54 years	40	...	...	40	...	...	628,630	...	...	45	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	45	...	...	760,395	...	...	45	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	25	...	...	629,965	...	...	25	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	336,170	...	...	20	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	103,640	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	200	...	...	320	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	210	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	190	...	...	205	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	200	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15	...	...	115	...	...	595,690	...	...	0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	15	...	...	100	...	...	542,060	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	205	...	...	330	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	140	...	...	901,440	...	...	35	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15	...	...	105	...	...	537,090	...	...	10	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	0	...	...	112,775	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	20	...	...	179,840	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	10	...	...	41,740	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	160	...	...	185	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	205	...	...	310	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	205	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	55	...	...	218,275	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	205	...	...	250	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	80	...	...	105	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	145	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.5	...	...	71.4	...	...	62.2	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	28.6	...	...	10.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,960	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	2,080	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,580	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	624,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	650,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	720,000	...	...	630,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	710,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	120	...	...	220	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	65	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	39.5	...	...	25.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	22.5	...	...	11.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	800	...	...	810	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...	886	...	...	1,080	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	455	260	200	530	310	220	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	570	265	310
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	10	10	10	0	10	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	10	10	10	0	10	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	10	0	10	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	445	255	195	525	310	215	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	570	265	310
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	460	260	200	535	310	225	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	570	265	305
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	435	245	190	370	185	185	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	545	245	300
Canadian citizens aged under 18	80	55	30	65	25	45	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	175	85	90
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	350	190	160	305	165	145	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	365	155	210
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	25	15	10	160	125	35	518,265	264,490	253,775	25	20	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	460	260	200	535	310	225	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	570	265	305
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	350	195	155	275	130	150	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	505	230	275
Immigrants⁸¹	85	55	30	145	90	50	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	55	20	35
Before 1980	25	15	10	0	0	0	187,200	91,895	95,300	10	0	10
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	0	0	0	124,610	61,850	62,755	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	15	10	10	10	0	0	190,495	91,635	98,860	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	25	20	0	35	25	15	312,210	150,825	161,390	30	15	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	10	0	85	50	40	396,090	192,745	203,340	0	0	0
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	35	15	20	193,345	93,485	99,855	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	55	35	15	202,740	99,260	103,480	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	15	10	10	115	90	25	205,770	113,500	92,275	10	10	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	90	55	35	145	90	50	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	55	20	35
Under 5 years	15	0	0	15	10	0	112,295	56,755	55,540	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	10	10	0	201,385	101,555	99,835	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	30	10	20	10	0	0	213,035	96,175	116,860	10	0	10
25 to 44 years	40	35	0	90	60	30	594,845	292,975	301,875	45	20	25
45 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	90	55	35	145	90	50	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	55	20	35
Americas	35	20	10	45	30	15	264,885	121,740	143,145	30	15	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	15	15	0	15	10	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	10	10	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	20	10	10	61,020	28,545	32,480	0	0	0
Europe	40	25	15	75	40	40	309,015	154,110	154,910	15	0	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	55	30	25	93,160	49,870	43,290	10	0	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	15	10	0	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	15	0	10	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	10	15	15	0	302,010	153,655	148,355	15	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	10	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	332,925	158,445	174,475	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	50	40	15	202,740	99,265	103,480	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	25	20	10	33,705	17,520	16,185	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	25	20	10	20,980	11,325	9,655	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	460	260	200	535	310	225	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	570	260	310
First generation¹⁰⁰	105	60	45	280	195	85	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	75	35	40
Second generation¹⁰¹	85	40	40	80	35	45	883,485	446,000	437,490	105	55	50
Third generation or more¹⁰²	270	155	115	175	75	100	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	385	170	220
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	60	40	20	140	85	55	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	45	25	25
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	35	25	10	100	65	40	559,935	290,040	269,895	20	10	15
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	25	25	0	55	35	20	267,870	161,125	106,740	20	10	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10	0	10	50	25	25	292,070	128,915	163,155	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10	0	10	25	10	10	272,255	109,735	162,515	25	15	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	10	0	15	10	0	175,740	89,995	85,740	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	60	40	20	140	85	55	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	45	25	25
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	10	15	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	30	15	15	94,185	46,445	47,740	10	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0	10	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	15	0	20	15	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	20	15	15	65	45	25	756,120	358,700	397,420	35	15	20
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	460	260	200	530	310	225	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	570	260	310
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	65	35	25	125	80	40	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	70	40	35
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	0	0	0
Black	20	10	10	20	10	10	422,405	206,335	216,070	15	15	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	25	25	0	280,075	146,990	133,085	10	0	0
Latin American	40	25	15	50	30	15	172,925	85,035	87,880	30	10	20
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	10	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	395	220	175	410	225	180	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	500	225	275
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	460	260	195	535	310	225	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	570	260	305
Canadian	120	65	60	70	30	40	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	135	60	70
English	15	0	0	30	10	20	177,710	88,910	88,800	0	0	0
Irish	10	10	0	35	20	15	404,190	193,440	210,745	25	0	20
Scottish	25	15	15	50	30	20	192,685	93,120	99,565	35	20	15
French, n.o.s.¹²²	110	65	45	210	110	100	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	180	80	105
German	10	10	0	30	10	20	124,305	60,295	64,010	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	0	0	0
Italian	45	30	15	10	0	10	316,315	157,600	158,720	50	15	35
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	15	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	0	0	0
Québécois	60	30	30	25	10	20	931,940	465,630	466,305	120	50	70
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	10	0	10	38,655	19,380	19,275	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	35	20	10	15	0	0	588,805	290,630	298,180	45	15	25
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	30	25	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	0	0	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	20	15	10	99,420	50,795	48,625	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	0	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	15	10	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	30	15	15
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	10	0	10	57,320	29,015	28,305	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	20	20	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	35	15	20
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	25	10	15	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	10	0	10	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	10	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	15	10	0	35	15	20	34,305	16,985	17,320	15	15	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	10	0	10	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	30	10	25
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	15	15	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	10	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	40	20	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	460	260	200	530	305	225	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	570	260	310
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	195	105	90	190	95	95	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	320	135	185
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	20	10	30	20	15	464,020	229,155	234,860	15	0	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0
Catholic	140	75	65	140	70	70	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	305	130	170
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,805	70,840	74,965	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	10	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	50	35	15	421,710	218,255	203,455	40	20	20
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	10	10	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	265	155	110	280	170	110	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	210	105	105
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	455	260	195	525	310	215	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	565	260	305
Non-movers	420	235	190	375	215	160	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	505	235	275
Movers	35	25	10	150	90	60	945,290	466,750	478,540	55	25	30
Non-migrants	30	20	10	100	55	50	543,670	268,740	274,925	30	20	15
Migrants	0	0	0	50	40	10	401,625	198,010	203,615	25	0	15
Internal migrants	0	0	0	10	10	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	25	0	15
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	25	0	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	35	35	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	435	240	185	520	305	215	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	535	250	285
Non-movers	265	140	125	180	110	80	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	330	145	190
Movers	160	105	60	330	195	135	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	200	105	95
Non-migrants	100	55	35	160	80	75	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	135	75	55
Migrants	65	40	25	180	115	65	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	70	30	40
Internal migrants	55	40	10	70	35	35	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	60	20	40
Intraprovincial migrants	55	40	10	40	15	25	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	60	20	40
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30	20	15	83,805	41,925	41,880	0	0	0
External migrants	10	0	10	110	80	30	320,090	166,115	153,975	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	215	170	475	285	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	425	190	235
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	50	15	20	15	10	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	45	10	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	325	165	155	450	265	185	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	380	175	195
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	135	105	365	220	145	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	300	135	165
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	10	0	20	10	10	642,800	382,415	260,380	10	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	220	120	100	345	210	135	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	290	130	160
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	215	175	470	280	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	425	190	230
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	40	15	15	10	10	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	35	15	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	25	40	60	50	15	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	60	25	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	270	150	115	395	225	170	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	330	150	175
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130	70	60	80	55	25	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	95	40	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	25	15	30	25	0	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	30	10	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	0	15	20	20	0	793,030	427,220	365,815	10	0	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	15	15	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	20	0	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	40	40	40	25	20	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	50	20	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	15	0	10	0	0	252,815	102,150	150,665	25	10	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	145	80	60	315	165	145	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	230	110	120
Bachelor's degree	70	50	20	120	50	65	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	150	80	70
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	15	10	10	149,425	66,595	82,825	15	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	45	25	25	145	80	60	360,795	174,150	186,645	60	20	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	40	30	10	63,270	36,320	26,955	15	0	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	240	130	105	365	220	145	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	305	135	165
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	10	0	10	0	10	525,155	303,815	221,345	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25	10	20	30	30	0	752,855	388,160	364,700	15	0	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	195	115	85	325	190	135	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	280	130	145
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90	50	35	60	40	25	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	75	35	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	15	15	20	15	0	836,455	498,385	338,075	20	0	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	0	15	10	0	0	609,895	319,470	290,425	10	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	10	10	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	15	0	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	30	15	35	15	15	838,140	372,455	465,685	35	15	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	0	0	0	0	174,695	72,115	102,580	15	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	110	60	45	260	155	110	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	200	95	105
Bachelor's degree	55	40	15	95	45	50	802,755	343,100	459,650	135	65	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	0	0	119,460	50,155	69,310	15	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	20	20	125	75	50	302,065	140,530	161,530	40	15	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	35	25	10	49,500	26,520	22,985	15	0	15
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	390	215	175	470	280	190	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	425	195	230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	115	65	55	75	55	25	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	95	40	55
Education	20	15	15	10	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	20	0	15
13. Education	20	15	15	10	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	25	0	40	20	25	166,900	75,420	91,480	35	20	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	15	10	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	25	0	30	10	20	143,365	58,875	84,490	30	15	10
Humanities	20	15	0	45	20	20	228,770	90,810	137,960	10	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15	0	15	35,440	8,360	27,080	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	10	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	10	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	15	25	65	25	40	430,845	142,280	288,570	75	30	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	20	0	20	57,080	19,060	38,020	20	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	10	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	10	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15	0	10	65,230	15,095	50,135	20	0	15
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	20	15	0	134,510	67,065	67,440	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	50	25	25	100	65	40	950,820	357,290	593,535	75	35	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	15	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	25	25	95	65	35	894,690	344,770	549,925	65	40	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	15	0	15	10	0	158,655	83,605	75,050	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	35	35	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	15	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	30	30	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	40	0	55	35	25	866,885	778,835	88,060	50	40	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	10	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	40	15	25	181,290	147,120	34,170	30	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	10	10	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	15	0	15
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	15	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	0	40	20	10	0	515,215	101,455	413,760	25	0	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	35	10	0	0	470,150	78,875	391,275	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	15	15	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	10	10	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	235	135	100	365	220	150	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	300	135	165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45	15	20	40	35	15	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	25	0	20
Education	15	0	15	10	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	15	0	10
13. Education	15	0	15	10	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	15	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	15	0	40	15	25	129,065	58,170	70,895	30	20	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	15	10	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	15	0	20	0	20	110,860	45,555	65,305	25	15	10
Humanities	10	10	0	35	20	20	144,140	56,410	87,730	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	26,015	5,955	20,065	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	10	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	15	15	50	25	25	334,475	103,635	230,840	60	20	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	20	0	20	47,510	15,360	32,155	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	10	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	10	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	20	0	15
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	35	20	20	85	55	25	741,390	268,705	472,685	70	35	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	15	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	20	20	80	55	25	697,775	259,725	438,045	55	30	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	0	0	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	25	20	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	20	20	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	30	0	45	25	15	665,365	588,950	76,415	50	40	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	10	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	35	15	15	152,450	121,715	30,735	30	20	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	10	10	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	15	0	15
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	10	0	10	387,725	74,730	312,995	20	0	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	10	0	10	352,905	58,735	294,170	15	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	10	10	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	235	135	100	365	220	150	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	300	135	165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45	15	20	40	35	15	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	25	0	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	195	115	80	320	190	135	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	280	135	145
Location of study inside Canada	175	100	75	185	95	90	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	230	105	130
Same as province or territory of residence	175	100	75	160	75	90	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	225	105	120
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	25	20	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20	15	0	135	95	45	414,490	209,160	205,330	45	25	20
Americas	10	10	0	15	10	10	81,780	40,955	40,820	15	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	10	10	0	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	105	70	35	138,260	74,045	64,210	15	10	10
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	75	50	25	77,225	43,085	34,135	15	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	15	0	10	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10	10	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	10	10	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	385	215	175	475	280	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	425	190	230
In the labour force	295	165	125	390	230	160	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	305	155	150
Employed	280	165	115	335	205	135	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	295	150	145
Unemployed	20	0	10	55	25	20	335,015	176,245	158,775	0	0	0
Not in the labour force	95	50	45	80	50	30	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	120	40	80
Participation rate	76.6	76.7	71.4	82.1	82.1	84.2	64.1	67.4	60.9	71.8	81.6	65.2
Employment rate	72.7	76.7	65.7	70.5	73.2	71.1	59.3	62.3	56.3	69.4	78.9	63.0
Unemployment rate	6.8	0.0	8.0	14.1	10.9	12.5	7.6	7.7	7.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	390	215	175	470	280	190	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	425	195	230
Did not work¹⁸⁶	80	40	40	100	75	25	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	95	30	65
Worked	310	175	135	375	205	170	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	330	160	170
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	160	95	65	185	95	90	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	195	95	100
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	150	80	65	190	105	80	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	135	70	70
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	42.8	42.0	37.6	39.4	35.4	41.3	41.7	40.8	42.5	43.8	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	295	165	130	390	230	160	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	305	155	150
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	295	165	130	380	230	155	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	295	150	150
Employee	265	145	120	320	180	140	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	280	145	140
Permanent position	200	110	90	240	140	100	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	240	120	115
Temporary position	65	40	30	80	40	35	623,510	296,655	326,850	45	25	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	20	0	35	20	10	217,905	94,210	123,700	20	10	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	40	15	25	45	20	25	405,605	202,450	203,155	25	15	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	15	10	60	45	15	530,720	324,555	206,165	10	10	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	295	165	130	390	230	160	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	305	155	150
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	295	165	130	380	230	155	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	295	150	150
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	15	15	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	10	0	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	10	35	70	30	40	778,905	256,150	522,760	75	35	40
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	25	10	45	35	10	360,495	272,510	87,985	35	25	0
3 Health occupations	25	0	25	15	0	15	359,665	70,075	289,590	25	0	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	25	15	80	55	25	558,725	166,020	392,700	65	20	45
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	10	0	65	30	35	146,560	72,400	74,165	10	10	0
6 Sales and service occupations	70	35	30	75	45	30	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	40	20	20
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	45	0	15	10	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	30	25	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	10	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	295	165	130	390	230	160	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	305	155	150
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	295	165	130	380	230	155	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	295	150	150
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	10	10	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	15	15	0	10	0	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	25	15	10
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	20	10	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	30	15	10	25	15	15	514,090	248,905	265,185	25	20	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	25	0	0	0	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	15	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	20	15	10	45	35	10	94,130	57,495	36,630	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	10	15	15	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	10	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	15	10	95	55	40	345,345	193,365	151,985	40	25	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	10	10	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	10	0	10
61 Educational services	50	25	25	55	35	20	340,885	104,300	236,590	55	20	35
62 Health care and social assistance	30	0	30	25	10	20	617,200	122,675	494,525	35	10	25
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	20	0	10	72,700	38,810	33,890	15	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	0	15	10	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	10	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	10	10	0	190,470	89,730	100,735	20	0	15
91 Public administration	30	15	15	0	0	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	20	0	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	320	175	140	410	245	170	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	330	165	170
English	15	10	0	65	50	20	350,525	195,385	155,145	10	10	0
French	185	95	90	140	70	70	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	220	100	115
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	110	65	50	205	125	75	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	95	50	45
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	320	175	140	410	245	170	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	330	165	170
Single responses	305	170	130	355	215	145	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	310	155	155
Official languages	305	170	130	350	210	145	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	310	155	155
English	50	40	10	115	85	35	668,485	365,785	302,695	25	15	10
French	250	130	125	235	125	110	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	280	135	145
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	10	55	30	20	269,365	142,370	126,995	25	10	15
English and French	10	0	10	55	30	20	249,945	132,640	117,300	20	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	320	175	140	410	245	170	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	330	165	170
None	210	110	100	265	145	115	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	245	120	125
English	70	35	40	95	55	40	720,960	391,075	329,885	65	30	35
French	30	25	0	55	40	10	302,145	161,340	140,805	20	10	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	275	165	115	340	205	135	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	295	150	145
Worked at home	85	50	40	190	125	70	897,770	435,285	462,480	115	65	55
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	25	15	10	20	20	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	30	10	20
Usual place of work	165	95	70	125	60	65	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	155	75	70
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	165	95	70	125	60	70	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	155	75	75
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	125	65	50	120	55	60	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	120	60	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	10	10	0	0	0	419,210	203,335	215,875	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	30	15	10	10	0	0	823,150	442,385	380,765	25	15	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	190	115	75	150	80	70	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	180	90	95
Car, truck or van	100	65	35	30	15	15	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	120	60	60
Car, truck or van - as a driver	95	65	30	30	15	15	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	120	60	60
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	0	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	0	0	0
Public transit	65	30	35	40	30	15	287,345	120,460	166,885	30	15	15
Walked	15	10	0	60	25	35	178,645	78,570	100,075	25	0	20
Bicycle	0	0	0	10	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	10	10	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	190	115	75	150	80	70	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	180	90	95
Less than 15 minutes	35	15	20	20	0	15	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	55	20	35
15 to 29 minutes	95	65	30	65	30	35	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	65	35	30
30 to 44 minutes	40	20	20	30	20	10	635,870	363,430	272,445	50	25	25
45 to 59 minutes	15	10	0	15	15	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	15	10	0	206,480	126,635	79,840	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	190	115	75	150	80	70	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	180	90	95
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	10	0	0	0	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	15	0	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40	30	10	0	0	0	569,745	368,480	201,265	10	0	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	20	25	10	10	0	935,640	441,465	494,170	40	20	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	30	30	70	35	30	626,895	259,220	367,675	35	15	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	10	10	55	25	30	330,930	142,495	188,435	60	30	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15	10	10	0	0	0	489,685	284,160	205,530	15	10	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	65	35	30	70	35	35	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	120	60	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	5	20	10	10	303,835	156,030	147,805	25	10	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	30	25	55	25	30	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	100	50	45
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	40	25	20	45	20	25	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	90	45	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	5	10	5	5	230,080	118,075	112,005	25	10	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	5	5	5	175,305	90,000	85,305	15	5	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	0	0	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	20	40	15	25	992,895	508,315	484,580	65	35	30

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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