Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662604More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24661142More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	422	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	462	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	214	...	...	976,966	...	...	298	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	199	...	...	910,359	...	...	286	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,414.2	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	7,911.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.10	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.06	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	420	225	195	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	465	225	240
0 to 14 years	50	30	25	309,765	158,545	151,225	40	20	20
0 to 4 years	15	10	5	99,195	50,760	48,435	20	10	15
5 to 9 years	15	5	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	5	0	5
10 to 14 years	15	10	5	103,590	53,120	50,470	5	5	5
15 to 64 years	320	180	140	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	385	185	200
15 to 19 years	30	15	15	97,525	49,340	48,180	10	5	0
20 to 24 years	35	25	15	140,025	70,895	69,125	30	10	20
25 to 29 years	50	30	15	165,525	83,630	81,895	80	40	40
30 to 34 years	45	20	20	157,725	78,995	78,730	85	40	45
35 to 39 years	30	15	10	149,265	74,115	75,155	65	30	30
40 to 44 years	35	20	15	142,365	70,920	71,445	40	25	20
45 to 49 years	25	10	15	125,505	62,690	62,815	20	10	5
50 to 54 years	30	15	15	121,710	61,735	59,975	20	10	10
55 to 59 years	25	10	15	125,465	63,810	61,655	20	10	5
60 to 64 years	15	10	10	118,065	57,920	60,140	20	5	15
65 years and over	50	15	35	351,325	151,210	200,120	40	20	20
65 to 69 years	15	5	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	15	10	5
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	86,030	39,185	46,845	10	5	10
75 to 79 years	15	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	46,875	18,960	27,915	0	0	0
85 years and over	5	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.9	13.3	12.8	15.5	16.1	14.8	8.6	8.9	8.3
15 to 64 years	76.2	80.0	71.8	67.0	68.5	65.6	82.8	82.2	83.3
65 years and over	11.9	6.7	17.9	17.5	15.4	19.6	8.6	8.9	8.3
85 years and over	1.2	0.0	2.6	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	38.2	36.0	40.6	41.0	39.8	42.1	37.1	37.0	37.2
Median age of the population	34.8	32.8	38.8	39.6	38.4	40.4	34.8	35.2	33.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	200	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
Single-detached house	10	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	110,440	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	170	...	...	479,885	...	...	275	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	200	...	...	910,355	...	...	285	...	...
1 person	70	...	...	367,400	...	...	155	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	271,730	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	118,205	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	98,205	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	420	225	200	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	465	225	240
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	375	195	175	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	425	205	225
Married or living common-law	180	90	85	822,440	414,330	408,115	185	95	90
Married	80	40	40	577,060	289,455	287,600	70	40	35
Living common-law	95	50	50	245,385	124,870	120,510	110	60	50
Living common law - Never married	90	45	45	207,040	104,785	102,250	105	55	55
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	5	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	190	105	90	872,060	410,935	461,125	240	110	130
Not married and not living common law - Never married	150	90	60	627,845	333,150	294,700	190	95	95
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20	10	15	126,605	46,380	80,225	35	15	25
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	5	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	5	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	115	...	...	495,445	...	...	105	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	251,075	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	107,265	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	93,300	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	495,445	...	...	110	...	...
Total couple families	85	...	...	395,645	...	...	95	...	...
Married couples	40	...	...	273,070	...	...	35	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	162,745	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	110,325	...	...	20	...	...
Common-law couples	50	...	...	122,570	...	...	55	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	77,700	...	...	40	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	99,805	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	80,530	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	420	225	200	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	460	225	240
Total - Persons in census families	315	160	155	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	250	125	125
Married spouses or common-law partners	175	85	85	791,280	398,495	392,785	180	90	90
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	99,805	19,275	80,525	15	5	10
Children⁶	110	65	40	541,905	284,935	256,965	55	30	25
In a two-parent family	70	40	30	392,250	205,155	187,095	35	15	15
In a one-parent family	40	25	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	20	15	10
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	110	65	40	526,370	262,915	263,450	205	100	110
Living alone	70	35	35	367,395	175,660	191,740	160	75	80
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	5	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	30	25	5	109,690	65,235	44,455	45	20	30
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	200	...	...	910,360	...	...	285	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	110	...	...	455,970	...	...	105	...	...
Couple-family households	80	...	...	370,250	...	...	90	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	194,165	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	176,085	...	...	65	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	85,720	...	...	10	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	55,210	...	...	25	...	...
One-person households	70	...	...	367,395	...	...	160	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	370	195	175	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	425	200	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	190	170	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	415	205	215
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	41,600	40,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	46,400	45,600	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	190	170	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	415	205	215
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	36,800	36,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	41,200	40,000	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	340	175	160	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	385	185	200
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,800	28,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	45,200	45,200	45,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	305	165	135	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	360	180	185
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	27,200	32,800	36,000	29,600	44,800	43,600	44,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	300	155	140	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	335	160	175
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	7,700	10,900	10,800	9,600	12,000	6,360	5,760	7,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50	30	25	171,705	84,570	87,145	60	25	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,880	4,680	5,840	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,480	6,650	3,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	125	80	45	529,640	276,110	253,530	130	70	65
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	385	215	175	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	440	200	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	385	210	175	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	425	195	225
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,800	50,400	59,600	53,250	60,050	46,760	52,600	50,000	55,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	385	210	175	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	425	195	225
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,200	42,000	46,800	42,520	46,280	38,960	43,800	41,200	46,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	200	170	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	395	180	215
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,400	44,800	50,400	48,960	57,350	40,640	50,600	48,800	52,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	315	175	140	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	385	180	205
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	47,600	41,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	49,000	46,000	52,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	185	150	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	330	160	175
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,960	8,200	12,000	12,040	10,900	13,040	7,640	7,000	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70	35	35	171,360	84,435	86,925	45	20	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,600	5,200	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,200	9,500	3,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105	60	45	528,305	276,300	252,005	120	55	65
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,200	8,800	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,400	8,400	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	390	215	170	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	200	235
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	155	95	60	514,340	278,505	235,830	235	100	140
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	66,000	64,500	60,000	63,600	56,000	56,800	56,800	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,000	66,000	72,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	60,800	64,000	59,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145	80	65	504,455	247,565	256,895	135	75	60
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,600	19,600	12,200	16,400	17,400	15,500	21,600	20,000	25,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	25,600	20,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	31,600	25,000	39,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	86.0	82.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	89.0	88.0	88.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0	77.0	56.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	84.0	84.0	84.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0	14.4	17.5	18.9	14.4	24.4	11.3	11.2	11.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.3	2.0	0.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	6.0	4.2	6.4	5.9	7.0	5.5	5.2	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	5.6	3.6	5.7	5.4	6.0	5.0	4.8	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	375	195	175	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	425	205	225
Without total income	15	5	5	65,020	32,205	32,820	5	0	5
With total income	360	185	170	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	420	200	215
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	10	15	138,250	65,670	72,580	15	10	5
$10,000 to $19,999	40	25	10	200,450	93,060	107,390	35	15	15
$20,000 to $29,999	55	25	30	286,825	131,235	155,595	50	20	30
$30,000 to $39,999	60	25	30	215,455	102,705	112,755	60	25	30
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	20	181,505	86,460	95,040	65	30	30
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	138,185	64,805	73,380	50	25	25
$60,000 to $69,999	35	25	10	100,060	48,510	51,550	45	20	30
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	15	74,165	37,625	36,540	30	20	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	25	5	15
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	10	0	5
$100,000 and over	30	15	10	149,555	92,680	56,875	35	20	10
$100,000 to $149,999	25	15	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	20	10	10
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	10	5	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	375	195	175	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	425	205	225
Without after-tax income	15	5	5	64,605	32,005	32,605	5	0	5
With after-tax income	360	185	170	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	420	200	215
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	15	15	144,275	67,955	76,320	15	10	5
$10,000 to $19,999	35	25	15	210,975	98,495	112,480	35	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	65	30	35	334,395	155,845	178,545	70	30	40
$30,000 to $39,999	70	35	30	257,145	124,835	132,315	80	40	40
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	20	204,980	97,805	107,175	75	30	40
$50,000 to $59,999	40	30	15	139,760	67,315	72,450	55	30	20
$60,000 to $69,999	25	10	15	93,705	46,700	47,005	40	15	25
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	20	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	10	0	5
$100,000 and over	15	5	5	73,695	48,025	25,665	15	5	5
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	10	10	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	375	195	175	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	425	205	225
Without employment income	70	30	35	495,060	212,405	282,660	65	25	40
With employment income	300	165	140	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	360	175	185
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	20	15	167,560	82,405	85,155	25	15	10
$5,000 to $9,999	30	20	15	111,575	52,975	58,595	20	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	35	20	15	151,350	72,815	78,530	35	20	15
$20,000 to $29,999	35	10	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	35	15	25
$30,000 to $39,999	35	25	10	108,120	55,225	52,890	40	15	20
$40,000 to $49,999	30	20	10	104,250	51,950	52,300	35	20	15
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	10	84,485	42,940	41,540	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	45	25	20
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	10	0	5
$100,000 and over	30	15	10	115,575	74,545	41,030	35	20	10
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	47,525	28,870	18,655	10	10	5
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	68,050	45,675	22,375	20	10	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	370	195	175	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	425	200	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	180	160	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	415	200	215
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	36,400	43,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	45,200	45,200	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	180	160	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	415	200	215
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	32,800	36,400	31,000	32,800	29,400	38,000	38,400	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	170	155	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	390	185	200
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	36,400	38,800	32,000	36,000	28,200	44,800	46,400	44,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	290	155	130	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	370	175	190
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	39,200	37,600	33,600	36,800	30,400	44,000	44,800	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	250	120	125	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	295	140	155
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,640	1,660	4,320	4,440	2,760	7,300	1,500	1,450	1,530
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	15	5	114,940	56,080	58,855	35	15	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,480	x	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	385	215	175	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	440	200	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	370	200	165	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	430	195	230
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	46,800	57,600	50,000	57,050	43,280	47,000	45,200	48,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	370	200	165	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	430	195	230
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,400	39,200	44,400	39,800	43,800	35,920	38,600	37,200	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360	200	160	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	400	180	220
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,000	44,000	50,800	49,080	57,750	40,560	47,200	46,400	48,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	310	170	140	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	390	175	215
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	45,600	38,500	48,720	55,750	41,240	46,000	44,400	47,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	300	160	145	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	285	130	150
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	5,100	9,000	8,250	6,740	9,510	4,200	3,700	4,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	20	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	30	20	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	4,500	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	2,600	3,600	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	390	215	170	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	200	235
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	155	95	60	507,645	274,575	233,070	235	100	140
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	63,200	59,200	54,400	58,400	50,400	52,000	55,600	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	60,000	68,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	55,600	60,000	53,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	135	75	60	462,020	227,495	234,530	130	65	60
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,000	23,200	12,500	21,800	23,200	20,400	22,600	15,700	30,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,000	20,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	33,000	26,000	40,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.0	86.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	94.0	94.0	94.0
Employment income (%)	70.0	82.0	58.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	89.0	88.0	90.0
Government transfers (%)	11.2	8.4	13.6	12.8	8.6	18.2	5.9	5.6	6.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.0	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	0.4	0.8	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	200	...	...	910,355	...	...	285	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	66,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	58,000	...	...	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	70	...	...	367,395	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	46,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	34,000	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	130	...	...	542,960	...	...	130	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	367,255	...	...	130	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	55,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	45,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	543,100	...	...	150	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	200	...	...	910,355	...	...	285	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	25,730	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	57,720	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	41,545	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	75,485	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	67,695	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	60,495	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	54,055	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	45,830	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	270,265	...	...	75	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	85,635	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	56,205	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	62,095	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	200	...	...	910,355	...	...	285	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	27,485	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	63,030	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	48,815	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	50,890	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	47,120	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	85,490	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	75,625	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	65,530	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	197,490	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	78,870	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	45,905	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	120	...	...	501,830	...	...	110	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	179,195	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	208,260	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	95,875	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	100	60	40	477,085	240,895	236,195	200	95	110
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	41,200	40,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	44,400	43,600	44,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	34,800	35,600	31,200	31,200	31,200	38,800	38,000	38,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	135	...	...	501,905	...	...	125	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	179,455	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	208,375	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	185,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	95,455	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	52,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	95	65	35	476,520	240,280	236,245	190	80	115
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,000	42,000	68,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	48,000	48,000	48,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,500	36,000	48,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	40,400	39,500	41,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	425	225	195	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	465	220	240
0 to 17 years	60	35	30	365,020	186,710	178,315	45	20	20
0 to 5 years	25	15	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	25	10	15
18 to 64 years	310	170	135	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	375	185	195
65 years and over	50	15	35	317,425	140,270	177,155	40	20	25
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	35	15	20	321,885	154,370	167,510	55	30	30
0 to 17 years	10	5	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	25	15	15	197,020	99,310	97,710	45	20	20
65 years and over	5	0	0	70,600	27,185	43,415	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	8.0	10.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	12.4	13.0	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	7.0	9.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	11.2	13.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	8.0	x	x	22.2	19.4	24.5	28.0	x	40.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	420	225	200	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	460	220	240
0 to 17 years	65	35	30	365,025	186,705	178,315	40	20	20
0 to 5 years	30	15	10	120,610	61,615	58,995	25	10	15
18 to 64 years	310	170	140	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	380	180	195
65 years and over	50	20	30	317,425	140,265	177,155	40	20	20
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	20	15	10	213,720	108,905	104,815	35	15	15
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	20	15	10	153,385	81,765	71,620	30	15	15
65 years and over	0	0	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.6	8.0	3.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	7.2	7.0	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	9.0	4.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	7.6	8.0	7.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	420	225	195	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	465	225	240
In bottom half of the distribution	230	125	105	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	270	120	145
In bottom decile	30	20	5	298,540	147,890	150,655	55	30	30
In second decile	60	35	30	244,435	115,985	128,450	45	25	25
In third decile	55	25	25	240,895	116,550	124,345	50	20	30
In fourth decile	35	15	20	218,125	105,885	112,240	55	20	35
In fifth decile	50	25	20	194,765	95,185	99,580	50	20	30
In top half of the distribution	195	105	90	762,590	384,140	378,450	195	100	95
In sixth decile	60	35	25	172,200	85,100	87,095	45	25	20
In seventh decile	40	15	15	156,540	78,290	78,250	50	25	25
In eighth decile	40	25	15	144,120	72,600	71,525	45	20	20
In ninth decile	30	10	15	134,265	68,285	65,980	40	20	20
In top decile	30	15	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	25	15	10
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	420	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.295	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.354	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.390	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.442	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.299	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	460	220	240
English only	10	5	5	262,290	133,690	128,600	30	15	20
French only	100	45	50	486,845	221,005	265,840	80	35	45
English and French	305	170	135	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	350	170	180
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	460	220	240
English	35	20	15	605,220	303,380	301,835	125	55	70
French	350	190	165	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	325	160	165
English and French	30	20	15	173,785	88,480	85,300	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	460	220	240
Single responses	395	210	185	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	435	205	225
Official languages	305	165	140	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	370	185	185
English	20	15	5	322,315	162,085	160,230	70	30	40
French	295	155	140	870,975	428,435	442,540	295	150	150
Non-official languages	85	45	40	643,275	311,525	331,750	70	25	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	45	40	642,820	311,370	331,445	70	25	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	5	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	5	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	25	25	329,415	158,980	170,435	50	20	25
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	5	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	5	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	5	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	5	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	20	183,755	87,295	96,460	30	10	20
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	10	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	5	0
Portuguese	10	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	15	85,395	41,150	44,250	20	5	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	5	0	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	10	143,450	71,980	71,470	30	15	15
English and French	10	0	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	20	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	460	220	240
English	15	5	5	340,470	170,050	170,425	75	30	40
French	280	155	125	779,125	383,000	396,125	250	125	130
Non-official language	20	15	10	204,395	96,705	107,690	15	5	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	10	204,315	96,670	107,645	15	5	10
English and French	30	10	15	173,135	89,205	83,935	80	50	30
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	135,390	66,995	68,400	10	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	180,900	85,935	94,965	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	20	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	460	220	240
Single responses	395	215	185	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	425	200	220
Official languages	355	190	165	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	405	195	205
English	30	15	15	479,850	239,270	240,580	120	55	65
French	325	175	150	956,130	471,155	484,975	290	140	145
Non-official languages	40	20	20	370,290	177,955	192,335	20	5	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	20	370,125	177,895	192,235	20	5	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	188,550	90,370	98,185	15	5	10
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	5	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	95,835	44,515	51,315	5	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	5	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	15	5	10	54,335	26,035	28,300	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	5	0	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	15	173,745	85,640	88,110	40	20	20
English and French	10	5	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	25	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	10	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	10	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	460	225	240
None	335	180	150	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	375	180	195
English	20	10	15	131,630	67,290	64,340	35	25	15
French	15	10	5	126,780	62,180	64,600	30	15	15
Non-official language	25	10	15	144,335	69,210	75,130	10	5	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	144,155	69,135	75,015	10	5	5
English and French	5	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	460	260	195	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	475	225	250
Official languages	460	260	195	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	475	225	250
English	335	195	140	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	395	180	215
French	460	260	195	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	415	205	215
Non-official languages	145	75	70	971,455	471,755	499,700	140	55	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	75	70	970,710	471,495	499,220	140	55	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	217,295	113,605	103,690	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	205,120	107,210	97,905	15	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	15	0	10	188,115	98,545	89,565	15	0	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	70	55	514,485	250,190	264,295	110	50	65
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	15	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	15	0	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	10	10	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	10	10	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	35	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	35	15	20
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	30	15	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	10	0	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	70	55	324,695	154,360	170,340	65	30	40
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20	107,285	51,300	55,985	15	15	0
Portuguese	20	20	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	80	45	35	193,835	91,345	102,490	55	20	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	470	225	250
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	460	260	200	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	470	225	245
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	470	225	250
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	460	260	200	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	470	225	250
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Owner	80	...	...	360,125	...	...	90	...	...
Renter	125	...	...	550,240	...	...	190	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Condominium	15	...	...	192,985	...	...	100	...	...
Not condominium	185	...	...	717,375	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	35	...	...	267,715	...	...	130	...	...
2 bedrooms	95	...	...	303,875	...	...	110	...	...
3 bedrooms	60	...	...	220,945	...	...	35	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20	...	...	98,090	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	100	...	...	501,570	...	...	220	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	166,230	...	...	40	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	78,495	...	...	15	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	20	...	...	105,210	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1	...	...	4.7	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
One person or fewer per room	205	...	...	881,730	...	...	280	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Suitable	205	...	...	834,885	...	...	250	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
1960 or before	130	...	...	325,005	...	...	120	...	...
1961 to 1980	55	...	...	282,605	...	...	60	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	101,185	...	...	45	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	10	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	180	...	...	833,540	...	...	250	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	76,815	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
One-maintainer household	105	...	...	543,605	...	...	165	...	...
Two-maintainer household	90	...	...	333,140	...	...	115	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...	40,960	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	40	...	...	162,375	...	...	110	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	171,535	...	...	80	...	...
45 to 54 years	40	...	...	155,520	...	...	45	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	156,865	...	...	15	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	122,825	...	...	15	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	70,345	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	200	...	...	902,485	...	...	280	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	190	...	...	686,075	...	...	235	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15	...	...	216,410	...	...	45	...	...
30% to less than 100%	15	...	...	189,795	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	330,635	...	...	95	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15	...	...	186,350	...	...	40	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	20	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	50,745	...	...	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	160	...	...	579,720	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	205	...	...	875,865	...	...	275	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	205	...	...	787,925	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	80	...	...	360,120	...	...	90	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.5	...	...	60.0	...	...	88.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,680	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	720,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	395,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	120	...	...	550,235	...	...	185	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	28.4	...	...	16.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	890	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	987	...	...	1,040	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	455	260	200	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	475	225	250
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	10	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	10	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	10	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	10	0	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	445	255	195	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	465	225	235
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	475	225	245
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	435	245	190	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	410	200	215
Canadian citizens aged under 18	80	55	30	322,965	164,980	157,985	40	25	15
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	350	190	160	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	370	175	200
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	25	15	10	313,410	160,530	152,885	60	30	35
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	475	225	245
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	350	195	155	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	340	160	185
Immigrants⁸¹	85	55	30	652,730	313,955	338,770	100	60	45
Before 1980	25	15	10	108,265	50,530	57,735	10	10	0
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	15	10	10
1991 to 2000	15	10	10	106,810	50,520	56,290	10	0	0
2001 to 2010	25	20	0	154,780	74,520	80,255	25	10	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	10	0	213,175	104,225	108,950	40	15	25
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	15	0	10
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	30	10	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	15	10	10	138,240	75,380	62,860	30	10	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	90	55	35	652,725	313,955	338,770	100	60	45
Under 5 years	15	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	10	0
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	103,285	51,965	51,320	10	10	0
15 to 24 years	30	10	20	118,475	53,035	65,440	15	15	0
25 to 44 years	40	35	0	326,320	158,620	167,700	60	30	35
45 years and over	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	90	55	35	652,725	313,955	338,770	100	60	45
Americas	35	20	10	137,955	63,465	74,485	15	15	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	15	15	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	40	25	15	158,795	76,610	82,190	40	15	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	25	15	10
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	15	10	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	10	0	0
Africa	15	10	10	152,205	77,515	74,690	15	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	202,715	95,775	106,935	30	15	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	25	15	10
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	30	10	15
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	20	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	20	10	10
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	475	220	250
First generation¹⁰⁰	105	60	45	813,905	400,325	413,580	150	65	80
Second generation¹⁰¹	85	40	40	424,225	212,755	211,475	75	35	40
Third generation or more¹⁰²	270	155	115	721,230	352,590	368,630	255	120	130
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	60	40	20	544,455	263,425	281,040	90	45	45
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	35	25	10	303,105	155,090	148,020	40	25	15
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	25	25	0	151,015	87,200	63,815	30	25	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10	0	10	152,090	67,890	84,205	10	0	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10	0	10	146,645	59,645	87,000	20	0	15
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	10	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	30	15	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	60	40	20	544,455	263,425	281,040	90	45	45
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	10	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	10	0	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	15	15	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	15	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	10	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	20	15	15	387,815	184,015	203,795	50	15	30
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	470	225	250
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	65	35	25	737,510	363,785	373,725	125	50	75
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	40	15	20
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	20	10	10	208,805	101,125	107,680	25	10	15
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	20	10	10
Latin American	40	25	15	82,550	40,580	41,970	25	15	10
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	15	0	10
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	395	220	175	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	350	180	175
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	460	260	195	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	475	225	250
Canadian	120	65	60	241,015	115,880	125,135	65	20	45
English	15	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	20	10	10
Irish	10	10	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	45	15	30
Scottish	25	15	15	61,620	29,560	32,065	10	0	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	110	65	45	336,880	169,710	167,170	125	70	55
German	10	10	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	45	30	15	156,025	76,485	79,535	30	20	10
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	15	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	60	30	30	108,910	54,650	54,260	50	20	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	35	20	10	66,400	31,740	34,655	10	0	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	10	10	0
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	20	15	10
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	10	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	10	0	10	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	15	10	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	20	10	10
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	25	15	15
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	460	260	200	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	470	225	250
Buddhist	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	10	0	10
Christian	195	105	90	969,945	451,410	518,540	165	90	80
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	20	10	116,635	55,545	61,090	10	0	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	10	10	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	140	75	65	675,695	314,690	361,010	135	65	70
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	35	10	20
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	10	0	10
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	265	155	110	590,140	310,985	279,165	240	115	130
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	455	260	195	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	470	215	245
Non-movers	420	235	190	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	340	165	170
Movers	35	25	10	255,365	129,500	125,865	130	55	80
Non-migrants	30	20	10	186,805	94,745	92,055	100	35	70
Migrants	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	30	20	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	20	15	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	20	15	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	10	0	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	435	240	185	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	455	220	240
Non-movers	265	140	125	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	110	75	40
Movers	160	105	60	821,475	413,250	408,230	345	145	200
Non-migrants	100	55	35	433,700	216,030	217,670	220	95	130
Migrants	65	40	25	387,770	197,215	190,560	120	50	65
Internal migrants	55	40	10	190,035	93,955	96,075	85	40	45
Intraprovincial migrants	55	40	10	159,710	78,770	80,940	80	35	45
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	10	0	10	197,735	103,260	94,485	35	10	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	215	170	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	200	235
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	50	15	274,820	136,500	138,320	25	10	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	325	165	155	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	420	190	225
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	135	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	365	170	195
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	10	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	220	120	100	975,700	481,690	494,005	365	170	195
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	215	175	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	440	200	235
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	40	15	247,460	120,840	126,625	10	10	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	25	40	319,755	162,520	157,240	60	40	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	270	150	115	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	360	150	205
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130	70	60	473,060	232,855	240,210	135	55	75
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	25	15	146,170	81,740	64,425	30	10	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	0	15	106,110	54,025	52,085	25	10	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	40	40	260,845	122,345	138,495	85	40	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	15	0	66,045	28,760	37,285	20	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	145	80	60	609,855	291,355	318,505	225	95	130
Bachelor's degree	70	50	20	344,605	160,320	184,285	115	55	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	58,945	27,280	31,665	25	10	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	45	25	25	159,510	78,325	81,190	75	30	45
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	240	130	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	165	195
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	10	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25	10	20	162,205	88,420	73,785	50	30	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	195	115	85	831,975	403,420	428,555	310	140	175
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90	50	35	333,160	167,260	165,895	95	40	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	15	15	110,390	60,690	49,700	25	0	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	0	15	81,090	40,585	40,505	20	0	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	30	15	174,185	84,745	89,445	60	35	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	15	0	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	110	60	45	498,815	236,155	262,665	215	100	120
Bachelor's degree	55	40	15	276,640	128,890	147,745	110	55	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	25	10	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	20	20	137,150	66,720	70,430	70	30	45
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	15	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	390	215	175	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	440	200	240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	115	65	55	567,220	283,355	283,860	80	45	35
Education	20	15	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	0	20
13. Education	20	15	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	25	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	25	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	25	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	25	10	10
Humanities	20	15	0	78,920	30,815	48,110	20	15	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	15	25	157,220	58,185	99,040	55	20	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	35	0	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	59,300	29,185	30,110	20	15	0
Business, management and public administration	50	25	25	248,895	110,950	137,945	100	35	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	25	25	237,125	108,040	129,090	95	35	60
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	15	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	30	20	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	30	20	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	40	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	60	40	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	30	20	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	15	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	10	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	0	40	122,295	30,795	91,495	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	35	109,185	24,140	85,045	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	26,800	9,745	17,060	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	235	135	100	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	365	170	195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45	15	20	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	30	20
Education	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	0	15
13. Education	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	15	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	15	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	15	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	15	10	10
Humanities	10	10	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	25	15	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	10	10	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	15	15	121,985	44,105	77,880	55	20	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	30	0	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	20	15	0
Business, management and public administration	35	20	20	199,525	87,920	111,600	85	35	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	20	20	190,410	85,600	104,810	85	35	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	30	20	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	30	20	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	30	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	45	30	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	30	20	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	92,595	23,265	69,330	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	82,410	18,370	64,045	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	235	135	100	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	365	170	195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45	15	20	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	30	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	195	115	80	831,975	403,415	428,560	315	135	175
Location of study inside Canada	175	100	75	598,455	286,340	312,115	250	110	140
Same as province or territory of residence	175	100	75	566,540	270,160	296,380	240	110	130
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	10	0	10
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20	15	0	233,520	117,075	116,445	55	25	35
Americas	10	10	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	10	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	10	10	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	30	15	20
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	30	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	10	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	10	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	385	215	175	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	440	200	235
In the labour force	295	165	125	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	370	165	205
Employed	280	165	115	971,245	502,885	468,360	340	150	190
Unemployed	20	0	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	30	15	10
Not in the labour force	95	50	45	568,495	246,215	322,280	70	35	35
Participation rate	76.6	76.7	71.4	65.5	69.5	61.8	84.1	82.5	87.2
Employment rate	72.7	76.7	65.7	58.9	62.3	55.6	77.3	75.0	80.9
Unemployment rate	6.8	0.0	8.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	8.1	9.1	4.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	390	215	175	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	440	200	240
Did not work¹⁸⁶	80	40	40	582,470	253,075	329,400	60	25	35
Worked	310	175	135	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	380	175	200
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	160	95	65	529,400	287,950	241,450	240	105	135
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	150	80	65	538,265	266,540	271,725	135	70	65
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	42.8	42.0	39.7	40.2	39.3	43.8	43.2	44.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	295	165	130	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	365	165	200
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	295	165	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	360	165	195
Employee	265	145	120	907,745	457,830	449,915	345	160	190
Permanent position	200	110	90	741,830	380,445	361,385	315	150	165
Temporary position	65	40	30	165,915	77,385	88,530	35	10	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	20	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	15	10	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	40	15	25	96,225	46,100	50,120	20	0	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	15	10	142,380	88,145	54,230	10	0	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	295	165	130	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	365	165	200
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	295	165	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	360	165	195
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	10	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	10	35	207,660	79,975	127,685	95	35	60
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	25	10	114,775	85,780	28,990	45	40	0
3 Health occupations	25	0	25	85,545	21,700	63,845	15	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	25	15	140,500	46,385	94,115	60	15	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	10	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	15	15	0
6 Sales and service occupations	70	35	30	263,055	135,300	127,750	80	40	45
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	45	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	25	10	20
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	10	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	295	165	130	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	365	165	200
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	295	165	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	360	165	195
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	20	10	15
31-33 Manufacturing	15	15	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	10	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	15	10	10
44-45 Retail trade	30	15	10	111,555	56,180	55,375	25	15	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	25	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	15	0	15
51 Information and cultural industries	20	15	10	43,110	26,250	16,865	10	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	10	53,430	27,205	26,225	35	20	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20	15	10	130,405	75,750	54,655	70	25	50
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	0	0	0
61 Educational services	50	25	25	95,290	34,510	60,780	30	10	20
62 Health care and social assistance	30	0	30	142,545	36,095	106,450	50	15	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	20	10	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	15	0	15
91 Public administration	30	15	15	42,120	20,455	21,665	15	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	320	175	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	390	180	205
English	15	10	0	201,310	110,165	91,150	70	25	45
French	185	95	90	416,430	206,170	210,265	150	75	80
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	110	65	50	473,485	249,700	223,785	165	80	80
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	320	175	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	390	180	205
Single responses	305	170	130	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	360	165	195
Official languages	305	170	130	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	360	165	195
English	50	40	10	361,715	194,885	166,835	115	45	65
French	250	130	125	645,885	327,180	318,705	245	115	125
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	10	126,180	65,940	60,240	30	20	10
English and French	10	0	10	116,535	60,925	55,605	30	20	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	320	175	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	390	180	205
None	210	110	100	743,180	381,875	361,305	250	120	135
English	70	35	40	219,885	116,455	103,430	90	40	50
French	30	25	0	149,470	78,495	70,975	40	20	20
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	275	165	115	971,245	502,885	468,360	340	150	190
Worked at home	85	50	40	298,820	151,335	147,485	145	55	90
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	25	15	10	89,120	62,795	26,325	50	25	20
Usual place of work	165	95	70	580,035	286,695	293,340	140	60	80
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	165	95	70	580,035	286,695	293,340	140	60	80
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	125	65	50	427,475	202,010	225,465	120	55	65
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	10	10	91,735	47,670	44,070	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	30	15	10	58,865	35,690	23,175	15	0	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	190	115	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	185	90	95
Car, truck or van	100	65	35	395,615	229,315	166,300	80	45	35
Car, truck or van - as a driver	95	65	30	365,770	218,475	147,295	80	45	35
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	65	30	35	177,860	74,605	103,260	100	50	50
Walked	15	10	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	190	115	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	185	90	95
Less than 15 minutes	35	15	20	125,240	61,185	64,055	35	15	20
15 to 29 minutes	95	65	30	241,005	129,590	111,420	80	40	40
30 to 44 minutes	40	20	20	176,925	96,710	80,215	40	10	25
45 to 59 minutes	15	10	0	67,635	33,110	34,530	20	20	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	15	10	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	190	115	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	185	90	95
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	10	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40	30	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	45	20	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	20	25	166,695	79,410	87,280	50	30	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	30	30	149,185	68,865	80,320	35	20	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	10	10	106,855	50,615	56,240	15	10	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15	10	10	112,350	65,830	46,520	40	0	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	65	35	30	371,310	189,920	181,390	45	20	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	15	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	30	25	262,245	133,605	128,640	30	15	15
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	40	25	20	264,905	135,505	129,395	20	15	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	10	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	20	182,020	92,755	89,270	15	10	5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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