Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662595More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24660877More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	486	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	435	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	397	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	199	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	388	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	184	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6,480.0	...	...	6.5	...	...	8,025.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.08	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.05	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	490	160	325	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	435	210	225
0 to 14 years	5	0	0	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	65	40	25
0 to 4 years	0	0	0	422,980	217,145	205,840	10	5	5
5 to 9 years	0	0	0	478,955	245,295	233,665	20	15	10
10 to 14 years	0	0	0	489,425	250,855	238,570	30	20	10
15 to 64 years	35	15	25	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	260	125	130
15 to 19 years	0	0	0	429,400	219,400	209,995	30	20	15
20 to 24 years	0	0	0	460,660	235,250	225,405	30	15	15
25 to 29 years	0	0	0	527,150	266,455	260,700	35	25	10
30 to 34 years	0	0	0	536,040	267,770	268,270	20	10	15
35 to 39 years	0	0	0	550,425	274,350	276,075	15	5	10
40 to 44 years	5	0	5	572,565	286,405	286,160	20	10	10
45 to 49 years	0	0	0	516,465	259,565	256,905	20	5	10
50 to 54 years	0	0	0	522,935	262,610	260,325	35	15	20
55 to 59 years	10	5	5	615,690	307,230	308,465	20	5	10
60 to 64 years	15	5	15	625,610	307,710	317,900	25	15	15
65 years and over	445	145	300	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	115	45	65
65 to 69 years	65	20	45	541,970	264,020	277,950	25	5	15
70 to 74 years	90	40	50	455,900	217,985	237,910	25	10	10
75 to 79 years	90	25	65	330,840	153,790	177,050	30	10	20
80 to 84 years	90	30	60	210,405	90,825	119,580	25	10	10
85 years and over	100	30	75	214,415	75,305	139,115	20	10	10
85 to 89 years	70	20	50	131,755	50,610	81,150	10	5	5
90 to 94 years	25	5	20	65,020	20,490	44,535	5	5	0
95 to 99 years	10	0	5	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	1.0	0.0	0.0	16.4	17.0	15.8	14.9	19.0	11.1
15 to 64 years	7.1	9.4	7.7	63.0	63.9	62.1	59.8	59.5	57.8
65 years and over	90.8	90.6	92.3	20.6	19.1	22.1	26.4	21.4	28.9
85 years and over	20.4	18.8	23.1	2.5	1.8	3.2	4.6	4.8	4.4
Average age of the population	76.4	74.8	77.2	42.8	41.8	43.7	44.5	41.8	47.2
Median age of the population	77.5	76.5	78.0	43.2	42.0	44.0	44.4	40.0	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	185	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	10	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	199,080	...	...	15	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	98,625	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	271,245	...	...	45	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	85	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	385	...	...	225,745	...	...	20	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	180	...	...
1 person	295	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	60	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	60	...	...
3 persons	0	...	...	480,135	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	0	...	...	427,605	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	228,060	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	485	160	325	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	435	205	225
Average household size	1.3	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	480	160	325	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	370	170	200
Married or living common-law	175	85	90	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	175	90	85
Married	150	70	80	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	155	75	75
Living common-law	30	15	15	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	25	10	15
Living common law - Never married	15	10	10	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	20	10	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	261,885	135,520	126,370	5	0	5
Living common law - Widowed	10	0	5	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	300	75	230	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	195	80	110
Not married and not living common law - Never married	80	30	45	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	125	60	60
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	10	106,275	48,095	58,175	10	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	100	25	80	494,210	197,455	296,755	30	10	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	115	15	100	380,100	89,515	290,580	30	10	25
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	85	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	115	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	0	...	...	454,980	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	0	...	...	412,850	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	0	...	...	187,600	...	...	0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.1	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	...	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	80	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	120	...	...
Total couple families	80	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	90	...	...
Married couples	70	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	75	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	502,020	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	70	...	...	609,605	...	...	30	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	828,005	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	401,885	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	426,120	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	0	...	...	383,775	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	0	...	...	284,025	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	99,755	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	485	160	325	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	430	205	225
Total - Persons in census families	175	85	85	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	335	165	175
Married spouses or common-law partners	170	85	85	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	170	90	85
Parents in one-parent families	0	0	0	383,780	99,755	284,020	35	5	30
Children⁶	5	5	5	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	130	70	55
In a two-parent family	5	5	5	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	75	45	30
In a one-parent family	0	0	0	585,820	317,400	268,415	55	25	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	310	75	240	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	100	45	55
Living alone	300	70	225	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	60	25	30
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	165,070	74,060	91,005	20	5	10
Living with non-relatives only	10	5	5	268,810	158,325	110,485	20	10	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	185	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	85	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	105	...	...
Couple-family households	85	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	80	...	...
With children⁶	0	...	...	851,835	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	80	...	...	982,260	...	...	35	...	...
One-parent-family households	0	...	...	331,395	...	...	25	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	50,790	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	66,750	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	139,280	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	300	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	60	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	485	160	325	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	370	170	200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	480	160	325	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	350	165	185
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	39,600	28,600	40,800	44,800	37,200	33,600	34,400	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	480	160	325	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	350	165	185
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	36,400	28,000	36,400	39,200	33,600	31,000	31,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	420	140	275	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	310	150	160
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	16,800	23,000	13,700	33,600	39,600	28,000	19,600	20,400	19,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90	40	50	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	210	105	105
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	2,840	8,800	36,000	40,400	31,600	28,400	28,600	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	470	155	320	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	305	145	160
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	18,000	17,600	18,000	11,500	10,200	12,300	14,100	11,700	14,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10	5	5	837,635	441,080	396,550	30	10	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	5,520	5,520	5,600	6,280	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25	10	15	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	110	60	50
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	x	x	7,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	480	150	325	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	335	155	180
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	480	150	325	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	310	155	160
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,400	44,000	34,200	51,160	57,550	44,960	34,000	31,600	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	480	150	325	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	310	155	160
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,500	30,800	41,840	45,760	38,000	30,400	28,800	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	390	130	265	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	280	135	145
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,500	30,400	20,200	45,480	52,900	38,000	25,200	24,800	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65	25	40	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	195	105	85
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	16,500	7,600	22,000	46,240	51,950	40,040	28,600	24,800	33,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	480	150	325	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	275	130	150
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	18,200	19,200	17,700	12,410	11,500	13,220	12,600	11,000	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	837,180	441,665	395,515	25	0	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	7,040	6,380	7,780	4,800	...	3,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	115	65	50
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	8,130	7,910	8,390	8,200	7,800	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	480	155	330	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	335	155	180
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15	0	15	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	70	30	40
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	x	...	x	58,400	62,800	53,600	44,800	x	45,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,000	...	50,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	52,000	52,000	50,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20	0	0	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	90	55	35
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	18,600	21,400	16,600	12,700	10,500	21,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	10,000	...	...	28,160	32,120	24,360	17,600	15,600	20,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	51.6	58.0	48.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	67.0	72.0	64.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	6.0	2.8	8.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	52.0	54.0	50.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	48.4	42.0	51.6	20.1	15.8	25.6	32.5	29.0	36.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.2	x	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.2	3.4	3.0	5.4	4.8	6.1	10.0	11.2	9.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	x	x	x	4.6	4.3	5.1	8.8	10.0	7.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	480	160	325	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	370	170	200
Without total income	0	0	0	179,955	87,650	92,310	25	5	15
With total income	480	160	320	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	345	160	180
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5	0	5	462,400	204,245	258,155	30	10	20
$10,000 to $19,999	60	10	50	809,375	334,315	475,065	45	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	160	40	120	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	80	35	40
$30,000 to $39,999	100	30	70	896,520	414,070	482,445	55	25	25
$40,000 to $49,999	60	30	30	849,005	411,680	437,325	45	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	45	15	30	687,020	345,720	341,305	35	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	503,110	271,695	231,415	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	367,455	208,475	158,980	10	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	284,690	158,760	125,930	10	0	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	198,140	112,355	85,780	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	556,780	365,700	191,080	10	10	5
$100,000 to $149,999	5	0	0	385,890	245,635	140,260	10	5	0
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	170,890	120,065	50,820	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	480	160	325	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	370	170	200
Without after-tax income	0	0	0	177,960	86,610	91,355	25	5	15
With after-tax income	480	160	320	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	345	160	180
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5	0	5	495,035	214,000	281,030	30	10	20
$10,000 to $19,999	65	15	55	853,250	356,480	496,765	50	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	165	40	125	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	85	40	40
$30,000 to $39,999	130	45	85	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	70	40	30
$40,000 to $49,999	70	30	35	994,235	505,970	488,265	50	25	25
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	15	691,015	372,870	318,145	30	10	20
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	0	459,665	251,490	208,170	15	5	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	0	292,135	160,985	131,150	5	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	174,905	104,610	70,295	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	229,765	156,750	73,020	5	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	119,125	78,615	40,515	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	480	160	325	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	370	170	200
Without employment income	395	120	275	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	160	65	90
With employment income	85	40	45	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	210	105	105
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	20	20	644,075	331,770	312,300	25	15	15
$5,000 to $9,999	10	0	5	401,185	180,585	220,595	30	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	10	5	0	603,350	273,725	329,620	40	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	5	0	5	495,105	228,670	266,435	15	5	10
$30,000 to $39,999	5	0	5	488,000	239,620	248,380	25	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	10	0	5	485,845	242,230	243,610	15	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	0	0	0	403,980	217,425	186,560	20	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	0	0	0	320,700	184,770	135,935	15	5	10
$70,000 to $79,999	0	0	0	250,635	147,020	103,615	10	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	218,100	120,085	98,020	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	422,055	285,910	136,145	10	10	5
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	205,085	133,500	71,585	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	216,965	152,410	64,555	10	0	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	485	160	325	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	370	170	200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	480	155	325	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	340	160	185
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	37,600	27,200	38,400	43,200	34,000	29,200	32,400	26,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	480	155	325	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	340	160	185
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	34,800	26,400	34,000	37,600	30,600	27,400	29,400	25,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	415	140	275	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	305	145	160
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	17,800	24,200	13,300	34,800	40,400	29,200	23,000	27,000	19,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95	45	55	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	220	110	105
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	3,440	16,000	36,400	41,200	31,800	31,600	32,400	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	155	315	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	290	135	155
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	16,800	16,400	17,000	7,800	5,640	9,100	8,700	2,760	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5	0	0	727,165	390,255	336,910	15	5	10
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	...	...	5,000	4,760	5,280	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	480	150	325	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	335	155	180
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	150	325	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	305	135	170
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,200	41,000	31,100	48,600	55,500	41,880	31,000	33,000	29,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	150	325	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	305	135	170
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,500	36,500	27,600	39,600	44,000	35,320	28,000	30,000	26,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	405	130	275	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	275	125	155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	21,200	28,000	17,800	45,920	53,800	37,920	25,800	30,400	22,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	95	35	55	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	195	105	85
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	16,000	9,500	20,000	46,240	52,450	39,520	29,200	28,000	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	475	150	325	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	250	105	145
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	16,700	17,200	16,500	9,450	8,430	10,320	9,100	7,100	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	727,815	390,880	336,935	15	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	7,020	5,975	8,230	6,000	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	480	155	330	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	335	155	180
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15	0	15	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	70	30	40
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	x	...	x	54,800	60,000	49,200	42,800	42,400	42,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,000	...	50,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	50,000	56,000	46,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20	0	0	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	80	50	35
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	23,600	27,200	21,000	17,000	14,100	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,000	...	...	33,000	37,800	28,360	22,800	21,000	24,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	52.0	58.0	48.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	76.0	84.0	68.0
Employment income (%)	8.8	6.0	11.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	61.0	66.0	56.0
Government transfers (%)	48.0	42.0	52.4	14.9	10.8	20.2	24.4	16.5	31.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	...	x	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.0	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	72,500	...	...	58,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	300	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	38,800	...	...	28,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	34,400	...	...	28,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	95	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	97,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	83,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	92,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	41,800	...	...	75,200	...	...	59,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	295	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	47,680	...	...	31,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	28,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	59,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	185	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	52,080	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	82,470	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	65	...	...	218,185	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	50	...	...	144,420	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	35	...	...	143,285	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	35	...	...	172,005	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	174,790	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	166,990	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	60	...	...	310,880	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	280,505	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	255,770	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5	...	...	235,235	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	208,320	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	20	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	414,805	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	282,590	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	0	...	...	307,835	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	239,060	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	390	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	185	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	53,600	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	87,695	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	65	...	...	234,875	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	60	...	...	177,135	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45	...	...	180,150	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	35	...	...	213,760	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	210,280	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	193,530	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	55	...	...	356,325	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	322,530	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	289,580	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	254,885	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	216,370	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	10	...	...	892,775	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	0	...	...	387,835	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	0	...	...	225,830	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 and over	0	...	...	279,105	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	90	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	115	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	98,000	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	84,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	80	...	...	991,710	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	84,000	...	...	55,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	72,500	...	...	54,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	0	...	...	907,765	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	130,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	110,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	...	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	0	...	...	368,845	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	69,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	61,600	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	...	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	305	70	230	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	75	40	45
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	37,600	31,600	36,800	39,200	34,800	27,400	27,400	26,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	33,600	30,200	33,200	34,800	31,600	25,200	25,800	25,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	90	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	100	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	85	...	...	992,110	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	909,160	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	151,200	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	121,300	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	367,155	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	78,700	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	67,500	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	300	65	235	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	85	30	55
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	46,000	38,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	25,000	17,000	29,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	40,000	34,400	38,040	39,400	36,640	22,000	17,000	26,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	485	160	325	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	435	210	225
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	85	45	40
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	515,725	264,785	250,935	20	15	5
18 to 64 years	35	15	25	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	240	120	120
65 years and over	445	145	300	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	110	40	70
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	105	25	85	992,235	463,295	528,940	70	35	35
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	159,530	82,000	77,530	15	10	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	53,105	27,240	25,870	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	5	0	0	515,470	256,435	259,035	35	25	15
65 years and over	100	20	80	317,235	124,865	192,370	15	5	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	22.0	15.0	25.2	11.9	11.2	12.7	15.6	16.0	15.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	...	9.7	9.7	9.7	16.0	20.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	...	...	...	10.3	10.3	10.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	16.0	x	x	10.2	10.1	10.2	15.0	18.0	12.0
65 years and over (%)	22.8	16.0	26.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	16.0	10.0	20.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	485	160	325	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	430	205	225
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	85	45	40
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	511,400	262,535	248,860	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	35	10	20	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	240	120	115
65 years and over	445	150	300	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	110	45	65
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	5	25	439,850	223,055	216,795	45	20	25
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	61,665	31,610	30,060	5	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	5	0	5	313,970	167,015	146,955	30	15	10
65 years and over	30	10	20	64,210	24,430	39,780	5	0	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.2	5.0	8.5	5.3	5.4	5.2	10.0	11.0	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	...	3.8	3.8	3.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	...	...	...	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	16.0	x	x	6.2	6.6	5.8	11.0	14.0	9.0
65 years and over (%)	6.8	4.0	8.0	4.0	3.3	4.7	8.0	x	10.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	490	160	325	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	435	205	225
In bottom half of the distribution	425	135	290	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	305	145	160
In bottom decile	70	20	55	851,840	407,705	444,140	55	25	30
In second decile	115	30	90	920,490	434,730	485,760	75	35	40
In third decile	120	40	80	969,255	471,650	497,600	70	35	35
In fourth decile	75	30	45	978,345	482,760	495,590	65	35	40
In fifth decile	40	15	25	947,090	473,285	473,810	35	15	20
In top half of the distribution	60	30	35	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	125	65	65
In sixth decile	20	10	15	899,660	454,970	444,690	30	15	15
In seventh decile	15	5	5	837,225	425,400	411,830	30	15	15
In eighth decile	15	10	5	752,410	383,450	368,955	25	15	15
In ninth decile	0	0	0	634,425	325,700	308,730	35	25	20
In top decile	0	0	0	517,725	267,160	250,565	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	485	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.243	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.295	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.504	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.464	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.202	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.4	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	485	160	325	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	430	210	225
English only	0	0	0	445,575	228,840	216,735	115	55	60
French only	280	70	210	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	45	20	20
English and French	205	90	115	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	250	120	130
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	82,075	35,200	46,875	25	5	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	485	160	325	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	430	210	225
English	5	0	5	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	275	135	135
French	475	155	320	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	95	45	55
English and French	0	0	0	329,515	169,050	160,465	40	20	15
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	79,000	33,590	45,410	25	5	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	485	160	325	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	430	210	225
Single responses	480	160	320	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	410	190	220
Official languages	470	150	315	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	225	105	125
English	10	5	5	639,365	323,170	316,195	160	80	85
French	465	150	310	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	65	30	35
Non-official languages	15	10	10	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	185	85	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	10	10	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	185	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	233,220	122,895	110,320	10	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	204,600	107,735	96,865	10	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5	198,785	104,765	94,020	10	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	5	5	595,790	290,670	305,115	140	60	75
Albanian	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	68,295	30,855	37,435	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	67,565	30,570	36,995	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	5	5	0
Russian	0	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	5	0	5
German	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	101,450	52,780	48,665	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	30	15	10
Assamese	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	25	10	10
Rohingya	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	5	0	5
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	346,000	167,870	178,130	95	40	50
Catalan	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	90,940	44,080	46,865	85	35	50
Portuguese	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	177,155	86,490	90,660	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	5	5	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	87,540	40,170	47,375	10	5	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	87,155	39,990	47,160	10	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	10	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	15	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	15	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5	5	5	308,550	155,455	153,095	25	20	10
English and French	5	0	0	126,405	64,585	61,820	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	94,205	46,880	47,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	485	160	325	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	430	210	225
English	0	0	0	623,305	313,780	309,520	175	85	90
French	460	150	310	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	55	25	35
Non-official language	10	5	0	366,730	177,410	189,315	70	30	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	5	0	343,650	165,830	177,825	70	30	40
English and French	15	10	5	497,380	256,735	240,645	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	205,755	102,290	103,470	40	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	375,795	179,585	196,210	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	284,940	141,275	143,665	50	25	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	485	160	325	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	430	210	225
Single responses	485	160	320	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	400	190	210
Official languages	475	155	320	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	300	140	160
English	0	0	0	874,185	438,570	435,615	230	110	120
French	470	155	315	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	70	30	35
Non-official languages	5	5	0	662,615	322,860	339,750	105	50	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5	5	0	628,365	305,820	322,555	105	50	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	116,685	59,645	57,040	5	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	104,890	53,505	51,380	5	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0	102,120	52,125	49,990	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	336,635	164,100	172,535	75	35	40
Albanian	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	25	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	20	15	10
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	20	10	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	625	325	300	5	0	5
Parsi	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	182,585	88,060	94,525	45	15	30
Catalan	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	35	10	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	112,915	55,870	57,050	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	10	5	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	10	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	10	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5	0	0	357,245	176,070	181,175	30	20	15
English and French	5	0	5	137,120	69,025	68,095	10	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	116,595	56,445	60,150	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	39,875	19,575	20,300	0	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	485	160	325	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	430	205	225
None	470	155	320	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	320	150	170
English	10	5	5	353,690	183,470	170,225	25	15	10
French	0	0	0	259,425	127,380	132,040	15	10	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	269,715	129,830	139,890	35	20	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	264,405	127,330	137,070	35	20	20
English and French	0	0	0	61,955	31,425	30,525	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	76,755	38,765	37,990	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	55,860	26,915	28,945	25	15	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	480	150	325	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	370	175	190
Official languages	480	150	325	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	350	170	180
English	205	90	115	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	310	150	160
French	480	150	325	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	230	110	120
Non-official languages	40	20	15	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	205	105	100
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	15	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	205	105	100
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	385,210	201,105	184,100	30	25	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	363,875	190,005	173,870	30	25	10
Amharic	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	343,675	179,750	163,930	25	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	20	15	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	120	60	70
Albanian	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	30	20	15
Assamese	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	25	15	10
Rohingya	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	15	684,830	324,095	360,735	85	40	50
Catalan	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	20	15	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	75	30	45
Portuguese	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	20	0	15	453,905	210,400	243,505	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	25	20	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	25	20	0
Hakka	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	25	20	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	480	155	325	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	370	180	190
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	470	155	320	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	370	180	190
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	480	155	325	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	370	180	190
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	480	155	325	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	370	180	190
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
Owner	0	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	60	...	...
Renter	385	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	105	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
Condominium	30	...	...	515,590	...	...	20	...	...
Not condominium	355	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	150	...	...	623,295	...	...	30	...	...
2 bedrooms	185	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	35	...	...
3 bedrooms	20	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	85	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	730,330	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	345	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	65	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	645,635	...	...	40	...	...
6 rooms	0	...	...	435,225	...	...	15	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	403,225	...	...	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	886,180	...	...	30	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.5	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
One person or fewer per room	385	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	155	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
Suitable	385	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	145	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	142,775	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
1960 or before	40	...	...	879,375	...	...	15	...	...
1961 to 1980	125	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	100	...	...
1981 to 1990	205	...	...	509,120	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	385,315	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	10	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	385	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	145	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	236,110	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
One-maintainer household	315	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	90	...	...
Two-maintainer household	70	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	55	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	89,875	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	117,525	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	0	...	...	525,540	...	...	20	...	...
35 to 44 years	0	...	...	647,165	...	...	15	...	...
45 to 54 years	0	...	...	628,630	...	...	45	...	...
55 to 64 years	20	...	...	760,395	...	...	15	...	...
65 to 74 years	125	...	...	629,965	...	...	10	...	...
75 to 84 years	140	...	...	336,170	...	...	30	...	...
85 years and over	95	...	...	103,640	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	385	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	160	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	240	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	120	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	595,690	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	145	...	...	542,060	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	385	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150	...	...	901,440	...	...	60	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	140	...	...	537,090	...	...	35	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	112,775	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	179,840	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	240	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	390	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	150	...	...
In core need	105	...	...	218,275	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	280	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	55	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	...	...	...	62.2	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	10.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	1,070	...	...	750	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,000	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	...	...	...	300,000	...	...	650,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	...	...	...	376,800	...	...	660,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	390	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	100	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	24.4	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.2	...	...	25.2	...	...	30.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.9	...	...	11.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...	810	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	808	...	...	886	...	...	960	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	480	155	330	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	370	180	190
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	475	145	325	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	370	180	190
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	480	155	330	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	370	175	195
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	480	150	330	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	300	130	165
Canadian citizens aged under 18	0	0	0	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	50	25	25
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	480	150	330	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	250	100	150
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	518,265	264,490	253,775	70	45	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	480	155	330	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	370	175	195
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	455	145	315	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	200	95	105
Immigrants⁸¹	25	10	10	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	120	45	70
Before 1980	20	0	10	187,200	91,895	95,300	60	20	40
1980 to 1990	10	10	0	124,610	61,850	62,755	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	190,495	91,635	98,860	20	10	0
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	312,210	150,825	161,390	25	10	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0	0	396,090	192,745	203,340	15	0	0
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	193,345	93,485	99,855	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	202,740	99,260	103,480	10	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	205,770	113,500	92,275	50	30	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	25	10	10	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	115	45	70
Under 5 years	0	0	0	112,295	56,755	55,540	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	201,385	101,555	99,835	20	10	10
15 to 24 years	0	0	0	213,035	96,175	116,860	45	25	25
25 to 44 years	10	10	0	594,845	292,975	301,875	50	20	30
45 years and over	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	25	10	10	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	115	45	70
Americas	10	0	10	264,885	121,740	143,145	25	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	20	10	10
Mexico	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	309,015	154,110	154,910	65	25	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	45	20	25
Netherlands	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0	302,010	153,655	148,355	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	332,925	158,445	174,475	25	15	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	20	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	202,740	99,265	103,480	10	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	485	155	325	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	365	180	190
First generation¹⁰⁰	25	15	15	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	170	80	90
Second generation¹⁰¹	15	0	10	883,485	446,000	437,490	95	40	60
Third generation or more¹⁰²	440	140	305	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	105	60	50
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10	10	0	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	60	30	30
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	0	0	0	559,935	290,040	269,895	30	25	10
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	0	0	0	267,870	161,125	106,740	15	15	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	292,070	128,915	163,155	15	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	0	0	0	272,255	109,735	162,515	25	0	15
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	175,740	89,995	85,740	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10	10	0	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	60	30	30
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	94,185	46,445	47,740	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	10	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10	10	0	756,120	358,700	397,420	40	20	20
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	480	155	325	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	370	180	190
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10	0	10	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	140	80	60
South Asian	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	35	20	15
Chinese	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	30	20	0
Black	0	0	0	422,405	206,335	216,070	60	30	35
Filipino	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	280,075	146,990	133,085	20	10	10
Latin American	10	0	10	172,925	85,035	87,880	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	470	155	320	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	230	100	130
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	480	155	325	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	370	175	195
Canadian	155	40	120	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	55	20	35
English	0	0	0	177,710	88,910	88,800	0	0	0
Irish	25	0	25	404,190	193,440	210,745	0	0	0
Scottish	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	10	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	170	65	105	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	15	10	0
German	0	0	0	124,305	60,295	64,010	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	25	25	0
Italian	25	10	15	316,315	157,600	158,720	85	40	40
Indian (India)	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	40	15	20
Ukrainian	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	0	0	0
Québécois	55	15	45	931,940	465,630	466,305	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	45	10	30	588,805	290,630	298,180	25	10	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	20	10	10
Russian	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	35	15	20
Jewish	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	15	15	10
Greek	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	25	10	15
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	480	155	325	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	370	180	190
Buddhist	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	445	150	295	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	205	95	115
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10	10	0	464,020	229,155	234,860	10	0	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0
Catholic	430	135	295	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	175	80	100
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	145,805	70,840	74,965	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	10	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	421,710	218,255	203,455	25	20	10
Sikh	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	25	15	10
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	30	0	30	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	85	40	45
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	480	155	330	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	370	175	195
Non-movers	455	145	305	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	335	170	170
Movers	25	0	25	945,290	466,750	478,540	30	10	25
Non-migrants	25	0	25	543,670	268,740	274,925	30	10	25
Migrants	0	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	485	155	325	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	365	170	190
Non-movers	325	105	225	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	270	125	150
Movers	155	55	105	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	90	55	40
Non-migrants	125	30	90	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	35	15	20
Migrants	30	20	15	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	60	35	20
Internal migrants	30	20	15	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	10	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	30	20	15	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	10	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	320,090	166,115	153,975	50	35	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	480	155	330	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	335	155	180
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	155	55	105	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	85	30	50
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	325	95	225	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	250	125	135
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25	0	15	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	185	80	100
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	642,800	382,415	260,380	25	10	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15	0	15	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	160	70	90
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	480	150	325	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	340	155	180
No certificate, diploma or degree	150	55	105	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	70	25	45
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	115	30	90	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	100	60	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	210	75	135	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	170	70	95
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	160	60	100	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	95	30	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	10	20	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	35	20	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	0	20	793,030	427,220	365,815	15	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	20	0	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	25	50	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	55	10	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55	25	30	252,815	102,150	150,665	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	55	20	30	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	75	45	30
Bachelor's degree	35	10	25	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	50	25	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	149,425	66,595	82,825	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	0	0	360,795	174,150	186,645	20	10	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25	0	20	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	185	85	100
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	525,155	303,815	221,345	10	0	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10	0	10	752,855	388,160	364,700	45	25	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	130	60	75
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	75	25	50
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	836,455	498,385	338,075	35	15	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	609,895	319,470	290,425	15	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	20	10	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	0	0	0	838,140	372,455	465,685	35	10	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	174,695	72,115	102,580	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	0	0	0	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	55	30	20
Bachelor's degree	0	0	0	802,755	343,100	459,650	35	20	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	119,460	50,155	69,310	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	302,065	140,530	161,530	15	10	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	480	155	325	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	335	150	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	270	80	190	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	170	80	85
Education	25	10	15	292,470	65,830	226,640	0	0	0
13. Education	25	10	15	292,470	65,830	226,640	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	166,900	75,420	91,480	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	143,365	58,875	84,490	10	10	0
Humanities	15	0	10	228,770	90,810	137,960	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15	0	15	430,845	142,280	288,570	30	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	134,510	67,065	67,440	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	85	35	45	950,820	357,290	593,535	50	15	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	35	45	894,690	344,770	549,925	50	15	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	158,655	83,605	75,050	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	10	177,780	124,955	52,825	10	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	10	147,845	110,915	36,930	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	15	0	866,885	778,835	88,060	35	25	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	15	10	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	10	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	0	25	515,215	101,455	413,760	20	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	25	470,150	78,875	391,275	20	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	10	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20	0	20	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	185	85	100
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15	0	15	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	55	25	30
Education	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0
13. Education	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	129,065	58,170	70,895	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	110,860	45,555	65,305	10	10	0
Humanities	0	0	0	144,140	56,410	87,730	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	0	0	334,475	103,635	230,840	30	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	0	0	0	741,390	268,705	472,685	40	10	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	0	0	0	697,775	259,725	438,045	40	10	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	0	0	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	25	15	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	10	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	0	0	0	387,725	74,730	312,995	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	352,905	58,735	294,170	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20	0	20	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	185	85	100
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15	0	15	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	55	25	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10	0	0	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	130	55	75
Location of study inside Canada	0	0	0	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	105	40	65
Same as province or territory of residence	0	0	0	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	105	35	65
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	0	0	0	414,490	209,160	205,330	25	20	0
Americas	0	0	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	138,260	74,045	64,210	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	10	10	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	10	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	480	150	325	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	340	155	180
In the labour force	35	10	25	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	200	105	90
Employed	35	10	25	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	180	95	85
Unemployed	0	0	0	335,015	176,245	158,775	20	10	0
Not in the labour force	450	145	300	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	135	45	90
Participation rate	7.3	6.7	7.7	64.1	67.4	60.9	58.8	67.7	50.0
Employment rate	7.3	6.7	7.7	59.3	62.3	56.3	52.9	61.3	47.2
Unemployment rate	0.0	0.0	0.0	7.6	7.7	7.4	10.0	9.5	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	480	155	325	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	335	150	185
Did not work¹⁸⁶	440	140	300	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	155	60	100
Worked	40	15	25	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	180	95	85
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	15	0	15	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	70	30	40
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25	15	10	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	110	65	45
Average weeks worked in reference year	33.0	x	34.0	41.3	41.7	40.8	41.6	41.6	42.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	35	10	25	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	200	105	95
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	35	10	25	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	190	100	95
Employee	25	10	15	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	160	70	85
Permanent position	25	10	15	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	115	55	65
Temporary position	0	0	0	623,510	296,655	326,850	40	15	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	217,905	94,210	123,700	20	10	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	0	0	0	405,605	202,450	203,155	20	0	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	10	0	10	530,720	324,555	206,165	35	30	0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	35	10	25	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	200	105	95
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	35	10	25	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	190	100	95
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	20	0	20	778,905	256,150	522,760	55	15	35
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	360,495	272,510	87,985	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	0	0	0	359,665	70,075	289,590	20	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	0	0	0	558,725	166,020	392,700	15	10	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	146,560	72,400	74,165	15	10	0
6 Sales and service occupations	15	10	0	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	60	35	25
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	0	0	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	25	25	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	10	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	35	10	25	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	200	105	95
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	35	10	25	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	190	100	95
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	10	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	0	0	0	514,090	248,905	265,185	35	35	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	25	15	10
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	94,130	57,495	36,630	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	20	10	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	0	0	345,345	193,365	151,985	15	0	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	0	0	0
61 Educational services	0	0	0	340,885	104,300	236,590	20	10	15
62 Health care and social assistance	0	0	0	617,200	122,675	494,525	15	0	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	15	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	190,470	89,730	100,735	15	10	10
91 Public administration	10	0	10	290,765	144,705	146,055	10	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	45	20	35	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	190	95	95
English	0	0	0	350,525	195,385	155,145	65	30	35
French	35	10	25	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	20	15	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	15	0	10	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	100	45	55
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	45	20	35	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	190	95	95
Single responses	45	20	25	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	140	70	75
Official languages	45	20	25	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	140	70	75
English	0	0	0	668,485	365,785	302,695	100	50	60
French	45	20	25	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	40	20	20
Non-official languages	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	269,365	142,370	126,995	50	35	15
English and French	0	0	0	249,945	132,640	117,300	50	35	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	45	20	35	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	190	95	95
None	40	10	25	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	140	85	55
English	15	0	0	720,960	391,075	329,885	15	0	15
French	0	0	0	302,145	161,340	140,805	35	10	25
Non-official language	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	35	10	20	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	180	95	85
Worked at home	10	0	10	897,770	435,285	462,480	35	15	15
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	0	0	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	15	10	10
Usual place of work	25	10	15	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	135	75	65
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	25	10	15	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	135	75	65
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20	10	0	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	115	60	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	419,210	203,335	215,875	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	823,150	442,385	380,765	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	25	0	15	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	150	80	70
Car, truck or van	15	0	10	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	95	65	35
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15	0	10	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	80	60	20
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	15	0	15
Public transit	0	0	0	287,345	120,460	166,885	30	0	30
Walked	0	0	0	178,645	78,570	100,075	10	10	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	10	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	25	0	15	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	150	80	70
Less than 15 minutes	0	0	0	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	45	35	10
15 to 29 minutes	20	0	10	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	40	25	15
30 to 44 minutes	0	0	0	635,870	363,430	272,445	25	15	10
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	10	0	10
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	206,480	126,635	79,840	30	10	15
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	25	0	15	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	150	80	70
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	0	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	15	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	0	10	569,745	368,480	201,265	20	10	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	0	0	0	935,640	441,465	494,170	30	20	10
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	0	0	0	626,895	259,220	367,675	35	10	30
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	0	0	0	330,930	142,495	188,435	30	25	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	0	0	0	489,685	284,160	205,530	15	0	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5	5	5	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	85	45	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	303,835	156,030	147,805	60	25	30
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	30	20	5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5	0	0	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	65	35	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	230,080	118,075	112,005	50	25	25
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	175,305	90,000	85,305	45	25	30
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	0	992,895	508,315	484,580	15	15	10

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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