Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662515More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661542More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24663070More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	595	...	...	367	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	460	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	275	...	...	170	...	...	976,966	...	...	166	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	257	...	...	152	...	...	910,359	...	...	165	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,068.1	...	...	19,315.8	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	3,018.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.12	...	...	0.02	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.15	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	595	275	320	370	195	180	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	460	225	235
0 to 14 years	115	50	60	60	35	25	309,765	158,545	151,225	85	45	45
0 to 4 years	45	20	25	20	15	10	99,195	50,760	48,435	25	5	15
5 to 9 years	35	20	20	20	10	5	106,985	54,660	52,320	30	20	5
10 to 14 years	35	15	15	20	15	10	103,590	53,120	50,470	30	15	15
15 to 64 years	415	190	220	230	120	110	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	275	135	135
15 to 19 years	40	10	30	15	10	10	97,525	49,340	48,180	25	15	15
20 to 24 years	45	25	20	15	10	5	140,025	70,895	69,125	20	10	10
25 to 29 years	50	20	25	25	15	15	165,525	83,630	81,895	15	5	10
30 to 34 years	35	20	15	40	20	15	157,725	78,995	78,730	20	10	10
35 to 39 years	45	20	25	15	10	5	149,265	74,115	75,155	25	20	10
40 to 44 years	40	20	15	25	10	15	142,365	70,920	71,445	50	20	25
45 to 49 years	40	15	20	20	10	10	125,505	62,690	62,815	25	10	15
50 to 54 years	45	20	25	25	10	15	121,710	61,735	59,975	25	15	10
55 to 59 years	45	20	30	20	10	5	125,465	63,810	61,655	35	20	15
60 to 64 years	30	15	15	25	10	10	118,065	57,920	60,140	25	15	15
65 years and over	65	30	35	75	35	40	351,325	151,210	200,120	100	50	50
65 to 69 years	25	15	10	20	10	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	45	20	20
70 to 74 years	15	5	10	25	10	15	86,030	39,185	46,845	30	15	15
75 to 79 years	15	10	5	10	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	20	10	10
80 to 84 years	10	0	5	10	5	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	0	5
85 years and over	5	5	0	10	5	10	55,885	19,015	36,870	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	0	5	0	10	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	5	0	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.3	18.2	18.8	16.2	17.9	13.9	15.5	16.1	14.8	18.5	20.0	19.1
15 to 64 years	69.7	69.1	68.8	62.2	61.5	61.1	67.0	68.5	65.6	59.8	60.0	57.4
65 years and over	10.9	10.9	10.9	20.3	17.9	22.2	17.5	15.4	19.6	21.7	22.2	21.3
85 years and over	0.8	1.8	0.0	2.7	2.6	5.6	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	37.2	37.6	36.9	42.2	40.2	44.4	41.0	39.8	42.1	42.2	41.6	42.8
Median age of the population	36.4	37.2	35.6	41.2	38.0	44.4	39.6	38.4	40.4	43.6	42.8	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	255	...	...	155	...	...	910,360	...	...	165	...	...
Single-detached house	15	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	140	...	...
Semi-detached house	10	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	10	...	...
Row house	10	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	45	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	200	...	...	100	...	...	479,885	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	255	...	...	150	...	...	910,355	...	...	165	...	...
1 person	105	...	...	40	...	...	367,400	...	...	30	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	60	...	...	271,730	...	...	55	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	25	...	...	118,205	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	15	...	...	98,205	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	15	...	...	54,820	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	595	275	320	365	190	180	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	460	230	235
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	480	220	255	310	160	155	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	375	185	190
Married or living common-law	205	105	105	160	85	75	822,440	414,330	408,115	240	120	120
Married	140	70	70	135	75	65	577,060	289,455	287,600	170	85	85
Living common-law	65	35	35	20	10	10	245,385	124,870	120,510	70	35	35
Living common law - Never married	50	25	25	20	10	10	207,040	104,785	102,250	60	30	30
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	0	5	0	0	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	10	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	275	120	155	150	70	80	872,060	410,935	461,125	130	60	70
Not married and not living common law - Never married	205	95	110	90	55	40	627,845	333,150	294,700	95	55	45
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	5	15	15	0	10	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	15	20	25	15	10	126,605	46,380	80,225	10	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	5	10	15	5	15	82,815	16,590	66,225	20	5	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	145	...	...	95	...	...	495,445	...	...	135	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	50	...	...	251,075	...	...	60	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	20	...	...	107,265	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	15	...	...	93,300	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	140	...	...	95	...	...	495,445	...	...	140	...	...
Total couple families	100	...	...	70	...	...	395,645	...	...	120	...	...
Married couples	70	...	...	60	...	...	273,070	...	...	85	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	40	...	...	162,745	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	20	...	...	110,325	...	...	35	...	...
Common-law couples	30	...	...	10	...	...	122,570	...	...	35	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	5	...	...	44,875	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	5	...	...	77,700	...	...	15	...	...
Total one-parent families	45	...	...	25	...	...	99,805	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	35	...	...	20	...	...	80,530	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	595	275	325	365	190	175	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	460	230	235
Total - Persons in census families	455	205	255	275	145	135	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	415	205	205
Married spouses or common-law partners	200	100	100	140	70	70	791,280	398,495	392,785	240	120	120
Parents in one-parent families	45	5	40	25	5	20	99,805	19,275	80,525	15	5	15
Children⁶	215	100	115	110	65	45	541,905	284,935	256,965	155	85	70
In a two-parent family	135	55	80	75	40	30	392,250	205,155	187,095	135	70	55
In a one-parent family	80	40	35	40	25	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	20	10	10
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	140	70	65	90	50	45	526,370	262,915	263,450	45	20	30
Living alone	100	55	55	45	15	25	367,395	175,660	191,740	25	10	15
Living with other relatives⁷	20	5	10	15	5	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	10	5	10
Living with non-relatives only	15	10	5	40	30	10	109,690	65,235	44,455	10	5	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	260	...	...	150	...	...	910,360	...	...	165	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	130	...	...	85	...	...	455,970	...	...	125	...	...
Couple-family households	95	...	...	65	...	...	370,250	...	...	115	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	35	...	...	194,165	...	...	70	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	25	...	...	176,085	...	...	50	...	...
One-parent-family households	40	...	...	25	...	...	85,720	...	...	10	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	10	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	16,550	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	20	...	...	55,210	...	...	0	...	...
One-person households	105	...	...	45	...	...	367,395	...	...	25	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	480	220	260	305	155	150	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	370	180	190
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	465	220	245	280	140	140	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	355	175	180
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,000	33,600	26,600	29,400	24,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	43,200	47,600	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	465	220	245	280	140	140	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	355	175	180
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	34,400	31,000	25,400	26,400	24,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	39,200	41,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	395	190	205	205	110	95	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	325	155	170
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,800	32,000	23,600	20,000	23,200	16,400	31,000	35,200	27,000	38,800	44,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	345	170	180	170	95	70	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	255	130	125
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	33,600	25,200	22,400	25,200	17,600	32,800	36,000	29,600	42,400	52,000	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	410	195	220	255	130	130	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	300	135	165
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,900	11,000	14,700	14,600	15,100	10,800	9,600	12,000	12,600	13,600	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50	20	25	45	25	25	171,705	84,570	87,145	45	30	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	6,500	3,560	5,400	5,720	5,240	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,480	4,160	6,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	185	90	95	100	60	40	529,640	276,110	253,530	100	55	45
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,500	10,200	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,200	9,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	565	250	315	320	155	165	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	390	180	205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	550	250	300	300	150	150	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	360	175	185
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,000	38,800	35,600	30,600	34,000	27,200	53,250	60,050	46,760	53,200	60,800	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	550	250	300	300	150	150	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	360	175	185
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	32,800	31,200	27,600	30,000	25,200	42,520	46,280	38,960	43,800	47,600	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	440	200	235	210	110	105	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	335	160	170
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,800	29,000	25,200	30,400	20,000	48,960	57,350	40,640	44,200	52,400	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	400	195	205	155	80	75	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	210	105	100
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,200	31,200	31,600	38,500	24,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	55,200	60,000	51,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	500	235	275	280	130	150	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	315	140	170
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,320	8,700	13,600	14,000	14,400	13,600	12,040	10,900	13,040	14,800	16,400	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50	30	25	45	25	20	171,360	84,435	86,925	40	25	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	7,600	5,600	6,400	7,200	6,000	6,840	6,065	7,590	8,800	11,000	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	230	95	135	80	45	30	528,305	276,300	252,005	85	60	25
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	8,800	6,700	9,600	8,800	11,000	9,110	9,140	9,070	11,800	11,200	12,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	565	255	315	320	155	165	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	385	180	205
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	165	100	60	60	45	20	514,340	278,505	235,830	90	35	55
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,000	42,800	46,400	48,400	34,400	x	60,000	63,600	56,000	87,000	109,000	72,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,400	52,000	64,000	52,000	52,000	50,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	92,000	120,000	76,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	190	65	130	55	25	25	504,455	247,565	256,895	95	55	45
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,900	21,200	9,300	14,900	x	x	16,400	17,400	15,500	19,800	24,600	19,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	25,000	17,200	18,500	20,000	18,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	32,500	39,000	24,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.0	80.0	65.0	58.0	64.0	50.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	76.0	79.0	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.0	77.0	60.0	52.0	60.0	44.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	60.0	60.0	60.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	28.0	20.4	34.5	42.0	36.0	50.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	24.0	21.0	27.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	2.0	1.4	3.0	2.8	2.8	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.9	2.4	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.9	10.0	10.0	10.0	9.2	10.8	6.4	5.9	7.0	5.8	6.6	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.6	8.8	8.4	8.5	8.0	9.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	5.2	6.0	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	480	220	255	310	160	155	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	375	185	190
Without total income	15	0	10	30	10	15	65,020	32,205	32,820	20	10	10
With total income	465	220	245	280	145	135	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	355	170	185
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	20	30	20	5	15	138,250	65,670	72,580	20	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	35	65	35	30	200,450	93,060	107,390	40	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	85	45	45	65	35	35	286,825	131,235	155,595	55	25	25
$30,000 to $39,999	65	35	35	50	25	25	215,455	102,705	112,755	45	20	25
$40,000 to $49,999	65	25	35	30	15	15	181,505	86,460	95,040	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	25	10	5	0	138,185	64,805	73,380	40	20	15
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	10	5	0	0	100,060	48,510	51,550	25	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	5	0	0	74,165	37,625	36,540	20	15	5
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	10	0	10	58,400	30,060	28,335	20	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	10	0	0	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	15	5	10
$100,000 and over	25	15	10	10	5	0	149,555	92,680	56,875	35	20	15
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	10	10	10	0	90,980	53,275	37,705	25	15	15
$150,000 and over	10	5	5	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	5	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	480	220	255	310	160	155	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	375	185	190
Without after-tax income	15	0	10	30	10	15	64,605	32,005	32,605	20	10	10
With after-tax income	465	220	245	280	145	135	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	355	170	185
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	20	30	20	5	15	144,275	67,955	76,320	20	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	65	30	35	70	35	30	210,975	98,495	112,480	40	20	25
$20,000 to $29,999	100	45	55	80	40	40	334,395	155,845	178,545	70	35	35
$30,000 to $39,999	85	40	45	55	30	25	257,145	124,835	132,315	50	25	25
$40,000 to $49,999	65	35	30	25	10	15	204,980	97,805	107,175	60	30	35
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	25	10	5	0	139,760	67,315	72,450	30	20	15
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	10	0	10	93,705	46,700	47,005	25	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	10	5	0	0	61,765	31,815	29,945	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	0	0	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	10	0	5
$100,000 and over	10	10	5	5	5	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	10	5	5
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	10	5	0
$125,000 and over	10	0	5	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	5	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	480	220	255	310	160	155	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	375	185	190
Without employment income	135	55	80	140	60	80	495,060	212,405	282,660	120	55	70
With employment income	345	165	180	165	95	70	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	255	125	125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	20	30	20	15	10	167,560	82,405	85,155	40	20	15
$5,000 to $9,999	35	10	25	25	15	15	111,575	52,975	58,595	25	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	55	20	30	30	15	15	151,350	72,815	78,530	20	10	10
$20,000 to $29,999	40	20	20	25	15	10	116,030	56,295	59,730	25	10	15
$30,000 to $39,999	45	20	25	15	10	5	108,120	55,225	52,890	20	5	15
$40,000 to $49,999	35	20	15	15	5	5	104,250	51,950	52,300	20	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	10	5	0	0	84,485	42,940	41,540	30	15	10
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	10	5	0	0	66,190	35,045	31,145	20	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	5	5	0	52,585	28,500	24,080	20	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	10	0	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	15	5	10
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	25	15	10	5	5	0	115,575	74,545	41,030	25	15	10
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	5	0	0	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	15	5	10
$125,000 and over	10	10	5	5	5	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	10	10	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	480	220	260	305	155	150	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	370	180	190
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	450	215	240	280	140	135	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	350	170	180
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	30,600	30,400	22,400	23,400	22,200	34,000	36,400	31,800	43,600	49,200	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	450	215	240	280	140	135	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	350	170	180
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	29,000	28,800	22,200	22,400	22,200	31,000	32,800	29,400	39,600	42,000	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	180	205	195	110	90	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	320	155	165
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	33,600	24,400	24,000	23,800	24,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	40,000	46,800	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	330	165	170	160	95	65	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	260	130	125
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	33,200	26,800	25,800	26,600	24,800	33,600	36,800	30,400	42,800	50,400	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	360	165	195	255	125	130	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	260	110	150
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	3,800	7,550	6,900	4,280	7,950	4,440	2,760	7,300	9,100	7,000	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	35	20	25	20	10	10	114,940	56,080	58,855	35	15	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	x	8,900	4,200	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,360	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	565	250	315	320	155	165	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	390	180	205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	525	235	290	305	155	150	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	355	175	180
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	36,800	33,200	27,800	29,200	26,400	50,000	57,050	43,280	50,800	58,800	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	525	235	290	305	155	150	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	355	175	180
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	31,000	29,200	24,800	25,600	24,400	39,800	43,800	35,920	42,000	47,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	425	190	230	200	100	100	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	320	165	155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,000	29,000	29,000	33,000	24,800	49,080	57,750	40,560	46,000	54,000	37,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	180	200	150	80	75	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	215	110	100
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,200	41,600	31,600	36,000	42,000	30,000	48,720	55,750	41,240	54,400	60,000	48,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	435	185	250	285	140	140	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	290	120	165
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,880	5,200	11,700	9,500	8,600	10,400	8,250	6,740	9,510	11,900	11,600	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45	20	25	25	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	40	20	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,200	5,600	16,000	4,000	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	8,500	8,000	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	565	255	315	320	155	165	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	385	180	205
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	155	95	60	55	35	20	507,645	274,575	233,070	90	35	55
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	41,200	39,200	41,200	47,600	43,600	x	54,400	58,400	50,400	87,000	120,000	74,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,000	49,000	62,000	58,000	64,000	45,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	86,000	110,000	70,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	160	55	105	65	35	30	462,020	227,495	234,530	80	50	30
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	12,200	29,200	9,500	19,600	17,200	19,800	21,800	23,200	20,400	21,800	17,800	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	32,000	16,800	23,000	24,000	22,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	39,000	46,000	30,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.0	88.0	70.0	68.0	72.0	62.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	80.0	86.0	74.0
Employment income (%)	75.5	86.0	66.0	64.0	72.0	56.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	64.0	64.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)	21.0	11.2	30.0	32.0	27.0	37.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	19.2	13.6	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	1.4	4.0	1.2	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.6	1.2	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	255	...	...	150	...	...	910,355	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	52,800	...	...	66,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	51,600	...	...	58,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	105	...	...	45	...	...	367,395	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	26,400	...	...	38,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	25,400	...	...	34,000	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	155	...	...	110	...	...	542,960	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	92,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	58,800	...	...	80,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	56,800	...	...	92,700	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	51,600	...	...	74,100	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	105	...	...	45	...	...	367,255	...	...	20	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...	30,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	48,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,000	...	...	27,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...	120	...	...	543,100	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	67,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	61,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	255	...	...	150	...	...	910,355	...	...	165	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	25,730	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	57,720	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	40,595	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	41,545	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	40,980	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	75,485	...	...	5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	67,695	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	60,495	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	54,055	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	20	...	...	270,265	...	...	80	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	85,635	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	56,205	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	62,095	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	66,335	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	255	...	...	150	...	...	910,355	...	...	165	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	27,485	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	63,030	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	48,815	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	51,055	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	85,490	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	75,625	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	65,530	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	54,850	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	45,065	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	15	...	...	197,490	...	...	70	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	78,870	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	45,905	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	5	...	...	72,715	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	145	...	...	95	...	...	501,830	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	62,400	...	...	94,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	57,600	...	...	82,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	25	...	...	179,195	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	44,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	43,600	...	...	75,000	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	40	...	...	208,260	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	76,500	...	...	102,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	25	...	...	95,875	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	48,800	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	46,800	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	120	65	55	80	45	35	477,085	240,895	236,195	35	15	20
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	42,000	34,400	27,200	28,600	26,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	37,600	x	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,000	31,000	26,200	26,200	26,000	31,200	31,200	31,200	34,800	x	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	160	...	...	110	...	...	501,905	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	67,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	30	...	...	179,455	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	40,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	40,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	45	...	...	208,375	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	25	...	...	95,455	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	125	70	55	70	45	25	476,520	240,280	236,245	20	0	0
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,000	40,000	24,000	28,000	31,000	22,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	48,000	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,200	34,000	23,000	26,000	27,000	22,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	40,000	x	x
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	595	275	320	370	195	175	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	460	225	235
0 to 17 years	135	55	75	75	40	30	365,020	186,710	178,315	105	50	55
0 to 5 years	50	20	30	25	10	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	25	10	15
18 to 64 years	395	185	205	215	115	100	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	250	130	130
65 years and over	65	30	35	75	35	40	317,425	140,270	177,155	100	50	50
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	100	45	50	100	55	45	321,885	154,370	167,510	30	15	20
0 to 17 years	30	10	15	25	15	10	54,265	27,870	26,395	5	5	5
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	10	5	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	55	25	25	45	25	20	197,020	99,310	97,710	15	10	10
65 years and over	20	10	10	35	15	15	70,600	27,185	43,415	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.4	17.0	16.0	27.2	28.0	26.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	6.8	6.0	8.0
0 to 17 years (%)	20.0	20.0	20.0	32.0	36.0	30.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	6.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	28.0	25.0	30.0	30.0	40.0	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	14.0	12.0	21.0	20.0	20.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	7.0	6.0	8.0
65 years and over (%)	28.0	25.0	28.0	44.0	45.0	40.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	8.0	8.0	10.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	595	275	325	365	190	175	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	460	230	235
0 to 17 years	135	60	80	70	40	35	365,025	186,705	178,315	105	55	50
0 to 5 years	50	20	25	25	15	10	120,610	61,615	58,995	30	10	15
18 to 64 years	390	185	210	220	120	105	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	255	125	130
65 years and over	70	35	35	80	35	40	317,425	140,265	177,155	100	45	55
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	65	30	35	60	35	25	213,720	108,905	104,815	15	5	5
0 to 17 years	20	5	15	15	10	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	5	5	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	40	20	20	30	20	10	153,385	81,765	71,620	10	5	5
65 years and over	5	5	5	10	5	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.2	11.0	11.0	16.5	19.0	14.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	3.2	2.5	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	10.0	16.0	28.0	28.0	25.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	x	16.0	20.0	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	11.0	9.0	15.0	16.0	12.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	4.5	4.0	5.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0	12.0	16.0	14.0	16.0	10.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	595	275	320	370	190	180	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	460	225	235
In bottom half of the distribution	400	190	205	305	160	140	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	205	100	105
In bottom decile	80	40	45	85	50	40	298,540	147,890	150,655	35	15	15
In second decile	85	40	50	85	45	40	244,435	115,985	128,450	20	10	10
In third decile	80	35	45	70	30	35	240,895	116,550	124,345	35	20	20
In fourth decile	100	55	50	40	25	15	218,125	105,885	112,240	40	15	30
In fifth decile	45	30	20	20	5	10	194,765	95,185	99,580	80	40	35
In top half of the distribution	195	85	110	65	30	30	762,590	384,140	378,450	250	130	125
In sixth decile	65	30	40	20	10	10	172,200	85,100	87,095	45	20	20
In seventh decile	50	20	30	10	0	10	156,540	78,290	78,250	60	30	30
In eighth decile	40	20	20	25	10	10	144,120	72,600	71,525	85	45	35
In ninth decile	20	10	10	0	0	0	134,265	68,285	65,980	40	20	20
In top decile	20	15	10	0	0	0	155,465	79,870	75,595	25	10	10
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	595	...	...	365	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.346	...	...	0.324	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.247	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.518	...	...	0.580	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.368	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293	...	...	0.285	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.211	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	2.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	595	275	325	365	190	175	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	460	230	235
English only	35	15	20	120	65	50	262,290	133,690	128,600	40	20	25
French only	215	90	125	25	10	25	486,845	221,005	265,840	110	45	65
English and French	335	165	175	175	95	80	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	305	165	145
Neither English nor French	10	10	5	45	20	30	45,860	18,340	27,520	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	595	275	325	365	190	175	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	460	230	235
English	60	25	35	180	100	85	605,220	303,380	301,835	125	65	60
French	460	215	250	70	30	35	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	290	140	155
English and French	60	30	35	70	40	30	173,785	88,480	85,300	40	20	15
Neither English nor French	10	10	5	45	20	25	44,430	17,640	26,790	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	595	275	325	365	190	175	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	460	230	235
Single responses	545	255	290	330	165	165	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	420	210	215
Official languages	340	160	180	85	50	40	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	325	160	175
English	35	20	20	50	30	20	322,315	162,085	160,230	75	35	40
French	305	145	160	40	20	20	870,975	428,435	442,540	255	120	130
Non-official languages	205	95	110	245	120	120	643,275	311,525	331,750	95	50	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	205	95	110	245	120	120	642,820	311,370	331,445	95	50	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	40	40	15	10	10	129,195	68,395	60,805	35	15	15
Berber languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	10	5	0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	5	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	80	40	40	15	5	10	112,200	59,320	52,880	15	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	80	40	40	15	5	10	107,605	56,960	50,645	20	5	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	10	5	0	5	37,690	16,985	20,705	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	5	0	5	27,565	12,185	15,375	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	5	5	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	35	45	205	105	100	329,415	158,980	170,435	50	25	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	5	0	5	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5	75	35	40	17,080	8,125	8,955	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	10	105	60	45	68,600	36,145	32,455	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	10	85	50	40	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	10	15	5	10	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5	5	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40	20	15	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	30	20	15	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	15	10	20,550	10,275	10,275	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	20	15	10	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	10	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	30	15	5	10	183,755	87,295	96,460	20	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	15	5	10	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	10	5	5	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	10	5	5
Spanish	25	10	20	5	5	0	85,395	41,150	44,250	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	20	30	40	25	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	35	20	15
English and French	5	5	0	5	5	0	42,695	21,750	20,940	20	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	20	10	10	32,265	15,955	16,310	10	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	5	0	0	47,185	23,615	23,570	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	5	5	5	5	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	595	275	325	365	190	175	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	460	230	235
English	20	10	20	40	20	20	340,470	170,050	170,425	85	40	40
French	305	145	160	40	25	20	779,125	383,000	396,125	235	115	125
Non-official language	65	30	35	105	50	55	204,395	96,705	107,690	40	20	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	30	35	105	50	55	204,315	96,670	107,645	40	20	20
English and French	45	20	20	10	5	5	173,135	89,205	83,935	45	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	90	50	35	135,390	66,995	68,400	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	25	10	15	180,900	85,935	94,965	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	50	30	20	154,470	76,450	78,020	30	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	10	5	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	595	275	325	365	190	175	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	460	230	235
Single responses	545	250	290	310	155	150	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	420	205	215
Official languages	430	205	230	125	65	60	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	365	175	190
English	45	20	30	75	45	35	479,850	239,270	240,580	105	55	50
French	385	185	200	45	25	20	956,130	471,155	484,975	265	120	140
Non-official languages	110	50	65	185	90	90	370,290	177,955	192,335	55	30	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	110	50	65	185	90	90	370,125	177,895	192,235	55	30	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0	0	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	15	10	10
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	15	20	0	0	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	40	15	20	0	0	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	5	0	5	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	5	0	5	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	5	5	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	25	30	160	85	75	188,550	90,370	98,185	30	20	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	5	0	5	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	0	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5	50	25	30	8,270	3,715	4,555	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	95	55	40	50,680	26,200	24,485	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	90	50	40	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5	10	5	5	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5	5	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40	15	20	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	40	25	15	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	15,075	7,345	7,730	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	10	10	5	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	5	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	15	10	5	10	95,835	44,515	51,315	15	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	5	10	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	5	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	5	5	0
Spanish	15	10	10	0	0	0	54,335	26,035	28,300	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	25	30	60	35	25	173,745	85,640	88,110	40	20	20
English and French	15	10	10	0	0	0	53,305	27,065	26,240	20	15	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25	15	10	39,365	19,140	20,225	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	25	5	15	10	0	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	20	15	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	595	275	325	365	190	175	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	460	230	235
None	435	200	235	225	110	110	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	395	190	200
English	30	15	15	35	20	20	131,630	67,290	64,340	25	5	15
French	35	20	15	30	10	15	126,780	62,180	64,600	20	15	5
Non-official language	60	25	35	40	25	10	144,335	69,210	75,130	15	5	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	25	35	40	25	10	144,155	69,135	75,015	15	5	10
English and French	15	0	10	10	0	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	15	10	10	38,875	19,700	19,180	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	5	0	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	5	5	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	690	325	365	390	205	190	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	485	235	250
Official languages	675	315	360	330	170	160	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	485	230	250
English	430	215	220	285	160	125	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	390	190	200
French	630	295	340	225	115	115	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	435	210	225
Non-official languages	380	160	220	365	190	175	971,455	471,755	499,700	145	80	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	380	160	220	365	190	175	970,710	471,495	499,220	145	80	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	200	95	105	30	10	25	217,295	113,605	103,690	25	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	200	95	105	30	10	25	205,120	107,210	97,905	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	200	95	105	30	10	25	188,115	98,545	89,565	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	55	15	45	20	0	10	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	55	15	45	20	0	10	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	105	45	55	280	170	115	514,485	250,190	264,295	115	65	50
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	15	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	10	120	70	55	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	130	90	45	91,140	48,390	42,750	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10	130	85	45	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	10	25	20	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	60	30	30	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	70	50	20	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	25	35	15	20	324,695	154,360	170,340	65	40	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0	20	15	10	107,285	51,300	55,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	0	10	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	15	0	10	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	20	15	10
Spanish	25	10	15	15	10	0	193,835	91,345	102,490	35	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	20	0	20	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	685	320	365	395	205	190	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	485	230	255
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	685	320	365	395	205	190	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	485	230	255
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	685	320	365	395	205	190	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	485	230	255
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	685	320	365	395	205	190	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	485	230	255
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
Owner	100	...	...	25	...	...	360,125	...	...	165	...	...
Renter	175	...	...	140	...	...	550,240	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
Condominium	55	...	...	10	...	...	192,985	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	220	...	...	150	...	...	717,375	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	60	...	...	50	...	...	267,715	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	100	...	...	85	...	...	303,875	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	70	...	...	20	...	...	220,945	...	...	95	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	40	...	...	0	...	...	98,090	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	140	...	...	110	...	...	501,570	...	...	10	...	...
5 rooms	35	...	...	35	...	...	166,230	...	...	20	...	...
6 rooms	50	...	...	15	...	...	78,495	...	...	20	...	...
7 rooms	25	...	...	0	...	...	58,850	...	...	55	...	...
8 or more rooms	30	...	...	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	70	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.8	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.7	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
One person or fewer per room	250	...	...	145	...	...	881,730	...	...	170	...	...
More than one person per room	25	...	...	20	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
Suitable	235	...	...	125	...	...	834,885	...	...	175	...	...
Not suitable	45	...	...	40	...	...	75,475	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
1960 or before	120	...	...	60	...	...	325,005	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	60	...	...	90	...	...	282,605	...	...	145	...	...
1981 to 1990	55	...	...	0	...	...	101,185	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	25	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	10	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	10	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	245	...	...	140	...	...	833,540	...	...	155	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	25	...	...	76,815	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
One-maintainer household	180	...	...	90	...	...	543,605	...	...	85	...	...
Two-maintainer household	75	...	...	60	...	...	333,140	...	...	85	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	10	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	45	...	...	15	...	...	162,375	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	40	...	...	30	...	...	171,535	...	...	35	...	...
45 to 54 years	90	...	...	30	...	...	155,520	...	...	35	...	...
55 to 64 years	60	...	...	25	...	...	156,865	...	...	25	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	30	...	...	122,825	...	...	65	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	20	...	...	70,345	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	10	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	275	...	...	160	...	...	902,485	...	...	175	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	185	...	...	140	...	...	686,075	...	...	150	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	95	...	...	25	...	...	216,410	...	...	25	...	...
30% to less than 100%	95	...	...	20	...	...	189,795	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	280	...	...	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	65	...	...	330,635	...	...	40	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	80	...	...	20	...	...	186,350	...	...	20	...	...
Not suitable only	35	...	...	20	...	...	56,480	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	10	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	135	...	...	100	...	...	579,720	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	275	...	...	155	...	...	875,865	...	...	175	...	...
In core need	45	...	...	25	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	230	...	...	135	...	...	787,925	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	100	...	...	20	...	...	360,120	...	...	165	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	80.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	48.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	12.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	x	...	...	1,370	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680	...	...	1,000	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,190	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	x	...	...	544,000	...	...	452,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	520,000	...	...	680,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	180	...	...	140	...	...	550,235	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.2	...	...	10.7	...	...	8.4	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.6	...	...	17.9	...	...	28.4	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.0	...	...	14.8	...	...	14.6	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	790	...	...	730	...	...	890	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	780	...	...	987	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	690	320	365	395	205	185	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	485	230	255
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	20	20	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	20	20	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	690	320	365	395	205	185	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	465	215	255
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	690	325	365	395	205	190	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	485	230	255
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	610	290	315	285	150	140	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	475	225	250
Canadian citizens aged under 18	150	75	80	70	40	30	322,965	164,980	157,985	120	50	65
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	460	220	235	215	110	105	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	355	170	180
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	80	30	45	110	55	55	313,410	160,530	152,885	0	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	690	325	365	395	205	190	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	485	230	255
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	390	190	195	130	75	55	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	365	175	190
Immigrants⁸¹	285	125	160	210	100	110	652,730	313,955	338,770	120	55	60
Before 1980	15	0	10	75	45	30	108,265	50,530	57,735	45	25	20
1980 to 1990	20	10	0	10	0	10	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	80	30	50	25	0	15	106,810	50,520	56,290	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	120	55	65	45	30	20	154,780	74,520	80,255	15	10	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	40	15	25	60	20	30	213,175	104,225	108,950	45	20	30
2011 to 2015	30	15	15	10	0	10	99,070	48,005	51,065	35	15	20
2016 to 2021	15	0	0	40	15	25	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	20	0	15	50	35	20	138,240	75,380	62,860	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	285	125	155	210	100	110	652,725	313,955	338,770	120	60	60
Under 5 years	25	15	15	15	10	10	52,990	26,810	26,180	30	20	15
5 to 14 years	35	10	25	40	30	10	103,285	51,965	51,320	20	10	10
15 to 24 years	60	30	35	40	10	35	118,475	53,035	65,440	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	125	65	60	110	50	60	326,320	158,620	167,700	60	25	35
45 years and over	25	10	20	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	285	125	155	210	100	110	652,725	313,955	338,770	120	60	60
Americas	45	15	25	35	15	20	137,955	63,465	74,485	15	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	25	10	15	20	10	15	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	0	10	10	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	35	20	20	70	30	45	158,795	76,610	82,190	40	25	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	10	0	0	55	30	25	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	10	0	10	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	15	10	10
Africa	155	60	90	35	10	25	152,205	77,515	74,690	35	15	25
Algeria	55	20	30	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	15	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	35	10	25	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	20	15	0	15	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	45	20	25	70	45	25	202,715	95,775	106,935	25	15	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	10	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	25	15	10	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	15	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	30	25	10	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15	10	10	45	0	25	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	690	325	365	390	205	190	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	485	235	255
First generation¹⁰⁰	320	140	180	270	135	135	813,905	400,325	413,580	130	60	65
Second generation¹⁰¹	220	100	120	100	55	45	424,225	212,755	211,475	80	40	40
Third generation or more¹⁰²	145	80	65	25	15	10	721,230	352,590	368,630	280	135	145
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	260	115	145	135	55	80	544,455	263,425	281,040	75	35	45
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	135	65	70	35	25	15	303,105	155,090	148,020	65	35	35
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	65	60	10	15	10	0	151,015	87,200	63,815	20	15	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	70	10	60	25	15	10	152,090	67,890	84,205	45	20	25
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	95	30	65	70	30	50	146,645	59,645	87,000	10	0	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	35	15	15	10	0	10	85,165	44,145	41,025	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	15	0	15	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	260	115	145	135	55	80	544,455	263,425	281,040	75	35	45
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	15	20	0	20	53,655	28,340	25,310	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	10	0	0	0	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	200	85	120	105	55	55	387,815	184,015	203,795	75	35	45
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	685	325	365	395	205	190	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	485	230	255
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	400	160	235	205	110	100	737,510	363,785	373,725	55	30	35
South Asian	25	15	10	110	75	35	91,370	48,660	42,710	15	0	10
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	145	55	90	50	15	35	208,805	101,125	107,680	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	190	80	115	35	10	25	151,890	79,375	72,515	0	0	0
Latin American	15	10	0	0	0	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	290	160	125	185	95	90	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	425	210	220
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	690	325	365	395	205	190	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	485	235	255
Canadian	70	40	30	0	0	0	241,015	115,880	125,135	100	40	55
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	15	15	0
Irish	35	30	0	0	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	65	35	30
Scottish	0	0	0	10	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	15	0	15
French, n.o.s.¹²²	85	45	35	0	0	0	336,880	169,710	167,170	150	75	70
German	0	0	0	10	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	15	0	15
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	15	0	10	156,025	76,485	79,535	35	15	20
Indian (India)	0	0	0	15	10	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	10	0	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	35	10	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	25	15	10	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	25	25	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	65	45	20	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	20	10	10	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90	40	50	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	15	110	65	45	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	15	0	10	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	20	15	10
Lebanese	20	0	15	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	15	0	10	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	50	20	35	25	10	10	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	45	35	10	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	65	30	40	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	25	15	10	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	50	20	30	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	25	10	10	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	685	320	365	395	205	190	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	485	230	255
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	245	105	135	175	90	85	969,945	451,410	518,540	355	155	200
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	55	30	30	0	0	0	116,635	55,545	61,090	35	15	20
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	140	70	70	35	10	30	675,695	314,690	361,010	255	115	135
Christian Orthodox	20	0	20	120	70	45	68,635	32,680	35,950	60	20	30
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	275	135	140	145	80	60	233,440	121,145	112,290	40	20	20
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	160	75	80	60	30	30	590,140	310,985	279,165	85	50	35
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	680	320	365	390	205	190	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	485	230	255
Non-movers	600	270	330	345	170	175	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	465	225	245
Movers	85	50	40	45	30	15	255,365	129,500	125,865	15	10	10
Non-migrants	80	45	40	40	20	15	186,805	94,745	92,055	15	10	10
Migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	635	280	355	380	195	180	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	465	225	245
Non-movers	315	130	185	225	120	105	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	390	190	200
Movers	320	150	170	155	75	75	821,475	413,250	408,230	75	35	40
Non-migrants	265	130	135	80	25	55	433,700	216,030	217,670	65	30	35
Migrants	60	20	40	70	50	20	387,770	197,215	190,560	15	0	10
Internal migrants	40	10	25	0	0	0	190,035	93,955	96,075	15	0	10
Intraprovincial migrants	40	10	20	0	0	0	159,710	78,770	80,940	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	20	10	10	60	40	20	197,735	103,260	94,485	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	565	250	315	320	155	165	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	385	180	205
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	100	30	70	130	65	60	274,820	136,500	138,320	65	25	40
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	465	225	245	190	85	105	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	320	155	170
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	380	195	185	205	105	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	205	95	105
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50	15	35	45	20	25	121,295	65,950	55,345	30	10	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	325	180	150	165	80	80	975,700	481,690	494,005	175	85	90
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	565	250	315	325	155	170	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	390	180	205
No certificate, diploma or degree	90	30	65	125	65	60	247,460	120,840	126,625	55	20	35
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	190	100	85	100	60	45	319,755	162,520	157,240	130	70	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	285	120	165	95	30	65	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	200	90	110
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	150	60	90	40	10	30	473,060	232,855	240,210	85	50	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	25	20	20	10	10	146,170	81,740	64,425	25	15	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	10	20	0	0	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	15	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	10	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	20	60	20	0	15	260,845	122,345	138,495	55	30	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	15	15	0	0	0	66,045	28,760	37,285	10	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	135	65	70	55	20	30	609,855	291,355	318,505	115	35	80
Bachelor's degree	50	25	25	35	15	25	344,605	160,320	184,285	65	20	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	25	20	0	0	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	20	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	15	0	10
Master's degree	40	15	20	20	10	0	159,510	78,325	81,190	10	0	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	380	195	190	210	105	100	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	200	95	105
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	10	30	45	25	20	102,815	55,805	47,015	25	10	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	95	65	25	85	55	30	162,205	88,420	73,785	30	25	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	240	115	125	80	30	55	831,975	403,420	428,555	145	65	80
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	120	55	65	30	10	25	333,160	167,260	165,895	55	40	20
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	25	15	10	0	10	110,390	60,690	49,700	20	10	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	15	15	0	0	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	15	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	10	0	10	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	15	40	20	0	20	174,185	84,745	89,445	30	20	10
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	20	10	0	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	10	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	115	60	65	50	25	25	498,815	236,155	262,665	85	25	60
Bachelor's degree	50	25	20	30	10	20	276,640	128,890	147,745	50	15	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	20	15	0	0	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	15	0	10
Master's degree	35	15	20	15	10	10	137,150	66,720	70,430	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	565	250	315	320	155	170	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	390	180	205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	280	130	150	225	120	105	567,220	283,355	283,860	185	90	95
Education	15	0	15	10	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	0	25
13. Education	15	0	15	10	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	10	0	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	10	0	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	0	0	0
Humanities	25	0	20	10	0	10	78,920	30,815	48,110	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	0	20	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	20	15	0	15	157,220	58,185	99,040	20	0	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	59,300	29,185	30,110	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	70	25	50	0	0	0	248,895	110,950	137,945	60	20	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	25	45	0	0	0	237,125	108,040	129,090	60	20	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	10	0	0	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	20	0	0	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	35	0	15	15	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	50	45	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	10	0	10	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	35	15	0	15	122,295	30,795	91,495	20	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	35	15	0	15	109,185	24,140	85,045	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	15	0	10	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	10	0	10	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	380	195	185	210	105	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	200	100	105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	145	80	60	130	75	55	265,025	144,230	120,800	55	35	25
Education	15	0	10	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
13. Education	15	0	10	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	10	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	10	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	10	0	0	10	0	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	15	20	10	0	10	121,985	44,105	77,880	10	0	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	44,580	21,945	22,635	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	55	20	40	0	0	0	199,525	87,920	111,600	35	15	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	20	30	0	0	0	190,410	85,600	104,810	35	15	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	10	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	20	0	0	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	25	0	10	10	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	40	35	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	15	0	10	10	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	15	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	35	10	0	10	92,595	23,265	69,330	20	0	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	35	10	0	10	82,410	18,370	64,045	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	0	10	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	10	0	10	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	380	195	185	210	105	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	200	100	105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	145	80	60	130	75	55	265,025	144,230	120,800	55	35	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	235	115	120	80	30	50	831,975	403,415	428,560	145	65	80
Location of study inside Canada	200	90	110	35	10	25	598,455	286,340	312,115	105	50	55
Same as province or territory of residence	195	85	110	35	10	25	566,540	270,160	296,380	105	50	55
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	40	25	15	45	20	25	233,520	117,075	116,445	40	15	25
Americas	0	0	0	10	0	10	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	0	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	10	0	10
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	15	0	10	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	15	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	10	10	0	25	10	15	65,125	28,945	36,180	10	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	565	250	315	325	155	170	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	390	180	205
In the labour force	345	175	170	150	90	60	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	215	115	100
Employed	315	155	160	125	70	55	971,245	502,885	468,360	200	105	95
Unemployed	25	15	10	25	20	0	110,395	58,460	51,935	15	10	10
Not in the labour force	220	75	145	175	65	110	568,495	246,215	322,280	175	70	100
Participation rate	61.1	70.0	54.0	46.2	58.1	35.3	65.5	69.5	61.8	55.1	63.9	48.8
Employment rate	55.8	62.0	50.8	38.5	45.2	32.4	58.9	62.3	55.6	51.3	58.3	46.3
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.6	5.9	16.7	22.2	0.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	7.0	8.7	10.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	565	250	315	320	155	170	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	390	180	210
Did not work¹⁸⁶	200	80	115	190	75	110	582,470	253,075	329,400	195	85	110
Worked	365	165	195	130	75	55	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	190	95	100
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	160	105	60	65	40	25	529,400	287,950	241,450	90	40	55
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	200	70	135	70	30	35	538,265	266,540	271,725	105	60	45
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3	42.2	36.8	38.8	42.0	34.0	39.7	40.2	39.3	39.2	36.8	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	340	170	170	150	85	60	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	215	115	105
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	15	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	335	165	170	140	80	60	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	200	100	100
Employee	280	130	150	130	65	60	907,745	457,830	449,915	180	90	95
Permanent position	205	110	95	105	50	55	741,830	380,445	361,385	140	60	80
Temporary position	70	15	60	25	20	0	165,915	77,385	88,530	40	30	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	15	15	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	70	15	55	10	0	0	96,225	46,100	50,120	35	30	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	60	35	15	20	20	0	142,380	88,145	54,230	20	15	0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	340	170	170	150	85	60	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	215	115	105
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	15	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	335	165	170	140	80	60	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	200	100	100
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	65	35	30	15	0	10	207,660	79,975	127,685	35	0	20
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	20	0	15	15	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	40	25	10
3 Health occupations	30	0	30	0	0	0	85,545	21,700	63,845	10	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	65	20	45	10	0	0	140,500	46,385	94,115	30	10	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	10	0	0	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	85	25	60	40	20	25	263,055	135,300	127,750	45	25	20
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	40	0	30	20	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	30	30	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	20	15	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	10	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	10	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	340	170	170	150	85	60	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	215	115	105
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	15	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	335	165	170	140	80	60	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	200	100	100
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	10	10	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	15	15	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	25	15	10	20	15	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	20	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	15	10	0	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	50	30	25	10	0	0	111,555	56,180	55,375	20	0	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	25	0	0	0	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	10	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	10	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	15	0	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	10	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	15	10	10	10	0	130,405	75,750	54,655	30	15	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	15	10	15	0	15	49,530	29,800	19,735	15	15	0
61 Educational services	45	20	25	0	0	0	95,290	34,510	60,780	30	10	20
62 Health care and social assistance	70	0	70	25	0	20	142,545	36,095	106,450	10	0	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	10	20	10	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	10	10	0
91 Public administration	20	20	0	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	10	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	385	175	205	150	80	70	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	215	115	100
English	25	25	0	60	45	15	201,310	110,165	91,150	25	20	10
French	215	80	130	35	20	20	416,430	206,170	210,265	50	15	35
Non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	10	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	120	65	55	30	0	25	473,485	249,700	223,785	135	80	60
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	10	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	385	175	205	150	80	70	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	215	115	100
Single responses	360	165	195	125	75	50	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	190	105	90
Official languages	350	160	195	115	75	45	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	190	105	90
English	55	40	20	70	45	15	361,715	194,885	166,835	65	50	20
French	295	120	175	50	25	25	645,885	327,180	318,705	125	55	70
Non-official languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	10	25	0	20	126,180	65,940	60,240	20	15	0
English and French	20	10	10	25	0	20	116,535	60,925	55,605	20	15	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	385	175	205	150	80	70	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	215	115	100
None	260	115	150	120	75	55	743,180	381,875	361,305	95	45	50
English	70	35	35	10	0	0	219,885	116,455	103,430	75	40	35
French	30	25	10	0	0	0	149,470	78,495	70,975	40	30	10
Non-official language	10	10	0	10	0	10	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0	10	0	10	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	320	155	160	120	65	60	971,245	502,885	468,360	200	105	90
Worked at home	55	40	15	20	15	0	298,820	151,335	147,485	35	15	20
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	50	25	25	15	10	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	15	15	0
Usual place of work	215	85	125	85	35	50	580,035	286,695	293,340	150	70	75
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	210	85	125	85	35	45	580,035	286,695	293,340	145	70	75
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	170	60	115	65	25	40	427,475	202,010	225,465	105	50	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	25	15	10	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	25	15	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	15	0	20	10	10	58,865	35,690	23,175	10	0	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	265	115	145	95	45	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	165	85	75
Car, truck or van	165	85	80	40	35	10	395,615	229,315	166,300	145	75	70
Car, truck or van - as a driver	150	85	60	35	35	0	365,770	218,475	147,295	135	75	55
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	0	20	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	10	0	10
Public transit	65	20	45	45	10	35	177,860	74,605	103,260	0	0	0
Walked	20	0	20	10	0	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	10	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	10	0	0	10	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	265	115	145	95	45	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	165	85	75
Less than 15 minutes	50	25	30	10	0	0	125,240	61,185	64,055	45	15	25
15 to 29 minutes	105	40	65	25	10	10	241,005	129,590	111,420	40	25	15
30 to 44 minutes	65	40	25	35	15	20	176,925	96,710	80,215	50	25	25
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	15	0	0	67,635	33,110	34,530	15	15	0
60 minutes and over	25	10	15	15	0	10	58,350	28,905	29,445	10	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	265	115	145	95	45	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	165	85	75
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	0	0	15	10	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	20	10	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	35	20	10	10	0	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	20	10	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	65	30	30	40	25	15	166,695	79,410	87,280	55	35	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	15	40	15	10	0	149,185	68,865	80,320	40	15	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55	0	45	10	0	10	106,855	50,615	56,240	25	15	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	45	35	15	15	0	15	112,350	65,830	46,520	0	0	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	135	60	80	70	40	30	371,310	189,920	181,390	110	60	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	5	20	15	10	109,065	56,315	52,750	25	10	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	120	50	65	55	25	25	262,245	133,605	128,640	85	45	40
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	90	40	50	45	25	25	264,905	135,505	129,395	85	45	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	15	10	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	25	10	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	10	5	5	67,535	34,945	32,590	15	10	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	30	45	30	20	15	182,020	92,755	89,270	65	40	30

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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