Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662478More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24663439More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24660448More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	861	...	...	559	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	416	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	459	...	...	325	...	...	976,966	...	...	229	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	430	...	...	301	...	...	910,359	...	...	206	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	19,261.7	...	...	448.8	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	21,554.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.04	...	...	1.25	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.02	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	860	465	395	560	290	270	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	415	220	195
0 to 14 years	145	80	65	20	10	15	309,765	158,545	151,225	35	20	10
0 to 4 years	50	25	20	5	0	5	99,195	50,760	48,435	15	5	5
5 to 9 years	50	30	25	10	5	5	106,985	54,660	52,320	15	10	5
10 to 14 years	40	20	20	10	5	5	103,590	53,120	50,470	5	0	0
15 to 64 years	605	330	275	240	120	120	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	355	185	175
15 to 19 years	30	15	20	5	0	5	97,525	49,340	48,180	5	5	0
20 to 24 years	55	20	30	10	5	0	140,025	70,895	69,125	35	20	15
25 to 29 years	65	35	30	10	5	5	165,525	83,630	81,895	105	50	60
30 to 34 years	75	35	40	10	0	5	157,725	78,995	78,730	90	50	45
35 to 39 years	80	55	30	15	5	10	149,265	74,115	75,155	40	25	20
40 to 44 years	70	40	25	15	15	5	142,365	70,920	71,445	30	15	10
45 to 49 years	55	30	30	25	10	10	125,505	62,690	62,815	15	5	5
50 to 54 years	65	40	20	35	15	20	121,710	61,735	59,975	10	5	5
55 to 59 years	65	35	25	55	30	25	125,465	63,810	61,655	15	10	10
60 to 64 years	50	25	25	60	35	25	118,065	57,920	60,140	10	5	0
65 years and over	115	55	60	300	165	140	351,325	151,210	200,120	25	15	10
65 to 69 years	30	15	20	95	45	55	99,325	46,730	52,595	15	10	5
70 to 74 years	30	20	5	105	55	45	86,030	39,185	46,845	5	5	5
75 to 79 years	15	5	10	60	35	20	63,215	27,320	35,895	0	0	0
80 to 84 years	15	5	10	25	20	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	0	0	0
85 years and over	25	10	15	20	10	10	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	5	5	5	15	5	10	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	15	5	10	5	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.2	16.5	3.6	3.4	5.6	15.5	16.1	14.8	8.4	9.1	5.1
15 to 64 years	70.3	71.0	69.6	42.9	41.4	44.4	67.0	68.5	65.6	85.5	84.1	89.7
65 years and over	13.4	11.8	15.2	53.6	56.9	51.9	17.5	15.4	19.6	6.0	6.8	5.1
85 years and over	2.9	2.2	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.7	2.8	1.9	3.6	1.2	0.0	2.6
Average age of the population	40.0	39.7	40.3	61.2	63.0	59.4	41.0	39.8	42.1	33.9	34.4	33.4
Median age of the population	39.2	39.6	37.6	66.0	66.0	65.5	39.6	38.4	40.4	31.0	31.8	30.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	430	...	...	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
Single-detached house	5	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	405	...	...	5	...	...	479,885	...	...	205	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	295	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	430	...	...	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	205	...	...
1 person	250	...	...	80	...	...	367,400	...	...	75	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	190	...	...	271,730	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	20	...	...	118,205	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	10	...	...	98,205	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	0	...	...	54,820	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	805	445	360	560	290	270	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	405	210	195
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	720	385	335	535	280	255	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	385	200	185
Married or living common-law	300	160	135	405	215	195	822,440	414,330	408,115	175	90	90
Married	250	140	115	275	150	130	577,060	289,455	287,600	30	15	15
Living common-law	45	20	25	130	70	60	245,385	124,870	120,510	140	75	70
Living common law - Never married	35	20	20	65	35	30	207,040	104,785	102,250	135	70	70
Living common law - Separated	5	0	0	5	0	5	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	55	30	25	32,295	16,915	15,380	5	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	5	5	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	420	225	200	130	65	65	872,060	410,935	461,125	210	115	100
Not married and not living common law - Never married	280	150	130	60	30	30	627,845	333,150	294,700	175	95	80
Not married and not living common law - Separated	40	25	10	10	10	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	75	40	35	30	20	15	126,605	46,380	80,225	20	15	5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	30	5	20	20	5	15	82,815	16,590	66,225	5	5	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	155	...	...	215	...	...	495,445	...	...	95	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	185	...	...	251,075	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	20	...	...	107,265	...	...	5	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	5	...	...	93,300	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.3	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	150	...	...	210	...	...	495,445	...	...	95	...	...
Total couple families	115	...	...	200	...	...	395,645	...	...	85	...	...
Married couples	90	...	...	135	...	...	273,070	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	20	...	...	162,745	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	115	...	...	110,325	...	...	5	...	...
Common-law couples	20	...	...	65	...	...	122,570	...	...	75	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	5	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	60	...	...	77,700	...	...	65	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	10	...	...	99,805	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	30	...	...	5	...	...	80,530	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	805	440	360	560	290	270	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	405	210	195
Total - Persons in census families	475	230	250	465	245	225	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	225	115	110
Married spouses or common-law partners	235	115	120	405	210	190	791,280	398,495	392,785	175	90	85
Parents in one-parent families	40	10	25	10	5	5	99,805	19,275	80,525	5	0	5
Children⁶	210	110	100	45	25	25	541,905	284,935	256,965	40	30	15
In a two-parent family	155	85	70	40	20	20	392,250	205,155	187,095	35	20	15
In a one-parent family	50	25	25	10	5	5	149,655	79,785	69,865	10	5	0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	320	210	115	95	50	45	526,370	262,915	263,450	180	90	90
Living alone	250	165	85	85	45	40	367,395	175,660	191,740	75	40	35
Living with other relatives⁷	25	15	10	0	0	0	49,280	22,020	27,255	10	0	5
Living with non-relatives only	50	35	10	10	5	0	109,690	65,235	44,455	95	50	45
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	430	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	140	...	...	210	...	...	455,970	...	...	85	...	...
Couple-family households	105	...	...	200	...	...	370,250	...	...	80	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	25	...	...	194,165	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	175	...	...	176,085	...	...	60	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	10	...	...	85,720	...	...	5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	30	...	...	5	...	...	55,210	...	...	35	...	...
One-person households	250	...	...	85	...	...	367,395	...	...	75	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	660	365	295	535	285	255	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	370	190	180
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	630	350	280	535	280	250	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	365	185	180
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	28,400	30,600	72,000	100,000	51,600	37,600	39,600	36,000	41,200	41,600	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	630	350	280	535	280	250	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	365	185	180
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,400	26,600	28,800	58,400	74,000	42,800	34,000	35,200	32,800	36,000	36,000	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	515	285	230	510	265	235	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	355	180	175
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	21,000	23,800	17,600	64,500	92,000	44,000	31,000	35,200	27,000	35,600	36,800	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	470	260	205	310	175	140	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	320	165	160
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	22,200	24,000	18,800	51,600	68,500	47,200	32,800	36,000	29,600	36,400	36,800	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	590	330	260	390	205	190	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	315	155	160
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,900	9,500	10,700	14,500	15,200	14,100	10,800	9,600	12,000	7,150	7,150	7,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85	55	30	15	5	10	171,705	84,570	87,145	60	35	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,520	6,000	x	x	x	5,520	5,480	5,680	4,720	4,680	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	265	155	110	80	35	45	529,640	276,110	253,530	165	80	75
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,500	9,500	11,500	12,000	11,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	665	350	325	520	265	255	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	375	175	195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	615	315	295	515	265	245	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	375	175	195
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,400	36,800	34,000	155,500	204,000	103,000	53,250	60,050	46,760	42,000	44,800	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	615	315	295	515	265	245	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	375	175	195
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	31,600	30,400	104,400	133,000	73,500	42,520	46,280	38,960	36,200	38,000	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	480	240	245	500	260	245	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	375	175	195
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,500	35,600	25,600	149,000	200,000	95,000	48,960	57,350	40,640	34,000	36,400	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	435	210	225	280	155	120	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	335	160	170
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,800	24,600	131,000	154,000	104,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	34,200	35,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	565	290	280	370	190	180	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	325	155	175
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,480	11,400	13,700	14,300	14,700	13,900	12,040	10,900	13,040	9,160	9,800	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75	35	35	0	0	0	171,360	84,435	86,925	85	60	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	7,600	5,600	...	...	...	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,800	7,200	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	250	135	115	55	20	30	528,305	276,300	252,005	190	85	100
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	9,400	8,800	10,800	12,000	10,000	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,900	8,800	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	670	345	325	520	265	255	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	175	195
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	155	75	80	115	75	40	514,340	278,505	235,830	110	45	60
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	36,000	40,000	36,000	160,000	174,000	135,000	60,000	63,600	56,000	54,000	51,200	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	46,000	54,000	39,000	252,000	270,000	200,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	55,000	54,000	56,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	205	95	105	95	35	60	504,455	247,565	256,895	215	110	105
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	13,700	17,800	12,600	39,200	68,500	18,000	16,400	17,400	15,500	21,200	21,000	22,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	25,200	18,000	79,000	90,000	72,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	24,000	27,600	20,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	67.5	72.0	62.0	93.0	94.0	90.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	81.0	82.0	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.2	63.0	55.0	46.0	44.0	50.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	72.5	72.0	73.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	32.4	28.0	38.0	6.6	5.1	9.8	18.9	14.4	24.4	19.2	19.0	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.4	1.8	x	x	...	1.4	1.1	1.7	3.8	5.6	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	11.5	11.4	11.6	0.8	0.6	1.4	6.4	5.9	7.0	11.2	10.0	12.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	10.4	10.8	10.0	0.7	0.5	1.2	5.7	5.4	6.0	10.6	9.2	12.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	660	365	300	535	280	255	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	370	190	180
Without total income	30	10	20	5	0	5	65,020	32,205	32,820	0	0	0
With total income	630	355	275	530	280	250	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	360	180	180
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70	40	35	25	15	10	138,250	65,670	72,580	15	10	5
$10,000 to $19,999	120	65	55	45	20	25	200,450	93,060	107,390	30	20	15
$20,000 to $29,999	135	85	50	45	20	25	286,825	131,235	155,595	80	35	45
$30,000 to $39,999	120	65	55	45	10	30	215,455	102,705	112,755	55	25	25
$40,000 to $49,999	85	45	40	35	10	30	181,505	86,460	95,040	65	30	35
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	20	30	15	20	138,185	64,805	73,380	30	20	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	15	35	25	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	35	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	10	25	15	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	20	5	20
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	25	10	15	58,400	30,060	28,335	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	15	5	10	42,240	22,360	19,875	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	205	140	65	149,555	92,680	56,875	20	10	5
$100,000 to $149,999	5	5	0	60	40	25	90,980	53,275	37,705	15	10	5
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	150	100	45	58,575	39,405	19,170	5	5	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	660	365	300	535	280	255	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	370	190	180
Without after-tax income	30	10	20	5	0	5	64,605	32,005	32,605	0	0	0
With after-tax income	630	355	275	530	280	250	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	360	180	180
Under $10,000 (including loss)	70	40	35	40	15	25	144,275	67,955	76,320	15	5	5
$10,000 to $19,999	125	65	60	50	15	30	210,975	98,495	112,480	30	20	15
$20,000 to $29,999	155	100	55	45	20	30	334,395	155,845	178,545	90	40	50
$30,000 to $39,999	145	80	65	55	20	35	257,145	124,835	132,315	80	45	40
$40,000 to $49,999	75	35	35	35	15	25	204,980	97,805	107,175	50	30	20
$50,000 to $59,999	35	15	20	45	25	20	139,760	67,315	72,450	50	20	30
$60,000 to $69,999	15	0	10	35	20	20	93,705	46,700	47,005	20	5	10
$70,000 to $79,999	5	5	0	25	20	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	15	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	25	10	10	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	20	10	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	155	105	50	73,695	48,025	25,665	5	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	35	20	15	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	120	85	35	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	660	365	300	535	280	255	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	370	190	180
Without employment income	190	100	90	225	105	120	495,060	212,405	282,660	45	25	20
With employment income	470	265	210	310	175	135	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	325	165	160
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90	45	40	60	35	30	167,560	82,405	85,155	30	15	15
$5,000 to $9,999	65	30	30	25	10	10	111,575	52,975	58,595	30	10	15
$10,000 to $19,999	75	45	30	25	15	10	151,350	72,815	78,530	45	20	25
$20,000 to $29,999	65	35	35	15	10	10	116,030	56,295	59,730	45	15	30
$30,000 to $39,999	70	35	30	15	10	5	108,120	55,225	52,890	40	30	15
$40,000 to $49,999	40	25	15	10	5	5	104,250	51,950	52,300	30	20	15
$50,000 to $59,999	30	20	10	10	0	5	84,485	42,940	41,540	25	10	15
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	5	10	0	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	25	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	10	0	0	10	5	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	15	0	15
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	5	5	0	46,000	24,150	21,850	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	5	5	31,345	18,120	13,230	15	10	0
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	105	70	40	115,575	74,545	41,030	15	10	5
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	15	10	5	47,525	28,870	18,655	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	90	60	30	68,050	45,675	22,375	10	10	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	660	365	295	535	285	255	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	370	190	180
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	605	335	270	525	275	250	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	355	175	175
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,400	23,800	22,000	80,000	99,000	54,800	34,000	36,400	31,800	35,600	36,800	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	605	335	270	525	275	250	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	355	175	175
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	22,200	22,600	21,400	61,200	74,500	44,000	31,000	32,800	29,400	31,800	32,800	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	480	270	205	515	270	240	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	340	170	170
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	22,600	25,400	18,200	69,500	98,000	54,000	32,000	36,000	28,200	33,200	34,000	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	430	245	185	335	185	150	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	320	160	160
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,000	26,200	20,400	58,000	68,500	45,600	33,600	36,800	30,400	33,600	36,800	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	540	295	250	345	180	170	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	275	135	140
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,520	2,800	5,080	13,100	13,500	13,000	4,440	2,760	7,300	1,490	1,450	1,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	50	20	30	10	0	10	114,940	56,080	58,855	20	10	10
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,960	5,120	3,800	x	...	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	665	350	325	520	265	255	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	375	175	195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	595	300	295	515	265	245	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	375	175	195
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,300	32,000	24,400	158,500	186,000	129,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	36,400	39,600	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	595	300	295	515	265	245	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	375	175	195
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,200	28,000	22,200	108,000	126,000	88,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	30,800	34,000	28,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	255	230	515	265	245	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	360	175	190
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,900	31,400	21,800	150,000	178,000	120,000	49,080	57,750	40,560	35,400	38,400	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	395	210	185	310	175	135	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	335	160	170
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	34,000	23,000	128,000	133,000	122,000	48,720	55,750	41,240	34,400	37,600	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	515	240	280	345	170	175	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	305	135	165
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	6,900	8,200	12,680	12,900	12,400	8,250	6,740	9,510	2,500	2,760	2,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55	15	30	0	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	7,000	4,400	...	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	...	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	670	345	325	520	265	255	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	175	195
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	150	75	75	130	80	45	507,645	274,575	233,070	110	45	60
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	32,800	34,800	32,800	157,000	158,000	153,000	54,400	58,400	50,400	47,200	54,000	32,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	41,000	46,000	37,000	224,000	236,000	210,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	45,000	46,000	46,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	170	95	70	85	30	55	462,020	227,495	234,530	215	110	105
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,700	24,200	7,250	32,400	82,000	24,200	21,800	23,200	20,400	23,800	24,600	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	29,200	14,000	94,000	110,000	84,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	28,600	33,000	24,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	76.5	82.0	68.0	95.0	96.0	94.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	94.0	94.0	94.0
Employment income (%)	67.5	74.0	59.0	49.0	47.0	52.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	84.0	86.0	82.0
Government transfers (%)	23.4	17.2	31.6	5.3	4.4	6.8	12.8	8.6	18.2	5.6	5.4	5.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	x	...	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	x	x	...
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	430	...	...	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	172,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	123,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	250	...	...	85	...	...	367,395	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	38,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	27,200	...	...	85,000	...	...	34,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	180	...	...	215	...	...	542,960	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	182,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	137,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	445	...	...	310	...	...	910,360	...	...	210	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	260,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	43,000	...	...	174,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	260	...	...	100	...	...	367,255	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	176,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	44,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,800	...	...	122,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	190	...	...	210	...	...	543,100	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	304,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	200,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	430	...	...	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	205	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	5	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	40	...	...	5	...	...	57,720	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	0	...	...	40,595	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	40	...	...	5	...	...	41,545	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	42,630	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	75,485	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	15	...	...	67,695	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	60,495	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	45,830	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	35	...	...	220	...	...	270,265	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	85,635	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	56,205	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5	...	...	50	...	...	62,095	...	...	15	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	120	...	...	66,335	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	430	...	...	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	205	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	15	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	27,485	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	10	...	...	63,030	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	45	...	...	5	...	...	49,660	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50	...	...	5	...	...	48,815	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	35	...	...	5	...	...	51,055	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	50,890	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	5	...	...	85,490	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	75,625	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	65,530	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	45,065	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	25	...	...	185	...	...	197,490	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	78,870	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	30	...	...	45,905	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	115	...	...	72,715	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	160	...	...	215	...	...	501,830	...	...	95	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	182,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	138,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	2.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	175	...	...	179,195	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	182,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	136,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	30	...	...	208,260	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	238,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	182,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	3.5	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	10	...	...	95,875	...	...	5	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	x	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	x	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	300	195	105	95	50	45	477,085	240,895	236,195	170	90	85
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,800	27,600	28,600	106,000	121,000	89,000	34,400	34,800	34,000	36,400	34,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	25,600	25,200	27,200	76,500	83,000	65,500	31,200	31,200	31,200	31,800	30,400	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	165	...	...	205	...	...	501,905	...	...	100	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	306,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	202,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	175	...	...	179,455	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	312,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	208,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	20	...	...	208,375	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	380,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	220,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	0	...	...	95,455	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	...	...	...	67,100	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	310	185	125	110	40	65	476,520	240,280	236,245	170	80	90
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	28,000	36,500	168,000	210,000	140,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	42,400	42,000	43,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,600	25,000	31,600	118,000	144,000	100,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	36,400	35,000	37,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	800	440	360	560	290	270	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	400	205	190
0 to 17 years	155	85	75	30	10	15	365,020	186,710	178,315	35	20	15
0 to 5 years	60	35	25	5	0	5	120,615	61,615	58,995	15	10	5
18 to 64 years	570	320	250	230	120	120	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	345	175	170
65 years and over	70	40	30	300	165	135	317,425	140,270	177,155	25	10	10
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	280	170	115	50	25	30	321,885	154,370	167,510	40	30	15
0 to 17 years	60	30	30	5	0	5	54,265	27,870	26,395	5	5	0
0 to 5 years	25	15	10	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	190	120	70	30	15	15	197,020	99,310	97,710	35	20	10
65 years and over	35	20	15	20	5	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	34.8	37.6	31.6	9.2	7.6	11.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	10.0	13.0	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	35.0	34.0	38.0	16.0	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	38.0	36.0	40.0	x	...	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	34.0	38.0	29.0	12.0	12.0	14.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	9.5	11.0	7.0
65 years and over (%)	44.0	45.0	40.0	6.0	5.0	8.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	800	440	360	560	290	265	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	405	210	195
0 to 17 years	160	85	75	25	10	15	365,025	186,705	178,315	35	20	15
0 to 5 years	60	35	25	5	0	5	120,610	61,615	58,995	15	10	10
18 to 64 years	570	320	250	235	115	115	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	345	175	170
65 years and over	75	40	35	295	160	140	317,425	140,265	177,155	20	10	10
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	180	110	70	40	20	20	213,720	108,905	104,815	40	30	15
0 to 17 years	25	15	15	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	10	0	5	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	135	90	45	25	15	15	153,385	81,765	71,620	35	20	10
65 years and over	20	15	5	10	5	10	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	22.4	25.2	19.0	6.8	7.0	7.6	10.9	11.3	10.6	10.0	13.0	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	14.0	18.0	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	12.0	16.0	x	...	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	24.0	28.0	18.5	10.0	12.0	9.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	10.0	13.0	7.0
65 years and over (%)	28.0	32.0	20.0	4.5	3.0	6.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	800	440	360	560	290	270	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	405	205	190
In bottom half of the distribution	695	385	310	115	55	65	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	260	140	120
In bottom decile	240	145	95	40	20	20	298,540	147,890	150,655	60	40	20
In second decile	160	85	75	25	10	15	244,435	115,985	128,450	50	20	30
In third decile	150	90	65	15	5	10	240,895	116,550	124,345	50	30	25
In fourth decile	75	45	35	15	5	5	218,125	105,885	112,240	45	20	25
In fifth decile	70	30	40	15	5	10	194,765	95,185	99,580	50	25	25
In top half of the distribution	105	55	50	445	240	205	762,590	384,140	378,450	140	70	75
In sixth decile	50	25	20	15	10	10	172,200	85,100	87,095	25	5	20
In seventh decile	25	15	10	35	20	20	156,540	78,290	78,250	50	30	25
In eighth decile	10	5	10	45	25	20	144,120	72,600	71,525	30	15	10
In ninth decile	10	5	0	95	45	50	134,265	68,285	65,980	25	15	10
In top decile	10	5	5	255	145	110	155,465	79,870	75,595	15	10	5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	800	...	...	560	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	405	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.460	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.522	...	...	0.510	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.386	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...	0.414	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.243	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	7.7	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	860	465	400	560	295	265	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	415	220	195
English only	145	85	60	45	25	20	262,290	133,690	128,600	15	5	10
French only	260	130	125	50	20	30	486,845	221,005	265,840	65	40	25
English and French	420	230	190	465	245	215	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	330	175	155
Neither English nor French	35	20	15	0	0	0	45,860	18,340	27,520	10	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	860	465	400	560	295	265	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	415	220	195
English	195	110	85	170	95	80	605,220	303,380	301,835	60	30	35
French	520	275	250	370	190	185	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	340	180	155
English and French	110	55	50	20	10	5	173,785	88,480	85,300	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	35	20	15	0	0	0	44,430	17,640	26,790	10	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	860	465	400	560	295	265	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	415	220	195
Single responses	780	420	365	530	280	250	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	395	210	185
Official languages	410	210	200	445	235	205	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	340	185	155
English	90	45	45	110	65	40	322,315	162,085	160,230	40	20	20
French	315	165	155	335	165	165	870,975	428,435	442,540	300	160	135
Non-official languages	375	210	170	85	40	40	643,275	311,525	331,750	60	30	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	375	210	170	85	40	40	642,820	311,370	331,445	60	30	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	75	55	15	15	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	10	5	5
Berber languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	5	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	70	50	15	15	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	110	65	50	20	10	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	140	75	60	45	25	25	329,415	158,980	170,435	45	20	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	5	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	5	5	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	5	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	30	35	5	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	60	30	30	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	10	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	5	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	10	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	5	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	20	25	5	15	183,755	87,295	96,460	40	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	0	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	5	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	10	10	5
Romanian	5	5	0	5	5	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	10	0	10
Spanish	40	30	15	15	5	10	85,395	41,150	44,250	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	5	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	5	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	15	5	10	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	15	5	10	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	5	0	10	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	5	5	5	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	80	45	35	30	15	20	143,450	71,980	71,470	20	5	15
English and French	5	5	0	10	10	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	5	0	5	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	5	5	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	0	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	5	0	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	860	465	400	560	295	265	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	415	220	195
English	95	50	45	95	55	40	340,470	170,050	170,425	35	15	15
French	290	145	140	315	160	150	779,125	383,000	396,125	280	145	130
Non-official language	135	80	50	10	0	5	204,395	96,705	107,690	15	10	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	135	80	50	10	0	5	204,315	96,670	107,645	15	10	5
English and French	55	35	25	60	30	30	173,135	89,205	83,935	55	30	25
English and non-official language(s)	65	40	25	35	15	15	135,390	66,995	68,400	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	115	65	55	5	5	0	180,900	85,935	94,965	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	40	20	20	154,470	76,450	78,020	25	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	860	465	400	560	295	265	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	415	220	195
Single responses	765	410	355	530	275	250	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	405	215	195
Official languages	510	260	250	505	265	240	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	380	205	180
English	125	60	60	165	85	75	479,850	239,270	240,580	55	30	30
French	385	200	190	340	180	160	956,130	471,155	484,975	330	175	150
Non-official languages	260	150	105	20	10	10	370,290	177,955	192,335	25	10	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	150	105	20	10	10	370,125	177,895	192,235	25	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	50	25	5	5	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	5	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	40	25	5	5	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	5	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	60	40	25	5	5	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	5	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	65	50	10	5	5	188,550	90,370	98,185	15	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	15	5	10	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	25	25	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	55	25	30	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	5	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	5	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	10	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	5	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	5	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	30	10	5	5	5	95,835	44,515	51,315	10	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	30	25	10	5	5	5	54,335	26,035	28,300	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	10	0	5	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	10	0	5	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	10	0	5	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	90	55	40	35	15	20	173,745	85,640	88,110	10	5	5
English and French	25	15	10	15	5	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	10	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	5	5	5	39,365	19,140	20,225	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	5	5	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	860	465	400	560	290	270	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	415	220	195
None	570	310	260	445	235	210	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	325	170	155
English	75	40	30	30	15	15	131,630	67,290	64,340	35	20	15
French	75	40	30	30	15	15	126,780	62,180	64,600	20	5	10
Non-official language	70	35	35	20	10	15	144,335	69,210	75,130	15	10	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	70	35	35	20	10	15	144,155	69,135	75,015	15	10	5
English and French	20	5	15	0	0	0	34,410	17,320	17,090	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	5	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	5	10	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	5	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	830	440	390	555	280	270	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	385	190	200
Official languages	795	415	380	555	280	270	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	375	185	195
English	520	265	255	475	245	235	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	340	155	185
French	635	325	310	510	265	250	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	365	175	195
Non-official languages	530	290	235	145	65	80	971,455	471,755	499,700	65	10	50
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	530	290	235	145	65	80	970,710	471,495	499,220	65	10	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	110	60	45	25	20	217,295	113,605	103,690	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	100	60	45	25	20	205,120	107,210	97,905	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	160	100	60	45	25	20	188,115	98,545	89,565	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	0	30	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	30	0	25	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	250	135	110	70	30	40	514,485	250,190	264,295	65	10	50
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	35	20	15	10	0	10	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	10	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	10	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	50	65	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	110	50	65	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	15	25	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	50	20	30	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	75	35	50	20	30	324,695	154,360	170,340	65	10	50
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	15	107,285	51,300	55,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	10	10	0	10	31,125	15,545	15,585	40	10	25
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	90	55	30	35	15	20	193,835	91,345	102,490	20	0	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	95	55	40	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	20	15	10	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	45	15	25	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	45	15	25	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30	10	25	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	835	440	390	555	280	275	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	385	190	200
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	830	440	390	545	280	270	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	385	190	200
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	835	440	390	555	280	275	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	385	190	200
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	835	440	390	545	280	270	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	385	190	200
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	445	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
Owner	60	...	...	270	...	...	360,125	...	...	25	...	...
Renter	380	...	...	35	...	...	550,240	...	...	180	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	445	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
Condominium	60	...	...	305	...	...	192,985	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	380	...	...	0	...	...	717,375	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	445	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	230	...	...	50	...	...	267,715	...	...	115	...	...
2 bedrooms	125	...	...	195	...	...	303,875	...	...	55	...	...
3 bedrooms	40	...	...	45	...	...	220,945	...	...	35	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	98,090	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	445	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	370	...	...	105	...	...	501,570	...	...	115	...	...
5 rooms	40	...	...	70	...	...	166,230	...	...	45	...	...
6 rooms	20	...	...	90	...	...	78,495	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	30	...	...	58,850	...	...	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	15	...	...	105,210	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.4	...	...	5.1	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	445	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
One person or fewer per room	415	...	...	300	...	...	881,730	...	...	205	...	...
More than one person per room	25	...	...	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	445	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
Suitable	365	...	...	300	...	...	834,885	...	...	205	...	...
Not suitable	75	...	...	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	445	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
1960 or before	140	...	...	15	...	...	325,005	...	...	155	...	...
1961 to 1980	125	...	...	160	...	...	282,605	...	...	45	...	...
1981 to 1990	60	...	...	85	...	...	101,185	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	50	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	30	...	...	40	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	25	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	15	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	445	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	400	...	...	275	...	...	833,540	...	...	185	...	...
Major repairs needed	40	...	...	35	...	...	76,815	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	445	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
One-maintainer household	350	...	...	155	...	...	543,605	...	...	90	...	...
Two-maintainer household	80	...	...	150	...	...	333,140	...	...	90	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	0	...	...	33,620	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	445	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
15 to 24 years	30	...	...	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	100	...	...	0	...	...	162,375	...	...	135	...	...
35 to 44 years	85	...	...	30	...	...	171,535	...	...	20	...	...
45 to 54 years	90	...	...	30	...	...	155,520	...	...	20	...	...
55 to 64 years	60	...	...	55	...	...	156,865	...	...	0	...	...
65 to 74 years	55	...	...	125	...	...	122,825	...	...	15	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	50	...	...	70,345	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	15	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	430	...	...	305	...	...	902,485	...	...	205	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	305	...	...	215	...	...	686,075	...	...	190	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	130	...	...	90	...	...	216,410	...	...	20	...	...
30% to less than 100%	110	...	...	70	...	...	189,795	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	445	...	...	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	230	...	...	115	...	...	330,635	...	...	40	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	110	...	...	80	...	...	186,350	...	...	20	...	...
Not suitable only	65	...	...	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	25	...	...	20	...	...	50,745	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	10	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	215	...	...	190	...	...	579,720	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	415	...	...	285	...	...	875,865	...	...	205	...	...
In core need	85	...	...	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	330	...	...	285	...	...	787,925	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	60	...	...	270	...	...	360,120	...	...	30	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.7	...	...	29.6	...	...	60.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.3	...	...	31.5	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...	2,500	...	...	1,370	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	2,980	...	...	1,572	...	...	850	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	850,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	540,000	...	...	850,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	640,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	385	...	...	40	...	...	550,235	...	...	175	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.7	...	...	0.0	...	...	28.4	...	...	8.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.3	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	680	...	...	2,080	...	...	890	...	...	990	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	748	...	...	2,600	...	...	987	...	...	1,100	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	835	445	395	555	280	275	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	390	185	200
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	830	440	390	545	280	265	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	380	185	195
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	835	440	395	550	280	275	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	390	185	200
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	515	270	245	520	265	260	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	340	160	175
Canadian citizens aged under 18	115	70	50	25	10	15	322,965	164,980	157,985	15	10	0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	405	200	195	490	250	245	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	320	150	170
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	315	175	145	35	20	15	313,410	160,530	152,885	50	25	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	835	440	395	550	280	275	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	390	185	200
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	295	150	145	430	210	220	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	285	135	145
Immigrants⁸¹	415	210	210	110	60	50	652,730	313,955	338,770	65	35	35
Before 1980	10	0	0	35	25	10	108,265	50,530	57,735	20	10	10
1980 to 1990	20	15	0	25	10	10	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	55	30	25	15	0	10	106,810	50,520	56,290	10	0	0
2001 to 2010	65	35	35	10	10	0	154,780	74,520	80,255	0	0	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	265	120	140	20	10	10	213,175	104,225	108,950	30	15	15
2011 to 2015	100	50	50	15	10	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	10	0	0
2016 to 2021	160	70	85	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	20	10	10
Non-permanent residents⁸³	125	85	40	0	0	0	138,240	75,380	62,860	35	15	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	415	205	210	110	60	50	652,725	313,955	338,770	65	35	35
Under 5 years	25	15	10	0	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	0	0
5 to 14 years	65	30	35	20	10	10	103,285	51,965	51,320	10	0	10
15 to 24 years	55	20	35	40	20	15	118,475	53,035	65,440	10	10	0
25 to 44 years	225	120	110	35	20	10	326,320	158,620	167,700	40	15	25
45 years and over	40	20	25	20	10	10	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	415	205	210	110	60	50	652,725	313,955	338,770	65	35	35
Americas	55	25	30	10	10	0	137,955	63,465	74,485	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	25	10	15	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	15	10	0	40	25	15	158,795	76,610	82,190	45	25	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	20	15	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	25	15	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	25	10	15
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	15	15	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	220	105	115	10	10	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	0	0	0
Algeria	25	15	10	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	10	10	10	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	160	75	80	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	125	65	60	45	15	30	202,715	95,775	106,935	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	35	25	10	20	10	10	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	0	15	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	25	0	15	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	15	10	10	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	20	0	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	160	75	90	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	15	10	10
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	15	10	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	15	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	95	45	50	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	15	10	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	35	30	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	60	25	35	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	15	0	15	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	15	10	10	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	830	440	390	555	280	270	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	385	190	200
First generation¹⁰⁰	545	300	250	125	70	55	813,905	400,325	413,580	105	50	60
Second generation¹⁰¹	155	80	75	75	45	30	424,225	212,755	211,475	60	25	35
Third generation or more¹⁰²	125	65	70	360	165	195	721,230	352,590	368,630	215	110	105
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	405	200	205	70	30	40	544,455	263,425	281,040	45	20	25
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	160	85	75	70	30	40	303,105	155,090	148,020	35	20	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	65	45	20	35	20	15	151,015	87,200	63,815	20	20	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	85	35	55	35	10	25	152,090	67,890	84,205	20	0	20
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	130	70	65	0	0	0	146,645	59,645	87,000	0	0	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	105	50	55	0	0	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	10	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	405	200	205	70	30	40	544,455	263,425	281,040	45	20	25
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	35	30	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	10	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	10	0	15	10	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	25	15	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	10	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	300	145	155	55	25	30	387,815	184,015	203,795	10	0	10
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	835	440	390	555	280	275	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	385	190	200
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	570	295	275	85	35	45	737,510	363,785	373,725	40	20	25
South Asian	120	50	65	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	40	15	25	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	310	170	140	0	0	0	208,805	101,125	107,680	15	0	10
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	90	35	55	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	0	0	0
Latin American	50	35	15	0	0	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	10	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	260	140	120	470	240	230	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	350	170	175
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	835	440	390	550	280	270	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	385	185	200
Canadian	55	25	30	100	40	55	241,015	115,880	125,135	50	20	30
English	0	0	0	20	20	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	30	15	10
Irish	10	10	0	30	25	10	102,325	48,885	53,440	15	0	10
Scottish	0	0	0	35	15	20	61,620	29,560	32,065	15	15	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	50	35	15	200	115	80	336,880	169,710	167,170	135	75	60
German	0	0	0	25	15	10	40,360	19,305	21,050	20	10	15
Chinese	0	0	0	45	20	20	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	15	15	0	156,025	76,485	79,535	25	10	15
Indian (India)	15	0	15	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	10	0	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10	0	10	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	10	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	20	0	10	35	10	20	108,910	54,650	54,260	80	40	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	25	15	10	40	15	30	66,400	31,740	34,655	20	15	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	10	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	15	10	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	45	15	30
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	20	0	15
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	55	25	35	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	10	10	0	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	15	10	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	10	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	20	15	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	35	15	20	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	10	10	10	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	15	10	10	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	10	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	30	20	10	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	0	10	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	35	15	20	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	30	15	15	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	20	0	10	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	10	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	50	20	30	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	15	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	35	15	20	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	835	440	390	555	280	275	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	385	190	200
Buddhist	0	0	0	10	10	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	405	210	190	365	160	200	969,945	451,410	518,540	125	60	65
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	90	45	45	55	20	35	116,635	55,545	61,090	25	15	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	10	10	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	220	125	95	275	125	150	675,695	314,690	361,010	105	45	60
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	15	10	10	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	15	10	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	25	10	20	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	30	15	15	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	15	10	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	275	160	120	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	105	50	60	155	90	65	590,140	310,985	279,165	245	125	115
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	820	430	385	550	280	275	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	380	185	200
Non-movers	680	360	315	505	255	250	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	265	120	145
Movers	140	75	70	50	30	25	255,365	129,500	125,865	115	55	55
Non-migrants	115	60	50	40	20	25	186,805	94,745	92,055	90	45	45
Migrants	20	10	15	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	25	10	15
Internal migrants	15	10	10	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	25	10	15
Intraprovincial migrants	10	10	10	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	15	10	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	10	0	0
External migrants	10	0	10	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	760	405	355	550	280	265	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	375	180	195
Non-movers	335	185	155	330	175	160	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	115	55	60
Movers	420	220	205	220	110	110	821,475	413,250	408,230	265	125	140
Non-migrants	175	65	105	120	55	65	433,700	216,030	217,670	140	65	75
Migrants	255	150	100	100	55	45	387,770	197,215	190,560	125	60	65
Internal migrants	45	25	20	60	30	30	190,035	93,955	96,075	75	35	35
Intraprovincial migrants	45	25	20	45	25	25	159,710	78,770	80,940	60	30	35
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	15	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	10	10	0
External migrants	210	130	80	35	20	15	197,735	103,260	94,485	55	25	30
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	665	345	325	520	265	255	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	175	195
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	210	115	90	15	15	0	274,820	136,500	138,320	20	10	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	460	235	230	510	255	255	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	350	170	185
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	485	260	220	205	100	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	325	160	165
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	150	90	65	0	0	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	335	180	155	200	95	105	975,700	481,690	494,005	315	155	165
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	670	350	325	520	265	255	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	375	180	195
No certificate, diploma or degree	175	100	75	10	10	0	247,460	120,840	126,625	25	0	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	115	70	50	40	15	25	319,755	162,520	157,240	40	20	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	370	180	195	470	240	230	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	310	150	160
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	220	105	120	120	35	80	473,060	232,855	240,210	110	65	50
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65	30	35	20	15	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	20	15	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	10	25	15	0	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	15	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	15	10	15	15	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	125	55	65	65	20	45	260,845	122,345	138,495	85	40	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	20	15	30	0	25	66,045	28,760	37,285	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	155	75	75	355	200	150	609,855	291,355	318,505	200	80	120
Bachelor's degree	65	40	25	95	50	50	344,605	160,320	184,285	80	30	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	20	15	40	20	20	58,945	27,280	31,665	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	60	35	20	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	45	20	25	135	80	50	159,510	78,325	81,190	95	40	55
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	25	10	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	485	265	220	200	95	110	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	320	155	160
No certificate, diploma or degree	130	85	45	0	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	75	45	35	0	0	0	162,205	88,420	73,785	30	15	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	275	135	135	195	95	100	831,975	403,420	428,555	285	140	150
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	65	75	40	15	25	333,160	167,260	165,895	95	60	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	20	30	10	10	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	25	20	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	0	30	0	0	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	15	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	10	10	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	35	35	30	0	25	174,185	84,745	89,445	65	30	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	10	10	0	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	135	75	65	155	80	75	498,815	236,155	262,665	195	85	115
Bachelor's degree	55	35	25	60	20	35	276,640	128,890	147,745	80	30	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	15	15	15	10	10	48,390	21,995	26,395	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	15	0	10	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	45	20	20	50	40	10	137,150	66,720	70,430	95	40	55
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	10	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	670	345	320	520	270	255	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	370	180	195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	300	170	130	50	30	25	567,220	283,355	283,860	60	30	30
Education	10	0	10	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0
13. Education	10	0	10	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	25	0	20	69,210	32,705	36,505	65	35	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	25	0	20	61,135	27,085	34,045	60	35	25
Humanities	15	15	0	15	0	15	78,920	30,815	48,110	30	10	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	10	10	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	15	25	105	40	70	157,220	58,185	99,040	55	25	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	20	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0	20	0	10	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	30	10	20	28,365	11,670	16,690	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	25	0	20	21,400	5,075	16,330	20	0	20
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	35	15	15	59,300	29,185	30,110	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	95	40	60	120	70	50	248,895	110,950	137,945	50	10	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	10	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	90	35	60	110	65	50	237,125	108,040	129,090	45	10	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	15	10	15	15	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	15	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	10	10	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	25	0	10	10	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	30	25	0	10	10	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	85	55	30	55	50	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	50	35	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	20	10	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	10	0	0
14. Engineering	55	30	25	35	30	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	20	15	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	70	10	55	95	50	50	122,295	30,795	91,495	25	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	55	0	55	70	30	35	109,185	24,140	85,045	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	25	20	10	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	10	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	480	265	220	200	95	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	320	160	160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	210	125	85	0	0	0	265,025	144,230	120,800	35	25	10
Education	10	0	10	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
13. Education	10	0	10	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	15	0	10	54,840	26,500	28,340	50	25	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	15	0	10	48,205	21,870	26,335	45	20	20
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	25	10	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	10	10	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	25	45	15	40	121,985	44,105	77,880	55	25	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	20	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	15	0	15	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	20	0	15
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	10	0	10	44,580	21,945	22,635	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	65	40	25	60	30	25	199,525	87,920	111,600	50	10	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	35	25	60	30	25	190,410	85,600	104,810	45	0	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	20	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	20	0	10	10	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	20	0	10	10	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	70	50	20	20	15	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	50	40	10
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	10	0	0
14. Engineering	45	25	20	10	10	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	20	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	55	10	45	30	15	15	92,595	23,265	69,330	25	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	45	0	45	25	15	10	82,410	18,370	64,045	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	10	0	10	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	480	265	220	200	95	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	320	160	160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	210	125	85	0	0	0	265,025	144,230	120,800	35	25	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	275	140	135	200	95	100	831,975	403,415	428,560	290	140	155
Location of study inside Canada	150	65	85	155	65	90	598,455	286,340	312,115	250	120	125
Same as province or territory of residence	145	60	85	145	65	85	566,540	270,160	296,380	230	110	120
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	0	10	31,915	16,180	15,735	20	10	10
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	125	75	55	45	30	10	233,520	117,075	116,445	40	20	20
Americas	20	15	10	0	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	15	10	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	10	20	20	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	40	20	20
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	10	10	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	40	20	20
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	10	10	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	55	35	20	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	10	0	10	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	30	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	35	15	20	15	0	10	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	0	10	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	15	10	10	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	670	350	325	520	265	255	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	375	180	195
In the labour force	435	250	185	245	125	115	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	305	150	160
Employed	330	170	160	235	125	110	971,245	502,885	468,360	280	140	140
Unemployed	105	80	25	10	0	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	25	10	15
Not in the labour force	230	95	135	275	140	135	568,495	246,215	322,280	65	30	35
Participation rate	64.9	71.4	56.9	47.1	47.2	45.1	65.5	69.5	61.8	81.3	83.3	82.1
Employment rate	49.3	48.6	49.2	45.2	47.2	43.1	58.9	62.3	55.6	74.7	77.8	71.8
Unemployment rate	24.1	32.0	13.5	4.1	0.0	8.7	10.2	10.4	10.0	8.2	6.7	9.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	670	345	320	520	270	255	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	370	180	195
Did not work¹⁸⁶	275	160	120	275	145	135	582,470	253,075	329,400	45	15	35
Worked	395	190	205	240	125	120	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	325	160	165
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	170	80	90	125	80	40	529,400	287,950	241,450	115	50	60
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	220	110	115	115	40	75	538,265	266,540	271,725	210	105	100
Average weeks worked in reference year	35.0	35.4	34.6	42.0	47.2	36.4	39.7	40.2	39.3	37.3	36.4	38.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	440	250	190	245	130	115	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	305	145	160
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	40	20	20	10	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	400	230	170	235	130	105	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	305	145	160
Employee	360	195	170	135	70	65	907,745	457,830	449,915	275	130	150
Permanent position	300	150	150	125	65	55	741,830	380,445	361,385	195	100	90
Temporary position	60	40	15	15	0	0	165,915	77,385	88,530	75	25	55
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	0	15	0	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	20	10	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	45	35	10	0	0	0	96,225	46,100	50,120	55	15	45
Self-employed¹⁹²	40	35	0	100	60	40	142,380	88,145	54,230	35	25	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	440	250	190	245	130	115	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	305	145	160
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	40	20	20	10	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	400	230	170	235	130	105	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	305	145	160
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	25	20	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	55	15	35	50	30	20	207,660	79,975	127,685	40	15	25
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	40	35	0	40	30	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	50	35	15
3 Health occupations	40	10	25	65	20	40	85,545	21,700	63,845	15	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	55	10	45	35	25	15	140,500	46,385	94,115	55	10	40
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	10	0	10	61,790	31,615	30,175	65	30	35
6 Sales and service occupations	100	70	35	15	0	15	263,055	135,300	127,750	55	30	20
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	70	60	0	0	0	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	20	20	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	15	15	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	10	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	30	10	20	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	440	250	190	245	130	115	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	305	145	160
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	40	20	20	10	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	400	230	170	235	130	105	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	305	145	160
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	40	30	10	10	0	10	86,535	58,295	28,235	15	10	10
41 Wholesale trade	15	15	0	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	30	15	10	0	0	0	111,555	56,180	55,375	20	15	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	65	50	15	0	0	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	35	15	20
52 Finance and insurance	10	10	0	10	10	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	20	0	60	50	15	130,405	75,750	54,655	65	35	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	35	15	15	10	0	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	10	0	0
61 Educational services	30	10	20	15	10	10	95,290	34,510	60,780	65	25	40
62 Health care and social assistance	70	10	55	65	25	40	142,545	36,095	106,450	20	0	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	15	10	10
72 Accommodation and food services	35	10	20	0	0	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	10	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	15	0	10	0	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	0	0	0
91 Public administration	20	0	10	10	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	10	0	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	455	240	210	250	130	120	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	330	160	170
English	95	55	45	35	15	20	201,310	110,165	91,150	45	20	20
French	175	90	85	75	35	40	416,430	206,170	210,265	165	70	90
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	150	85	65	125	75	50	473,485	249,700	223,785	125	70	55
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	10	0	10	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	455	240	210	250	130	120	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	330	160	170
Single responses	425	220	205	220	120	95	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	320	155	165
Official languages	425	220	205	215	120	95	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	320	155	165
English	145	75	65	75	45	30	361,715	194,885	166,835	75	25	50
French	285	150	135	140	70	65	645,885	327,180	318,705	245	130	110
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	20	0	30	10	25	126,180	65,940	60,240	15	10	10
English and French	25	20	0	30	10	20	116,535	60,925	55,605	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	455	240	210	250	130	120	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	330	160	170
None	290	160	130	140	60	80	743,180	381,875	361,305	220	100	125
English	85	50	40	65	45	20	219,885	116,455	103,430	80	55	20
French	40	20	20	45	30	15	149,470	78,495	70,975	30	0	25
Non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	335	170	160	235	125	110	971,245	502,885	468,360	280	140	140
Worked at home	75	40	30	75	40	35	298,820	151,335	147,485	115	55	60
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	25	20	0	0	0	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	30	15	15
Usual place of work	225	110	115	150	80	75	580,035	286,695	293,340	130	70	65
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	225	110	115	150	80	75	580,035	286,695	293,340	130	65	65
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	180	85	95	115	60	55	427,475	202,010	225,465	110	65	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	35	20	15	10	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	0	0	30	15	15	58,865	35,690	23,175	20	0	15
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	255	130	125	155	85	70	669,150	349,485	319,665	165	85	80
Car, truck or van	130	85	45	105	60	45	395,615	229,315	166,300	60	30	25
Car, truck or van - as a driver	120	80	40	105	60	45	365,770	218,475	147,295	50	25	25
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	100	45	55	30	20	0	177,860	74,605	103,260	40	20	15
Walked	20	0	20	10	0	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	30	0	20
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	30	20	10
Other method	0	0	0	15	0	15	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	255	130	125	155	85	70	669,150	349,485	319,665	165	85	80
Less than 15 minutes	35	10	25	35	30	10	125,240	61,185	64,055	25	10	15
15 to 29 minutes	80	50	35	70	30	40	241,005	129,590	111,420	65	35	30
30 to 44 minutes	50	25	25	25	10	15	176,925	96,710	80,215	55	30	20
45 to 59 minutes	50	25	25	20	15	10	67,635	33,110	34,530	15	0	15
60 minutes and over	35	20	15	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	10	10	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	255	130	125	155	85	70	669,150	349,485	319,665	165	85	80
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	15	15	15	15	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	0	0	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	70	35	35	65	35	25	166,695	79,410	87,280	40	20	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	40	10	25	35	15	15	149,185	68,865	80,320	55	20	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45	30	15	45	15	30	106,855	50,615	56,240	35	20	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	70	40	35	0	0	0	112,350	65,830	46,520	25	20	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	160	85	75	25	10	15	371,310	189,920	181,390	35	20	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	10	15	5	10	109,065	56,315	52,750	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145	75	70	15	10	10	262,245	133,605	128,640	30	15	15
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	105	55	55	20	10	10	264,905	135,505	129,395	25	15	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	15	5	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	5	0	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	10	5	10	5	5	67,535	34,945	32,590	0	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	5	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	90	45	45	5	5	0	182,020	92,755	89,270	20	15	5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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