Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662218More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660408More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24660435More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	535	...	...	577	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	623	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	333	...	...	230	...	...	976,966	...	...	294	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	318	...	...	219	...	...	910,359	...	...	281	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,649.8	...	...	20,388.7	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	17,162.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.20	...	...	0.03	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	535	285	255	575	270	305	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	625	300	320
0 to 14 years	55	30	25	110	50	55	309,765	158,545	151,225	120	60	55
0 to 4 years	15	5	5	35	15	20	99,195	50,760	48,435	55	30	25
5 to 9 years	25	15	10	35	15	15	106,985	54,660	52,320	45	25	20
10 to 14 years	20	10	10	40	20	20	103,590	53,120	50,470	20	15	10
15 to 64 years	390	205	185	380	190	190	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	445	215	235
15 to 19 years	25	10	10	50	20	25	97,525	49,340	48,180	10	0	5
20 to 24 years	20	10	15	30	15	15	140,025	70,895	69,125	35	15	15
25 to 29 years	55	25	25	40	15	20	165,525	83,630	81,895	70	40	30
30 to 34 years	45	25	20	25	20	10	157,725	78,995	78,730	75	25	45
35 to 39 years	40	15	25	40	20	25	149,265	74,115	75,155	90	40	50
40 to 44 years	45	25	20	25	10	20	142,365	70,920	71,445	60	30	35
45 to 49 years	45	25	20	55	25	30	125,505	62,690	62,815	30	20	15
50 to 54 years	30	20	10	50	25	20	121,710	61,735	59,975	15	5	10
55 to 59 years	40	20	25	30	15	15	125,465	63,810	61,655	35	20	15
60 to 64 years	35	20	15	35	20	15	118,065	57,920	60,140	25	10	10
65 years and over	85	45	45	90	30	55	351,325	151,210	200,120	55	25	35
65 to 69 years	40	20	20	25	10	15	99,325	46,730	52,595	25	10	10
70 to 74 years	25	15	15	20	5	15	86,030	39,185	46,845	10	5	10
75 to 79 years	5	5	5	20	10	10	63,215	27,320	35,895	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	5	0	5	10	0	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	15	10	5
85 years and over	10	5	5	10	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	10	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	0	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.3	10.5	9.8	19.1	18.5	18.0	15.5	16.1	14.8	19.2	20.0	17.2
15 to 64 years	72.9	71.9	72.5	66.1	70.4	62.3	67.0	68.5	65.6	71.2	71.7	73.4
65 years and over	15.9	15.8	17.6	15.7	11.1	18.0	17.5	15.4	19.6	8.8	8.3	10.9
85 years and over	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.7	0.0	1.6	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	42.6	42.6	42.6	39.3	38.8	39.8	41.0	39.8	42.1	35.3	34.8	35.7
Median age of the population	42.4	42.8	40.8	39.2	38.8	39.2	39.6	38.4	40.4	35.2	35.2	35.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	315	...	...	220	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Single-detached house	25	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	10	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	10	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	80	...	...	110,440	...	...	60	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	265	...	...	135	...	...	479,885	...	...	210	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	320	...	...	220	...	...	910,355	...	...	280	...	...
1 person	190	...	...	80	...	...	367,400	...	...	105	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	45	...	...	271,730	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	35	...	...	118,205	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	25	...	...	98,205	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	35	...	...	54,820	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	535	280	255	575	270	300	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	620	300	325
Average household size	1.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	475	250	225	470	225	245	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	505	240	265
Married or living common-law	185	90	90	215	110	100	822,440	414,330	408,115	285	135	150
Married	105	50	50	175	90	90	577,060	289,455	287,600	110	55	55
Living common-law	80	40	40	35	15	15	245,385	124,870	120,510	180	85	90
Living common law - Never married	70	35	35	20	15	10	207,040	104,785	102,250	160	75	85
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	0	5	5	5	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	15	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	295	160	135	255	120	140	872,060	410,935	461,125	220	100	115
Not married and not living common law - Never married	210	125	85	170	80	85	627,845	333,150	294,700	170	80	90
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	10	5	10	0	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	60	25	35	45	30	20	126,605	46,380	80,225	30	15	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	5	10	35	0	30	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	10	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	110	...	...	140	...	...	495,445	...	...	160	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	55	...	...	251,075	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	30	...	...	107,265	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	25	...	...	93,300	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	30	...	...	43,810	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.3	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	110	...	...	135	...	...	495,445	...	...	155	...	...
Total couple families	90	...	...	100	...	...	395,645	...	...	140	...	...
Married couples	50	...	...	85	...	...	273,070	...	...	55	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	65	...	...	162,745	...	...	45	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	15	...	...	110,325	...	...	10	...	...
Common-law couples	40	...	...	15	...	...	122,570	...	...	90	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	5	...	...	44,875	...	...	35	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	10	...	...	77,700	...	...	50	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	40	...	...	99,805	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	30	...	...	80,530	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	535	280	255	575	275	300	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	620	295	320
Total - Persons in census families	305	145	160	455	215	245	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	450	220	235
Married spouses or common-law partners	175	85	90	200	100	100	791,280	398,495	392,785	285	140	150
Parents in one-parent families	20	0	20	35	5	35	99,805	19,275	80,525	15	5	10
Children⁶	100	50	50	220	105	115	541,905	284,935	256,965	155	80	75
In a two-parent family	70	35	35	165	80	85	392,250	205,155	187,095	130	70	65
In a one-parent family	35	20	20	55	30	30	149,655	79,785	69,865	20	10	10
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	230	140	95	120	60	60	526,370	262,915	263,450	170	75	90
Living alone	190	115	75	80	35	45	367,395	175,660	191,740	105	40	65
Living with other relatives⁷	25	15	10	30	15	15	49,280	22,020	27,255	5	5	0
Living with non-relatives only	15	5	5	5	5	5	109,690	65,235	44,455	55	30	25
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	320	...	...	220	...	...	910,360	...	...	285	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	110	...	...	100	...	...	455,970	...	...	150	...	...
Couple-family households	90	...	...	75	...	...	370,250	...	...	140	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	60	...	...	194,165	...	...	80	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	15	...	...	176,085	...	...	60	...	...
One-parent-family households	25	...	...	25	...	...	85,720	...	...	10	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	15	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	15	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	10	...	...	55,210	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	190	...	...	80	...	...	367,395	...	...	105	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	480	250	225	470	220	245	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	495	235	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	470	240	225	445	215	235	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	495	235	260
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	37,600	38,400	28,600	33,600	25,400	37,600	39,600	36,000	42,000	45,200	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	470	240	225	445	215	235	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	495	235	260
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,000	34,400	26,600	30,400	24,200	34,000	35,200	32,800	37,600	39,200	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	415	215	200	360	180	180	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	445	210	235
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	33,600	31,800	17,000	27,400	12,100	31,000	35,200	27,000	39,600	50,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	355	190	160	295	160	140	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	385	185	205
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,400	32,800	20,800	32,400	15,200	32,800	36,000	29,600	43,600	56,000	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	400	205	200	410	195	220	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	400	170	230
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	10,700	11,400	13,600	9,100	16,200	10,800	9,600	12,000	9,200	6,900	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80	40	30	75	40	35	171,705	84,570	87,145	70	25	45
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,520	6,000	5,800	6,500	5,520	5,480	5,680	4,760	4,520	4,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	195	110	85	190	95	95	529,640	276,110	253,530	145	75	70
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,700	8,000	9,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	460	235	225	490	230	255	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	435	210	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	450	230	220	470	230	245	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	430	210	225
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	46,400	41,600	30,200	33,600	27,200	53,250	60,050	46,760	58,000	59,600	56,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	450	230	220	470	230	245	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	430	210	225
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	37,200	35,200	27,700	29,800	25,800	42,520	46,280	38,960	47,000	46,800	46,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	385	185	200	375	200	175	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	400	190	215
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,400	34,400	21,800	27,400	15,500	48,960	57,350	40,640	53,200	58,000	48,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	340	170	165	320	180	135	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	350	165	185
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,800	37,200	34,400	23,200	28,600	16,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	56,600	64,000	50,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	400	195	200	430	200	230	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	325	145	185
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,320	12,300	12,300	13,900	10,500	16,800	12,040	10,900	13,040	11,000	8,800	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65	25	40	90	50	40	171,360	84,435	86,925	55	15	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	7,600	4,800	7,600	5,800	9,600	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,000	7,000	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	205	115	95	230	120	110	528,305	276,300	252,005	155	75	80
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	8,400	10,600	8,100	8,600	7,800	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,400	6,800	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	465	240	225	485	230	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	210	225
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	65	60	105	70	35	514,340	278,505	235,830	195	110	90
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,200	40,000	58,800	37,200	48,400	x	60,000	63,600	56,000	80,000	79,500	81,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,000	58,000	62,000	37,000	44,000	24,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	79,500	75,000	84,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	170	75	90	170	90	85	504,455	247,565	256,895	135	45	80
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	16,400	16,600	15,000	15,000	13,000	16,400	17,400	15,500	24,600	46,400	12,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	31,000	19,200	18,600	22,000	15,200	26,920	29,400	24,520	30,000	50,000	17,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.5	77.0	73.0	58.0	72.0	42.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	86.0	90.0	82.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.8	60.0	61.0	52.0	68.0	33.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	79.0	86.0	72.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.6	22.8	26.8	42.0	27.6	58.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	14.3	10.0	18.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	5.0	3.8	6.0	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.0	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	10.4	9.6	11.4	14.9	14.6	15.2	6.4	5.9	7.0	5.6	4.6	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.6	8.8	10.4	13.2	13.2	13.2	5.7	5.4	6.0	5.2	4.4	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	475	250	225	470	225	245	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	500	235	265
Without total income	10	5	0	20	10	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	5	0	0
With total income	465	245	225	450	215	230	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	490	230	260
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	10	50	15	30	138,250	65,670	72,580	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	50	25	30	60	25	35	200,450	93,060	107,390	60	20	35
$20,000 to $29,999	95	50	45	130	50	75	286,825	131,235	155,595	90	45	50
$30,000 to $39,999	65	35	25	85	40	45	215,455	102,705	112,755	55	25	30
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	25	55	40	15	181,505	86,460	95,040	45	15	30
$50,000 to $59,999	45	20	30	25	15	10	138,185	64,805	73,380	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	35	15	25	20	15	10	100,060	48,510	51,550	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	25	20	5	10	0	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	35	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	25	10	10	10	5	0	58,400	30,060	28,335	30	20	15
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	10	0	0	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	30	20	15
$100,000 and over	25	15	5	0	0	0	149,555	92,680	56,875	45	25	20
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	5	0	0	0	90,980	53,275	37,705	40	25	20
$150,000 and over	10	5	0	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	5	0	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	475	250	225	470	225	245	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	500	235	265
Without after-tax income	10	5	0	20	10	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	5	0	0
With after-tax income	465	245	225	450	215	230	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	490	230	260
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	15	50	15	30	144,275	67,955	76,320	30	15	20
$10,000 to $19,999	55	25	35	65	25	40	210,975	98,495	112,480	65	25	35
$20,000 to $29,999	105	60	50	150	60	90	334,395	155,845	178,545	105	55	50
$30,000 to $39,999	80	45	35	90	55	35	257,145	124,835	132,315	70	25	45
$40,000 to $49,999	55	25	35	45	30	10	204,980	97,805	107,175	50	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	50	20	30	25	15	10	139,760	67,315	72,450	50	30	20
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	15	5	5	93,705	46,700	47,005	45	20	30
$70,000 to $79,999	20	15	10	0	0	0	61,765	31,815	29,945	40	25	20
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	0	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	10	10	5
$100,000 and over	15	10	10	0	0	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	10	5	5
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	5	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	5	5	5
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	5	0	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	475	250	225	470	225	245	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	500	235	265
Without employment income	120	55	70	175	70	105	495,060	212,405	282,660	110	50	65
With employment income	350	195	160	295	160	135	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	390	185	200
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	20	25	50	15	30	167,560	82,405	85,155	35	15	20
$5,000 to $9,999	35	15	20	35	15	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	35	15	20
$10,000 to $19,999	40	25	15	65	30	35	151,350	72,815	78,530	45	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	35	20	20	30	15	15	116,030	56,295	59,730	45	20	25
$30,000 to $39,999	30	20	10	50	30	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	30	5	15
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	15	30	15	15	104,250	51,950	52,300	25	10	15
$50,000 to $59,999	30	20	15	20	20	5	84,485	42,940	41,540	30	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	25	10	20	15	10	0	66,190	35,045	31,145	30	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	0	0	0	52,585	28,500	24,080	35	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	5	5	0	46,000	24,150	21,850	30	15	15
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	0	0	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	25	15	10
$100,000 and over	20	10	10	0	0	0	115,575	74,545	41,030	35	20	10
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	0	0	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	20	10	5
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	0	0	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	10	10	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	480	250	225	470	220	245	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	495	235	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	460	240	220	425	210	220	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	480	230	255
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	35,600	35,600	24,800	28,200	23,200	34,000	36,400	31,800	37,600	38,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	460	240	220	425	210	220	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	480	230	255
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	31,200	31,600	24,000	26,400	22,800	31,000	32,800	29,400	33,600	34,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	410	210	200	355	185	170	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	435	205	230
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	31,600	22,600	28,000	19,400	32,000	36,000	28,200	37,200	44,800	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	185	160	295	165	130	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	380	185	195
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	31,600	26,800	31,800	25,200	33,600	36,800	30,400	41,200	46,000	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	345	160	185	380	175	205	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	380	165	215
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,480	2,340	4,400	5,200	2,600	9,800	4,440	2,760	7,300	3,120	1,780	4,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	20	10	45	25	15	114,940	56,080	58,855	60	30	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	x	x	4,560	4,720	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	7,250	5,520	8,900
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	460	235	225	490	230	255	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	435	210	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	445	225	220	425	210	220	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	425	205	220
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	45,200	36,800	28,300	31,000	25,800	50,000	57,050	43,280	51,000	56,000	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	445	225	220	425	210	220	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	425	205	220
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,600	37,600	31,200	26,200	28,000	24,400	39,800	43,800	35,920	42,200	45,600	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	395	190	205	350	190	165	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	395	190	205
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,800	33,200	24,900	29,400	19,800	49,080	57,750	40,560	48,600	56,000	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	340	170	170	300	175	120	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	350	170	175
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,800	42,000	33,200	27,800	30,600	23,200	48,720	55,750	41,240	51,400	59,600	43,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	330	155	180	400	180	220	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	320	140	175
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,200	7,750	8,240	5,000	10,900	8,250	6,740	9,510	6,900	4,800	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	0	0	30	20	15	114,595	55,675	58,915	45	20	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	...	...	4,800	6,000	3,600	7,510	5,990	8,940	9,200	6,000	12,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	465	240	225	485	230	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	210	225
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	55	60	95	70	30	507,645	274,575	233,070	190	105	85
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	52,400	46,800	38,000	44,400	x	54,400	58,400	50,400	71,500	71,500	72,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,000	62,000	52,000	39,000	42,000	30,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	69,000	69,000	69,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	170	75	95	150	80	75	462,020	227,495	234,530	130	50	80
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	26,200	17,800	26,600	29,600	25,400	21,800	23,200	20,400	24,800	59,600	14,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,000	38,000	24,000	25,200	27,000	23,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	34,500	58,000	20,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	88.0	84.0	72.5	86.0	58.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	90.0	94.0	86.0
Employment income (%)	69.5	70.0	69.0	69.0	84.0	50.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	83.0	90.0	76.0
Government transfers (%)	14.3	12.4	16.8	27.2	14.0	42.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	10.2	6.0	14.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	x	x	1.2	1.6	0.8	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.8	1.2	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	320	...	...	220	...	...	910,355	...	...	280	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	58,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	52,800	...	...	58,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	190	...	...	80	...	...	367,395	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	29,200	...	...	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...	27,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	130	...	...	140	...	...	542,960	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	71,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	63,200	...	...	74,100	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	60	...	...	367,255	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	30,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	50,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	28,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	41,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	145	...	...	543,100	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	315	...	...	220	...	...	910,355	...	...	280	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	57,720	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	41,160	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	41,545	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	75,485	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	67,695	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	60,495	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	54,055	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	45,830	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	40	...	...	270,265	...	...	115	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	85,635	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	56,205	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	62,095	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	0	...	...	66,335	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	315	...	...	220	...	...	910,355	...	...	280	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	27,485	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	63,030	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	49,660	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	48,815	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	51,055	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	47,120	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	85,490	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	75,625	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	65,530	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	45,065	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	45	...	...	25	...	...	197,490	...	...	80	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	78,870	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	45,905	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	5	...	...	72,715	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	125	...	...	140	...	...	501,830	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	77,500	...	...	94,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.6	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	20	...	...	179,195	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	60,400	...	...	75,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	75	...	...	208,260	...	...	80	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	79,500	...	...	102,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	4.5	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	35	...	...	95,875	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	70,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	62,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	205	125	85	90	45	45	477,085	240,895	236,195	160	70	90
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	35,600	35,200	29,200	39,600	25,200	34,400	34,800	34,000	32,800	32,800	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	31,600	32,800	27,800	35,200	24,200	31,200	31,200	31,200	29,800	29,800	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	125	...	...	145	...	...	501,905	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	0	...	...	179,455	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	...	...	...	116,700	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	x	...	...	91,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	90	...	...	208,375	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	175,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	136,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	25	...	...	95,455	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	60,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	56,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	185	115	75	75	35	40	476,520	240,280	236,245	180	85	95
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	38,500	46,000	30,000	28,000	32,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	47,200	45,000	49,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	33,500	39,000	27,000	26,000	30,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	40,000	38,000	41,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	535	280	255	575	275	305	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	615	295	320
0 to 17 years	70	40	35	140	65	80	365,020	186,710	178,315	125	65	60
0 to 5 years	20	15	5	45	20	25	120,615	61,615	58,995	65	35	30
18 to 64 years	375	195	175	350	180	170	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	435	205	230
65 years and over	85	45	45	90	35	55	317,425	140,270	177,155	55	25	30
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	100	55	40	100	40	60	321,885	154,370	167,510	80	40	40
0 to 17 years	5	5	5	20	5	15	54,265	27,870	26,395	10	5	10
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	5	0	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	65	35	25	50	25	30	197,020	99,310	97,710	55	30	25
65 years and over	30	15	15	30	10	20	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.4	20.0	16.5	17.6	14.8	20.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	13.0	13.6	12.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	10.0	x	14.0	12.0	16.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	10.0	10.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	12.0	x	20.0	15.6	15.5	15.6	10.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	17.5	19.0	15.0	15.2	14.0	16.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	12.8	14.0	12.0
65 years and over (%)	30.0	32.0	28.0	32.0	25.0	36.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	20.0	25.0	20.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	535	280	255	575	275	300	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	620	295	320
0 to 17 years	75	35	35	140	60	75	365,025	186,705	178,315	125	65	60
0 to 5 years	20	15	10	45	20	25	120,610	61,615	58,995	65	30	35
18 to 64 years	375	195	175	345	175	170	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	435	205	225
65 years and over	90	45	40	85	30	55	317,425	140,265	177,155	60	25	35
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	55	35	20	45	25	20	213,720	108,905	104,815	70	35	35
0 to 17 years	5	0	0	5	0	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	35	25	15	20	15	10	153,385	81,765	71,620	50	25	25
65 years and over	15	5	5	20	5	10	30,745	11,975	18,775	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.8	12.0	9.0	7.6	8.0	7.2	10.9	11.3	10.6	11.2	12.0	11.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	6.0	8.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	12.0	8.0	6.4	8.0	5.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	12.0	13.0	11.0
65 years and over (%)	16.0	16.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	18.0	16.0	20.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	535	285	255	575	270	305	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	620	295	320
In bottom half of the distribution	335	175	160	460	220	240	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	315	145	175
In bottom decile	75	45	30	75	35	40	298,540	147,890	150,655	95	45	45
In second decile	85	45	35	100	40	55	244,435	115,985	128,450	55	25	30
In third decile	75	35	40	135	65	65	240,895	116,550	124,345	50	20	30
In fourth decile	55	30	30	100	55	45	218,125	105,885	112,240	75	35	40
In fifth decile	45	25	20	60	25	35	194,765	95,185	99,580	50	15	25
In top half of the distribution	195	100	95	115	55	60	762,590	384,140	378,450	295	150	150
In sixth decile	40	25	15	60	30	30	172,200	85,100	87,095	85	40	40
In seventh decile	50	30	20	25	10	20	156,540	78,290	78,250	35	20	15
In eighth decile	45	20	20	20	10	0	144,120	72,600	71,525	95	50	45
In ninth decile	35	15	20	0	0	0	134,265	68,285	65,980	65	25	35
In top decile	35	15	20	0	0	0	155,465	79,870	75,595	25	10	15
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	535	...	...	575	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	620	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.384	...	...	0.211	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.285	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.522	...	...	0.388	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.330	...	...	0.190	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.255	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	2.4	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	530	280	255	575	275	300	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	615	295	320
English only	80	45	30	55	35	20	262,290	133,690	128,600	5	5	5
French only	70	35	35	255	120	140	486,845	221,005	265,840	185	90	100
English and French	380	200	185	220	105	110	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	410	200	210
Neither English nor French	10	0	5	45	15	30	45,860	18,340	27,520	15	10	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	530	280	255	575	275	300	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	615	295	320
English	200	110	90	85	55	40	605,220	303,380	301,835	40	15	25
French	275	145	130	365	165	195	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	530	255	275
English and French	50	25	25	80	35	40	173,785	88,480	85,300	40	25	15
Neither English nor French	10	0	5	45	15	30	44,430	17,640	26,790	15	10	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	530	280	255	575	275	300	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	615	295	320
Single responses	495	260	240	495	230	265	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	580	280	305
Official languages	360	190	170	145	65	80	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	455	210	245
English	125	65	65	20	10	15	322,315	162,085	160,230	20	5	10
French	235	120	110	125	55	70	870,975	428,435	442,540	435	205	235
Non-official languages	140	70	70	350	165	180	643,275	311,525	331,750	125	65	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	70	70	350	165	180	642,820	311,370	331,445	125	65	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	25	15	10	129,195	68,395	60,805	25	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	5	0	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	5	0	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	25	15	10	112,200	59,320	52,880	20	15	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	10	25	15	10	107,605	56,960	50,645	20	15	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	80	40	45	24,640	11,340	13,300	15	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	65	30	35	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	20	5	10	19,905	9,185	10,725	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	5	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	35	30	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	50	25	25	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	25	15	15	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	50	40	100	45	55	329,415	158,980	170,435	65	30	30
Albanian	5	5	5	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	20	20	0	0	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	5	5	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	35	10	20	68,600	36,145	32,455	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35	10	20	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	35	10	20	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	65	30	35	183,755	87,295	96,460	55	30	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	30	15	10	63,560	29,680	33,880	10	10	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	0	10	19,465	9,245	10,215	5	5	5
Romanian	5	5	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	20	5	10	25	10	15	85,395	41,150	44,250	40	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	5	5	5	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	5	10	15	10	5	57,075	26,030	31,035	15	10	5
Chinese languages	20	5	10	15	10	5	56,890	25,955	30,935	15	10	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	5	5	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15	10	5	15,185	6,995	8,195	10	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	20	10	5	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	20	10	5	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	25	15	80	40	35	143,450	71,980	71,470	40	20	20
English and French	15	10	5	10	10	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	15	10	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	50	25	25	47,185	23,615	23,570	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	10	5	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	530	280	255	575	275	300	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	615	295	320
English	140	70	65	25	10	15	340,470	170,050	170,425	10	5	5
French	185	90	95	125	65	65	779,125	383,000	396,125	410	185	220
Non-official language	35	15	15	125	55	75	204,395	96,705	107,690	45	25	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	15	125	55	75	204,315	96,670	107,645	45	25	15
English and French	55	35	20	20	10	10	173,135	89,205	83,935	55	30	25
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	15	30	15	15	135,390	66,995	68,400	10	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	170	80	90	180,900	85,935	94,965	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	20	70	40	35	154,470	76,450	78,020	30	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	5	0	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	530	280	255	575	275	300	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	615	295	320
Single responses	490	260	230	485	230	250	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	565	275	295
Official languages	410	215	195	240	115	120	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	500	235	265
English	180	100	80	40	20	20	479,850	239,270	240,580	25	10	10
French	230	120	110	195	95	100	956,130	471,155	484,975	475	220	250
Non-official languages	80	40	35	240	110	130	370,290	177,955	192,335	65	40	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	40	35	240	110	130	370,125	177,895	192,235	65	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	20	10	10	66,095	34,080	32,015	15	15	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	15	5	10	58,585	30,100	28,490	15	15	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	15	5	10	56,520	29,075	27,445	15	15	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	65	30	40	17,355	8,030	9,325	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	55	25	30	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15	5	10	14,425	6,710	7,720	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	10	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	25	15	10	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	20	20	65	30	35	188,550	90,370	98,185	30	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	25	10	10	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	25	10	10	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	45	20	25	95,835	44,515	51,315	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	15	5	10	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	5	5	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	5	20	10	10	54,335	26,035	28,300	15	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	5	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	20	10	5	43,570	20,275	23,295	10	5	0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	20	10	5	43,475	20,230	23,240	10	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	5	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15	10	5	10,470	4,815	5,655	10	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	5	5	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	15	5	5	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	25	20	95	40	50	173,745	85,640	88,110	45	25	25
English and French	10	5	0	20	10	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	10	5	5	39,365	19,140	20,225	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	60	25	30	57,355	27,790	29,565	25	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	10	5	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	535	280	255	575	275	300	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	620	300	325
None	390	195	195	360	160	195	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	495	240	260
English	35	20	15	30	20	15	131,630	67,290	64,340	45	25	20
French	40	25	15	70	40	35	126,780	62,180	64,600	25	10	15
Non-official language	25	20	10	70	30	35	144,335	69,210	75,130	30	15	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	10	70	30	35	144,155	69,135	75,015	30	15	15
English and French	15	5	5	30	15	15	34,410	17,320	17,090	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	10	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	10	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	5	0	0	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	5	5	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	515	255	255	625	300	325	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	550	270	280
Official languages	490	250	240	580	295	290	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	530	265	270
English	445	235	210	305	175	130	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	390	205	185
French	390	190	205	510	240	265	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	525	255	270
Non-official languages	195	105	95	545	270	275	971,455	471,755	499,700	185	95	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	195	105	95	545	270	275	970,710	471,495	499,220	185	95	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	25	0	115	65	55	217,295	113,605	103,690	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	25	0	115	65	55	205,120	107,210	97,905	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	30	25	0	115	65	55	188,115	98,545	89,565	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	130	55	75	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	120	55	65	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	30	10	20	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	75	35	40	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	75	35	40	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	45	25	20	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	45	25	20	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	50	45	130	60	70	514,485	250,190	264,295	140	75	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	20	10	10
German	10	10	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	20	10	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	75	40	40	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	65	30	40	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	30	20	50	20	30	324,695	154,360	170,340	115	60	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	0	15	15	0	107,285	51,300	55,985	25	15	15
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	0	10	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15	30	15	15	193,835	91,345	102,490	85	40	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	15	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	10	0	0
Chinese languages	35	15	15	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	10	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	10	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	10	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	510	255	255	625	300	320	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	550	270	280
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	505	250	255	625	300	320	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	545	270	275
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	510	255	255	625	300	320	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	550	270	280
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	510	255	255	625	300	320	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	550	270	280
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Owner	45	...	...	70	...	...	360,125	...	...	120	...	...
Renter	255	...	...	130	...	...	550,240	...	...	150	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	0	...	...	192,985	...	...	75	...	...
Not condominium	285	...	...	205	...	...	717,375	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	150	...	...	55	...	...	267,715	...	...	95	...	...
2 bedrooms	95	...	...	10	...	...	303,875	...	...	100	...	...
3 bedrooms	20	...	...	105	...	...	220,945	...	...	45	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...	30	...	...	98,090	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	235	...	...	75	...	...	501,570	...	...	165	...	...
5 rooms	15	...	...	80	...	...	166,230	...	...	35	...	...
6 rooms	0	...	...	25	...	...	78,495	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	15	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	25	...	...	20	...	...	105,210	...	...	35	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.0	...	...	4.9	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
One person or fewer per room	290	...	...	190	...	...	881,730	...	...	270	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	10	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Suitable	260	...	...	175	...	...	834,885	...	...	245	...	...
Not suitable	40	...	...	30	...	...	75,475	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
1960 or before	155	...	...	45	...	...	325,005	...	...	140	...	...
1961 to 1980	105	...	...	130	...	...	282,605	...	...	40	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	10	...	...	101,185	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	10	...	...	63,765	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	20	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	20	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	10	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	280	...	...	185	...	...	833,540	...	...	260	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	25	...	...	76,815	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
One-maintainer household	200	...	...	120	...	...	543,605	...	...	140	...	...
Two-maintainer household	95	...	...	75	...	...	333,140	...	...	130	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	15	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	10	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	65	...	...	15	...	...	162,375	...	...	70	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	25	...	...	171,535	...	...	75	...	...
45 to 54 years	50	...	...	75	...	...	155,520	...	...	25	...	...
55 to 64 years	55	...	...	45	...	...	156,865	...	...	40	...	...
65 to 74 years	55	...	...	20	...	...	122,825	...	...	45	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	15	...	...	70,345	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	300	...	...	205	...	...	902,485	...	...	270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	220	...	...	170	...	...	686,075	...	...	210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	75	...	...	35	...	...	216,410	...	...	60	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70	...	...	35	...	...	189,795	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	295	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	70	...	...	330,635	...	...	90	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	70	...	...	25	...	...	186,350	...	...	60	...	...
Not suitable only	30	...	...	20	...	...	56,480	...	...	20	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	15	...	...	50,745	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	175	...	...	135	...	...	579,720	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	295	...	...	205	...	...	875,865	...	...	270	...	...
In core need	60	...	...	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	40	...	...
Not in core need	235	...	...	190	...	...	787,925	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40	...	...	75	...	...	360,120	...	...	120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	0.0	...	...	66.7	...	...	60.0	...	...	83.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	16.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	1,360	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,760	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,360	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,680	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	500,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	532,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	480,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	590,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	255	...	...	135	...	...	550,235	...	...	150	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.5	...	...	18.5	...	...	28.4	...	...	30.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	26.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	950	...	...	890	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	900	...	...	987	...	...	960	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	510	255	255	625	300	320	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	550	270	280
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	500	250	255	625	300	320	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	545	270	275
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	510	260	250	620	300	325	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	550	270	280
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	395	195	200	530	260	270	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	470	230	240
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45	20	30	170	80	85	322,965	164,980	157,985	110	60	50
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	350	180	170	365	180	185	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	360	170	190
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	115	60	50	95	40	50	313,410	160,530	152,885	80	40	40
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	510	260	250	620	300	325	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	550	270	280
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	340	160	175	240	120	120	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	380	180	195
Immigrants⁸¹	130	75	60	360	165	195	652,730	313,955	338,770	120	70	55
Before 1980	15	0	10	15	0	10	108,265	50,530	57,735	10	10	0
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	45	20	20	69,695	34,150	35,545	15	10	0
1991 to 2000	20	15	0	80	40	40	106,810	50,520	56,290	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	25	10	15	130	55	70	154,780	74,520	80,255	45	25	25
2011 to 2021⁸²	65	40	30	90	35	55	213,175	104,225	108,950	35	20	15
2011 to 2015	40	20	20	50	30	20	99,070	48,005	51,065	20	15	0
2016 to 2021	30	20	10	40	0	30	114,110	56,220	57,885	15	10	10
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40	20	20	20	20	0	138,240	75,380	62,860	55	25	30
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	130	75	60	365	165	195	652,725	313,955	338,770	120	65	55
Under 5 years	15	0	10	20	15	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	30	15	15	45	20	30	103,285	51,965	51,320	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	25	20	0	95	40	55	118,475	53,035	65,440	30	20	15
25 to 44 years	65	35	30	150	75	70	326,320	158,620	167,700	65	35	30
45 years and over	0	0	0	50	10	40	51,660	23,520	28,140	15	0	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	130	75	60	365	165	195	652,725	313,955	338,770	120	65	55
Americas	25	15	0	75	25	50	137,955	63,465	74,485	30	15	20
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	50	15	35	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	0	15	10	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	20	15	10
Europe	30	15	10	0	0	0	158,795	76,610	82,190	55	25	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	25	20	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	10	0	0
Africa	10	0	10	75	40	35	152,205	77,515	74,690	25	15	10
Algeria	0	0	0	30	15	15	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	15	15	0
Asia	65	40	30	210	100	105	202,715	95,775	106,935	10	10	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	25	15	10	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	15	10	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	15	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	35	15	20	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	35	20	15	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	15	0	85	25	55	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	30	20	10	40	10	30	114,110	56,220	57,885	15	10	10
Americas	0	0	0	20	10	10	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	15	10	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	15	0	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	20	15	0	20	0	20	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	15	0	15	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	510	255	255	625	300	325	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	550	270	280
First generation¹⁰⁰	195	95	95	385	180	205	813,905	400,325	413,580	175	90	90
Second generation¹⁰¹	100	45	55	210	110	105	424,225	212,755	211,475	80	45	35
Third generation or more¹⁰²	220	110	105	25	15	10	721,230	352,590	368,630	295	135	160
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	115	70	50	345	160	185	544,455	263,425	281,040	110	55	50
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	60	35	30	105	60	45	303,105	155,090	148,020	55	25	25
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	10	15	50	40	10	151,015	87,200	63,815	45	25	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	40	30	15	55	20	35	152,090	67,890	84,205	10	0	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	15	10	0	165	60	100	146,645	59,645	87,000	45	20	15
Refugees¹⁰⁸	35	25	15	60	35	30	85,165	44,145	41,025	10	10	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	20	0	15	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	115	70	50	345	160	185	544,455	263,425	281,040	110	55	50
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	10	50	20	25	53,655	28,340	25,310	10	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	20	10	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	30	15	20
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	10	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	90	55	30	275	125	150	387,815	184,015	203,795	50	30	25
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	510	255	255	625	300	325	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	550	270	280
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	155	75	80	530	265	265	737,510	363,785	373,725	85	40	45
South Asian	0	0	0	115	60	50	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	40	20	25	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	10	0	0
Black	20	0	20	130	65	65	208,805	101,125	107,680	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	115	60	55	151,890	79,375	72,515	25	10	15
Latin American	25	15	10	10	0	10	82,550	40,580	41,970	25	10	15
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	160	75	85	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	30	25	10	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	360	185	175	95	35	55	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	465	230	235
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	510	260	255	620	300	325	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	550	270	280
Canadian	65	45	20	20	10	15	241,015	115,880	125,135	100	60	35
English	25	0	20	10	0	10	59,710	30,025	29,685	20	0	10
Irish	70	30	40	0	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	30	0	25
Scottish	60	15	50	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	10	0	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	100	45	55	0	0	0	336,880	169,710	167,170	215	100	115
German	25	15	10	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	15	10	10
Chinese	30	10	15	10	0	10	74,630	34,410	40,220	10	0	0
Italian	45	30	15	15	10	0	156,025	76,485	79,535	45	25	20
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	10	0	10
Québécois	40	15	30	0	0	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	70	50	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	10	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	25	0	15	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	25	10	15
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	10	0	10
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	0	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	30	15	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	45	25	15	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	20	15	10
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	15	0	0	45	25	20	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	15	0	10	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	10	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	65	30	35	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	10	0	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	45	25	20	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	20	10	10	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	20	0	15	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	50	25	25	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	15	15	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	20	10	10	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	100	40	60	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	50	20	25	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	510	255	255	625	300	320	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	550	270	280
Buddhist	0	0	0	120	60	55	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	300	145	160	200	95	105	969,945	451,410	518,540	160	65	100
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	25	15	10	65	40	25	116,635	55,545	61,090	15	0	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	10	10	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	225	105	115	80	25	60	675,695	314,690	361,010	140	60	80
Christian Orthodox	30	15	15	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	35	20	20	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	20	10	15	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	25	25	0	225	105	120	233,440	121,145	112,290	25	10	15
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	170	80	85	55	35	25	590,140	310,985	279,165	360	185	170
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	505	260	245	615	300	315	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	545	270	275
Non-movers	425	225	205	560	275	285	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	445	225	220
Movers	80	30	45	55	25	30	255,365	129,500	125,865	95	45	50
Non-migrants	65	25	35	55	25	30	186,805	94,745	92,055	90	45	45
Migrants	15	0	0	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	10	0	0	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	495	255	240	585	280	300	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	515	250	260
Non-movers	260	130	130	380	195	195	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	260	120	145
Movers	230	125	110	200	95	105	821,475	413,250	408,230	255	140	115
Non-migrants	120	65	55	160	70	90	433,700	216,030	217,670	145	75	70
Migrants	110	55	55	35	25	10	387,770	197,215	190,560	105	65	45
Internal migrants	55	25	35	15	10	0	190,035	93,955	96,075	60	40	20
Intraprovincial migrants	55	25	35	15	10	0	159,710	78,770	80,940	60	40	20
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	55	30	25	25	15	10	197,735	103,260	94,485	45	25	20
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	465	240	225	485	230	255	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	210	225
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	35	25	265	105	160	274,820	136,500	138,320	35	15	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	400	195	200	225	125	100	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	395	195	200
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	320	175	145	330	170	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	350	180	170
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50	25	15	165	70	95	121,295	65,950	55,345	10	0	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	275	140	130	165	100	65	975,700	481,690	494,005	340	180	160
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	460	235	225	490	230	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	210	220
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	20	10	250	100	150	247,460	120,840	126,625	30	15	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	70	50	90	65	25	319,755	162,520	157,240	40	25	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	310	145	165	145	65	85	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	370	170	190
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	80	105	90	30	60	473,060	232,855	240,210	110	70	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	70	40	25	25	10	15	146,170	81,740	64,425	40	30	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	50	25	25	25	10	15	106,110	54,025	52,085	35	20	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	20	0	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	100	35	65	45	15	30	260,845	122,345	138,495	45	25	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	15	15	0	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	20	10	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	125	60	60	65	40	20	609,855	291,355	318,505	255	100	155
Bachelor's degree	90	40	45	45	30	20	344,605	160,320	184,285	115	40	75
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	10	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	15	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	15	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	0	15	0	0	0	159,510	78,325	81,190	85	40	50
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	40	20	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	320	175	150	330	175	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	345	180	165
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	20	0	155	75	85	102,815	55,805	47,015	10	0	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55	35	20	45	35	0	162,205	88,420	73,785	20	15	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	245	120	120	130	65	70	831,975	403,420	428,555	320	160	155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	140	65	75	80	25	50	333,160	167,260	165,895	80	65	20
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	55	30	30	20	0	20	110,390	60,690	49,700	30	25	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	15	30	20	0	20	81,090	40,585	40,505	15	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	30	40	40	20	25	174,185	84,745	89,445	35	25	10
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	10	0	10	48,580	21,830	26,755	20	15	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	100	55	50	55	40	15	498,815	236,155	262,665	235	95	135
Bachelor's degree	70	35	35	40	25	10	276,640	128,890	147,745	95	35	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	0	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	15	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	0	15	0	0	0	137,150	66,720	70,430	80	30	45
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	40	15	25
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	465	235	230	490	230	260	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	435	210	225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	155	100	60	345	165	175	567,220	283,355	283,860	70	35	30
Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
13. Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	15	0	0	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	15	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	0	0	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	15	0	15
Humanities	30	0	25	0	0	0	78,920	30,815	48,110	55	15	40
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15	0	15	25	20	0	157,220	58,185	99,040	60	20	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	20	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	20	15	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	20	10	15
Business, management and public administration	70	25	45	45	0	40	248,895	110,950	137,945	60	35	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	25	35	45	0	40	237,125	108,040	129,090	55	30	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	10	0	10	57,445	29,770	27,670	20	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	10	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	0	15	10	10	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	20	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	0	10	10	10	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	20	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	60	60	0	20	20	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	80	65	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	20	0	10	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	40	25	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	15	0	15
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	10	0	10
Health and related fields	35	20	10	20	0	20	122,295	30,795	91,495	25	10	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	15	10	20	0	20	109,185	24,140	85,045	25	10	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	45	20	25	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	0	25	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	320	170	145	330	170	160	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	350	180	170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	75	50	25	200	110	90	265,025	144,230	120,800	35	15	15
Education	0	0	0	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
13. Education	0	0	0	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	0	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	15	0	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	0	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	15	0	15
Humanities	20	10	10	0	0	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	45	20	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	0	0	20	20	0	121,985	44,105	77,880	45	10	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	15	15	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	15	0	10
Business, management and public administration	55	20	35	45	10	35	199,525	87,920	111,600	55	30	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	20	25	45	10	35	190,410	85,600	104,810	45	25	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	15	10	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	15	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	0	10	10	10	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	10	10	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	15	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	55	45	0	20	20	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	70	65	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	20	0	10	10	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	30	25	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	15	0	15
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	10	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	10	0	10
Health and related fields	25	15	10	15	0	15	92,595	23,265	69,330	20	10	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	10	0	15	0	15	82,410	18,370	64,045	20	10	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	45	20	25	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	0	25	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	320	170	145	330	170	160	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	350	180	170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75	50	25	200	110	90	265,025	144,230	120,800	35	15	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	240	120	120	130	60	65	831,975	403,415	428,560	315	165	150
Location of study inside Canada	160	85	80	95	40	55	598,455	286,340	312,115	225	125	100
Same as province or territory of residence	155	80	80	95	40	55	566,540	270,160	296,380	225	125	100
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	80	40	45	40	25	15	233,520	117,075	116,445	95	35	55
Americas	0	0	0	10	0	10	41,560	21,015	20,550	15	10	10
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	10	0	0
Europe	25	0	20	0	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	60	25	35
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	55	25	25
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	20	15	10	50,645	26,790	23,860	15	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10	10	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	45	30	15	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	15	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	460	235	225	490	230	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	210	220
In the labour force	305	155	145	285	160	125	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	340	165	180
Employed	280	140	140	230	145	85	971,245	502,885	468,360	330	160	170
Unemployed	20	15	10	50	10	40	110,395	58,460	51,935	10	0	0
Not in the labour force	160	85	80	205	70	135	568,495	246,215	322,280	95	45	50
Participation rate	66.3	66.0	64.4	58.2	69.6	48.1	65.5	69.5	61.8	78.2	78.6	81.8
Employment rate	60.9	59.6	62.2	46.9	63.0	32.7	58.9	62.3	55.6	75.9	76.2	77.3
Unemployment rate	6.6	9.7	6.9	17.5	6.3	32.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	2.9	0.0	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	465	235	230	490	230	260	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	430	210	225
Did not work¹⁸⁶	160	95	65	210	70	145	582,470	253,075	329,400	95	45	55
Worked	305	145	160	280	160	115	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	335	165	170
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	125	65	60	105	70	30	529,400	287,950	241,450	200	105	90
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	180	80	100	175	90	85	538,265	266,540	271,725	140	60	80
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.2	37.6	36.8	36.0	37.4	34.4	39.7	40.2	39.3	43.1	46.8	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	305	155	150	280	155	125	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	345	165	175
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	300	150	150	275	155	115	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	335	165	175
Employee	270	135	135	265	145	115	907,745	457,830	449,915	295	145	155
Permanent position	210	110	95	245	140	110	741,830	380,445	361,385	230	105	120
Temporary position	60	25	35	15	10	10	165,915	77,385	88,530	70	35	30
Fixed term (1 year or more)	30	10	15	0	0	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	45	20	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	10	20	10	0	10	96,225	46,100	50,120	25	15	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	15	15	10	10	0	142,380	88,145	54,230	40	25	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	305	155	150	280	155	125	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	345	165	175
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	300	150	150	275	155	115	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	335	165	175
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	15	45	10	0	0	207,660	79,975	127,685	55	25	30
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	30	0	10	10	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	80	65	10
3 Health occupations	20	15	0	25	0	25	85,545	21,700	63,845	10	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15	0	15	10	0	10	140,500	46,385	94,115	80	20	55
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	0	10	0	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	35	0	30
6 Sales and service occupations	90	40	50	130	75	55	263,055	135,300	127,750	50	20	30
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	40	10	25	25	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	20	20	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20	10	0	60	30	25	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	305	155	150	280	155	125	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	345	165	175
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	300	150	150	275	155	115	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	335	165	175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	10	10	0	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	40	30	0	55	35	20	86,535	58,295	28,235	10	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	15	0	15	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	45	15	30	50	25	20	111,555	56,180	55,375	20	0	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	20	10	15	15	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	20	0	20	0	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	20	0	20
52 Finance and insurance	15	10	10	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	25	20	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	10	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	15	15	0	0	0	130,405	75,750	54,655	80	45	35
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	0	0	25	20	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	0	0	0
61 Educational services	10	0	10	15	10	0	95,290	34,510	60,780	70	25	40
62 Health care and social assistance	30	10	20	25	10	15	142,545	36,095	106,450	30	10	25
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	10	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	10	35	20	15	59,510	32,125	27,380	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	25	10	15	25	0	15	43,990	17,935	26,050	10	0	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	20	10	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	325	160	165	295	170	125	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	340	165	175
English	75	55	20	40	30	0	201,310	110,165	91,150	20	10	10
French	90	35	55	125	65	65	416,430	206,170	210,265	200	100	100
Non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	10	0	10	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	155	65	85	105	75	30	473,485	249,700	223,785	105	50	55
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	0	10	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	325	160	165	295	170	125	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	340	165	175
Single responses	275	135	140	250	145	105	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	330	165	160
Official languages	275	135	140	240	145	100	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	330	165	160
English	115	75	40	65	50	15	361,715	194,885	166,835	40	20	20
French	155	60	95	180	95	85	645,885	327,180	318,705	290	150	140
Non-official languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10	0	10	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	30	30	45	30	15	126,180	65,940	60,240	10	0	10
English and French	50	25	30	30	30	0	116,535	60,925	55,605	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	0	15	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	325	160	165	295	170	125	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	340	165	175
None	215	115	100	210	120	90	743,180	381,875	361,305	235	110	125
English	70	30	40	50	25	20	219,885	116,455	103,430	75	40	35
French	40	15	20	35	20	15	149,470	78,495	70,975	15	10	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	280	140	140	235	150	85	971,245	502,885	468,360	335	165	170
Worked at home	65	25	40	20	10	15	298,820	151,335	147,485	160	75	90
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	15	10	0	20	15	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	15	10	0
Usual place of work	200	105	95	190	125	65	580,035	286,695	293,340	155	75	80
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	200	105	95	195	125	70	580,035	286,695	293,340	155	75	80
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	125	55	70	155	100	60	427,475	202,010	225,465	110	60	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	55	40	20	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	10	10	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	10	10	35	20	10	58,865	35,690	23,175	30	0	15
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	215	110	100	210	140	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	175	90	85
Car, truck or van	180	100	80	145	110	35	395,615	229,315	166,300	95	55	45
Car, truck or van - as a driver	160	100	65	130	100	35	365,770	218,475	147,295	95	55	45
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	0	15	10	10	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	25	0	25	50	20	25	177,860	74,605	103,260	50	20	30
Walked	0	0	0	10	0	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	20	10	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	10	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	215	110	100	210	140	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	175	90	85
Less than 15 minutes	50	25	20	40	30	10	125,240	61,185	64,055	30	20	10
15 to 29 minutes	110	60	50	45	30	15	241,005	129,590	111,420	60	30	35
30 to 44 minutes	45	25	25	70	50	20	176,925	96,710	80,215	40	20	20
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	0	25	10	15	67,635	33,110	34,530	35	15	15
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	35	20	20	58,350	28,905	29,445	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	215	110	100	210	140	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	175	90	85
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	10	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	20	20	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	35	20	15	50	35	15	95,270	56,280	38,990	20	15	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35	20	25	35	10	20	166,695	79,410	87,280	40	25	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	15	15	20	10	0	149,185	68,865	80,320	45	15	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55	20	35	30	25	0	106,855	50,615	56,240	35	10	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	45	25	15	70	50	20	112,350	65,830	46,520	15	0	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	75	40	35	145	65	80	371,310	189,920	181,390	130	65	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	0	35	20	20	109,065	56,315	52,750	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	35	30	110	50	60	262,245	133,605	128,640	120	65	60
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	60	30	25	105	45	55	264,905	135,505	129,395	70	35	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	5	25	10	10	82,880	42,755	40,130	5	0	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	25	10	15	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	30	25	75	35	40	182,020	92,755	89,270	65	35	30

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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