Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662213More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24663365More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	416	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	884	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	176	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	637	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	550	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,416.1	...	...	6.5	...	...	4,814.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.09	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.18	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	415	200	215	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	885	375	505
0 to 14 years	80	40	40	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	35	10	20
0 to 4 years	25	10	15	422,980	217,145	205,840	5	5	5
5 to 9 years	25	15	5	478,955	245,295	233,665	15	5	5
10 to 14 years	25	10	20	489,425	250,855	238,570	15	5	10
15 to 64 years	260	130	135	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	460	225	230
15 to 19 years	15	10	10	429,400	219,400	209,995	20	5	15
20 to 24 years	25	15	10	460,660	235,250	225,405	60	30	35
25 to 29 years	25	20	5	527,150	266,455	260,700	75	40	40
30 to 34 years	25	10	10	536,040	267,770	268,270	70	40	30
35 to 39 years	20	10	10	550,425	274,350	276,075	55	30	25
40 to 44 years	40	20	15	572,565	286,405	286,160	25	10	20
45 to 49 years	25	5	15	516,465	259,565	256,905	30	15	10
50 to 54 years	25	10	15	522,935	262,610	260,325	30	20	15
55 to 59 years	35	15	20	615,690	307,230	308,465	35	15	15
60 to 64 years	35	20	15	625,610	307,710	317,900	55	20	30
65 years and over	70	30	40	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	390	140	255
65 to 69 years	25	15	10	541,970	264,020	277,950	70	35	40
70 to 74 years	15	5	10	455,900	217,985	237,910	80	25	55
75 to 79 years	15	10	15	330,840	153,790	177,050	80	30	50
80 to 84 years	10	0	10	210,405	90,825	119,580	60	25	40
85 years and over	5	5	5	214,415	75,305	139,115	100	30	65
85 to 89 years	10	0	5	131,755	50,610	81,150	45	10	35
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	40	15	25
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	15	5	5
100 years and over	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.3	20.0	18.6	16.4	17.0	15.8	4.0	2.7	4.0
15 to 64 years	62.7	65.0	62.8	63.0	63.9	62.1	52.0	60.0	45.5
65 years and over	16.9	15.0	18.6	20.6	19.1	22.1	44.1	37.3	50.5
85 years and over	1.2	2.5	2.3	2.5	1.8	3.2	11.3	8.0	12.9
Average age of the population	41.2	39.8	42.4	42.8	41.8	43.7	54.9	51.9	57.1
Median age of the population	42.4	40.4	44.0	43.2	42.0	44.0	60.0	52.0	64.5
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	550	...	...
Single-detached house	50	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	5	...	...
Semi-detached house	30	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	98,625	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	50	...	...	271,245	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	65	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	465	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	550	...	...
1 person	45	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	290	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	210	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	480,135	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	427,605	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	228,060	...	...	0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	415	200	215	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	875	375	505
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	340	160	175	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	850	360	485
Married or living common-law	215	105	105	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	445	220	225
Married	135	70	65	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	335	160	170
Living common-law	80	40	40	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	105	60	50
Living common law - Never married	70	30	40	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	85	45	40
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	261,885	135,520	126,370	15	5	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	5	5	5
Not married and not living common-law	125	55	65	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	405	145	265
Not married and not living common law - Never married	90	50	45	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	240	115	125
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	0	106,275	48,095	58,175	5	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15	0	10	494,210	197,455	296,755	65	15	50
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	10	380,100	89,515	290,580	95	10	90
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	125	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	235	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	190	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	454,980	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	412,850	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	187,600	...	...	0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	235	...	...
Total couple families	105	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	215	...	...
Married couples	65	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	160	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	502,020	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	609,605	...	...	125	...	...
Common-law couples	45	...	...	828,005	...	...	55	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	401,885	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	426,120	...	...	50	...	...
Total one-parent families	15	...	...	383,775	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	284,025	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	99,755	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	415	200	215	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	880	375	505
Total - Persons in census families	365	180	185	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	535	255	275
Married spouses or common-law partners	215	110	105	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	425	215	210
Parents in one-parent families	15	0	15	383,780	99,755	284,020	20	0	20
Children⁶	135	75	60	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	85	30	50
In a two-parent family	110	55	50	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	55	20	35
In a one-parent family	25	15	10	585,820	317,400	268,415	25	15	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	50	20	35	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	345	120	225
Living alone	45	20	30	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	295	90	200
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	165,070	74,060	91,005	20	5	15
Living with non-relatives only	0	0	0	268,810	158,325	110,485	35	20	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	550	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	120	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	230	...	...
Couple-family households	105	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	205	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	851,835	...	...	35	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	982,260	...	...	175	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	331,395	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	50,790	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	139,280	...	...	25	...	...
One-person households	45	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	295	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	335	165	175	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	845	365	480
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	335	165	170	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	810	345	460
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	48,000	44,400	40,800	44,800	37,200	58,800	66,500	54,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	335	165	170	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	810	345	465
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	42,000	39,600	36,400	39,200	33,600	47,600	55,200	44,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	310	155	160	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	765	325	435
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	40,800	37,200	33,600	39,600	28,000	52,000	58,000	47,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	250	130	120	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	505	260	245
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	40,400	48,400	36,000	40,400	31,600	41,200	48,400	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	270	125	145	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	660	270	390
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,900	11,600	10,600	11,500	10,200	12,300	12,100	11,900	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35	20	20	837,635	441,080	396,550	35	20	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	x	x	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,280	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95	55	35	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	170	95	75
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	8,000	6,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	6,240	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	345	175	165	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	910	400	510
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	345	175	165	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	890	390	500
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,400	60,400	62,400	51,160	57,550	44,960	94,400	111,200	81,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	345	175	165	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	890	390	500
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,600	47,600	49,600	41,840	45,760	38,000	67,800	76,400	61,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	165	165	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	820	365	450
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,600	54,800	54,800	45,480	52,900	38,000	92,600	109,600	78,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	250	135	115	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	515	280	240
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,000	54,000	67,000	46,240	51,950	40,040	61,200	72,000	48,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	150	150	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	720	295	425
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	11,400	10,600	12,410	11,500	13,220	11,540	10,600	12,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45	30	0	837,180	441,665	395,515	35	0	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	8,500	...	7,040	6,380	7,780	5,200	...	4,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110	75	35	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	165	95	70
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	7,600	8,130	7,910	8,390	10,000	10,200	9,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	345	180	170	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	910	400	515
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	60	65	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	235	135	100
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	79,500	81,000	78,500	58,400	62,800	53,600	77,000	79,000	60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	90,000	96,000	88,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	86,000	84,000	90,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	110	65	45	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	220	100	115
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	24,000	23,600	18,600	21,400	16,600	13,500	13,500	12,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,000	29,000	46,000	28,160	32,120	24,360	42,000	65,000	21,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	84.0	86.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	90.0	93.0	87.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	68.0	74.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	37.2	46.0	28.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.6	16.5	14.8	20.1	15.8	25.6	9.9	7.2	12.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.4	x	1.7	1.5	2.0	0.2	x	0.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	6.2	3.2	5.4	4.8	6.1	2.2	2.3	2.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	5.6	2.8	4.6	4.3	5.1	2.0	2.2	1.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	340	160	175	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	845	360	485
Without total income	0	0	0	179,955	87,650	92,310	35	15	20
With total income	335	160	175	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	805	345	465
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	10	15	462,400	204,245	258,155	65	25	45
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	20	809,375	334,315	475,065	75	35	40
$20,000 to $29,999	45	15	25	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	85	30	60
$30,000 to $39,999	40	25	15	896,520	414,070	482,445	60	20	40
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	20	849,005	411,680	437,325	65	25	40
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	20	687,020	345,720	341,305	60	25	35
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	503,110	271,695	231,415	60	25	35
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	367,455	208,475	158,980	50	20	30
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	284,690	158,760	125,930	50	30	20
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	198,140	112,355	85,780	25	15	15
$100,000 and over	50	30	20	556,780	365,700	191,080	225	105	115
$100,000 to $149,999	35	25	15	385,890	245,635	140,260	80	35	45
$150,000 and over	15	10	10	170,890	120,065	50,820	145	75	70
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	340	160	175	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	845	360	485
Without after-tax income	0	0	0	177,960	86,610	91,355	35	15	20
With after-tax income	335	160	175	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	810	345	465
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	10	20	495,035	214,000	281,030	75	25	50
$10,000 to $19,999	35	15	20	853,250	356,480	496,765	80	35	45
$20,000 to $29,999	55	25	25	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	95	35	65
$30,000 to $39,999	50	25	25	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	80	25	55
$40,000 to $49,999	50	20	30	994,235	505,970	488,265	90	35	55
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	15	691,015	372,870	318,145	70	35	40
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	459,665	251,490	208,170	70	30	40
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	15	292,135	160,985	131,150	45	25	20
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	174,905	104,610	70,295	25	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	20	5	15
$100,000 and over	30	15	10	229,765	156,750	73,020	160	80	75
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	119,125	78,615	40,515	40	20	20
$125,000 and over	10	5	5	110,635	78,130	32,505	120	60	55
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	340	160	175	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	845	360	485
Without employment income	90	35	55	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	340	100	240
With employment income	245	125	125	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	505	255	245
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	20	15	644,075	331,770	312,300	85	35	45
$5,000 to $9,999	10	10	5	401,185	180,585	220,595	45	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	25	10	20	603,350	273,725	329,620	60	30	30
$20,000 to $29,999	20	20	5	495,105	228,670	266,435	40	15	20
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	10	488,000	239,620	248,380	20	5	15
$40,000 to $49,999	15	10	5	485,845	242,230	243,610	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	15	403,980	217,425	186,560	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	320,700	184,770	135,935	20	5	15
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	10	250,635	147,020	103,615	30	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	20	5	10	218,100	120,085	98,020	20	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	45	25	20	422,055	285,910	136,145	95	60	30
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	205,085	133,500	71,585	25	15	15
$125,000 and over	25	15	10	216,965	152,410	64,555	60	45	20
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	335	165	175	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	845	365	480
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	155	170	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	790	335	455
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	48,400	44,400	38,400	43,200	34,000	55,200	66,000	51,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	155	170	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	790	335	455
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	40,800	38,400	34,000	37,600	30,600	45,200	53,200	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	305	150	155	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	745	320	425
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	41,200	39,600	34,800	40,400	29,200	52,400	57,200	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	255	125	120	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	490	245	245
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	47,200	44,400	36,400	41,200	31,800	37,600	49,200	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	245	115	130	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	620	245	370
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,550	4,160	7,500	7,800	5,640	9,100	9,200	5,440	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	10	20	727,165	390,255	336,910	15	10	10
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700	x	x	5,000	4,760	5,280	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	345	175	165	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	910	400	510
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	340	175	165	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	860	375	495
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,600	56,000	75,500	48,600	55,500	41,880	107,600	144,500	79,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	340	175	165	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	860	375	495
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	44,400	57,600	39,600	44,000	35,320	77,000	99,200	60,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	330	160	165	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	815	365	450
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,400	55,200	70,000	45,920	53,800	37,920	107,200	143,500	78,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	270	140	130	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	525	270	250
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,200	55,000	63,000	46,240	52,450	39,520	63,000	83,000	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	260	140	125	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	660	250	410
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	6,600	7,700	9,450	8,430	10,320	9,080	7,450	10,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35	20	0	727,815	390,880	336,935	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	7,000	...	7,020	5,975	8,230	...	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	345	180	170	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	910	400	515
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	60	65	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	235	135	100
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,000	96,000	68,000	54,800	60,000	49,200	70,000	79,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,000	92,000	76,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	78,500	84,000	71,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	110	65	45	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	190	75	115
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	35,200	26,400	23,600	27,200	21,000	18,800	17,800	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,000	38,000	46,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	60,400	112,000	26,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	90.0	92.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	93.6	97.0	89.0
Employment income (%)	71.0	78.0	64.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	35.6	42.0	27.2
Government transfers (%)	8.2	9.2	7.6	14.9	10.8	20.2	6.4	3.5	10.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	1.2	x	1.6	1.3	2.0	x	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	550	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	45	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	295	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	38,800	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	34,400	...	...	49,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	130	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	260	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	575	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	145,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	75,200	...	...	104,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	290	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	180,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	550	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	52,080	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	82,470	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	218,185	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	144,420	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	143,285	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	172,005	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	174,790	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	166,990	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	310,880	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	280,505	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	255,770	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	235,235	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	208,320	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	80	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	250	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	414,805	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	282,590	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	30	...	...	307,835	...	...	45	...	...
$200,000 and over	20	...	...	239,060	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	550	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	53,600	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	87,695	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	234,875	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	177,135	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	180,150	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	213,760	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	210,280	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	193,530	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	356,325	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	322,530	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	289,580	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	254,885	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	216,370	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	892,775	...	...	200	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	387,835	...	...	55	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	225,830	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 and over	25	...	...	279,105	...	...	120	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	125	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	240	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	991,710	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	72,500	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	907,765	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	151,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	368,845	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	69,000	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	61,600	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	50	15	25	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	325	115	215
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	x	55,600	36,800	39,200	34,800	59,600	55,600	61,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	x	40,800	33,200	34,800	31,600	47,600	44,800	49,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	120	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	280	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	182,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	125,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	992,110	...	...	200	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	214,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	143,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	909,160	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	185,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	367,155	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	78,700	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	67,500	...	...	58,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	50	20	30	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	315	90	220
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,000	80,000	40,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	107,000	110,000	106,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	64,000	34,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	82,000	84,000	81,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	415	200	215	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	880	375	505
0 to 17 years	90	40	50	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	45	20	25
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	515,725	264,785	250,935	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	255	130	125	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	450	225	225
65 years and over	75	30	40	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	390	135	255
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20	10	10	992,235	463,295	528,940	150	65	90
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	159,530	82,000	77,530	10	5	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	53,105	27,240	25,870	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	10	10	5	515,470	256,435	259,035	100	50	45
65 years and over	5	0	0	317,235	124,865	192,370	45	5	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.5	5.0	4.0	11.9	11.2	12.7	17.2	17.5	17.2
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	9.7	9.7	9.7	24.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	6.0	3.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	22.4	23.0	22.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	10.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	10.8	6.0	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	415	200	215	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	880	375	505
0 to 17 years	90	40	45	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	40	15	25
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	511,400	262,535	248,860	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	255	125	130	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	450	225	225
65 years and over	75	35	45	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	385	140	250
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10	10	5	439,850	223,055	216,795	95	45	50
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	61,665	31,610	30,060	5	5	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	10	5	0	313,970	167,015	146,955	75	35	40
65 years and over	5	0	5	64,210	24,430	39,780	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	3.0	2.0	5.3	5.4	5.2	10.6	12.0	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	4.0	x	6.2	6.6	5.8	17.0	17.0	17.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	4.0	3.3	4.7	3.6	3.0	4.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	415	200	215	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	875	375	505
In bottom half of the distribution	170	75	90	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	370	155	210
In bottom decile	20	10	5	851,840	407,705	444,140	140	60	80
In second decile	25	5	15	920,490	434,730	485,760	65	25	40
In third decile	40	20	20	969,255	471,650	497,600	55	25	35
In fourth decile	30	10	15	978,345	482,760	495,590	60	30	30
In fifth decile	60	25	35	947,090	473,285	473,810	50	20	30
In top half of the distribution	245	125	120	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	510	220	295
In sixth decile	40	20	25	899,660	454,970	444,690	65	30	35
In seventh decile	35	15	20	837,225	425,400	411,830	50	20	30
In eighth decile	70	35	35	752,410	383,450	368,955	90	40	50
In ninth decile	50	25	30	634,425	325,700	308,730	60	25	35
In top decile	45	25	15	517,725	267,160	250,565	245	105	140
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	415	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	880	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.267	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.576	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.354	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.627	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.234	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.510	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.4	...	...	10.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	880	380	505
English only	30	15	15	445,575	228,840	216,735	245	110	130
French only	65	35	25	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	25	10	20
English and French	315	150	170	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	600	255	350
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	82,075	35,200	46,875	15	10	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	880	380	505
English	110	55	55	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	565	245	320
French	290	140	150	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	230	95	135
English and French	20	10	10	329,515	169,050	160,465	75	30	45
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	79,000	33,590	45,410	15	10	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	880	380	505
Single responses	400	195	210	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	820	355	460
Official languages	345	165	175	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	525	220	305
English	80	40	40	639,365	323,170	316,195	340	140	200
French	265	130	135	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	190	80	105
Non-official languages	55	30	30	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	295	135	160
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	30	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	290	135	160
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	233,220	122,895	110,320	30	20	15
Berber languages	5	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	204,600	107,735	96,865	35	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0	198,785	104,765	94,020	25	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	10	0	5
Maltese	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	20	20	595,790	290,670	305,115	200	95	105
Albanian	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	68,295	30,855	37,435	15	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	67,565	30,570	36,995	15	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	5	0	5
Russian	5	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	5	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	20	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	20	10	10
German	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	10	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	5	5	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	101,450	52,780	48,665	95	45	45
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	10	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	85	40	45
Baluchi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	85	40	45
Dari	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	70	35	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	10	0	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	346,000	167,870	178,130	70	30	35
Catalan	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	90,940	44,080	46,865	15	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	10	0	0
Romanian	5	5	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	15	5	5
Spanish	0	0	0	177,155	86,490	90,660	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	5	87,540	40,170	47,375	30	15	15
Chinese languages	10	0	5	87,155	39,990	47,160	30	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	5	57,445	26,210	31,235	25	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	410	250	160	5	0	5
Kazakh	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	5	5	308,550	155,455	153,095	65	20	40
English and French	10	5	10	126,405	64,585	61,820	20	5	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	30	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	94,205	46,880	47,320	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	0	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	5	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	880	380	505
English	80	35	40	623,305	313,780	309,520	360	155	210
French	245	120	120	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	120	55	70
Non-official language	15	5	5	366,730	177,410	189,315	90	50	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	5	5	343,650	165,830	177,825	90	50	45
English and French	45	20	25	497,380	256,735	240,645	120	50	70
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	205,755	102,290	103,470	110	40	70
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	375,795	179,585	196,210	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	284,940	141,275	143,665	65	25	40
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	880	380	505
Single responses	405	195	210	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	820	350	465
Official languages	380	185	200	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	655	270	380
English	105	50	55	874,185	438,570	435,615	480	200	280
French	280	135	145	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	175	70	105
Non-official languages	25	15	10	662,615	322,860	339,750	165	75	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	10	628,365	305,820	322,555	165	75	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	116,685	59,645	57,040	20	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	104,890	53,505	51,380	15	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	102,120	52,125	49,990	15	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	10	336,635	164,100	172,535	120	60	65
Albanian	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	39,725	18,855	20,870	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	39,575	18,795	20,775	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	5	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	90	40	50
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	10	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	75	35	40
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	75	35	40
Dari	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	70	30	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	10	0	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	182,585	88,060	94,525	30	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	5	5	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	112,915	55,870	57,050	15	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	15	10	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	357,245	176,070	181,175	65	30	35
English and French	15	5	5	137,120	69,025	68,095	35	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	20	5	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	116,595	56,445	60,150	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	39,875	19,575	20,300	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	885	380	505
None	340	165	170	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	620	275	350
English	25	15	15	353,690	183,470	170,225	80	30	50
French	15	10	10	259,425	127,380	132,040	60	25	35
Non-official language	15	10	5	269,715	129,830	139,890	55	20	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	5	264,405	127,330	137,070	55	20	30
English and French	0	0	0	61,955	31,425	30,525	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	76,755	38,765	37,990	15	5	15
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	55,860	26,915	28,945	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	19,290	9,695	9,595	10	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	440	225	210	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	930	410	525
Official languages	440	225	210	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	915	395	515
English	375	190	180	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	875	380	490
French	380	195	190	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	640	280	355
Non-official languages	100	55	45	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	490	235	255
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	55	45	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	490	235	255
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	385,210	201,105	184,100	95	50	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	0	363,875	190,005	173,870	95	50	45
Amharic	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	343,675	179,750	163,930	65	35	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	45	40	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	310	145	165
Albanian	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	25	0	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	25	0	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	10	0	10
Russian	10	10	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	15	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	50	25	25
Frisian	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	45	20	25
German	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	40	10	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	10	10	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	150	75	70
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	15	0	10
Assamese	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	10	0	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	135	70	65
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	135	70	65
Dari	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	120	65	55
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	20	684,830	324,095	360,735	115	45	70
Catalan	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	30	10	30
Portuguese	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	15	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	0	453,905	210,400	243,505	90	30	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	15	0	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	65	40	35
Chinese languages	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	65	40	35
Hakka	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	65	40	35
Min Dong	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	25	20	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	10	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	435	225	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	935	410	525
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	435	225	210	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	935	410	525
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	435	225	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	935	410	525
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	435	225	210	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	935	410	525
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	580	...	...
Owner	120	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	230	...	...
Renter	55	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	345	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	580	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	515,590	...	...	255	...	...
Not condominium	170	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	320	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	580	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	45	...	...
1 bedroom	15	...	...	623,295	...	...	235	...	...
2 bedrooms	40	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	195	...	...
3 bedrooms	75	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	85	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	50	...	...	730,330	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	580	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	25	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	385	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	645,635	...	...	130	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	435,225	...	...	35	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	403,225	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	65	...	...	886,180	...	...	20	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	5.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	580	...	...
One person or fewer per room	175	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	565	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	580	...	...
Suitable	175	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	525	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	142,775	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	580	...	...
1960 or before	135	...	...	879,375	...	...	150	...	...
1961 to 1980	40	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	175	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	509,120	...	...	215	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	385,315	...	...	25	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	580	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	165	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	550	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	236,110	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	580	...	...
One-maintainer household	75	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	410	...	...
Two-maintainer household	105	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	155	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	89,875	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	580	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	117,525	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	20	...	...	525,540	...	...	100	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	647,165	...	...	60	...	...
45 to 54 years	20	...	...	628,630	...	...	50	...	...
55 to 64 years	50	...	...	760,395	...	...	40	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	629,965	...	...	130	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	336,170	...	...	95	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	103,640	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	175	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	570	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	350	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	30	...	...	595,690	...	...	220	...	...
30% to less than 100%	30	...	...	542,060	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	580	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	901,440	...	...	270	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	537,090	...	...	200	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	112,775	...	...	35	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	179,840	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	140	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	310	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	175	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	530	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	218,275	...	...	50	...	...
Not in core need	165	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	485	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	120	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	230	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.3	...	...	62.2	...	...	30.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	10.0	...	...	31.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,070	...	...	2,640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,540	...	...	1,195	...	...	2,860	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	1,200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	1,360,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	350	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	54.5	...	...	25.2	...	...	43.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	11.9	...	...	15.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...	810	...	...	1,310	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	886	...	...	1,430	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	440	230	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	935	410	520
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	10	10	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	10	10	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	420	220	200	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	935	410	520
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	440	230	215	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	935	410	525
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	435	225	215	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	730	295	435
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	50	45	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	30	10	15
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	335	170	165	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	700	280	415
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	518,265	264,490	253,775	205	115	85
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	440	230	215	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	935	410	525
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	360	180	175	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	450	195	255
Immigrants⁸¹	80	45	30	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	375	160	215
Before 1980	20	15	0	187,200	91,895	95,300	110	40	75
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	124,610	61,850	62,755	30	15	20
1991 to 2000	25	10	10	190,495	91,635	98,860	55	20	35
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	312,210	150,825	161,390	35	10	30
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	0	0	396,090	192,745	203,340	140	70	65
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	193,345	93,485	99,855	70	25	40
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	202,740	99,260	103,480	70	45	30
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	205,770	113,500	92,275	115	55	55
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	75	45	35	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	375	155	215
Under 5 years	0	0	0	112,295	56,755	55,540	10	0	0
5 to 14 years	15	10	10	201,385	101,555	99,835	35	0	30
15 to 24 years	20	0	10	213,035	96,175	116,860	85	50	35
25 to 44 years	40	30	10	594,845	292,975	301,875	195	75	120
45 years and over	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	45	25	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	75	45	35	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	375	155	215
Americas	15	10	10	264,885	121,740	143,145	75	25	55
Brazil	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	25	10	20
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	20	0	15
Europe	45	25	15	309,015	154,110	154,910	85	40	50
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	15	0	10	93,160	49,870	43,290	30	15	15
Germany	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	10	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	10	0	10
Netherlands	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	15	0	10
Africa	10	10	0	302,010	153,655	148,355	35	25	15
Algeria	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	10	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	20	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	332,925	158,445	174,475	170	75	95
Afghanistan	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	85	45	40
Iraq	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	15	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	10	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	15	0	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	202,740	99,265	103,480	70	45	25
Americas	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	20	15	0
France	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	20	15	0
Germany	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	40	25	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	30	20	10
Iraq	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	440	225	210	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	935	410	525
First generation¹⁰⁰	75	45	30	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	500	220	275
Second generation¹⁰¹	60	25	40	883,485	446,000	437,490	185	110	80
Third generation or more¹⁰²	300	160	140	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	250	80	170
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	60	35	30	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	265	120	145
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	40	20	20	559,935	290,040	269,895	200	90	110
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	25	10	15	267,870	161,125	106,740	105	50	55
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	25	10	10	292,070	128,915	163,155	95	40	60
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10	0	0	272,255	109,735	162,515	50	20	35
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	175,740	89,995	85,740	10	10	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	60	35	30	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	265	120	145
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	94,185	46,445	47,740	20	10	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	25	0	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	30	10	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	45	25	20	756,120	358,700	397,420	185	85	100
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	440	225	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	935	410	525
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	25	15	15	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	315	150	170
South Asian	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	15	0	10
Chinese	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	70	35	40
Black	20	10	10	422,405	206,335	216,070	25	10	10
Filipino	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	280,075	146,990	133,085	40	15	25
Latin American	0	0	0	172,925	85,035	87,880	30	15	15
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	100	55	45
Korean	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	15	0	15
Japanese	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	410	210	200	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	615	260	355
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	440	230	210	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	935	410	525
Canadian	20	0	10	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	95	35	55
English	55	30	25	177,710	88,910	88,800	45	25	20
Irish	60	40	15	404,190	193,440	210,745	30	10	25
Scottish	40	20	25	192,685	93,120	99,565	40	20	20
French, n.o.s.¹²²	180	90	90	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	115	45	75
German	20	15	0	124,305	60,295	64,010	45	15	25
Chinese	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	60	25	35
Italian	60	40	25	316,315	157,600	158,720	30	10	25
Indian (India)	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	15	0	15
Dutch	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	45	10	30
Québécois	45	25	20	931,940	465,630	466,305	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	25	0	25
Filipino	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	45	30	15	588,805	290,630	298,180	15	10	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	45	20	25
Russian	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	40	15	25
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	10	0	10
Welsh	10	0	10	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	10	10	0
American	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	10	0	10
Spanish	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	20	0	20
Swedish	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	15	10	0
Acadian	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0
Jewish	20	10	10	57,320	29,015	28,305	135	65	75
Punjabi	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	15	0	10
Jamaican	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	20	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	10	10	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	75	55	30
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	20	0	15
Mennonite	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	10	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	40	15	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	10	10	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	15	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	10	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	10	0	10
Palestinian	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	25	15	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	20	10	10	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	435	225	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	935	410	525
Buddhist	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	250	125	130	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	285	95	190
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15	0	10	464,020	229,155	234,860	25	10	15
Anabaptist	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	40	10	30
Baptist	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0
Catholic	195	100	90	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	170	65	110
Christian Orthodox	25	10	15	145,805	70,840	74,965	20	0	15
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	15	0	10
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	10	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	15	10	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	280	120	160
Muslim	0	0	0	421,710	218,255	203,455	100	60	40
Sikh	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	160	95	70	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	260	130	130
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	425	225	205	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	930	405	525
Non-movers	390	205	185	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	840	360	480
Movers	35	15	15	945,290	466,750	478,540	90	40	45
Non-migrants	35	15	15	543,670	268,740	274,925	65	30	30
Migrants	0	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	25	10	15
Internal migrants	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	10	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	20	10	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	405	210	195	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	920	405	520
Non-movers	250	125	120	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	510	190	320
Movers	155	85	70	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	405	210	200
Non-migrants	115	65	50	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	180	85	95
Migrants	40	20	20	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	235	130	105
Internal migrants	40	20	20	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	115	45	60
Intraprovincial migrants	40	20	20	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	90	35	55
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	20	15	10
External migrants	0	0	0	320,090	166,115	153,975	120	75	45
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	345	175	170	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	910	400	515
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10	10	0	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	35	10	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	335	170	160	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	870	385	485
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	255	125	125	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	425	235	190
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	642,800	382,415	260,380	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	245	120	125	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	420	230	190
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	350	175	165	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	910	395	510
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	0	0	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	25	0	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	50	20	30	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	120	50	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	285	155	135	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	760	340	420
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	150	85	65	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	215	75	130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	55	45	10	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	35	15	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	30	10	793,030	427,220	365,815	10	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	20	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	25	10	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	30	35	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	135	50	85
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	0	20	252,815	102,150	150,665	40	10	30
Bachelor's degree or higher	140	70	70	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	545	265	285
Bachelor's degree	75	50	30	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	260	135	130
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	15	15	149,425	66,595	82,825	45	15	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	43,755	20,810	22,940	30	25	10
Master's degree	20	10	10	360,795	174,150	186,645	165	70	95
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	45	15	25
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	255	125	125	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	425	235	190
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	525,155	303,815	221,345	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20	10	15	752,855	388,160	364,700	35	25	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	225	115	115	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	390	205	185
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	55	50	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	105	50	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	25	10	836,455	498,385	338,075	15	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	10	10	609,895	319,470	290,425	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	15	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	25	30	838,140	372,455	465,685	80	35	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	174,695	72,115	102,580	15	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	120	55	60	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	285	155	125
Bachelor's degree	65	40	25	802,755	343,100	459,650	150	100	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	25	10	10	119,460	50,155	69,310	20	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	10	10	0
Master's degree	20	10	10	302,065	140,530	161,530	85	35	55
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	20	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	345	175	170	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	905	395	510
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55	25	35	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	150	55	90
Education	15	0	10	292,470	65,830	226,640	60	0	50
13. Education	15	0	10	292,470	65,830	226,640	60	0	50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	166,900	75,420	91,480	60	15	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	143,365	58,875	84,490	60	15	45
Humanities	15	10	0	228,770	90,810	137,960	100	20	75
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	25	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	25	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	30	10	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	10	10	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	20	0	430,845	142,280	288,570	110	55	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	10	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	30	15	15
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	134,510	67,065	67,440	45	20	20
Business, management and public administration	65	40	25	950,820	357,290	593,535	170	100	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	40	25	894,690	344,770	549,925	155	100	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	10	158,655	83,605	75,050	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	25	10	177,780	124,955	52,825	40	35	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	20	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	35	35	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	35	0	866,885	778,835	88,060	110	65	45
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	15	0	10
14. Engineering	20	10	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	70	35	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	55	0	55	515,215	101,455	413,760	100	30	65
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	15	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	0	50	470,150	78,875	391,275	80	25	55
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	10	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	250	125	130	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	425	235	190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30	10	15	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	35	30	0
Education	10	0	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	20	0	15
13. Education	10	0	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	129,065	58,170	70,895	40	15	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	110,860	45,555	65,305	40	15	20
Humanities	10	0	0	144,140	56,410	87,730	15	10	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	10	0	334,475	103,635	230,840	60	30	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	30	15	15
Business, management and public administration	55	30	25	741,390	268,705	472,685	80	35	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	30	25	697,775	259,725	438,045	80	35	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	10	102,055	53,195	48,865	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	20	10	147,350	104,880	42,465	30	30	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	15	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	30	30	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	30	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	95	55	45
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	10	0	10
14. Engineering	20	15	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	65	35	35
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	0	45	387,725	74,730	312,995	40	15	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	40	352,905	58,735	294,170	30	10	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	250	125	130	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	425	235	190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30	10	15	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	35	30	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	225	110	110	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	390	205	185
Location of study inside Canada	195	100	100	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	255	135	125
Same as province or territory of residence	190	90	100	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	235	120	115
Different than province or territory of residence	10	10	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	30	15	15
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	25	15	15	414,490	209,160	205,330	130	75	60
Americas	0	0	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	30	10	15
United States of America	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	25	10	10	138,260	74,045	64,210	10	10	0
Belgium	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	95	55	40
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	75	40	35
Iraq	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	350	175	165	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	910	395	510
In the labour force	215	105	105	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	470	275	200
Employed	195	90	105	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	415	240	175
Unemployed	20	15	0	335,015	176,245	158,775	55	35	25
Not in the labour force	130	70	60	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	435	120	315
Participation rate	61.4	60.0	63.6	64.1	67.4	60.9	51.6	69.6	39.2
Employment rate	55.7	51.4	63.6	59.3	62.3	56.3	45.6	60.8	34.3
Unemployment rate	9.3	14.3	0.0	7.6	7.7	7.4	11.7	12.7	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	345	175	170	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	905	395	510
Did not work¹⁸⁶	100	50	50	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	440	150	290
Worked	245	125	120	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	470	250	225
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	130	60	70	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	235	140	95
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	115	70	50	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	230	110	120
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.6	42.8	44.4	41.3	41.7	40.8	40.2	41.6	38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	215	110	110	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	470	275	200
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	15	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	215	110	110	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	460	265	190
Employee	165	85	75	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	375	200	175
Permanent position	155	80	70	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	265	135	135
Temporary position	15	0	0	623,510	296,655	326,850	105	70	35
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	217,905	94,210	123,700	60	40	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	0	0	0	405,605	202,450	203,155	45	30	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	50	20	35	530,720	324,555	206,165	80	65	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	215	110	110	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	470	275	200
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	15	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	215	110	110	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	460	265	190
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	10	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	15	25	778,905	256,150	522,760	110	55	60
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	10	0	360,495	272,510	87,985	100	60	35
3 Health occupations	40	0	40	359,665	70,075	289,590	40	20	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	0	0	558,725	166,020	392,700	75	45	35
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20	10	10	146,560	72,400	74,165	20	10	10
6 Sales and service occupations	35	15	20	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	55	25	35
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	45	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	45	45	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	215	110	110	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	470	275	200
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	15	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	215	110	110	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	460	265	190
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	25	20	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	25	25	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	20	0	20
41 Wholesale trade	15	0	15	147,340	96,670	50,670	30	15	20
44-45 Retail trade	15	0	10	514,090	248,905	265,185	15	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	15	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	20	20	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	0	10	94,130	57,495	36,630	30	20	10
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	20	15	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	35	20	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	0	10	345,345	193,365	151,985	110	70	40
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	20	15	10
61 Educational services	0	0	0	340,885	104,300	236,590	55	30	20
62 Health care and social assistance	45	0	45	617,200	122,675	494,525	55	25	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	10	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	190,470	89,730	100,735	0	0	0
91 Public administration	10	0	10	290,765	144,705	146,055	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	250	125	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	530	280	245
English	30	20	10	350,525	195,385	155,145	225	120	110
French	100	45	60	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	45	30	15
Non-official language	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	110	60	50	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	220	115	110
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	25	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	250	125	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	530	280	245
Single responses	225	115	115	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	485	250	230
Official languages	225	115	115	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	470	245	225
English	65	35	30	668,485	365,785	302,695	365	185	185
French	160	75	85	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	105	60	45
Non-official languages	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	10	10	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	10	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	600	345	255	10	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	570	320	250	10	10	0
Dari	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	10	269,365	142,370	126,995	45	30	15
English and French	25	15	10	249,945	132,640	117,300	45	30	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	250	125	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	530	280	245
None	155	75	85	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	320	175	145
English	60	35	25	720,960	391,075	329,885	60	35	30
French	30	15	15	302,145	161,340	140,805	125	65	60
Non-official language	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	195	90	105	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	415	240	180
Worked at home	65	30	35	897,770	435,285	462,480	160	90	70
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	20	15	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	40	30	10
Usual place of work	110	40	65	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	210	115	90
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	110	40	65	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	210	120	90
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	70	25	50	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	160	85	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	10	15	419,210	203,335	215,875	50	25	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	10	0	823,150	442,385	380,765	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	130	60	70	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	250	150	100
Car, truck or van	110	60	50	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	120	70	50
Car, truck or van - as a driver	110	60	50	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	115	65	50
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	0	0	0
Public transit	10	0	10	287,345	120,460	166,885	60	45	20
Walked	0	0	0	178,645	78,570	100,075	50	25	20
Bicycle	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	10	0	10
Other method	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	130	60	70	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	250	150	100
Less than 15 minutes	20	15	10	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	65	35	25
15 to 29 minutes	55	30	30	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	120	70	50
30 to 44 minutes	45	20	25	635,870	363,430	272,445	55	35	20
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	10	0	10	206,480	126,635	79,840	10	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	130	60	70	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	250	150	100
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	10	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20	0	10	569,745	368,480	201,265	40	30	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	10	30	935,640	441,465	494,170	60	25	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	10	15	626,895	259,220	367,675	70	40	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	0	0	0	330,930	142,495	188,435	60	35	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25	15	10	489,685	284,160	205,530	20	15	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	90	45	50	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	45	15	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	10	303,835	156,030	147,805	20	5	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	35	40	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	25	10	15
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	65	30	30	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	35	10	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	230,080	118,075	112,005	20	5	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	175,305	90,000	85,305	15	5	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	5	5	54,775	28,070	26,700	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	25	30	992,895	508,315	484,580	20	10	10

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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