Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662213More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24660655More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24662779More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	416	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	472	...	...	495	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	176	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	221	...	...	206	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	207	...	...	195	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,416.1	...	...	6.5	...	...	6,456.9	...	...	18,065.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.09	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.07	...	...	0.03	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	415	200	215	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	475	230	240	495	235	260
0 to 14 years	80	40	40	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	55	30	25	115	60	60
0 to 4 years	25	10	15	422,980	217,145	205,840	20	10	10	35	20	20
5 to 9 years	25	15	5	478,955	245,295	233,665	25	15	5	40	25	20
10 to 14 years	25	10	20	489,425	250,855	238,570	20	5	10	40	20	25
15 to 64 years	260	130	135	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	360	170	190	320	160	165
15 to 19 years	15	10	10	429,400	219,400	209,995	25	5	20	40	20	20
20 to 24 years	25	15	10	460,660	235,250	225,405	50	20	30	25	15	10
25 to 29 years	25	20	5	527,150	266,455	260,700	55	35	25	25	10	15
30 to 34 years	25	10	10	536,040	267,770	268,270	55	30	25	25	10	20
35 to 39 years	20	10	10	550,425	274,350	276,075	50	25	20	45	25	20
40 to 44 years	40	20	15	572,565	286,405	286,160	25	10	10	30	15	15
45 to 49 years	25	5	15	516,465	259,565	256,905	25	10	10	35	15	15
50 to 54 years	25	10	15	522,935	262,610	260,325	30	15	15	35	20	15
55 to 59 years	35	15	20	615,690	307,230	308,465	30	10	15	30	15	15
60 to 64 years	35	20	15	625,610	307,710	317,900	25	10	10	40	20	20
65 years and over	70	30	40	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	55	25	25	55	20	35
65 to 69 years	25	15	10	541,970	264,020	277,950	15	10	5	20	5	15
70 to 74 years	15	5	10	455,900	217,985	237,910	10	10	5	10	5	5
75 to 79 years	15	10	15	330,840	153,790	177,050	10	5	5	10	0	10
80 to 84 years	10	0	10	210,405	90,825	119,580	5	0	0	10	5	5
85 years and over	5	5	5	214,415	75,305	139,115	5	0	5	5	5	5
85 to 89 years	10	0	5	131,755	50,610	81,150	5	0	5	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	0	0	0	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	5	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.3	20.0	18.6	16.4	17.0	15.8	11.6	13.0	10.4	23.2	25.5	23.1
15 to 64 years	62.7	65.0	62.8	63.0	63.9	62.1	75.8	73.9	79.2	64.6	68.1	63.5
65 years and over	16.9	15.0	18.6	20.6	19.1	22.1	11.6	10.9	10.4	11.1	8.5	13.5
85 years and over	1.2	2.5	2.3	2.5	1.8	3.2	1.1	0.0	2.1	1.0	2.1	1.9
Average age of the population	41.2	39.8	42.4	42.8	41.8	43.7	37.4	37.0	37.8	37.0	35.8	38.0
Median age of the population	42.4	40.4	44.0	43.2	42.0	44.0	33.6	34.0	33.2	36.4	36.4	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	205	...	...	195	...	...
Single-detached house	50	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	35	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	30	...	...	199,080	...	...	40	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	98,625	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	50	...	...	271,245	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	130	...	...	180	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...	195	...	...
1 person	45	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	65	...	...	70	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	70	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	480,135	...	...	35	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	427,605	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	228,060	...	...	15	...	...	30	...	...
Number of persons in private households	415	200	215	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	475	230	240	495	235	260
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	340	160	175	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	415	200	215	375	175	200
Married or living common-law	215	105	105	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	195	95	100	145	75	70
Married	135	70	65	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	155	75	80	115	60	60
Living common-law	80	40	40	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	35	20	20	30	15	15
Living common law - Never married	70	30	40	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	35	20	20	20	5	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	261,885	135,520	126,370	0	0	0	10	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	125	55	65	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	220	100	115	230	100	130
Not married and not living common law - Never married	90	50	45	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	190	95	95	150	80	70
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	0	106,275	48,095	58,175	5	0	0	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15	0	10	494,210	197,455	296,755	15	5	10	40	15	25
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	10	380,100	89,515	290,580	10	0	10	25	5	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	125	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	110	...	...	115	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	55	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	454,980	...	...	30	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	412,850	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	187,600	...	...	10	...	...	25	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	110	...	...	120	...	...
Total couple families	105	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	90	...	...	70	...	...
Married couples	65	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	70	...	...	50	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	502,020	...	...	55	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	609,605	...	...	20	...	...	10	...	...
Common-law couples	45	...	...	828,005	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	401,885	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	426,120	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	15	...	...	383,775	...	...	20	...	...	50	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	284,025	...	...	15	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	99,755	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	415	200	215	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	475	230	240	495	240	255
Total - Persons in census families	365	180	185	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	315	145	170	380	185	200
Married spouses or common-law partners	215	110	105	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	180	90	90	140	65	65
Parents in one-parent families	15	0	15	383,780	99,755	284,020	20	5	20	45	15	35
Children⁶	135	75	60	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	115	55	65	195	100	95
In a two-parent family	110	55	50	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	90	45	45	110	60	55
In a one-parent family	25	15	10	585,820	317,400	268,415	25	10	15	85	45	40
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	50	20	35	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	155	85	75	110	55	60
Living alone	45	20	30	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	70	30	40	70	25	45
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	165,070	74,060	91,005	10	0	10	20	10	5
Living with non-relatives only	0	0	0	268,810	158,325	110,485	80	55	30	25	20	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	205	...	...	195	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	120	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	100	...	...	95	...	...
Couple-family households	105	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	85	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	851,835	...	...	50	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	982,260	...	...	35	...	...	15	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	331,395	...	...	15	...	...	35	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	50,790	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	139,280	...	...	35	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	45	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	65	...	...	70	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	335	165	175	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	415	195	215	380	180	200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	335	165	170	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	395	190	210	355	170	185
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	48,000	44,400	40,800	44,800	37,200	34,400	34,000	34,800	33,200	35,600	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	335	165	170	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	395	190	210	355	170	185
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	42,000	39,600	36,400	39,200	33,600	31,200	31,200	31,200	30,600	32,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	310	155	160	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	370	180	190	295	150	150
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	40,800	37,200	33,600	39,600	28,000	27,200	31,200	24,800	23,400	27,800	17,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	250	130	120	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	315	155	155	265	135	130
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	40,400	48,400	36,000	40,400	31,600	25,400	31,400	23,200	24,400	26,600	18,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	270	125	145	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	315	140	175	335	155	180
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,900	11,600	10,600	11,500	10,200	12,300	8,300	8,900	8,000	13,400	9,900	17,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35	20	20	837,635	441,080	396,550	40	20	20	60	30	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	x	x	5,520	5,520	5,600	4,880	5,120	4,640	4,360	4,880	4,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95	55	35	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	145	75	75	150	80	75
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	8,000	6,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	345	175	165	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	430	210	210	400	185	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	345	175	165	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	420	210	210	375	180	195
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,400	60,400	62,400	51,160	57,550	44,960	78,000	98,000	57,600	38,600	38,000	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	345	175	165	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	420	210	210	375	180	195
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,600	47,600	49,600	41,840	45,760	38,000	58,000	70,500	45,600	34,000	32,400	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	165	165	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	395	200	200	330	150	175
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,600	54,800	54,800	45,480	52,900	38,000	73,200	95,000	51,600	30,500	34,000	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	250	135	115	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	310	155	150	290	130	160
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,000	54,000	67,000	46,240	51,950	40,040	66,500	90,000	42,000	29,400	33,000	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	150	150	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	350	160	190	350	160	190
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	11,400	10,600	12,410	11,500	13,220	11,560	12,600	10,700	13,100	11,000	15,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45	30	0	837,180	441,665	395,515	60	35	25	65	0	45
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	8,500	...	7,040	6,380	7,780	6,600	5,600	8,500	4,600	...	4,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	110	75	35	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	155	90	65	160	75	85
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	7,600	8,130	7,910	8,390	10,800	11,400	10,000	7,200	7,200	7,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	345	180	170	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	430	215	215	400	185	215
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	60	65	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	125	75	55	130	65	70
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	79,500	81,000	78,500	58,400	62,800	53,600	57,600	58,000	57,600	36,400	38,000	34,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	90,000	96,000	88,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	136,000	180,000	76,000	45,000	50,000	42,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	110	65	45	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	155	65	85	135	55	80
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	24,000	23,600	18,600	21,400	16,600	10,200	10,200	7,350	13,700	19,800	12,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,000	29,000	46,000	28,160	32,120	24,360	16,000	10,000	21,200	16,800	18,500	15,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	84.0	86.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	88.0	90.0	84.0	68.5	74.0	63.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	68.0	74.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	62.0	68.0	52.0	60.0	64.0	56.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.6	16.5	14.8	20.1	15.8	25.6	12.2	9.6	16.4	31.6	26.0	37.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.4	x	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.2	0.9	1.8	1.9	x	3.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	6.2	3.2	5.4	4.8	6.1	5.5	5.2	6.0	9.6	8.4	10.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	5.6	2.8	4.6	4.3	5.1	5.2	4.8	5.6	8.0	7.6	8.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	340	160	175	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	415	200	215	375	175	200
Without total income	0	0	0	179,955	87,650	92,310	15	10	10	20	10	15
With total income	335	160	175	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	395	190	205	355	170	190
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	10	15	462,400	204,245	258,155	35	10	30	30	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	20	809,375	334,315	475,065	60	30	25	55	30	25
$20,000 to $29,999	45	15	25	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	75	40	35	75	20	55
$30,000 to $39,999	40	25	15	896,520	414,070	482,445	50	25	30	65	30	35
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	20	849,005	411,680	437,325	35	10	20	55	30	30
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	20	687,020	345,720	341,305	30	10	15	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	503,110	271,695	231,415	20	5	10	20	5	10
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	367,455	208,475	158,980	10	0	5	10	10	0
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	284,690	158,760	125,930	15	5	5	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	198,140	112,355	85,780	15	10	10	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	50	30	20	556,780	365,700	191,080	60	35	25	10	5	0
$100,000 to $149,999	35	25	15	385,890	245,635	140,260	25	15	10	5	0	0
$150,000 and over	15	10	10	170,890	120,065	50,820	40	20	15	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	340	160	175	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	415	200	215	375	175	200
Without after-tax income	0	0	0	177,960	86,610	91,355	15	10	10	20	10	15
With after-tax income	335	160	175	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	395	190	205	355	170	190
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	10	20	495,035	214,000	281,030	40	10	30	30	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	35	15	20	853,250	356,480	496,765	55	30	30	65	30	30
$20,000 to $29,999	55	25	25	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	90	50	40	80	25	55
$30,000 to $39,999	50	25	25	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	60	25	35	85	45	35
$40,000 to $49,999	50	20	30	994,235	505,970	488,265	35	15	20	50	25	30
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	15	691,015	372,870	318,145	25	5	15	30	10	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	459,665	251,490	208,170	20	5	10	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	15	292,135	160,985	131,150	15	10	5	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	174,905	104,610	70,295	10	5	5	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	5	0	0	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	30	15	10	229,765	156,750	73,020	40	25	20	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	119,125	78,615	40,515	15	10	5	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	10	5	5	110,635	78,130	32,505	30	20	15	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	340	160	175	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	415	200	215	375	175	200
Without employment income	90	35	55	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	95	40	60	115	40	70
With employment income	245	125	125	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	315	155	160	260	135	125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	20	15	644,075	331,770	312,300	55	20	35	30	15	20
$5,000 to $9,999	10	10	5	401,185	180,585	220,595	25	10	15	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	25	10	20	603,350	273,725	329,620	60	30	30	50	25	30
$20,000 to $29,999	20	20	5	495,105	228,670	266,435	20	10	15	40	20	20
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	10	488,000	239,620	248,380	25	15	10	55	30	20
$40,000 to $49,999	15	10	5	485,845	242,230	243,610	30	15	15	25	10	15
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	15	403,980	217,425	186,560	15	10	5	15	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	320,700	184,770	135,935	15	0	10	0	0	0
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	10	250,635	147,020	103,615	5	0	0	5	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	20	5	10	218,100	120,085	98,020	5	5	5	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	10	5	5	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	45	25	20	422,055	285,910	136,145	50	30	20	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	205,085	133,500	71,585	10	10	5	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	25	15	10	216,965	152,410	64,555	35	25	15	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	335	165	175	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	415	195	215	380	180	200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	155	170	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	375	180	195	340	160	180
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	48,400	44,400	38,400	43,200	34,000	33,200	32,800	34,000	26,600	28,200	25,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	155	170	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	375	180	195	340	160	180
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	40,800	38,400	34,000	37,600	30,600	29,800	29,600	30,000	25,600	26,000	25,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	305	150	155	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	355	170	185	275	135	140
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	41,200	39,600	34,800	40,400	29,200	31,200	30,200	32,000	23,600	27,000	20,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	255	125	120	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	325	155	170	250	125	120
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	47,200	44,400	36,400	41,200	31,800	28,600	28,200	28,800	24,800	26,600	20,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	245	115	130	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	280	130	150	310	145	165
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,550	4,160	7,500	7,800	5,640	9,100	1,820	1,530	2,080	7,550	3,680	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	10	20	727,165	390,255	336,910	20	15	5	35	15	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700	x	x	5,000	4,760	5,280	6,900	x	x	3,520	x	3,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	345	175	165	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	430	210	210	400	185	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	340	175	165	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	390	185	205	365	175	190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,600	56,000	75,500	48,600	55,500	41,880	78,800	93,000	66,000	33,400	33,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	340	175	165	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	390	185	205	365	175	190
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	44,400	57,600	39,600	44,000	35,320	55,200	61,600	49,600	29,400	28,400	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	330	160	165	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	355	175	185	300	135	160
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,400	55,200	70,000	45,920	53,800	37,920	80,800	95,000	67,000	31,400	34,000	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	270	140	130	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	310	150	155	265	125	140
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,200	55,000	63,000	46,240	52,450	39,520	70,000	96,000	43,000	30,200	32,500	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	260	140	125	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	330	155	175	340	160	175
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	6,600	7,700	9,450	8,430	10,320	6,640	7,100	6,200	8,400	6,900	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35	20	0	727,815	390,880	336,935	25	20	0	25	0	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	7,000	...	7,020	5,975	8,230	5,600	5,200	...	3,400	...	3,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	345	180	170	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	430	215	215	400	185	215
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	60	65	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	125	75	55	130	55	70
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,000	96,000	68,000	54,800	60,000	49,200	59,600	65,000	52,400	33,200	26,600	34,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,000	92,000	76,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	136,000	185,000	72,000	41,000	44,000	38,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	110	65	45	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	145	65	80	110	45	60
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	35,200	26,400	23,600	27,200	21,000	13,900	12,700	14,500	18,000	26,200	14,500
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,000	38,000	46,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	22,400	15,200	28,000	20,800	24,000	18,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	90.0	92.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	93.0	94.0	92.0	77.0	80.0	72.0
Employment income (%)	71.0	78.0	64.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	70.0	84.0	50.0	66.0	70.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)	8.2	9.2	7.6	14.9	10.8	20.2	7.1	6.4	8.2	23.2	18.5	27.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	1.2	x	1.6	1.3	2.0	0.5	0.6	x	0.6	...	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...	195	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	75,500	...	...	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...	53,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	45	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	65	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	38,800	...	...	49,600	...	...	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	34,400	...	...	40,800	...	...	30,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	130	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	140	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	150,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	75,200	...	...	111,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	75	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	100,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	88,000	...	...	33,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	140	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	176,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	124,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...	195	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	52,080	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	82,470	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	218,185	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	144,420	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	143,285	...	...	5	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	172,005	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	174,790	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	0	...	...	166,990	...	...	5	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	310,880	...	...	25	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	280,505	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	255,770	...	...	5	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	235,235	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	208,320	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	80	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	70	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	414,805	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	282,590	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	30	...	...	307,835	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
$200,000 and over	20	...	...	239,060	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	170	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	210	...	...	195	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	53,600	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	87,695	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	234,875	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	177,135	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	180,150	...	...	5	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	213,760	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	210,280	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	193,530	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	356,325	...	...	25	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	322,530	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	289,580	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	254,885	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	216,370	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	892,775	...	...	55	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	387,835	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	225,830	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	25	...	...	279,105	...	...	40	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	125	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	115	...	...	115	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	991,710	...	...	35	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	72,500	...	...	74,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	907,765	...	...	55	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	194,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	143,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	368,845	...	...	20	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	69,000	...	...	x	...	...	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	61,600	...	...	x	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	50	15	25	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	145	80	65	95	45	50
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	x	55,600	36,800	39,200	34,800	30,600	29,200	35,600	35,600	40,400	28,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	x	40,800	33,200	34,800	31,600	28,400	27,000	32,800	32,400	35,200	28,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	120	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	125	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	192,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	134,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	992,110	...	...	40	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	108,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	88,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	909,160	...	...	60	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	185,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	290,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	190,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	367,155	...	...	15	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	78,700	...	...	70,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	67,500	...	...	60,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	50	20	30	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	130	75	50	100	30	70
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,000	80,000	40,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	70,000	80,000	56,000	36,000	30,000	39,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	64,000	34,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	61,000	72,000	46,000	32,000	26,000	34,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	415	200	215	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	470	230	240	495	235	260
0 to 17 years	90	40	50	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	75	40	40	145	70	70
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	515,725	264,785	250,935	30	15	10	45	25	20
18 to 64 years	255	130	125	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	345	165	180	295	150	150
65 years and over	75	30	40	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	50	25	25	55	25	30
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20	10	10	992,235	463,295	528,940	70	25	45	100	50	55
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	159,530	82,000	77,530	15	5	10	35	20	15
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	53,105	27,240	25,870	5	0	5	15	10	0
18 to 64 years	10	10	5	515,470	256,435	259,035	50	25	35	55	25	25
65 years and over	5	0	0	317,235	124,865	192,370	5	0	5	15	0	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.5	5.0	4.0	11.9	11.2	12.7	15.6	13.0	18.5	21.2	20.0	22.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	9.7	9.7	9.7	18.0	x	28.0	26.0	28.0	24.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	x	x	x	32.0	40.0	20.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	6.0	3.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	15.6	14.0	17.0	18.0	18.0	18.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	10.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	10.0	x	x	24.0	x	28.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	415	200	215	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	475	230	240	495	240	255
0 to 17 years	90	40	45	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	75	40	35	140	70	70
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	511,400	262,535	248,860	25	20	10	40	20	20
18 to 64 years	255	125	130	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	345	170	180	300	145	155
65 years and over	75	35	45	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	50	25	25	55	20	35
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10	10	5	439,850	223,055	216,795	60	30	30	40	20	25
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	61,665	31,610	30,060	5	5	5	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	0	0	0	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	10	5	0	313,970	167,015	146,955	50	30	25	25	10	20
65 years and over	5	0	5	64,210	24,430	39,780	0	0	5	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	3.0	2.0	5.3	5.4	5.2	13.2	14.0	12.0	8.4	7.0	9.5
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	x	x	x	7.0	8.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x	16.0	25.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	4.0	x	6.2	6.6	5.8	15.6	18.0	13.0	8.5	7.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	4.0	3.3	4.7	x	x	x	10.0	x	16.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	415	200	215	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	475	230	240	495	235	260
In bottom half of the distribution	170	75	90	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	265	130	135	440	210	230
In bottom decile	20	10	5	851,840	407,705	444,140	90	45	40	95	40	55
In second decile	25	5	15	920,490	434,730	485,760	65	30	35	85	40	40
In third decile	40	20	20	969,255	471,650	497,600	50	20	25	100	45	55
In fourth decile	30	10	15	978,345	482,760	495,590	25	15	15	85	45	45
In fifth decile	60	25	35	947,090	473,285	473,810	40	20	20	70	35	35
In top half of the distribution	245	125	120	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	205	100	105	55	30	25
In sixth decile	40	20	25	899,660	454,970	444,690	30	10	20	10	10	0
In seventh decile	35	15	20	837,225	425,400	411,830	5	0	5	10	0	0
In eighth decile	70	35	35	752,410	383,450	368,955	20	15	5	30	15	15
In ninth decile	50	25	30	634,425	325,700	308,730	40	20	20	0	0	0
In top decile	45	25	15	517,725	267,160	250,565	100	50	50	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	415	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	475	...	...	495	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.267	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.494	...	...	0.237	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.354	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.584	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.234	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.416	...	...	0.210	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.4	...	...	6.1	...	...	2.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	470	230	240	495	240	255
English only	30	15	15	445,575	228,840	216,735	110	50	60	5	0	0
French only	65	35	25	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	45	25	20	330	145	185
English and French	315	150	170	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	315	155	160	150	85	60
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	82,075	35,200	46,875	0	0	0	10	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	470	230	240	495	240	255
English	110	55	55	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	230	110	125	15	10	0
French	290	140	150	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	190	100	90	440	200	235
English and French	20	10	10	329,515	169,050	160,465	45	25	25	35	20	15
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	79,000	33,590	45,410	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	470	230	240	495	240	255
Single responses	400	195	210	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	435	215	225	460	220	245
Official languages	345	165	175	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	265	130	135	265	130	140
English	80	40	40	639,365	323,170	316,195	115	55	55	5	5	0
French	265	130	135	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	150	75	75	260	125	135
Non-official languages	55	30	30	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	170	80	90	195	85	105
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	30	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	170	80	90	195	85	105
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	233,220	122,895	110,320	30	20	10	50	25	25
Berber languages	5	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0	15	5	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	204,600	107,735	96,865	25	15	10	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0	198,785	104,765	94,020	25	15	10	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	10	0	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	10	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	30	10	20	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	590	205	385	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	25	10	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	0	0	0	70	30	45
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	0	0	0	60	25	40
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	20	20	595,790	290,670	305,115	50	25	30	60	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	68,295	30,855	37,435	10	0	5	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	67,565	30,570	36,995	10	0	5	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	5	5	5	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	855	380	475	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	101,450	52,780	48,665	15	5	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	15	5	10	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	346,000	167,870	178,130	20	10	10	50	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	90,940	44,080	46,865	5	5	5	20	5	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	5	5	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	177,155	86,490	90,660	10	5	5	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	5	5	0	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0	0	0	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	5	0	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	5	87,540	40,170	47,375	35	10	20	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	5	87,155	39,990	47,160	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	5	57,445	26,210	31,235	25	5	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	5	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	5	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	5	5	308,550	155,455	153,095	40	20	15	30	20	15
English and French	10	5	10	126,405	64,585	61,820	10	5	5	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	15	10	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	94,205	46,880	47,320	5	0	5	20	15	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	5	0	0	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	470	230	240	495	240	255
English	80	35	40	623,305	313,780	309,520	115	55	65	0	5	0
French	245	120	120	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	120	55	60	275	130	140
Non-official language	15	5	5	366,730	177,410	189,315	35	15	20	60	30	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	5	5	343,650	165,830	177,825	35	15	20	60	30	30
English and French	45	20	25	497,380	256,735	240,645	60	35	25	15	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	205,755	102,290	103,470	70	40	35	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	375,795	179,585	196,210	20	15	10	120	55	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	284,940	141,275	143,665	45	20	20	25	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	10	5	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	470	230	240	495	240	255
Single responses	405	195	210	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	420	210	215	445	215	230
Official languages	380	185	200	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	325	155	170	345	170	175
English	105	50	55	874,185	438,570	435,615	165	80	90	10	5	0
French	280	135	145	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	160	85	80	340	165	175
Non-official languages	25	15	10	662,615	322,860	339,750	95	50	45	95	40	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	10	628,365	305,820	322,555	95	50	45	95	40	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	116,685	59,645	57,040	15	10	5	25	10	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	104,890	53,505	51,380	15	10	5	25	10	15
Amharic	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	102,120	52,125	49,990	15	10	5	25	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	320	135	185	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	15	5	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	0	0	0	30	10	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0	30	10	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	10	336,635	164,100	172,535	25	15	10	35	15	20
Albanian	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	39,725	18,855	20,870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	39,575	18,795	20,775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	15	10	5	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	10	5	5	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	182,585	88,060	94,525	5	0	0	30	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	0	0	0	10	5	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	112,915	55,870	57,050	0	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	30	15	20	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	30	15	20	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	5	5	357,245	176,070	181,175	50	25	30	55	30	25
English and French	15	5	5	137,120	69,025	68,095	15	15	5	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	30	10	20	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	116,595	56,445	60,150	5	0	0	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	39,875	19,575	20,300	0	0	0	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	415	200	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	475	230	240	495	240	255
None	340	165	170	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	305	140	160	370	185	190
English	25	15	15	353,690	183,470	170,225	45	30	15	10	5	10
French	15	10	10	259,425	127,380	132,040	35	10	20	40	15	25
Non-official language	15	10	5	269,715	129,830	139,890	50	25	25	60	30	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	5	264,405	127,330	137,070	50	25	25	60	30	30
English and French	0	0	0	61,955	31,425	30,525	15	10	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	76,755	38,765	37,990	15	10	5	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	55,860	26,915	28,945	10	0	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	19,290	9,695	9,595	5	0	5	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	440	225	210	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	490	255	235	515	245	275
Official languages	440	225	210	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	485	255	235	515	240	275
English	375	190	180	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	420	220	200	175	105	75
French	380	195	190	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	400	215	185	515	240	275
Non-official languages	100	55	45	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	235	115	120	290	150	140
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	55	45	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	235	115	120	290	150	140
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	385,210	201,105	184,100	50	25	20	75	40	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	10	0	0	20	15	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	0	363,875	190,005	173,870	45	25	15	70	35	40
Amharic	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	343,675	179,750	163,930	45	25	15	70	35	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	45	20	35	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	45	10	35	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	10	10	0	140	75	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	10	10	0	125	60	60
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0	20	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	45	40	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	85	40	45	70	35	30
Albanian	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	10	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	10	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	10	0	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	10	0	10	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	20	684,830	324,095	360,735	70	40	35	70	35	30
Catalan	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	35	20	10	30	15	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	0	453,905	210,400	243,505	35	15	20	30	20	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	10	0	0	30	20	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	40	10	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	40	10	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	20	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	435	225	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	490	250	235	515	250	270
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	435	225	210	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	485	250	235	515	250	270
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	435	225	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	490	250	235	515	250	270
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	435	225	210	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	490	250	235	515	250	270
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
Owner	120	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	70	...	...	30	...	...
Renter	55	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	145	...	...	165	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	515,590	...	...	0	...	...	35	...	...
Not condominium	170	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	220	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	15	...	...	623,295	...	...	75	...	...	20	...	...
2 bedrooms	40	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	65	...	...	70	...	...
3 bedrooms	75	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	20	...	...	95	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	50	...	...	730,330	...	...	55	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	25	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	120	...	...	80	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	645,635	...	...	25	...	...	70	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	435,225	...	...	0	...	...	35	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	403,225	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	65	...	...	886,180	...	...	45	...	...	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.2	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
One person or fewer per room	175	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	215	...	...	180	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
Suitable	175	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	205	...	...	165	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	142,775	...	...	20	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
1960 or before	135	...	...	879,375	...	...	175	...	...	25	...	...
1961 to 1980	40	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	35	...	...	130	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	509,120	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	385,315	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	165	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	195	...	...	175	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	236,110	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
One-maintainer household	75	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	115	...	...	125	...	...
Two-maintainer household	105	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	85	...	...	45	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	89,875	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	117,525	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	20	...	...	525,540	...	...	60	...	...	20	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	647,165	...	...	35	...	...	30	...	...
45 to 54 years	20	...	...	628,630	...	...	35	...	...	50	...	...
55 to 64 years	50	...	...	760,395	...	...	20	...	...	55	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	629,965	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	336,170	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	103,640	...	...	30	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	175	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	225	...	...	190	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	195	...	...	160	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	30	...	...	595,690	...	...	25	...	...	35	...	...
30% to less than 100%	30	...	...	542,060	...	...	25	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	175	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	901,440	...	...	55	...	...	80	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	537,090	...	...	15	...	...	35	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	112,775	...	...	15	...	...	30	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	179,840	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	140	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	160	...	...	115	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	175	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	220	...	...	195	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	218,275	...	...	0	...	...	40	...	...
Not in core need	165	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	210	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	120	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	75	...	...	30	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.3	...	...	62.2	...	...	40.0	...	...	66.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	10.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,070	...	...	920	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,540	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,800	...	...	1,400	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	1,240,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	150	...	...	165	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	54.5	...	...	25.2	...	...	20.0	...	...	18.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	11.9	...	...	0.0	...	...	24.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...	810	...	...	920	...	...	755	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	886	...	...	1,040	...	...	790	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	440	230	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	490	255	235	520	245	270
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	10	10	203,425	96,595	106,830	10	10	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	10	10	200,985	95,520	105,460	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	420	220	200	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	480	245	235	520	245	270
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	440	230	215	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	490	255	235	520	245	275
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	435	225	215	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	375	200	175	415	200	215
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	50	45	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	60	40	20	115	65	55
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	335	170	165	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	315	160	155	300	135	165
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	518,265	264,490	253,775	115	55	60	100	50	55
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	440	230	215	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	490	255	235	520	245	275
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	360	180	175	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	205	135	70	235	110	125
Immigrants⁸¹	80	45	30	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	245	100	150	235	115	125
Before 1980	20	15	0	187,200	91,895	95,300	45	10	30	20	10	10
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	124,610	61,850	62,755	40	15	25	15	0	15
1991 to 2000	25	10	10	190,495	91,635	98,860	15	10	10	45	30	20
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	312,210	150,825	161,390	60	15	45	40	25	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	0	0	396,090	192,745	203,340	90	50	40	110	45	65
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	193,345	93,485	99,855	55	25	25	85	40	45
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	202,740	99,260	103,480	35	25	15	25	10	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	205,770	113,500	92,275	40	20	15	50	20	25
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	75	45	35	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	250	100	150	230	110	125
Under 5 years	0	0	0	112,295	56,755	55,540	25	20	0	35	15	20
5 to 14 years	15	10	10	201,385	101,555	99,835	50	0	45	35	15	20
15 to 24 years	20	0	10	213,035	96,175	116,860	45	15	30	25	10	20
25 to 44 years	40	30	10	594,845	292,975	301,875	120	50	65	120	60	55
45 years and over	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	10	10	0	15	10	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	75	45	35	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	250	100	150	230	110	125
Americas	15	10	10	264,885	121,740	143,145	25	10	15	95	45	50
Brazil	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	0	0	0	80	40	40
Jamaica	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	45	25	15	309,015	154,110	154,910	90	35	50	25	10	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	15	0	10	93,160	49,870	43,290	55	30	30	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	10	0	10	25	10	20
Netherlands	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	302,010	153,655	148,355	60	30	30	110	55	60
Algeria	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0	70	35	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	20	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	25	10	15	40	25	20
Asia	0	0	0	332,925	158,445	174,475	80	25	50	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	20	0	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	40	15	25	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	202,740	99,265	103,480	35	20	15	20	0	15
Americas	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0	15	0	15
Brazil	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	15	15	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	20	10	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	20	10	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	440	225	210	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	490	250	235	515	245	270
First generation¹⁰⁰	75	45	30	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	295	125	170	285	135	145
Second generation¹⁰¹	60	25	40	883,485	446,000	437,490	115	70	45	120	80	40
Third generation or more¹⁰²	300	160	140	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	80	60	20	115	30	80
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	60	35	30	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	200	85	120	210	100	110
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	40	20	20	559,935	290,040	269,895	160	75	85	105	45	60
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	25	10	15	267,870	161,125	106,740	70	35	30	25	10	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	25	10	10	292,070	128,915	163,155	90	40	50	85	30	55
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10	0	0	272,255	109,735	162,515	40	10	35	60	40	20
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	175,740	89,995	85,740	0	0	0	40	15	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	60	35	30	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	200	85	120	210	100	110
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	0	0	0	15	0	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	94,185	46,445	47,740	25	10	15	10	10	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	35	20	20	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	45	25	20	756,120	358,700	397,420	135	60	75	185	85	95
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	440	225	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	490	250	235	515	250	270
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	25	15	15	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	190	85	110	325	180	145
South Asian	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	35	10	25	0	0	0
Black	20	10	10	422,405	206,335	216,070	25	10	15	260	145	115
Filipino	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	30	10	20	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	280,075	146,990	133,085	35	25	15	55	30	25
Latin American	0	0	0	172,925	85,035	87,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	25	0	20	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	20	10	10	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	410	210	200	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	295	170	125	190	70	130
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	440	230	210	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	490	255	235	520	245	275
Canadian	20	0	10	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	15	15	0	50	20	30
English	55	30	25	177,710	88,910	88,800	20	10	10	0	0	0
Irish	60	40	15	404,190	193,440	210,745	25	0	15	0	0	0
Scottish	40	20	25	192,685	93,120	99,565	10	0	0	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	180	90	90	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	120	70	55	30	10	20
German	20	15	0	124,305	60,295	64,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	60	40	25	316,315	157,600	158,720	40	20	15	30	15	15
Indian (India)	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	15	0	10	0	0	0
Québécois	45	25	20	931,940	465,630	466,305	20	15	0	25	0	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	45	15	30	0	0	0
French Canadian	45	30	15	588,805	290,630	298,180	15	0	0	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	25	15	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	0	10	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	20	15	10	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0	20	15	0
Jewish	20	10	10	57,320	29,015	28,305	45	25	15	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	10	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	30	10	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	25	15	0	165	90	80
Hindu	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	20	15	10	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	35	0	30	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	10	10	0	45	20	25
Albanian	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	15	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	20	10	10	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0	35	20	15
Saulteaux	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	435	225	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	485	255	235	515	250	270
Buddhist	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Christian	250	125	130	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	160	70	85	365	190	175
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15	0	10	464,020	229,155	234,860	25	10	15	115	70	50
Anabaptist	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	195	100	90	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	90	45	40	200	95	100
Christian Orthodox	25	10	15	145,805	70,840	74,965	15	10	0	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0	25	10	15
Presbyterian	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	10	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	25	0	20	25	20	10
Hindu	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	15	10	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	85	50	35	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	421,710	218,255	203,455	65	40	30	105	45	60
Sikh	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	160	95	70	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	165	90	70	50	10	35
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	425	225	205	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	485	255	235	510	245	265
Non-movers	390	205	185	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	380	190	200	435	210	225
Movers	35	15	15	945,290	466,750	478,540	105	65	40	75	30	45
Non-migrants	35	15	15	543,670	268,740	274,925	55	25	30	55	20	35
Migrants	0	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	50	40	10	25	10	10
Internal migrants	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	20	20	0	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	15	15	0	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	30	20	10	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	405	210	195	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	475	245	230	500	240	255
Non-movers	250	125	120	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	250	110	135	290	150	140
Movers	155	85	70	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	225	135	95	210	95	115
Non-migrants	115	65	50	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	100	60	35	115	55	60
Migrants	40	20	20	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	125	65	55	95	40	55
Internal migrants	40	20	20	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	65	40	25	25	15	15
Intraprovincial migrants	40	20	20	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	30	15	15	10	0	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	35	25	15	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	320,090	166,115	153,975	60	30	30	70	30	40
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	345	175	170	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	430	215	215	405	185	215
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10	10	0	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	25	20	0	150	65	90
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	335	170	160	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	405	195	210	245	120	125
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	255	125	125	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	295	165	130	285	130	150
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	642,800	382,415	260,380	0	0	0	100	45	55
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	245	120	125	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	285	155	130	185	85	95
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	350	175	165	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	430	210	210	400	190	215
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	0	0	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	15	10	0	120	40	75
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	50	20	30	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	60	25	35	85	40	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	285	155	135	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	350	180	175	195	110	90
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	150	85	65	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	160	80	80	150	85	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	55	45	10	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	30	20	15	60	35	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	30	10	793,030	427,220	365,815	20	10	10	50	35	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	20	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	10	0	0	10	0	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	30	35	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	110	45	65	70	40	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	0	20	252,815	102,150	150,665	20	15	0	25	15	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	140	70	70	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	190	105	90	40	15	25
Bachelor's degree	75	50	30	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	85	45	35	30	15	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	15	15	149,425	66,595	82,825	25	0	15	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	10	10	360,795	174,150	186,645	65	35	25	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	20	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	255	125	125	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	290	160	130	280	130	150
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	525,155	303,815	221,345	0	0	0	70	30	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20	10	15	752,855	388,160	364,700	30	20	10	50	20	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	225	115	115	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	260	145	120	160	80	75
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	55	50	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	100	55	45	130	70	60
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	25	10	836,455	498,385	338,075	25	10	15	50	30	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	10	10	609,895	319,470	290,425	15	0	10	45	25	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	0	0	0	10	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	25	30	838,140	372,455	465,685	60	35	25	50	25	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	174,695	72,115	102,580	15	10	0	30	15	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	120	55	60	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	165	90	75	25	10	20
Bachelor's degree	65	40	25	802,755	343,100	459,650	70	40	30	20	10	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	25	10	10	119,460	50,155	69,310	20	0	15	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	20	10	10	302,065	140,530	161,530	55	30	20	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	15	15	0	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	345	175	170	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	425	215	215	400	185	210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55	25	35	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	75	35	40	205	80	125
Education	15	0	10	292,470	65,830	226,640	35	0	35	20	0	20
13. Education	15	0	10	292,470	65,830	226,640	35	0	35	20	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	166,900	75,420	91,480	30	10	15	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	143,365	58,875	84,490	30	10	15	10	0	0
Humanities	15	10	0	228,770	90,810	137,960	45	15	25	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	15	0	10	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	10	0	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	10	10	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	20	0	430,845	142,280	288,570	25	20	0	15	0	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	10	10	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	10	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	0	0	0	15	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	10	0	134,510	67,065	67,440	10	0	0	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	65	40	25	950,820	357,290	593,535	85	55	25	35	20	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	40	25	894,690	344,770	549,925	85	55	25	30	20	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	10	158,655	83,605	75,050	10	0	10	20	20	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0	15	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	25	10	177,780	124,955	52,825	35	30	0	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	20	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	20	20	0	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	35	0	866,885	778,835	88,060	35	30	0	45	40	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	10	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	20	10	0	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	10	10	0	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	55	0	55	515,215	101,455	413,760	55	15	35	35	10	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	0	50	470,150	78,875	391,275	55	15	35	35	10	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	10	0	0	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	10	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	0	0	0	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	250	125	130	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	290	160	130	280	130	155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30	10	15	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	30	15	10	120	50	75
Education	10	0	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	15	0	0	25	0	25
13. Education	10	0	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	15	0	0	25	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	129,065	58,170	70,895	20	10	10	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	110,860	45,555	65,305	20	10	10	10	0	0
Humanities	10	0	0	144,140	56,410	87,730	30	10	20	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	10	0	10	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	10	0	334,475	103,635	230,840	20	15	0	10	0	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	10	10	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	0	0	0	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	10	0	0	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	55	30	25	741,390	268,705	472,685	60	30	25	25	15	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	30	25	697,775	259,725	438,045	60	30	25	25	15	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	10	102,055	53,195	48,865	10	0	0	10	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	20	10	147,350	104,880	42,465	35	25	0	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	15	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	20	20	0	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	30	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	30	20	0	35	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	15	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	20	15	0	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	0	45	387,725	74,730	312,995	45	10	30	30	10	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	0	40	352,905	58,735	294,170	45	10	30	30	10	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	0	0	0	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	0	0	0	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	250	125	130	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	290	160	130	280	130	155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30	10	15	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	30	15	10	120	50	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	225	110	110	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	265	145	120	160	85	80
Location of study inside Canada	195	100	100	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	150	90	55	110	45	60
Same as province or territory of residence	190	90	100	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	120	70	55	105	45	60
Different than province or territory of residence	10	10	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	30	20	0	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	25	15	15	414,490	209,160	205,330	115	55	60	50	35	20
Americas	0	0	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	0	0	0	15	0	10
United States of America	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	25	10	10	138,260	74,045	64,210	65	30	35	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	60	30	30	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	10	10	0	35	30	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0	25	20	0
Morocco	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0	15	10	0
Asia	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	40	15	25	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	25	10	15	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	350	175	165	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	430	210	210	400	190	215
In the labour force	215	105	105	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	285	150	135	270	130	140
Employed	195	90	105	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	255	135	120	260	125	130
Unemployed	20	15	0	335,015	176,245	158,775	30	15	15	10	0	10
Not in the labour force	130	70	60	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	145	65	80	130	50	75
Participation rate	61.4	60.0	63.6	64.1	67.4	60.9	66.3	71.4	64.3	67.5	68.4	65.1
Employment rate	55.7	51.4	63.6	59.3	62.3	56.3	59.3	64.3	57.1	65.0	65.8	60.5
Unemployment rate	9.3	14.3	0.0	7.6	7.7	7.4	10.5	10.0	11.1	3.7	0.0	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	345	175	170	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	425	215	215	400	185	210
Did not work¹⁸⁶	100	50	50	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	120	55	70	130	70	60
Worked	245	125	120	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	305	160	145	270	115	155
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	130	60	70	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	125	70	55	135	60	70
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	115	70	50	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	180	85	90	140	50	85
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.6	42.8	44.4	41.3	41.7	40.8	33.0	33.2	32.8	39.0	41.6	37.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	215	110	110	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	280	145	135	270	130	140
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	0	10	0	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	215	110	110	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	275	145	135	255	125	130
Employee	165	85	75	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	245	125	115	245	115	130
Permanent position	155	80	70	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	205	110	90	205	100	110
Temporary position	15	0	0	623,510	296,655	326,850	40	20	20	40	20	20
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	217,905	94,210	123,700	20	10	0	20	10	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	0	0	0	405,605	202,450	203,155	20	0	15	20	15	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	50	20	35	530,720	324,555	206,165	30	15	15	10	10	0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	215	110	110	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	280	145	135	270	130	140
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	0	10	0	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	215	110	110	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	275	145	135	255	125	130
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	10	10	0	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	15	25	778,905	256,150	522,760	75	30	40	50	30	20
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	10	0	360,495	272,510	87,985	25	15	0	20	20	0
3 Health occupations	40	0	40	359,665	70,075	289,590	25	0	15	30	10	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	0	0	558,725	166,020	392,700	45	20	25	40	0	40
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20	10	10	146,560	72,400	74,165	10	0	10	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	35	15	20	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	75	45	25	55	30	25
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	45	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	10	10	0	35	35	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	0	0	0	25	0	15
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	215	110	110	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	280	145	135	270	130	140
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	0	10	0	10
All industries¹⁹¹	215	110	110	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	275	145	135	255	125	130
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	25	20	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	10	10	0	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	25	25	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	20	20	0	40	25	15
41 Wholesale trade	15	0	15	147,340	96,670	50,670	10	10	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	15	0	10	514,090	248,905	265,185	35	25	15	35	25	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	15	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	0	0	0	15	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	0	10	94,130	57,495	36,630	15	10	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	15	0	0	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	0	10	345,345	193,365	151,985	40	25	15	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	15	0	10	15	0	15
61 Educational services	0	0	0	340,885	104,300	236,590	30	10	25	45	10	35
62 Health care and social assistance	45	0	45	617,200	122,675	494,525	20	10	10	50	15	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	20	0	15	10	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	190,470	89,730	100,735	35	15	20	0	0	0
91 Public administration	10	0	10	290,765	144,705	146,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	250	125	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	315	170	150	295	130	160
English	30	20	10	350,525	195,385	155,145	55	25	35	0	0	0
French	100	45	60	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	95	30	65	235	105	130
Non-official language	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	110	60	50	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	160	110	50	45	15	25
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	250	125	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	315	170	150	295	130	160
Single responses	225	115	115	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	280	145	130	290	130	155
Official languages	225	115	115	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	280	145	130	290	130	155
English	65	35	30	668,485	365,785	302,695	115	70	50	0	0	0
French	160	75	85	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	155	75	85	290	130	155
Non-official languages	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	10	269,365	142,370	126,995	40	20	20	0	0	0
English and French	25	15	10	249,945	132,640	117,300	40	20	20	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	250	125	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	315	170	150	295	130	160
None	155	75	85	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	195	80	115	240	105	135
English	60	35	25	720,960	391,075	329,885	60	40	20	40	15	25
French	30	15	15	302,145	161,340	140,805	55	40	15	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	195	90	105	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	255	135	125	260	125	135
Worked at home	65	30	35	897,770	435,285	462,480	75	35	40	10	0	0
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	20	15	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	25	20	10	35	25	10
Usual place of work	110	40	65	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	155	80	75	210	100	110
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	110	40	65	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	155	80	75	210	100	115
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	70	25	50	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	140	75	65	180	90	90
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	10	15	419,210	203,335	215,875	15	0	10	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	10	0	823,150	442,385	380,765	0	0	0	30	10	25
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	130	60	70	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	185	95	90	250	120	125
Car, truck or van	110	60	50	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	65	50	10	150	70	80
Car, truck or van - as a driver	110	60	50	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	60	50	10	140	65	75
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	0	0	0	10	0	0
Public transit	10	0	10	287,345	120,460	166,885	80	35	45	85	45	40
Walked	0	0	0	178,645	78,570	100,075	20	10	20	10	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	130	60	70	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	185	95	90	250	120	125
Less than 15 minutes	20	15	10	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	25	15	10	30	0	25
15 to 29 minutes	55	30	30	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	80	50	35	85	40	45
30 to 44 minutes	45	20	25	635,870	363,430	272,445	45	20	25	65	55	15
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	25	15	10	25	15	15
60 minutes and over	10	0	10	206,480	126,635	79,840	0	0	0	40	10	30
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	130	60	70	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	185	95	90	250	120	125
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	10	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	10	10	0	25	15	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20	0	10	569,745	368,480	201,265	20	15	10	65	20	35
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	10	30	935,640	441,465	494,170	40	25	15	55	30	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	10	15	626,895	259,220	367,675	40	15	30	20	10	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	0	0	0	330,930	142,495	188,435	45	20	25	30	15	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25	15	10	489,685	284,160	205,530	25	15	0	50	30	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	90	45	50	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	75	40	35	145	70	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	10	303,835	156,030	147,805	30	15	15	20	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	35	40	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	45	25	20	125	60	60
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	65	30	30	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	55	25	25	110	55	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	5	230,080	118,075	112,005	25	10	15	15	10	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	175,305	90,000	85,305	20	5	10	10	10	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	5	5	54,775	28,070	26,700	10	5	0	5	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	25	30	992,895	508,315	484,580	25	15	15	90	40	50

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not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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