Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662067More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662774More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	0	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	761	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	0	...	...	976,966	...	...	367	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	0	...	...	910,359	...	...	350	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	0.0	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	24,627.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.87	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.03	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	x	x	x	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	760	390	365
0 to 14 years	x	x	x	309,765	158,545	151,225	165	85	85
0 to 4 years	x	x	x	99,195	50,760	48,435	70	35	40
5 to 9 years	x	x	x	106,985	54,660	52,320	55	25	25
10 to 14 years	x	x	x	103,590	53,120	50,470	40	20	15
15 to 64 years	x	x	x	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	500	265	240
15 to 19 years	x	x	x	97,525	49,340	48,180	35	25	15
20 to 24 years	x	x	x	140,025	70,895	69,125	55	25	30
25 to 29 years	x	x	x	165,525	83,630	81,895	55	25	30
30 to 34 years	x	x	x	157,725	78,995	78,730	60	30	25
35 to 39 years	x	x	x	149,265	74,115	75,155	70	35	30
40 to 44 years	x	x	x	142,365	70,920	71,445	60	35	20
45 to 49 years	x	x	x	125,505	62,690	62,815	40	25	20
50 to 54 years	x	x	x	121,710	61,735	59,975	40	20	20
55 to 59 years	x	x	x	125,465	63,810	61,655	55	30	30
60 to 64 years	x	x	x	118,065	57,920	60,140	35	20	15
65 years and over	x	x	x	351,325	151,210	200,120	95	50	50
65 to 69 years	x	x	x	99,325	46,730	52,595	35	15	15
70 to 74 years	x	x	x	86,030	39,185	46,845	25	10	15
75 to 79 years	x	x	x	63,215	27,320	35,895	15	10	10
80 to 84 years	x	x	x	46,875	18,960	27,915	15	5	5
85 years and over	x	x	x	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	0
85 to 89 years	x	x	x	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	0	0
90 to 94 years	x	x	x	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	x	x	x	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	x	x	x	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	x	x	x	15.5	16.1	14.8	21.7	21.8	23.3
15 to 64 years	x	x	x	67.0	68.5	65.6	65.8	67.9	65.8
65 years and over	x	x	x	17.5	15.4	19.6	12.5	12.8	13.7
85 years and over	x	x	x	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.7	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	x	x	x	41.0	39.8	42.1	36.2	36.2	36.3
Median age of the population	x	x	x	39.6	38.4	40.4	35.6	35.6	34.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
Single-detached house	x	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	x	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	x	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	x	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	x	...	...	479,885	...	...	350	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	x	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	x	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	x	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	x	...	...	910,355	...	...	350	...	...
1 person	x	...	...	367,400	...	...	135	...	...
2 persons	x	...	...	271,730	...	...	120	...	...
3 persons	x	...	...	118,205	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	x	...	...	98,205	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	x	...	...	54,820	...	...	25	...	...
Number of persons in private households	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	760	390	365
Average household size	x	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	x	x	x	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	595	310	285
Married or living common-law	x	x	x	822,440	414,330	408,115	205	105	95
Married	x	x	x	577,060	289,455	287,600	160	80	75
Living common-law	x	x	x	245,385	124,870	120,510	45	25	25
Living common law - Never married	x	x	x	207,040	104,785	102,250	40	20	20
Living common law - Separated	x	x	x	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	x	x	x	32,295	16,915	15,380	5	0	5
Living common law - Widowed	x	x	x	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	x	x	x	872,060	410,935	461,125	390	200	185
Not married and not living common law - Never married	x	x	x	627,845	333,150	294,700	270	150	120
Not married and not living common law - Separated	x	x	x	34,795	14,820	19,975	20	10	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	x	x	x	126,605	46,380	80,225	75	35	45
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	x	x	x	82,815	16,590	66,225	25	5	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	x	...	...	495,445	...	...	175	...	...
2 persons	x	...	...	251,075	...	...	90	...	...
3 persons	x	...	...	107,265	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	x	...	...	93,300	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	x	...	...	43,810	...	...	25	...	...
Average size of census families	x	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	x	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	495,445	...	...	175	...	...
Total couple families	x	...	...	395,645	...	...	90	...	...
Married couples	x	...	...	273,070	...	...	70	...	...
With children⁶	x	...	...	162,745	...	...	35	...	...
Without children	x	...	...	110,325	...	...	30	...	...
Common-law couples	x	...	...	122,570	...	...	25	...	...
With children⁶	x	...	...	44,875	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	x	...	...	77,700	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	x	...	...	99,805	...	...	85	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	x	...	...	80,530	...	...	65	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	x	...	...	19,275	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	760	395	365
Total - Persons in census families	x	x	x	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	515	245	270
Married spouses or common-law partners	x	x	x	791,280	398,495	392,785	180	90	90
Parents in one-parent families	x	x	x	99,805	19,275	80,525	85	20	65
Children⁶	x	x	x	541,905	284,935	256,965	250	135	115
In a two-parent family	x	x	x	392,250	205,155	187,095	115	60	55
In a one-parent family	x	x	x	149,655	79,785	69,865	135	75	60
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	x	x	x	526,370	262,915	263,450	245	145	95
Living alone	x	x	x	367,395	175,660	191,740	130	70	60
Living with other relatives⁷	x	x	x	49,280	22,020	27,255	30	25	10
Living with non-relatives only	x	x	x	109,690	65,235	44,455	85	60	25
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	x	...	...	455,970	...	...	160	...	...
Couple-family households	x	...	...	370,250	...	...	85	...	...
With children⁶	x	...	...	194,165	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	x	...	...	176,085	...	...	30	...	...
One-parent-family households	x	...	...	85,720	...	...	70	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	x	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	x	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	x	...	...	16,550	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	x	...	...	55,210	...	...	45	...	...
One-person households	x	...	...	367,395	...	...	130	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	595	310	285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	570	295	275
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	37,600	39,600	36,000	30,600	32,800	28,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	570	295	275
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	34,000	35,200	32,800	28,200	29,200	26,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	415	230	185
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	31,000	35,200	27,000	25,200	29,200	19,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	385	215	165
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	32,800	36,000	29,600	25,600	30,000	21,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	545	275	265
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	10,800	9,600	12,000	11,500	9,800	14,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	171,705	84,570	87,145	85	40	45
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,480	5,080	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	x	x	x	529,640	276,110	253,530	240	130	110
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,500	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	x	x	x	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	635	325	310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	605	300	300
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	53,250	60,050	46,760	34,200	36,000	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	605	300	300
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	42,520	46,280	38,960	30,500	31,600	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	450	255	190
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	48,960	57,350	40,640	28,500	29,200	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	405	225	180
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	48,760	55,650	41,480	28,600	29,400	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	570	280	290
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	12,040	10,900	13,040	13,550	12,000	15,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	171,360	84,435	86,925	100	50	55
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	6,840	6,065	7,590	7,300	6,000	8,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	528,305	276,300	252,005	260	145	120
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,300	9,400	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	325	315
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	x	x	x	514,340	278,505	235,830	180	125	55
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	x	x	x	60,000	63,600	56,000	37,200	37,200	46,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	x	x	x	78,700	88,300	67,400	39,200	37,000	44,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	x	x	x	504,455	247,565	256,895	155	65	90
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	x	x	x	16,400	17,400	15,500	16,200	19,000	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	x	x	x	26,920	29,400	24,520	17,600	16,500	18,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	x	x	x	81.2	85.6	75.6	62.4	69.0	55.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	x	x	x	66.8	71.0	61.3	56.4	61.0	51.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	x	x	x	18.9	14.4	24.4	37.6	30.8	45.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	1.4	1.1	1.7	3.6	2.6	4.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	x	x	x	6.4	5.9	7.0	13.4	13.8	13.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	x	x	x	5.7	5.4	6.0	11.8	12.4	10.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	595	310	285
Without total income	x	x	x	65,020	32,205	32,820	25	15	10
With total income	x	x	x	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	570	295	275
Under $10,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	138,250	65,670	72,580	70	30	35
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	200,450	93,060	107,390	90	40	50
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	286,825	131,235	155,595	120	60	60
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	215,455	102,705	112,755	110	55	55
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	181,505	86,460	95,040	95	60	35
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	138,185	64,805	73,380	30	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	100,060	48,510	51,550	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	74,165	37,625	36,540	10	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	58,400	30,060	28,335	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	42,240	22,360	19,875	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	149,555	92,680	56,875	10	5	5
$100,000 to $149,999	x	x	x	90,980	53,275	37,705	10	5	5
$150,000 and over	x	x	x	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	595	310	285
Without after-tax income	x	x	x	64,605	32,005	32,605	25	15	10
With after-tax income	x	x	x	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	570	295	275
Under $10,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	144,275	67,955	76,320	70	30	35
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	210,975	98,495	112,480	95	40	50
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	334,395	155,845	178,545	145	75	70
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	257,145	124,835	132,315	135	75	60
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	204,980	97,805	107,175	70	45	25
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	139,760	67,315	72,450	25	10	15
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	93,705	46,700	47,005	10	0	5
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	61,765	31,815	29,945	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	73,695	48,025	25,665	5	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	x	x	x	33,165	20,265	12,905	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	x	x	x	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	595	310	285
Without employment income	x	x	x	495,060	212,405	282,660	215	95	120
With employment income	x	x	x	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	380	215	165
Under $5,000 (including loss)	x	x	x	167,560	82,405	85,155	45	15	25
$5,000 to $9,999	x	x	x	111,575	52,975	58,595	50	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	x	x	x	151,350	72,815	78,530	55	25	25
$20,000 to $29,999	x	x	x	116,030	56,295	59,730	70	40	35
$30,000 to $39,999	x	x	x	108,120	55,225	52,890	65	50	20
$40,000 to $49,999	x	x	x	104,250	51,950	52,300	50	30	15
$50,000 to $59,999	x	x	x	84,485	42,940	41,540	20	15	10
$60,000 to $69,999	x	x	x	66,190	35,045	31,145	10	0	5
$70,000 to $79,999	x	x	x	52,585	28,500	24,080	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	x	x	x	46,000	24,150	21,850	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	x	x	x	31,345	18,120	13,230	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	x	x	x	115,575	74,545	41,030	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	x	x	x	47,525	28,870	18,655	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	x	x	x	68,050	45,675	22,375	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	595	310	285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	x	x	x	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	530	275	260
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	34,000	36,400	31,800	24,000	27,000	22,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	x	x	x	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	530	275	260
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	31,000	32,800	29,400	23,200	25,000	21,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	x	x	x	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	385	205	175
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	32,000	36,000	28,200	26,200	28,400	21,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	x	x	x	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	350	195	155
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	33,600	36,800	30,400	26,800	28,400	22,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	x	x	x	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	500	250	250
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	4,440	2,760	7,300	6,120	3,640	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	x	x	x	114,940	56,080	58,855	50	30	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	5,440	5,040	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	x	x	x	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	635	325	310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	585	290	295
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	50,000	57,050	43,280	27,500	29,000	26,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	585	290	295
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	39,800	43,800	35,920	25,000	26,000	24,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	445	235	210
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	49,080	57,750	40,560	25,900	28,200	23,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	395	210	185
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	48,720	55,750	41,240	27,400	29,600	24,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	530	250	275
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	8,250	6,740	9,510	8,480	6,900	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	x	x	x	114,595	55,675	58,915	50	20	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	7,510	5,990	8,940	5,600	6,800	4,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	325	315
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	x	x	x	507,645	274,575	233,070	185	120	60
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	x	x	x	54,400	58,400	50,400	30,800	36,400	30,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	x	x	x	72,500	82,100	61,050	33,200	34,000	32,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	x	x	x	462,020	227,495	234,530	135	65	75
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	x	x	x	21,800	23,200	20,400	19,600	17,800	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	x	x	x	32,320	35,520	29,240	22,800	23,000	22,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	x	x	x	87.2	91.4	81.8	72.0	80.0	64.0
Employment income (%)	x	x	x	71.8	75.8	66.6	67.5	74.0	60.0
Government transfers (%)	x	x	x	12.8	8.6	18.2	27.8	20.4	36.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	x	...	...	910,355	...	...	350	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	66,000	...	...	46,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	58,000	...	...	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	x	...	...	367,395	...	...	130	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	38,000	...	...	32,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	34,000	...	...	30,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	x	...	...	542,960	...	...	215	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	92,000	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	80,000	...	...	52,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	92,700	...	...	58,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	74,100	...	...	52,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	367,255	...	...	130	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	49,760	...	...	40,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	40,640	...	...	34,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	543,100	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	121,800	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	96,700	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	x	...	...	910,355	...	...	350	...	...
Under $5,000	x	...	...	18,165	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	x	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	x	...	...	17,665	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	x	...	...	25,730	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	x	...	...	57,720	...	...	35	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	x	...	...	41,160	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	x	...	...	40,595	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	x	...	...	41,545	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	x	...	...	42,630	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	x	...	...	40,980	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	x	...	...	75,485	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	x	...	...	67,695	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	x	...	...	60,495	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	x	...	...	54,055	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	x	...	...	45,830	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	x	...	...	270,265	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	x	...	...	85,635	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	x	...	...	56,205	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	x	...	...	62,095	...	...	0	...	...
$200,000 and over	x	...	...	66,335	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	x	...	...	910,355	...	...	350	...	...
Under $5,000	x	...	...	19,710	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	x	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	x	...	...	17,965	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	x	...	...	27,485	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	x	...	...	63,030	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	x	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	x	...	...	48,815	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	x	...	...	51,055	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	x	...	...	50,890	...	...	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	x	...	...	47,120	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	x	...	...	85,490	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	x	...	...	75,625	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	x	...	...	65,530	...	...	40	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	x	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	x	...	...	45,065	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	x	...	...	197,490	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	x	...	...	78,870	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	x	...	...	45,905	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 and over	x	...	...	72,715	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	x	...	...	501,830	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	94,000	...	...	56,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	82,000	...	...	51,200	...	...
Average family size of economic families	x	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	179,195	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	88,000	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	x	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	208,260	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	119,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	102,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	x	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	x	...	...	95,875	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	65,500	...	...	48,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	59,600	...	...	46,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	x	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	x	x	x	477,085	240,895	236,195	215	130	85
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	x	x	34,400	34,800	34,000	31,400	32,400	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	x	x	31,200	31,200	31,200	28,600	29,000	28,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	x	...	...	501,905	...	...	190	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	125,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	98,700	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	179,455	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	116,700	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	91,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	208,375	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	157,200	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	122,300	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	x	...	...	95,455	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	78,200	...	...	50,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	67,100	...	...	47,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	x	x	x	476,520	240,280	236,245	205	110	100
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	x	x	45,520	46,520	44,560	38,000	39,000	36,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	x	x	x	37,600	37,920	37,280	32,800	33,500	32,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	760	395	365
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	365,020	186,710	178,315	185	100	85
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	120,615	61,615	58,995	85	40	45
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	480	250	230
65 years and over	x	x	x	317,425	140,270	177,155	95	45	45
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	x	x	x	321,885	154,370	167,510	265	125	140
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	54,265	27,870	26,395	80	40	40
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	18,760	9,545	9,215	35	15	20
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	197,020	99,310	97,710	145	65	85
65 years and over	x	x	x	70,600	27,185	43,415	40	20	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	x	x	x	16.4	16.0	16.9	35.2	32.0	38.5
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	44.0	44.0	44.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	40.0	45.0	40.0
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	15.4	15.6	15.3	30.4	26.0	35.5
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	22.2	19.4	24.5	42.0	44.0	40.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	760	395	365
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	365,025	186,705	178,315	185	95	90
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	120,610	61,615	58,995	85	40	45
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	485	250	230
65 years and over	x	x	x	317,425	140,265	177,155	95	45	50
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	x	x	x	213,720	108,905	104,815	155	75	80
0 to 17 years	x	x	x	29,585	15,165	14,425	35	15	20
0 to 5 years	x	x	x	9,970	5,080	4,890	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	x	x	x	153,385	81,765	71,620	100	50	50
65 years and over	x	x	x	30,745	11,975	18,775	20	10	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	10.9	11.3	10.6	20.8	20.0	22.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	20.0	18.0	24.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	20.0	16.0	24.0
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	12.0	12.8	11.2	20.8	20.0	21.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	22.0	20.0	24.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	760	390	365
In bottom half of the distribution	x	x	x	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	690	360	335
In bottom decile	x	x	x	298,540	147,890	150,655	240	120	120
In second decile	x	x	x	244,435	115,985	128,450	150	75	75
In third decile	x	x	x	240,895	116,550	124,345	155	85	70
In fourth decile	x	x	x	218,125	105,885	112,240	85	45	40
In fifth decile	x	x	x	194,765	95,185	99,580	55	30	25
In top half of the distribution	x	x	x	762,590	384,140	378,450	70	35	35
In sixth decile	x	x	x	172,200	85,100	87,095	20	10	10
In seventh decile	x	x	x	156,540	78,290	78,250	30	15	15
In eighth decile	x	x	x	144,120	72,600	71,525	15	10	5
In ninth decile	x	x	x	134,265	68,285	65,980	0	0	0
In top decile	x	x	x	155,465	79,870	75,595	10	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	x	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	760	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	x	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.278	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	x	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.479	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	x	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.251	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	x	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	760	395	365
English only	x	x	x	262,290	133,690	128,600	15	5	10
French only	x	x	x	486,845	221,005	265,840	465	235	230
English and French	x	x	x	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	260	140	115
Neither English nor French	x	x	x	45,860	18,340	27,520	25	10	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	760	395	365
English	x	x	x	605,220	303,380	301,835	55	25	30
French	x	x	x	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	625	325	295
English and French	x	x	x	173,785	88,480	85,300	65	30	35
Neither English nor French	x	x	x	44,430	17,640	26,790	20	10	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	760	395	365
Single responses	x	x	x	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	690	360	325
Official languages	x	x	x	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	350	190	165
English	x	x	x	322,315	162,085	160,230	40	20	20
French	x	x	x	870,975	428,435	442,540	315	165	145
Non-official languages	x	x	x	643,275	311,525	331,750	340	175	165
Indigenous languages³⁹	x	x	x	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	x	x	x	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	x	x	x	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	x	x	x	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	x	x	x	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	x	x	x	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	x	x	x	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	x	x	x	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	x	x	x	642,820	311,370	331,445	340	175	165
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	129,195	68,395	60,805	35	20	15
Berber languages	x	x	x	15,675	8,420	7,250	10	5	5
Kabyle	x	x	x	14,510	7,750	6,760	10	5	5
Tamazight	x	x	x	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	x	x	x	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	x	x	x	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	x	x	x	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	x	x	x	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	112,200	59,320	52,880	25	20	10
Amharic	x	x	x	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	x	x	x	107,605	56,960	50,645	25	20	10
Aramaic languages	x	x	x	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	x	x	x	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	x	x	x	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	x	x	x	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	x	x	x	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	x	x	x	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	x	x	x	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	x	x	x	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	x	x	x	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	x	x	x	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	x	x	x	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	x	x	x	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	37,690	16,985	20,705	160	80	80
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	27,565	12,185	15,375	70	35	40
Jamaican English Creole	x	x	x	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	x	x	x	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	x	x	x	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	x	x	x	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	8,705	4,110	4,595	90	45	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	x	x	x	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	x	x	x	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	x	x	x	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	x	x	x	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	329,415	158,980	170,435	75	40	40
Albanian	x	x	x	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	x	x	x	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	37,235	16,405	20,835	0	0	0
Baltic languages	x	x	x	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	x	x	x	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	x	x	x	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	x	x	x	36,800	16,245	20,555	0	0	0
Belarusian	x	x	x	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	x	x	x	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	x	x	x	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	x	x	x	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	x	x	x	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	x	x	x	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	x	x	x	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	x	x	x	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	x	x	x	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	x	x	x	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	x	x	x	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	x	x	x	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	x	x	x	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	x	x	x	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	x	x	x	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	x	x	x	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	x	x	x	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	x	x	x	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	x	x	x	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	68,600	36,145	32,455	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	x	x	x	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	x	x	x	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	x	x	x	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	x	x	x	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	x	x	x	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	x	x	x	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	x	x	x	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	x	x	x	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	x	x	x	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	x	x	x	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	x	x	x	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	x	x	x	20,550	10,275	10,275	5	0	5
Baluchi	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	x	x	x	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	x	x	x	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	x	x	x	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	x	x	x	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	x	x	x	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	x	x	x	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	x	x	x	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	183,755	87,295	96,460	70	40	35
Catalan	x	x	x	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	x	x	x	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	5	0
Portuguese	x	x	x	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	x	x	x	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	x	x	x	85,395	41,150	44,250	65	35	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	13,775	6,870	6,905	55	25	25
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	x	x	x	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	x	x	x	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	x	x	x	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	1,715	770	945	25	15	10
Luba-Kasai	x	x	x	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	x	x	x	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	x	x	x	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	x	x	x	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	1,355	615	740	10	5	5
Shona	x	x	x	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	x	x	x	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	x	x	x	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	x	x	x	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	x	x	x	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	2,125	1,105	1,020	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	x	x	x	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	x	x	x	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	x	x	x	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	x	x	x	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	x	x	x	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	x	x	x	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	x	x	x	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	x	x	x	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	x	x	x	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	x	x	x	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	x	x	x	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	x	x	x	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	x	x	x	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	x	x	x	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	x	x	x	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	x	x	x	143,450	71,980	71,470	75	35	40
English and French	x	x	x	42,695	21,750	20,940	20	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	32,265	15,955	16,310	10	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	47,185	23,615	23,570	50	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	x	x	x	5,625	2,630	3,000	5	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	760	395	365
English	x	x	x	340,470	170,050	170,425	30	15	15
French	x	x	x	779,125	383,000	396,125	310	170	140
Non-official language	x	x	x	204,395	96,705	107,690	145	65	75
Indigenous³⁹	x	x	x	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	x	x	x	204,315	96,670	107,645	145	65	75
English and French	x	x	x	173,135	89,205	83,935	35	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	135,390	66,995	68,400	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	180,900	85,935	94,965	190	100	95
English, French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	154,470	76,450	78,020	40	25	15
Multiple non-official languages	x	x	x	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	760	395	365
Single responses	x	x	x	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	665	345	315
Official languages	x	x	x	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	440	235	205
English	x	x	x	479,850	239,270	240,580	50	20	25
French	x	x	x	956,130	471,155	484,975	395	215	180
Non-official languages	x	x	x	370,290	177,955	192,335	225	110	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	x	x	x	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	x	x	x	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	x	x	x	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	x	x	x	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	x	x	x	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	x	x	x	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	x	x	x	370,125	177,895	192,235	225	110	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	66,095	34,080	32,015	25	15	10
Berber languages	x	x	x	6,870	3,680	3,190	10	5	5
Kabyle	x	x	x	6,385	3,420	2,965	10	5	5
Tamazight	x	x	x	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	x	x	x	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	x	x	x	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	x	x	x	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	x	x	x	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	x	x	x	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	58,585	30,100	28,490	15	5	5
Amharic	x	x	x	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	x	x	x	56,520	29,075	27,445	15	5	5
Aramaic languages	x	x	x	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	x	x	x	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	x	x	x	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	17,355	8,030	9,325	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	14,425	6,710	7,720	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	x	x	x	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	x	x	x	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	x	x	x	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	x	x	x	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	x	x	x	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	x	x	x	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	x	x	x	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	x	x	x	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	17,685	7,840	9,845	100	50	55
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	12,780	5,515	7,265	40	20	15
Jamaican English Creole	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	x	x	x	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	x	x	x	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	4,210	1,990	2,220	65	25	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	x	x	x	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	x	x	x	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	x	x	x	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	x	x	x	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	188,550	90,370	98,185	60	30	30
Albanian	x	x	x	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	x	x	x	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	x	x	x	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	x	x	x	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	x	x	x	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	x	x	x	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	x	x	x	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	x	x	x	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	x	x	x	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	x	x	x	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	x	x	x	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	x	x	x	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	x	x	x	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	x	x	x	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	x	x	x	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	x	x	x	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	x	x	x	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	x	x	x	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	x	x	x	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	x	x	x	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	x	x	x	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	x	x	x	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	x	x	x	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	x	x	x	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	x	x	x	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	x	x	x	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	x	x	x	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	x	x	x	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	x	x	x	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	x	x	x	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	x	x	x	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	x	x	x	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	x	x	x	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	x	x	x	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	x	x	x	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	x	x	x	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	x	x	x	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	x	x	x	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	x	x	x	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	95,835	44,515	51,315	55	30	25
Catalan	x	x	x	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	x	x	x	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	x	x	x	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	x	x	x	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	x	x	x	54,335	26,035	28,300	55	30	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	4,365	2,125	2,240	30	15	15
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	x	x	x	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	x	x	x	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	585	255	325	15	5	5
Luba-Kasai	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	x	x	x	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	x	x	x	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	480	220	255	5	5	5
Shona	x	x	x	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	x	x	x	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	x	x	x	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	x	x	x	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	x	x	x	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	x	x	x	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	x	x	x	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	x	x	x	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	x	x	x	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	x	x	x	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	x	x	x	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	x	x	x	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	x	x	x	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	x	x	x	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	x	x	x	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	x	x	x	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	x	x	x	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	x	x	x	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	x	x	x	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	x	x	x	173,745	85,640	88,110	95	45	50
English and French	x	x	x	53,305	27,065	26,240	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	39,365	19,140	20,225	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	57,355	27,790	29,565	70	40	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	x	x	x	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	x	x	x	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	760	395	365
None	x	x	x	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	570	295	275
English	x	x	x	131,630	67,290	64,340	20	10	10
French	x	x	x	126,780	62,180	64,600	70	35	35
Non-official language	x	x	x	144,335	69,210	75,130	65	30	35
Indigenous³⁹	x	x	x	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	x	x	x	144,155	69,135	75,015	65	30	35
English and French	x	x	x	34,410	17,320	17,090	10	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	38,875	19,700	19,180	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	x	x	x	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	805	405	400
Official languages	x	x	x	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	760	380	380
English	x	x	x	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	325	160	165
French	x	x	x	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	735	365	365
Non-official languages	x	x	x	971,455	471,755	499,700	510	255	250
Indigenous languages³⁹	x	x	x	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	x	x	x	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	x	x	x	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	x	x	x	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	x	x	x	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	x	x	x	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	x	x	x	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	x	x	x	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	x	x	x	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	x	x	x	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	x	x	x	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	x	x	x	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	x	x	x	970,710	471,495	499,220	510	255	250
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	217,295	113,605	103,690	50	25	25
Berber languages	x	x	x	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	x	x	x	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	x	x	x	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	x	x	x	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	x	x	x	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	x	x	x	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	x	x	x	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	x	x	x	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	205,120	107,210	97,905	30	10	20
Amharic	x	x	x	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	x	x	x	188,115	98,545	89,565	30	10	20
Aramaic languages	x	x	x	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	x	x	x	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	x	x	x	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	x	x	x	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	x	x	x	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	x	x	x	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	x	x	x	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	x	x	x	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	x	x	x	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	x	x	x	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	x	x	x	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	x	x	x	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	x	x	x	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	x	x	x	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	x	x	x	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	x	x	x	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	76,295	34,775	41,520	255	135	115
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	67,895	30,695	37,205	240	125	110
Jamaican English Creole	x	x	x	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	x	x	x	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	x	x	x	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	x	x	x	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	12,280	5,760	6,520	115	70	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	x	x	x	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	x	x	x	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	x	x	x	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	x	x	x	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	x	x	x	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	514,485	250,190	264,295	90	40	50
Albanian	x	x	x	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	x	x	x	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	x	x	x	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	x	x	x	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	x	x	x	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	x	x	x	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	x	x	x	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	x	x	x	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	x	x	x	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	x	x	x	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	x	x	x	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	x	x	x	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	x	x	x	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	x	x	x	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	x	x	x	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	x	x	x	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	x	x	x	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	x	x	x	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	x	x	x	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	x	x	x	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	x	x	x	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	x	x	x	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	x	x	x	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	x	x	x	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	x	x	x	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	x	x	x	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	x	x	x	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	x	x	x	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	x	x	x	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	x	x	x	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	x	x	x	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	x	x	x	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	x	x	x	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	x	x	x	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	x	x	x	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	x	x	x	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	x	x	x	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	x	x	x	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	x	x	x	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	x	x	x	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	x	x	x	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	x	x	x	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	x	x	x	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	x	x	x	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	x	x	x	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	x	x	x	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	x	x	x	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	324,695	154,360	170,340	80	35	45
Catalan	x	x	x	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	x	x	x	107,285	51,300	55,985	10	0	10
Portuguese	x	x	x	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	x	x	x	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	x	x	x	193,835	91,345	102,490	70	35	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	33,295	16,860	16,435	80	40	45
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	x	x	x	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	x	x	x	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	x	x	x	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	7,490	3,495	3,995	15	10	0
Luba-Kasai	x	x	x	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	x	x	x	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	x	x	x	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	x	x	x	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	x	x	x	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	x	x	x	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	x	x	x	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	3,575	1,800	1,780	20	10	10
Wojenaka	x	x	x	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	x	x	x	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	7,345	3,800	3,545	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	x	x	x	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	x	x	x	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	68,485	31,760	36,720	15	10	0
Chinese languages	x	x	x	68,285	31,685	36,595	15	10	0
Hakka	x	x	x	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	x	x	x	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	x	x	x	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	x	x	x	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	x	x	x	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	x	x	x	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	x	x	x	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	x	x	x	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	x	x	x	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	x	x	x	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	x	x	x	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	x	x	x	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	x	x	x	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	805	405	400
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	x	x	x	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	x	x	x	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	x	x	x	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	x	x	x	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	x	x	x	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	x	x	x	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	x	x	x	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	x	x	x	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	800	400	400
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	805	405	400
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	x	x	x	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	x	x	x	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	805	405	400
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
Owner	x	...	...	360,125	...	...	0	...	...
Renter	x	...	...	550,240	...	...	345	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	x	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
Condominium	x	...	...	192,985	...	...	25	...	...
Not condominium	x	...	...	717,375	...	...	325	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
No bedrooms	x	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	x	...	...	267,715	...	...	30	...	...
2 bedrooms	x	...	...	303,875	...	...	275	...	...
3 bedrooms	x	...	...	220,945	...	...	40	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	x	...	...	98,090	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	x	...	...	501,570	...	...	275	...	...
5 rooms	x	...	...	166,230	...	...	60	...	...
6 rooms	x	...	...	78,495	...	...	10	...	...
7 rooms	x	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	x	...	...	105,210	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	x	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
One person or fewer per room	x	...	...	881,730	...	...	330	...	...
More than one person per room	x	...	...	28,630	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
Suitable	x	...	...	834,885	...	...	290	...	...
Not suitable	x	...	...	75,475	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
1960 or before	x	...	...	325,005	...	...	60	...	...
1961 to 1980	x	...	...	282,605	...	...	210	...	...
1981 to 1990	x	...	...	101,185	...	...	50	...	...
1991 to 2000	x	...	...	63,765	...	...	25	...	...
2001 to 2005	x	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	x	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	x	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	x	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	x	...	...	833,540	...	...	300	...	...
Major repairs needed	x	...	...	76,815	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
One-maintainer household	x	...	...	543,605	...	...	225	...	...
Two-maintainer household	x	...	...	333,140	...	...	105	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	x	...	...	33,620	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
15 to 24 years	x	...	...	40,960	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	x	...	...	162,375	...	...	45	...	...
35 to 44 years	x	...	...	171,535	...	...	85	...	...
45 to 54 years	x	...	...	155,520	...	...	45	...	...
55 to 64 years	x	...	...	156,865	...	...	85	...	...
65 to 74 years	x	...	...	122,825	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	x	...	...	70,345	...	...	30	...	...
85 years and over	x	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	x	...	...	902,485	...	...	355	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	x	...	...	686,075	...	...	265	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	x	...	...	216,410	...	...	85	...	...
30% to less than 100%	x	...	...	189,795	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	350	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	x	...	...	330,635	...	...	170	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	x	...	...	186,350	...	...	70	...	...
Not suitable only	x	...	...	56,480	...	...	45	...	...
Major repairs needed only	x	...	...	50,745	...	...	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	x	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	x	...	...	18,075	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	x	...	...	7,005	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	x	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	x	...	...	579,720	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	x	...	...	875,865	...	...	350	...	...
In core need	x	...	...	87,945	...	...	65	...	...
Not in core need	x	...	...	787,925	...	...	280	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	x	...	...	360,120	...	...	0	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	x	...	...	60.0	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	x	...	...	17.4	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	x	...	...	3.3	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,572	...	...	...	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	x	...	...	544,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	x	...	...	638,000	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	x	...	...	550,235	...	...	350	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	x	...	...	8.4	...	...	5.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	x	...	...	28.4	...	...	24.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	x	...	...	14.6	...	...	18.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	890	...	...	760	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	987	...	...	852	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	x	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	x	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	x	x	x	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	805	405	400
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	x	x	x	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	x	x	x	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	x	x	x	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	x	x	x	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	x	x	x	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	x	x	x	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	x	x	x	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	x	x	x	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	x	x	x	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	x	x	x	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	x	x	x	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	x	x	x	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	x	x	x	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	x	x	x	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	x	x	x	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	x	x	x	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	x	x	x	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	x	x	x	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	795	400	390
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	805	405	400
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	x	x	x	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	540	270	270
Canadian citizens aged under 18	x	x	x	322,965	164,980	157,985	140	75	65
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	x	x	x	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	400	200	205
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	x	x	x	313,410	160,530	152,885	260	130	135
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	805	405	400
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	x	x	x	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	350	165	185
Immigrants⁸¹	x	x	x	652,730	313,955	338,770	315	170	140
Before 1980	x	x	x	108,265	50,530	57,735	35	15	15
1980 to 1990	x	x	x	69,695	34,150	35,545	30	15	10
1991 to 2000	x	x	x	106,810	50,520	56,290	80	55	25
2001 to 2010	x	x	x	154,780	74,520	80,255	50	15	35
2011 to 2021⁸²	x	x	x	213,175	104,225	108,950	120	65	55
2011 to 2015	x	x	x	99,070	48,005	51,065	65	35	25
2016 to 2021	x	x	x	114,110	56,220	57,885	55	25	35
Non-permanent residents⁸³	x	x	x	138,240	75,380	62,860	140	65	75
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	x	x	x	652,725	313,955	338,770	315	170	140
Under 5 years	x	x	x	52,990	26,810	26,180	20	10	10
5 to 14 years	x	x	x	103,285	51,965	51,320	75	45	30
15 to 24 years	x	x	x	118,475	53,035	65,440	55	30	20
25 to 44 years	x	x	x	326,320	158,620	167,700	120	75	50
45 years and over	x	x	x	51,660	23,520	28,140	50	15	30
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	x	x	x	652,725	313,955	338,770	315	170	140
Americas	x	x	x	137,955	63,465	74,485	200	115	80
Brazil	x	x	x	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	x	x	x	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	x	x	x	6,600	3,365	3,235	10	0	10
Guyana	x	x	x	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	x	x	x	48,570	21,555	27,015	165	100	70
Jamaica	x	x	x	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	x	x	x	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	x	x	x	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	x	x	x	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	x	x	x	12,515	6,350	6,170	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	x	x	x	33,410	15,245	18,160	20	15	10
Europe	x	x	x	158,795	76,610	82,190	15	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	x	x	x	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	x	x	x	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	x	x	x	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	x	x	x	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	x	x	x	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	x	x	x	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	x	x	x	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	x	x	x	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	x	x	x	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	x	x	x	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	x	x	x	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	x	x	x	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	x	x	x	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	x	x	x	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	x	x	x	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	x	x	x	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	x	x	x	152,205	77,515	74,690	75	40	35
Algeria	x	x	x	44,925	23,280	21,640	20	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	x	x	x	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	x	x	x	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	x	x	x	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	x	x	x	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	x	x	x	37,215	18,545	18,670	10	10	0
Nigeria	x	x	x	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	x	x	x	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	x	x	x	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	x	x	x	47,960	24,705	23,260	30	0	25
Asia	x	x	x	202,715	95,775	106,935	25	0	20
Afghanistan	x	x	x	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	x	x	x	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	x	x	x	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	x	x	x	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	x	x	x	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	x	x	x	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	x	x	x	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	x	x	x	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	x	x	x	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	x	x	x	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	x	x	x	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	x	x	x	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	x	x	x	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	x	x	x	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	x	x	x	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	x	x	x	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	x	x	x	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	x	x	x	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	x	x	x	114,110	56,220	57,885	55	25	30
Americas	x	x	x	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	x	x	x	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	x	x	x	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	x	x	x	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	x	x	x	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	x	x	x	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	x	x	x	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	x	x	x	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	x	x	x	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	x	x	x	19,140	9,995	9,145	10	10	0
France	x	x	x	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	x	x	x	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	x	x	x	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	x	x	x	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	x	x	x	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	x	x	x	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	x	x	x	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	x	x	x	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	x	x	x	36,195	17,970	18,225	30	10	25
Algeria	x	x	x	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	x	x	x	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	x	x	x	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	x	x	x	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	x	x	x	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	x	x	x	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	x	x	x	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	x	x	x	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	x	x	x	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	x	x	x	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	x	x	x	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	x	x	x	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	x	x	x	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	x	x	x	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	x	x	x	6,265	3,205	3,060	15	0	15
Asia	x	x	x	41,495	19,890	21,600	10	0	10
Afghanistan	x	x	x	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	x	x	x	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	x	x	x	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	x	x	x	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	x	x	x	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	x	x	x	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	x	x	x	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	x	x	x	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	x	x	x	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	x	x	x	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	x	x	x	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	x	x	x	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	x	x	x	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	x	x	x	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	x	x	x	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	x	x	x	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	x	x	x	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	x	x	x	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	x	x	x	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	x	x	x	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	x	x	x	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	x	x	x	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	x	x	x	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	x	x	x	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	x	x	x	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	805	405	400
First generation¹⁰⁰	x	x	x	813,905	400,325	413,580	465	250	215
Second generation¹⁰¹	x	x	x	424,225	212,755	211,475	160	70	95
Third generation or more¹⁰²	x	x	x	721,230	352,590	368,630	180	90	90
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	x	x	x	544,455	263,425	281,040	280	155	125
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	x	x	x	303,105	155,090	148,020	80	35	40
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	x	x	x	151,015	87,200	63,815	35	10	25
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	x	x	x	152,090	67,890	84,205	45	25	20
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	x	x	x	146,645	59,645	87,000	120	65	50
Refugees¹⁰⁸	x	x	x	85,165	44,145	41,025	65	40	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	x	x	x	9,540	4,545	4,995	15	0	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	x	x	x	544,455	263,425	281,040	280	155	125
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	x	x	x	53,655	28,340	25,310	65	40	30
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	x	x	x	56,685	26,490	30,195	25	10	20
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	x	x	x	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	x	x	x	27,800	15,470	12,330	10	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	x	x	x	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	x	x	x	387,815	184,015	203,795	170	95	70
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	805	410	400
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	x	x	x	737,510	363,785	373,725	575	290	285
South Asian	x	x	x	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	x	x	x	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	x	x	x	208,805	101,125	107,680	440	215	215
Filipino	x	x	x	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	x	x	x	151,890	79,375	72,515	30	15	15
Latin American	x	x	x	82,550	40,580	41,970	70	40	30
Southeast Asian	x	x	x	40,535	19,270	21,265	25	0	20
West Asian	x	x	x	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	x	x	x	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	x	x	x	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	x	x	x	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	230	120	115
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	805	405	400
Canadian	x	x	x	241,015	115,880	125,135	100	55	40
English	x	x	x	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	x	x	x	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0
Scottish	x	x	x	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	x	x	x	336,880	169,710	167,170	25	15	10
German	x	x	x	40,360	19,305	21,050	15	0	10
Chinese	x	x	x	74,630	34,410	40,220	15	10	0
Italian	x	x	x	156,025	76,485	79,535	15	0	15
Indian (India)	x	x	x	44,170	23,435	20,735	20	10	10
Ukrainian	x	x	x	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	x	x	x	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	x	x	x	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	x	x	x	108,910	54,650	54,260	45	30	15
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	x	x	x	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	x	x	x	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	x	x	x	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	x	x	x	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	x	x	x	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	x	x	x	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	x	x	x	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	x	x	x	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	x	x	x	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	x	x	x	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	x	x	x	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	x	x	x	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	x	x	x	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	x	x	x	12,695	5,780	6,915	15	0	10
Pakistani	x	x	x	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	x	x	x	35,410	17,485	17,930	80	50	35
Jewish	x	x	x	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	x	x	x	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	x	x	x	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	x	x	x	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	x	x	x	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	x	x	x	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	x	x	x	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	x	x	x	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	x	x	x	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	x	x	x	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	x	x	x	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	x	x	x	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	x	x	x	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	x	x	x	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	x	x	x	82,590	38,735	43,855	245	125	125
Hindu	x	x	x	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	x	x	x	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	x	x	x	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	x	x	x	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	x	x	x	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	x	x	x	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	x	x	x	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	x	x	x	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	x	x	x	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	x	x	x	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	x	x	x	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	x	x	x	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	x	x	x	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	x	x	x	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	x	x	x	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	x	x	x	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	x	x	x	44,795	22,825	21,970	25	10	20
Czech	x	x	x	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	x	x	x	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	x	x	x	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	x	x	x	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	x	x	x	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	x	x	x	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	x	x	x	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	x	x	x	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	x	x	x	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	x	x	x	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	x	x	x	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	x	x	x	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	x	x	x	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	x	x	x	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	x	x	x	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	x	x	x	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	x	x	x	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	x	x	x	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	x	x	x	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	x	x	x	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	x	x	x	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	x	x	x	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	x	x	x	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	x	x	x	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	x	x	x	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	x	x	x	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	x	x	x	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	x	x	x	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	x	x	x	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	x	x	x	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	x	x	x	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	x	x	x	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	x	x	x	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	x	x	x	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	x	x	x	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	x	x	x	10,140	4,915	5,225	20	10	0
Nova Scotian	x	x	x	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	x	x	x	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	x	x	x	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	x	x	x	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	x	x	x	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	x	x	x	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	x	x	x	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	x	x	x	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	x	x	x	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	x	x	x	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	x	x	x	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	x	x	x	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	x	x	x	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	x	x	x	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	x	x	x	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	x	x	x	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	x	x	x	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	x	x	x	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	x	x	x	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	x	x	x	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	x	x	x	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	x	x	x	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	x	x	x	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	x	x	x	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	x	x	x	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	x	x	x	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	x	x	x	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	x	x	x	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	x	x	x	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	x	x	x	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	x	x	x	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	x	x	x	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	x	x	x	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	x	x	x	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	x	x	x	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	x	x	x	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	x	x	x	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	x	x	x	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	x	x	x	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	x	x	x	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	x	x	x	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	x	x	x	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	x	x	x	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	x	x	x	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	x	x	x	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	x	x	x	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	x	x	x	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	x	x	x	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	x	x	x	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	x	x	x	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	x	x	x	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	x	x	x	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	x	x	x	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	x	x	x	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	x	x	x	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	x	x	x	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	x	x	x	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	x	x	x	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	x	x	x	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	x	x	x	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	x	x	x	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	x	x	x	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	x	x	x	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	x	x	x	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	x	x	x	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	x	x	x	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	x	x	x	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	x	x	x	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	x	x	x	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	x	x	x	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	x	x	x	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	x	x	x	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	x	x	x	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	x	x	x	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	x	x	x	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	x	x	x	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	x	x	x	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	x	x	x	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	x	x	x	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	x	x	x	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	x	x	x	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	x	x	x	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	x	x	x	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	x	x	x	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	x	x	x	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	x	x	x	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	x	x	x	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	x	x	x	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	x	x	x	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	x	x	x	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	x	x	x	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	x	x	x	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	x	x	x	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	x	x	x	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	x	x	x	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	x	x	x	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	x	x	x	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	x	x	x	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	x	x	x	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	x	x	x	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	x	x	x	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	x	x	x	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	x	x	x	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	x	x	x	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	x	x	x	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	x	x	x	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	x	x	x	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	x	x	x	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	x	x	x	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	x	x	x	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	x	x	x	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	x	x	x	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	x	x	x	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	x	x	x	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	x	x	x	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	x	x	x	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	x	x	x	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	x	x	x	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	x	x	x	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	x	x	x	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	x	x	x	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	x	x	x	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	x	x	x	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	x	x	x	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	x	x	x	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	x	x	x	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	x	x	x	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	805	405	400
Buddhist	x	x	x	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	x	x	x	969,945	451,410	518,540	585	300	285
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	x	x	x	116,635	55,545	61,090	115	65	50
Anabaptist	x	x	x	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	x	x	x	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	x	x	x	12,890	5,955	6,940	35	15	20
Catholic	x	x	x	675,695	314,690	361,010	230	135	95
Christian Orthodox	x	x	x	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	x	x	x	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	x	x	x	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	x	x	x	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	x	x	x	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	x	x	x	16,130	6,980	9,150	75	25	50
Presbyterian	x	x	x	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	x	x	x	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	x	x	x	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	x	x	x	41,965	19,030	22,935	120	55	70
Hindu	x	x	x	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	x	x	x	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	x	x	x	233,440	121,145	112,290	65	30	35
Sikh	x	x	x	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	x	x	x	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	x	x	x	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	x	x	x	590,140	310,985	279,165	155	70	85
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	x	x	x	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	775	390	385
Non-movers	x	x	x	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	735	375	365
Movers	x	x	x	255,365	129,500	125,865	40	15	25
Non-migrants	x	x	x	186,805	94,745	92,055	20	10	10
Migrants	x	x	x	68,560	34,750	33,810	15	10	10
Internal migrants	x	x	x	37,680	18,795	18,885	15	10	10
Intraprovincial migrants	x	x	x	27,865	13,660	14,205	15	10	10
Interprovincial migrants	x	x	x	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	x	x	x	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	x	x	x	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	720	360	360
Non-movers	x	x	x	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	345	190	160
Movers	x	x	x	821,475	413,250	408,230	375	170	205
Non-migrants	x	x	x	433,700	216,030	217,670	165	65	100
Migrants	x	x	x	387,770	197,215	190,560	205	105	105
Internal migrants	x	x	x	190,035	93,955	96,075	35	15	25
Intraprovincial migrants	x	x	x	159,710	78,770	80,940	30	10	20
Interprovincial migrants	x	x	x	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	x	x	x	197,735	103,260	94,485	165	90	75
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	325	315
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	x	x	x	274,820	136,500	138,320	320	165	150
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	x	x	x	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	320	155	165
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	x	x	x	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	425	215	210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	x	x	x	121,295	65,950	55,345	185	95	90
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	x	x	x	975,700	481,690	494,005	240	115	125
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	325	310
No certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	247,460	120,840	126,625	270	140	130
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	x	x	x	319,755	162,520	157,240	115	55	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	250	130	120
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	x	x	x	473,060	232,855	240,210	190	105	90
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	x	x	x	146,170	81,740	64,425	125	70	50
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	x	x	x	106,110	54,025	52,085	90	40	50
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	x	x	x	40,055	27,715	12,340	35	30	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	x	x	x	260,845	122,345	138,495	50	15	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	x	x	x	66,045	28,760	37,285	25	20	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	x	x	x	609,855	291,355	318,505	60	25	30
Bachelor's degree	x	x	x	344,605	160,320	184,285	40	20	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	x	x	x	58,945	27,280	31,665	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	x	x	x	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	x	x	x	159,510	78,325	81,190	15	0	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	x	x	x	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	x	x	x	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	425	215	215
No certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	102,815	55,805	47,015	150	75	70
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	x	x	x	162,205	88,420	73,785	85	40	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	831,975	403,420	428,555	195	100	95
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	x	x	x	333,160	167,260	165,895	150	80	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	x	x	x	110,390	60,690	49,700	105	55	45
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	x	x	x	81,090	40,585	40,505	75	35	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	x	x	x	29,300	20,105	9,195	25	20	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	x	x	x	174,185	84,745	89,445	30	10	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	x	x	x	48,580	21,830	26,755	15	15	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	x	x	x	498,815	236,155	262,665	50	20	25
Bachelor's degree	x	x	x	276,640	128,890	147,745	30	15	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	x	x	x	48,390	21,995	26,395	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	x	x	x	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	x	x	x	137,150	66,720	70,430	15	0	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	x	x	x	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	640	320	310
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	x	x	x	567,220	283,355	283,860	390	190	195
Education	x	x	x	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0
13. Education	x	x	x	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	x	x	x	69,210	32,705	36,505	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	x	x	x	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	x	x	x	61,135	27,085	34,045	0	0	0
Humanities	x	x	x	78,920	30,815	48,110	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	x	x	x	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	x	x	x	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	x	x	x	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	x	x	x	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	x	x	x	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	x	x	x	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	x	x	x	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	x	x	x	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	x	x	x	157,220	58,185	99,040	35	10	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	x	x	x	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	x	x	x	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	x	x	x	18,245	2,110	16,130	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	x	x	x	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	x	x	x	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	x	x	x	21,400	5,075	16,330	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	x	x	x	59,300	29,185	30,110	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	x	x	x	248,895	110,950	137,945	55	40	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	x	x	x	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	x	x	x	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	x	x	x	237,125	108,040	129,090	55	40	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	x	x	x	57,445	29,770	27,670	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	x	x	x	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	x	x	x	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	x	x	x	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	x	x	x	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	x	x	x	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	x	x	x	65,435	46,010	19,420	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	x	x	x	53,075	39,595	13,480	0	0	0
25. Library science	x	x	x	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	x	x	x	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	x	x	x	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	x	x	x	173,380	143,615	29,765	70	60	15
04. Architecture and related services	x	x	x	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	x	x	x	78,800	61,515	17,290	20	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	x	x	x	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	x	x	x	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	x	x	x	21,310	20,295	1,010	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	x	x	x	20,645	19,920	730	15	15	0
48. Precision production	x	x	x	12,110	11,340	775	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	x	x	x	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	x	x	x	122,295	30,795	91,495	30	0	30
30.37 Design for human health	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	x	x	x	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	x	x	x	109,185	24,140	85,045	30	0	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	x	x	x	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	x	x	x	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	x	x	x	42,230	22,590	19,640	40	20	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	x	x	x	26,800	9,745	17,060	15	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	x	x	x	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	x	x	x	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	x	x	x	6,855	5,225	1,630	15	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	x	x	x	8,355	7,410	945	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	x	x	x	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	x	x	x	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	430	210	210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	x	x	x	265,025	144,230	120,800	230	115	120
Education	x	x	x	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
13. Education	x	x	x	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	x	x	x	54,840	26,500	28,340	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	x	x	x	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	x	x	x	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	x	x	x	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	x	x	x	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	x	x	x	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	x	x	x	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	x	x	x	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	x	x	x	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	x	x	x	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	x	x	x	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	x	x	x	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	x	x	x	121,985	44,105	77,880	25	10	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	x	x	x	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	x	x	x	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	x	x	x	14,380	1,525	12,850	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	x	x	x	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	x	x	x	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	x	x	x	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	x	x	x	44,580	21,945	22,635	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	x	x	x	199,525	87,920	111,600	40	25	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	x	x	x	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	x	x	x	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	x	x	x	190,410	85,600	104,810	40	25	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	x	x	x	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	x	x	x	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	x	x	x	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	x	x	x	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	x	x	x	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	x	x	x	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	x	x	x	53,860	38,275	15,590	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	x	x	x	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0
25. Library science	x	x	x	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	x	x	x	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	x	x	x	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	x	x	x	137,395	112,025	25,370	50	45	10
04. Architecture and related services	x	x	x	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	x	x	x	66,210	51,090	15,115	10	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	x	x	x	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	x	x	x	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	x	x	x	16,030	15,195	835	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	x	x	x	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	x	x	x	8,455	7,805	650	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	x	x	x	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	x	x	x	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	x	x	x	92,595	23,265	69,330	25	0	25
30.37 Design for human health	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	x	x	x	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	x	x	x	82,410	18,370	64,045	25	0	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	x	x	x	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	x	x	x	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	x	x	x	32,910	17,695	15,220	30	20	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	x	x	x	20,670	7,455	13,220	15	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	x	x	x	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	x	x	x	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	x	x	x	5,410	4,150	1,260	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	x	x	x	6,695	5,960	735	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	x	x	x	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	x	x	x	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	430	210	210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	x	x	x	265,025	144,230	120,800	230	115	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	x	x	x	831,975	403,415	428,560	200	105	95
Location of study inside Canada	x	x	x	598,455	286,340	312,115	125	60	65
Same as province or territory of residence	x	x	x	566,540	270,160	296,380	125	60	65
Different than province or territory of residence	x	x	x	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	x	x	x	233,520	117,075	116,445	70	40	35
Americas	x	x	x	41,560	21,015	20,550	35	25	15
United States of America	x	x	x	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	x	x	x	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	x	x	x	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	x	x	x	5,155	2,830	2,325	25	15	0
Jamaica	x	x	x	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	x	x	x	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	x	x	x	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	x	x	x	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	x	x	x	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	x	x	x	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	x	x	x	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0
Belgium	x	x	x	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	x	x	x	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	x	x	x	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	x	x	x	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	x	x	x	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	x	x	x	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	x	x	x	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	x	x	x	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	x	x	x	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	x	x	x	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	x	x	x	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	x	x	x	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	x	x	x	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	x	x	x	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	x	x	x	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	x	x	x	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	x	x	x	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	x	x	x	50,645	26,790	23,860	25	10	15
Nigeria	x	x	x	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	x	x	x	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	x	x	x	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	x	x	x	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	x	x	x	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	x	x	x	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	x	x	x	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	x	x	x	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	x	x	x	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	x	x	x	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	x	x	x	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	x	x	x	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	x	x	x	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	x	x	x	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	x	x	x	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	x	x	x	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	x	x	x	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	x	x	x	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	x	x	x	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	x	x	x	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	x	x	x	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	x	x	x	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	x	x	x	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	x	x	x	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	x	x	x	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	x	x	x	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	x	x	x	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	x	x	x	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	x	x	x	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	x	x	x	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	635	325	310
In the labour force	x	x	x	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	380	215	165
Employed	x	x	x	971,245	502,885	468,360	310	180	135
Unemployed	x	x	x	110,395	58,460	51,935	65	35	30
Not in the labour force	x	x	x	568,495	246,215	322,280	260	110	150
Participation rate	x	x	x	65.5	69.5	61.8	59.8	66.2	53.2
Employment rate	x	x	x	58.9	62.3	55.6	48.8	55.4	43.5
Unemployment rate	x	x	x	10.2	10.4	10.0	17.1	16.3	18.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	x	x	x	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	640	320	310
Did not work¹⁸⁶	x	x	x	582,470	253,075	329,400	280	125	155
Worked	x	x	x	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	360	205	155
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	x	x	x	529,400	287,950	241,450	195	140	60
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	x	x	x	538,265	266,540	271,725	160	65	90
Average weeks worked in reference year	x	x	x	39.7	40.2	39.3	40.1	42.0	37.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	x	x	x	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	380	215	160
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	x	x	x	31,515	15,365	16,150	20	10	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	x	x	x	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	360	205	155
Employee	x	x	x	907,745	457,830	449,915	335	190	150
Permanent position	x	x	x	741,830	380,445	361,385	310	185	125
Temporary position	x	x	x	165,915	77,385	88,530	25	0	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	x	x	x	69,690	31,285	38,405	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	x	x	x	96,225	46,100	50,120	25	0	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	x	x	x	142,380	88,145	54,230	25	15	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	x	x	x	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	380	215	160
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	x	x	x	31,515	15,365	16,150	20	10	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	x	x	x	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	360	205	155
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	x	x	x	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	x	x	x	207,660	79,975	127,685	50	20	30
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	x	x	x	114,775	85,780	28,990	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	x	x	x	85,545	21,700	63,845	50	0	45
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	x	x	x	140,500	46,385	94,115	15	0	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	x	x	x	61,790	31,615	30,175	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	x	x	x	263,055	135,300	127,750	90	55	35
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	x	x	x	109,555	99,115	10,440	75	65	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	x	x	x	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	x	x	x	42,380	28,195	14,185	80	50	30
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	x	x	x	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	380	215	160
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	x	x	x	31,515	15,365	16,150	20	10	10
All industries¹⁹¹	x	x	x	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	360	205	155
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	x	x	x	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	x	x	x	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	x	x	x	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	x	x	x	37,460	31,570	5,890	25	25	0
31-33 Manufacturing	x	x	x	86,535	58,295	28,235	80	50	25
41 Wholesale trade	x	x	x	42,365	25,230	17,140	25	10	10
44-45 Retail trade	x	x	x	111,555	56,180	55,375	35	15	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	x	x	x	56,160	43,355	12,805	30	30	0
51 Information and cultural industries	x	x	x	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	x	x	x	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	x	x	x	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	x	x	x	130,405	75,750	54,655	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	x	x	x	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	x	x	x	49,530	29,800	19,735	25	20	10
61 Educational services	x	x	x	95,290	34,510	60,780	10	10	0
62 Health care and social assistance	x	x	x	142,545	36,095	106,450	85	15	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	x	x	x	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	x	x	x	59,510	32,125	27,380	10	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	x	x	x	43,990	17,935	26,050	15	0	10
91 Public administration	x	x	x	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	x	x	x	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	380	215	170
English	x	x	x	201,310	110,165	91,150	0	0	0
French	x	x	x	416,430	206,170	210,265	250	140	115
Non-official language	x	x	x	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	x	x	x	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	x	x	x	473,485	249,700	223,785	105	60	45
English and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	x	x	x	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	x	x	x	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	380	215	170
Single responses	x	x	x	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	365	205	165
Official languages	x	x	x	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	360	200	165
English	x	x	x	361,715	194,885	166,835	50	25	30
French	x	x	x	645,885	327,180	318,705	310	175	135
Non-official languages	x	x	x	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	x	x	x	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	x	x	x	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	x	x	x	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	x	x	x	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	x	x	x	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	x	x	x	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	x	x	x	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	x	x	x	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	x	x	x	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	x	x	x	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	x	x	x	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	x	x	x	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	x	x	x	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	x	x	x	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	x	x	x	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	x	x	x	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	x	x	x	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	x	x	x	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	x	x	x	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	x	x	x	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	x	x	x	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	x	x	x	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	x	x	x	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	x	x	x	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	x	x	x	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	x	x	x	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	x	x	x	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	x	x	x	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	x	x	x	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	x	x	x	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	x	x	x	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	x	x	x	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	x	x	x	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	x	x	x	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	x	x	x	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	x	x	x	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	x	x	x	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	x	x	x	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	x	x	x	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	x	x	x	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	x	x	x	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	x	x	x	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	x	x	x	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	x	x	x	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	x	x	x	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	x	x	x	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	x	x	x	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	x	x	x	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	x	x	x	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	x	x	x	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	x	x	x	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	x	x	x	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	x	x	x	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	x	x	x	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	x	x	x	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	x	x	x	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	x	x	x	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	x	x	x	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	x	x	x	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	x	x	x	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	x	x	x	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	x	x	x	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	x	x	x	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	x	x	x	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	x	x	x	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	x	x	x	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	x	x	x	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	x	x	x	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	x	x	x	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	x	x	x	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	x	x	x	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	x	x	x	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	x	x	x	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	x	x	x	126,180	65,940	60,240	10	10	0
English and French	x	x	x	116,535	60,925	55,605	10	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	x	x	x	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	x	x	x	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	380	215	170
None	x	x	x	743,180	381,875	361,305	285	160	130
English	x	x	x	219,885	116,455	103,430	55	35	25
French	x	x	x	149,470	78,495	70,975	40	20	20
Non-official language	x	x	x	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	x	x	x	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	x	x	x	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	x	x	x	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	x	x	x	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	x	x	x	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	x	x	x	971,245	502,885	468,360	315	180	135
Worked at home	x	x	x	298,820	151,335	147,485	10	10	0
Worked outside Canada	x	x	x	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	x	x	x	89,120	62,795	26,325	70	45	25
Usual place of work	x	x	x	580,035	286,695	293,340	230	125	110
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	x	x	x	580,035	286,695	293,340	230	125	105
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	x	x	x	427,475	202,010	225,465	190	110	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	x	x	x	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	x	x	x	58,865	35,690	23,175	30	10	20
Commute to a different province or territory	x	x	x	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	x	x	x	669,150	349,485	319,665	300	170	130
Car, truck or van	x	x	x	395,615	229,315	166,300	150	80	65
Car, truck or van - as a driver	x	x	x	365,770	218,475	147,295	140	80	55
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	x	x	x	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	x	x	x	177,860	74,605	103,260	145	90	55
Walked	x	x	x	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	0	10
Bicycle	x	x	x	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	x	x	x	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	x	x	x	669,150	349,485	319,665	300	170	130
Less than 15 minutes	x	x	x	125,240	61,185	64,055	55	30	25
15 to 29 minutes	x	x	x	241,005	129,590	111,420	55	25	30
30 to 44 minutes	x	x	x	176,925	96,710	80,215	65	50	15
45 to 59 minutes	x	x	x	67,635	33,110	34,530	30	15	15
60 minutes and over	x	x	x	58,350	28,905	29,445	95	45	50
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	x	x	x	669,150	349,485	319,665	300	170	130
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	x	x	x	38,800	28,480	10,315	40	30	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	x	x	x	95,270	56,280	38,990	60	45	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	x	x	x	166,695	79,410	87,280	60	30	25
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	x	x	x	149,185	68,865	80,320	30	15	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	x	x	x	106,855	50,615	56,240	15	0	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	x	x	x	112,350	65,830	46,520	95	50	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	x	x	x	371,310	189,920	181,390	190	100	85
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	x	x	x	109,065	56,315	52,750	35	20	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	x	x	x	262,245	133,605	128,640	155	75	75
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	x	x	x	264,905	135,505	129,395	110	60	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	x	x	x	82,880	42,755	40,130	25	15	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	x	x	x	67,535	34,945	32,590	25	15	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	x	x	x	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	x	x	x	182,020	92,755	89,270	85	45	40

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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