Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662050More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24663301More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24663468More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	569	...	...	241	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	1,102	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	312	...	...	86	...	...	976,966	...	...	444	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	290	...	...	85	...	...	910,359	...	...	427	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12,644.4	...	...	4,213.3	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	31,396.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.05	...	...	0.06	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	565	300	275	245	125	120	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	1,105	540	560
0 to 14 years	80	40	40	30	15	15	309,765	158,545	151,225	260	130	125
0 to 4 years	25	15	15	10	5	5	99,195	50,760	48,435	90	35	55
5 to 9 years	35	15	15	10	5	5	106,985	54,660	52,320	90	50	40
10 to 14 years	25	10	10	10	10	5	103,590	53,120	50,470	85	45	35
15 to 64 years	435	230	205	140	70	70	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	775	385	390
15 to 19 years	15	10	5	10	5	5	97,525	49,340	48,180	60	25	35
20 to 24 years	40	20	20	10	5	5	140,025	70,895	69,125	60	25	35
25 to 29 years	55	30	25	15	10	10	165,525	83,630	81,895	75	45	35
30 to 34 years	70	35	30	15	5	10	157,725	78,995	78,730	90	40	50
35 to 39 years	70	40	35	15	10	5	149,265	74,115	75,155	110	55	55
40 to 44 years	55	30	20	10	10	5	142,365	70,920	71,445	100	50	50
45 to 49 years	50	25	25	15	10	10	125,505	62,690	62,815	90	50	45
50 to 54 years	30	15	15	5	5	5	121,710	61,735	59,975	80	40	40
55 to 59 years	30	20	15	15	5	10	125,465	63,810	61,655	60	40	20
60 to 64 years	25	10	10	20	15	15	118,065	57,920	60,140	35	20	15
65 years and over	60	25	30	70	35	35	351,325	151,210	200,120	70	30	45
65 to 69 years	20	10	10	25	10	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	30	15	15
70 to 74 years	15	10	10	30	15	10	86,030	39,185	46,845	20	5	10
75 to 79 years	15	5	5	10	0	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	5	5	0	5	5	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	15	5	5
85 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	13.3	14.5	12.2	12.0	12.5	15.5	16.1	14.8	23.5	24.1	22.3
15 to 64 years	77.0	76.7	74.5	57.1	56.0	58.3	67.0	68.5	65.6	70.1	71.3	69.6
65 years and over	10.6	8.3	10.9	28.6	28.0	29.2	17.5	15.4	19.6	6.3	5.6	8.0
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.5	0.0	0.9
Average age of the population	37.9	37.6	38.2	46.8	45.2	48.4	41.0	39.8	42.1	33.9	33.7	34.1
Median age of the population	37.6	37.6	37.2	48.0	46.4	50.8	39.6	38.4	40.4	34.8	35.2	34.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	290	...	...	85	...	...	910,360	...	...	430	...	...
Single-detached house	10	...	...	40	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	40	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	10	...	...	5	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	70	...	...	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	195	...	...	0	...	...	479,885	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	425	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	290	...	...	85	...	...	910,355	...	...	430	...	...
1 person	120	...	...	15	...	...	367,400	...	...	130	...	...
2 persons	110	...	...	30	...	...	271,730	...	...	90	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	20	...	...	118,205	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	10	...	...	98,205	...	...	90	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	15	...	...	54,820	...	...	40	...	...
Number of persons in private households	560	295	265	240	120	120	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	1,100	540	560
Average household size	1.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	490	260	235	210	105	105	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	845	410	435
Married or living common-law	270	140	130	130	65	60	822,440	414,330	408,115	490	250	240
Married	105	50	50	120	60	60	577,060	289,455	287,600	440	220	215
Living common-law	170	90	75	10	5	5	245,385	124,870	120,510	55	25	25
Living common law - Never married	155	85	75	0	0	0	207,040	104,785	102,250	40	20	20
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	5	0	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	10	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	220	120	105	80	40	45	872,060	410,935	461,125	355	160	195
Not married and not living common law - Never married	180	100	75	55	30	30	627,845	333,150	294,700	255	140	115
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	5	0	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	15	5	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	15	5	5	0	126,605	46,380	80,225	50	10	40
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	20	10	15	82,815	16,590	66,225	30	0	25
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	155	...	...	70	...	...	495,445	...	...	285	...	...
2 persons	100	...	...	35	...	...	251,075	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	20	...	...	107,265	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	10	...	...	93,300	...	...	85	...	...
5 or more persons	0	...	...	15	...	...	43,810	...	...	30	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	75	...	...	495,445	...	...	285	...	...
Total couple families	130	...	...	60	...	...	395,645	...	...	235	...	...
Married couples	50	...	...	60	...	...	273,070	...	...	205	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	40	...	...	162,745	...	...	160	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	20	...	...	110,325	...	...	45	...	...
Common-law couples	85	...	...	5	...	...	122,570	...	...	25	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	0	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	5	...	...	77,700	...	...	15	...	...
Total one-parent families	20	...	...	10	...	...	99,805	...	...	50	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	5	...	...	80,530	...	...	50	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	560	295	265	240	120	120	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	1,100	540	565
Total - Persons in census families	400	205	195	220	115	105	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	925	450	475
Married spouses or common-law partners	270	145	125	130	65	65	791,280	398,495	392,785	465	235	230
Parents in one-parent families	20	5	15	10	5	5	99,805	19,275	80,525	55	5	45
Children⁶	115	60	55	90	50	40	541,905	284,935	256,965	400	210	195
In a two-parent family	85	40	40	80	45	35	392,250	205,155	187,095	325	170	155
In a one-parent family	25	15	10	10	10	0	149,655	79,785	69,865	75	35	45
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	160	90	75	15	5	15	526,370	262,915	263,450	180	95	85
Living alone	115	65	55	15	5	10	367,395	175,660	191,740	135	75	55
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	5	0	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	30	10	20
Living with non-relatives only	30	25	10	0	0	0	109,690	65,235	44,455	15	5	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	290	...	...	85	...	...	910,360	...	...	425	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	155	...	...	65	...	...	455,970	...	...	260	...	...
Couple-family households	135	...	...	60	...	...	370,250	...	...	220	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	35	...	...	194,165	...	...	165	...	...
Without children	80	...	...	25	...	...	176,085	...	...	50	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	5	...	...	85,720	...	...	40	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	0	...	...	55,210	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	120	...	...	15	...	...	367,395	...	...	135	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	480	255	225	210	100	105	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	845	410	435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	475	255	220	x	x	x	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	785	380	405
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	51,600	51,600	x	x	x	37,600	39,600	36,000	32,000	34,000	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	475	255	220	x	x	x	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	785	380	405
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	43,200	44,000	x	x	x	34,000	35,200	32,800	30,000	30,800	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450	245	205	x	x	x	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	670	335	330
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	45,600	47,600	x	x	x	31,000	35,200	27,000	22,600	29,600	15,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	405	225	180	x	x	x	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	590	315	270
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	45,600	52,000	x	x	x	32,800	36,000	29,600	26,800	29,600	20,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	365	185	180	x	x	x	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	675	315	360
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,850	7,250	8,000	x	x	x	10,800	9,600	12,000	10,100	7,650	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55	25	30	x	x	x	171,705	84,570	87,145	110	60	50
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,850	6,360	x	x	x	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,520	5,200	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	155	90	65	x	x	x	529,640	276,110	253,530	320	165	155
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,750	7,000	x	x	x	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,700	9,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	450	245	200	205	105	95	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	825	365	460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	440	245	195	x	x	x	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	740	320	420
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	70,400	72,500	67,500	x	x	x	53,250	60,050	46,760	44,300	48,600	41,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	440	245	195	x	x	x	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	740	320	420
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,000	56,000	54,000	x	x	x	42,520	46,280	38,960	37,400	40,000	35,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	420	245	175	x	x	x	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	655	280	370
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,600	66,000	65,000	x	x	x	48,960	57,350	40,640	38,300	46,400	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	380	225	155	x	x	x	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	580	275	310
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,200	65,000	65,000	x	x	x	48,760	55,650	41,480	40,600	46,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	340	185	155	x	x	x	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	640	270	370
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,880	10,100	9,600	x	x	x	12,040	10,900	13,040	12,640	9,400	15,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40	25	15	x	x	x	171,360	84,435	86,925	105	55	50
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,400	8,000	6,000	x	x	x	6,840	6,065	7,590	8,600	4,400	13,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	145	90	50	x	x	x	528,305	276,300	252,005	305	160	145
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	8,200	6,400	x	x	x	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,600	10,100	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	445	250	200	205	105	95	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	825	370	460
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	210	125	85	x	x	x	514,340	278,505	235,830	250	130	120
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,500	73,500	88,000	x	x	x	60,000	63,600	56,000	61,600	58,400	61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	95,000	94,000	98,000	x	x	x	78,700	88,300	67,400	69,500	69,000	70,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	80	50	x	x	x	504,455	247,565	256,895	270	115	155
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	22,200	25,400	x	x	x	16,400	17,400	15,500	10,000	9,000	11,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,000	37,000	30,000	x	x	x	26,920	29,400	24,520	21,000	26,400	16,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.0	90.0	88.0	x	x	x	81.2	85.6	75.6	75.6	84.0	68.5
Employment income (%)¹⁹	79.0	80.0	76.0	x	x	x	66.8	71.0	61.3	71.5	80.0	64.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.8	10.2	11.6	x	x	x	18.9	14.4	24.4	24.4	16.4	31.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.0	0.8	x	x	x	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.7	1.5	3.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.8	4.4	3.0	x	x	x	6.4	5.9	7.0	9.8	11.0	8.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	4.2	2.6	x	x	x	5.7	5.4	6.0	8.8	10.4	7.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	485	255	225	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	845	410	435
Without total income	10	0	5	x	x	x	65,020	32,205	32,820	55	30	30
With total income	470	250	220	x	x	x	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	785	380	400
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	15	15	x	x	x	138,250	65,670	72,580	90	45	45
$10,000 to $19,999	40	30	15	x	x	x	200,450	93,060	107,390	115	45	70
$20,000 to $29,999	45	20	30	x	x	x	286,825	131,235	155,595	155	75	80
$30,000 to $39,999	55	30	25	x	x	x	215,455	102,705	112,755	120	60	55
$40,000 to $49,999	55	30	25	x	x	x	181,505	86,460	95,040	90	35	50
$50,000 to $59,999	50	20	25	x	x	x	138,185	64,805	73,380	60	30	25
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	15	x	x	x	100,060	48,510	51,550	50	20	25
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	15	x	x	x	74,165	37,625	36,540	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	10	x	x	x	58,400	30,060	28,335	25	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	25	5	20	x	x	x	42,240	22,360	19,875	20	15	10
$100,000 and over	65	40	25	x	x	x	149,555	92,680	56,875	30	20	15
$100,000 to $149,999	45	25	15	x	x	x	90,980	53,275	37,705	25	15	10
$150,000 and over	15	10	5	x	x	x	58,575	39,405	19,170	10	5	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	485	255	225	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	845	410	435
Without after-tax income	10	0	5	x	x	x	64,605	32,005	32,605	55	30	30
With after-tax income	470	250	220	x	x	x	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	785	380	400
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	20	15	x	x	x	144,275	67,955	76,320	90	45	50
$10,000 to $19,999	40	30	15	x	x	x	210,975	98,495	112,480	120	45	70
$20,000 to $29,999	65	30	35	x	x	x	334,395	155,845	178,545	180	95	90
$30,000 to $39,999	70	40	30	x	x	x	257,145	124,835	132,315	125	65	65
$40,000 to $49,999	70	35	35	x	x	x	204,980	97,805	107,175	100	45	60
$50,000 to $59,999	55	30	30	x	x	x	139,760	67,315	72,450	60	30	30
$60,000 to $69,999	45	30	20	x	x	x	93,705	46,700	47,005	40	25	20
$70,000 to $79,999	30	10	20	x	x	x	61,765	31,815	29,945	30	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	5	x	x	x	38,975	21,640	17,335	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	x	x	x	25,855	14,955	10,900	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	30	20	10	x	x	x	73,695	48,025	25,665	15	5	5
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	x	x	x	33,165	20,265	12,905	5	10	0
$125,000 and over	10	5	10	x	x	x	40,530	27,765	12,760	5	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	485	255	225	x	x	x	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	845	410	435
Without employment income	80	35	45	x	x	x	495,060	212,405	282,660	255	95	160
With employment income	400	225	180	x	x	x	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	585	315	270
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	30	5	x	x	x	167,560	82,405	85,155	100	40	55
$5,000 to $9,999	30	15	20	x	x	x	111,575	52,975	58,595	85	45	40
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	15	x	x	x	151,350	72,815	78,530	75	40	35
$20,000 to $29,999	45	25	20	x	x	x	116,030	56,295	59,730	55	40	20
$30,000 to $39,999	20	15	10	x	x	x	108,120	55,225	52,890	55	30	25
$40,000 to $49,999	30	15	15	x	x	x	104,250	51,950	52,300	40	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	20	x	x	x	84,485	42,940	41,540	35	25	15
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	10	x	x	x	66,190	35,045	31,145	45	25	20
$70,000 to $79,999	40	20	15	x	x	x	52,585	28,500	24,080	30	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	10	x	x	x	46,000	24,150	21,850	20	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	20	5	15	x	x	x	31,345	18,120	13,230	20	10	5
$100,000 and over	55	35	15	x	x	x	115,575	74,545	41,030	25	20	10
$100,000 to $124,999	25	15	10	x	x	x	47,525	28,870	18,655	15	10	5
$125,000 and over	25	20	10	x	x	x	68,050	45,675	22,375	15	10	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	480	255	225	210	100	105	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	845	410	435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	245	220	x	x	x	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	760	370	395
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	47,600	50,000	x	x	x	34,000	36,400	31,800	26,400	28,400	24,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	245	220	x	x	x	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	760	370	395
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	40,800	43,200	x	x	x	31,000	32,800	29,400	25,200	27,200	24,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	445	235	205	x	x	x	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	660	335	325
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	44,800	47,200	x	x	x	32,000	36,000	28,200	25,200	29,600	19,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	405	215	190	x	x	x	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	575	305	270
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	44,800	48,800	x	x	x	33,600	36,800	30,400	27,000	31,000	23,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	305	155	150	x	x	x	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	615	285	325
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,620	1,740	3,840	x	x	x	4,440	2,760	7,300	3,600	1,920	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	45	25	20	x	x	x	114,940	56,080	58,855	70	35	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,320	4,880	x	x	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,120	2,760	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	450	245	200	205	105	95	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	825	365	460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	430	235	190	x	x	x	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	730	335	395
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,600	67,500	58,800	x	x	x	50,000	57,050	43,280	36,700	39,200	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	430	235	190	x	x	x	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	730	335	395
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,200	52,400	47,600	x	x	x	39,800	43,800	35,920	31,250	32,600	30,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	235	175	x	x	x	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	625	300	335
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,600	65,000	57,200	x	x	x	49,080	57,750	40,560	35,800	40,800	31,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	205	150	x	x	x	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	540	260	280
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,400	65,500	58,000	x	x	x	48,720	55,750	41,240	39,000	43,200	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	275	150	130	x	x	x	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	585	255	325
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	5,300	8,400	x	x	x	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,400	3,840	10,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35	20	0	x	x	x	114,595	55,675	58,915	70	25	45
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	7,200	...	x	x	x	7,510	5,990	8,940	5,600	5,200	5,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	445	250	200	205	105	95	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	825	370	460
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	205	115	90	x	x	x	507,645	274,575	233,070	250	130	120
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,500	69,000	71,500	x	x	x	54,400	58,400	50,400	55,600	44,400	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,000	90,000	80,000	x	x	x	72,500	82,100	61,050	59,600	63,000	56,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	125	75	50	x	x	x	462,020	227,495	234,530	240	100	140
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	33,200	29,000	x	x	x	21,800	23,200	20,400	12,800	14,300	10,700
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,500	40,000	32,000	x	x	x	32,320	35,520	29,240	23,600	26,400	21,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.0	96.0	90.0	x	x	x	87.2	91.4	81.8	84.0	92.0	76.0
Employment income (%)	83.0	86.0	80.0	x	x	x	71.8	75.8	66.6	78.5	88.0	70.0
Government transfers (%)	6.8	5.0	9.2	x	x	x	12.8	8.6	18.2	16.0	7.5	24.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	x	x	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.5	1.2	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	290	...	...	x	...	...	910,355	...	...	430	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	x	...	...	66,000	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	x	...	...	58,000	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	120	...	...	x	...	...	367,395	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	x	...	...	38,000	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	x	...	...	34,000	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	170	...	...	x	...	...	542,960	...	...	295	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	x	...	...	92,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	x	...	...	80,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	255	...	...	x	...	...	910,360	...	...	420	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	x	...	...	92,700	...	...	78,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	x	...	...	74,100	...	...	66,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	x	...	...	367,255	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,000	...	...	x	...	...	49,760	...	...	69,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	x	...	...	40,640	...	...	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	x	...	...	543,100	...	...	275	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	x	...	...	121,800	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	x	...	...	96,700	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	290	...	...	x	...	...	910,355	...	...	430	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	x	...	...	18,165	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	10,335	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	17,665	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	25,730	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	57,720	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	41,160	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	40,595	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	41,545	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	42,630	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	40,980	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	x	...	...	75,485	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	x	...	...	67,695	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	60,495	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	54,055	...	...	35	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	45,830	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 and over	110	...	...	x	...	...	270,265	...	...	100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	x	...	...	85,635	...	...	55	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	30	...	...	x	...	...	56,205	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	30	...	...	x	...	...	62,095	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	25	...	...	x	...	...	66,335	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	290	...	...	x	...	...	910,355	...	...	430	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	x	...	...	19,710	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	17,965	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	x	...	...	27,485	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	63,030	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	49,660	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	48,815	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	x	...	...	51,055	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	50,890	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	47,120	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	x	...	...	85,490	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	x	...	...	75,625	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	x	...	...	65,530	...	...	45	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	30	...	...	x	...	...	54,850	...	...	45	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	x	...	...	45,065	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 and over	80	...	...	x	...	...	197,490	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	40	...	...	x	...	...	78,870	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	x	...	...	45,905	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	30	...	...	x	...	...	72,715	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	160	...	...	x	...	...	501,830	...	...	285	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	x	...	...	94,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	x	...	...	82,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	80	...	...	x	...	...	179,195	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	x	...	...	88,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	x	...	...	208,260	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,000	...	...	x	...	...	119,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	x	...	...	102,000	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	x	...	...	95,875	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	x	...	...	65,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	x	...	...	59,600	...	...	60,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	150	85	65	15	5	10	477,085	240,895	236,195	150	85	70
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	40,800	40,400	x	x	x	34,400	34,800	34,000	37,600	38,400	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	34,800	36,800	x	x	x	31,200	31,200	31,200	33,200	33,600	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	145	...	...	x	...	...	501,905	...	...	275	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	168,000	...	...	x	...	...	125,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	x	...	...	98,700	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	x	...	...	179,455	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	x	...	...	116,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	x	...	...	91,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	x	...	...	208,375	...	...	185	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	200,000	...	...	x	...	...	157,200	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	x	...	...	122,300	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	x	...	...	95,455	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	x	...	...	78,200	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	x	...	...	67,100	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	155	90	60	0	0	0	476,520	240,280	236,245	160	60	100
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	43,000	50,000	x	x	x	45,520	46,520	44,560	62,000	76,000	54,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,500	36,000	40,000	x	x	x	37,600	37,920	37,280	49,200	60,000	43,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	560	295	265	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	1,105	540	560
0 to 17 years	90	45	45	x	x	x	365,020	186,710	178,315	295	150	150
0 to 5 years	30	20	20	x	x	x	120,615	61,615	58,995	105	45	55
18 to 64 years	415	225	195	x	x	x	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	735	365	370
65 years and over	55	25	30	x	x	x	317,425	140,270	177,155	70	25	45
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	40	25	15	x	x	x	321,885	154,370	167,510	220	115	105
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	x	x	x	54,265	27,870	26,395	60	35	25
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	18,760	9,545	9,215	25	15	10
18 to 64 years	35	20	15	x	x	x	197,020	99,310	97,710	135	70	60
65 years and over	10	0	5	x	x	x	70,600	27,185	43,415	25	10	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.8	9.0	7.0	x	x	x	16.4	16.0	16.9	20.0	21.2	18.8
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	20.0	22.0	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	24.0	36.0	18.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	9.0	7.0	x	x	x	15.4	15.6	15.3	18.0	19.5	16.5
65 years and over (%)	12.0	x	12.0	x	x	x	22.2	19.4	24.5	38.0	30.0	40.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	560	295	265	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	1,100	540	565
0 to 17 years	90	45	45	x	x	x	365,025	186,705	178,315	300	150	150
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	x	x	x	120,610	61,615	58,995	100	45	60
18 to 64 years	415	225	190	x	x	x	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	735	370	365
65 years and over	55	25	30	x	x	x	317,425	140,265	177,155	70	25	45
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	20	15	x	x	x	213,720	108,905	104,815	160	80	75
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	29,585	15,165	14,425	35	20	20
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	x	x	x	9,970	5,080	4,890	10	10	0
18 to 64 years	30	20	15	x	x	x	153,385	81,765	71,620	105	55	45
65 years and over	0	0	0	x	x	x	30,745	11,975	18,775	20	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.4	6.8	6.0	x	x	x	10.9	11.3	10.6	14.6	15.6	13.6
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	13.0	14.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	10.0	12.0	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	8.0	8.0	x	x	x	12.0	12.8	11.2	14.2	15.2	13.2
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	24.0	25.0	24.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	560	295	265	x	x	x	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	1,105	540	560
In bottom half of the distribution	270	145	120	x	x	x	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	865	430	440
In bottom decile	50	30	20	x	x	x	298,540	147,890	150,655	205	105	95
In second decile	35	20	15	x	x	x	244,435	115,985	128,450	165	85	75
In third decile	55	30	25	x	x	x	240,895	116,550	124,345	205	100	100
In fourth decile	55	30	25	x	x	x	218,125	105,885	112,240	185	75	105
In fifth decile	75	45	35	x	x	x	194,765	95,185	99,580	115	60	60
In top half of the distribution	290	145	140	x	x	x	762,590	384,140	378,450	235	110	120
In sixth decile	45	25	20	x	x	x	172,200	85,100	87,095	75	35	40
In seventh decile	55	25	30	x	x	x	156,540	78,290	78,250	70	35	35
In eighth decile	65	35	30	x	x	x	144,120	72,600	71,525	50	20	25
In ninth decile	65	35	30	x	x	x	134,265	68,285	65,980	25	10	15
In top decile	65	35	30	x	x	x	155,465	79,870	75,595	15	10	5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	560	...	...	x	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	1,100	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...	x	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.305	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.398	...	...	x	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.492	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...	x	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.265	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	x	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	560	295	265	240	120	115	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	1,100	540	565
English only	10	5	5	25	15	10	262,290	133,690	128,600	155	90	65
French only	165	80	85	25	10	15	486,845	221,005	265,840	280	125	150
English and French	385	210	175	190	100	95	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	600	290	310
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	0	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	70	30	45
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	560	295	265	240	120	115	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	1,100	540	565
English	40	20	15	105	55	50	605,220	303,380	301,835	255	140	115
French	495	260	235	90	45	50	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	510	245	270
English and French	25	15	10	40	25	15	173,785	88,480	85,300	265	130	140
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	0	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	70	30	40
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	560	295	265	240	120	115	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	1,100	540	565
Single responses	545	290	255	205	105	105	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	1,000	485	510
Official languages	470	245	225	115	65	55	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	275	135	140
English	25	20	10	50	25	25	322,315	162,085	160,230	55	30	30
French	440	230	215	65	35	30	870,975	428,435	442,540	215	105	115
Non-official languages	80	45	35	90	45	50	643,275	311,525	331,750	720	355	370
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	45	35	90	45	50	642,820	311,370	331,445	720	355	370
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	25	15	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	430	220	205
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	25	15	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	420	220	205
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5	20	15	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	420	220	205
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5	15	5	15	24,640	11,340	13,300	10	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	10	0	5
Vietnamese	5	0	0	15	5	10	19,905	9,185	10,725	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	10	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	10	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	10	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	5	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	25	20	25	5	15	329,415	158,980	170,435	185	85	100
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	45	20	20
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	10	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	10	10	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	5	5	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	5	10	17,080	8,125	8,955	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	68,600	36,145	32,455	40	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	25	10	20
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	10	0	10
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	10	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	15	10	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	5	0	5
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	15	5	5	5	183,755	87,295	96,460	85	40	45
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	5	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	5	0
Portuguese	0	0	5	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	5	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	45	25	25
Spanish	35	20	10	0	0	0	85,395	41,150	44,250	20	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	5	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	5	20	5	10	57,075	26,030	31,035	65	30	35
Chinese languages	0	0	5	20	5	10	56,890	25,955	30,935	65	30	35
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	5	5	5	5	37,985	17,270	20,715	40	20	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10	5	5	15,185	6,995	8,195	15	5	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	5	5	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	5	10	35	15	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	105	55	50
English and French	10	5	5	25	15	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	20	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	25	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0	0	0	47,185	23,615	23,570	35	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	30	10	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	560	295	265	240	120	115	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	1,100	540	565
English	20	15	10	70	40	35	340,470	170,050	170,425	60	30	30
French	430	220	210	40	15	20	779,125	383,000	396,125	205	95	105
Non-official language	25	10	15	20	5	10	204,395	96,705	107,690	275	140	140
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	20	5	10	204,315	96,670	107,645	275	140	140
English and French	35	20	15	40	25	20	173,135	89,205	83,935	40	25	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	15	10	135,390	66,995	68,400	90	50	40
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	15	10	10	180,900	85,935	94,965	205	95	115
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	20	5	35	20	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	210	100	115
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	15	10	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	560	295	265	240	120	115	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	1,100	540	565
Single responses	545	285	260	215	110	105	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	910	455	460
Official languages	510	270	245	160	80	75	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	420	215	210
English	35	20	15	100	55	45	479,850	239,270	240,580	105	55	45
French	475	245	230	60	30	30	956,130	471,155	484,975	315	155	160
Non-official languages	35	15	20	55	25	25	370,290	177,955	192,335	490	240	250
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	20	55	25	25	370,125	177,895	192,235	490	240	250
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	10	10	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	285	145	135
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	5	0	10	10	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	285	145	135
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	0	5	0	10	10	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	285	145	135
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	5	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	17,355	8,030	9,325	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15	5	10	14,425	6,710	7,720	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	5	5	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	10	10	10	5	10	188,550	90,370	98,185	135	60	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	30	20	15
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	5	5	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	5	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	5	5	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	25	5	15
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	10	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	10	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	10	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	95,835	44,515	51,315	55	20	35
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	35	10	25
Spanish	20	10	10	0	0	0	54,335	26,035	28,300	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5	43,570	20,275	23,295	50	20	30
Chinese languages	0	0	0	15	10	5	43,475	20,230	23,240	50	20	30
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	5	5	5	30,855	14,425	16,430	35	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	5	5	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	15	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	5	25	15	10	173,745	85,640	88,110	190	85	100
English and French	0	0	0	20	10	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	20	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	5	39,365	19,140	20,225	35	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0	0	0	57,355	27,790	29,565	80	40	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	55	20	35
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	560	295	265	240	120	120	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	1,100	540	565
None	485	250	235	145	70	70	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	690	340	355
English	30	20	10	25	10	15	131,630	67,290	64,340	70	40	35
French	10	5	5	30	15	15	126,780	62,180	64,600	95	40	55
Non-official language	10	0	5	25	15	10	144,335	69,210	75,130	105	55	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	5	25	15	10	144,155	69,135	75,015	105	55	50
English and French	0	0	0	15	10	10	34,410	17,320	17,090	70	35	35
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	5	5	0	38,875	19,700	19,180	35	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	5	0	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	10	5	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	530	285	245	260	140	120	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	1,135	530	595
Official languages	525	285	240	260	140	115	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	1,060	495	565
English	380	215	165	240	130	115	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	670	310	355
French	525	285	240	225	115	110	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	930	435	500
Non-official languages	95	35	60	185	105	80	971,455	471,755	499,700	870	415	460
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	35	60	185	105	80	970,710	471,495	499,220	870	415	460
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	85	55	30	217,295	113,605	103,690	565	275	290
Berber languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	10	0	0
Kabyle	10	0	10	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	85	55	30	205,120	107,210	97,905	565	275	290
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	10	15	15	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	565	275	290
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	65	40	25	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35	15	15	32,680	15,395	17,290	25	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	30	15	15	26,160	12,400	13,760	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	30	15	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	30	15	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	10	0	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	20	40	40	20	25	514,485	250,190	264,295	250	115	130
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	35	20	20
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	25	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	25	0	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	25	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	25,065	12,045	13,015	25	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	25	10	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	25	0	20
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	10	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	20	0	15
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	30	10	10	0	324,695	154,360	170,340	140	70	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	10	0	107,285	51,300	55,985	35	20	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	55	20	30
Spanish	35	20	20	0	0	0	193,835	91,345	102,490	70	40	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	30	10	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	10	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	15	0	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	55	20	35
Chinese languages	0	0	0	15	10	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	55	20	35
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	10	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	45	15	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	20	0	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	530	280	245	260	140	120	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	1,130	535	600
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	530	280	245	255	140	115	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	1,130	535	600
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	530	280	245	260	140	120	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	1,130	535	600
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	530	280	245	260	140	120	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	1,130	535	600
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	260	...	...	80	...	...	910,360	...	...	415	...	...
Owner	140	...	...	80	...	...	360,125	...	...	155	...	...
Renter	115	...	...	0	...	...	550,240	...	...	260	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	260	...	...	80	...	...	910,360	...	...	415	...	...
Condominium	80	...	...	0	...	...	192,985	...	...	330	...	...
Not condominium	180	...	...	80	...	...	717,375	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	260	...	...	80	...	...	910,360	...	...	415	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	90	...	...	0	...	...	267,715	...	...	130	...	...
2 bedrooms	110	...	...	0	...	...	303,875	...	...	205	...	...
3 bedrooms	35	...	...	10	...	...	220,945	...	...	70	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20	...	...	65	...	...	98,090	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	260	...	...	80	...	...	910,360	...	...	415	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	155	...	...	0	...	...	501,570	...	...	365	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	10	...	...	166,230	...	...	45	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	0	...	...	78,495	...	...	10	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	10	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	35	...	...	65	...	...	105,210	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.6	...	...	8.5	...	...	4.7	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	260	...	...	80	...	...	910,360	...	...	415	...	...
One person or fewer per room	260	...	...	80	...	...	881,730	...	...	360	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	260	...	...	80	...	...	910,360	...	...	415	...	...
Suitable	250	...	...	80	...	...	834,885	...	...	275	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	260	...	...	80	...	...	910,360	...	...	415	...	...
1960 or before	125	...	...	20	...	...	325,005	...	...	30	...	...
1961 to 1980	40	...	...	0	...	...	282,605	...	...	100	...	...
1981 to 1990	20	...	...	55	...	...	101,185	...	...	50	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	15	...	...
2011 to 2015	55	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	190	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	10	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	260	...	...	80	...	...	910,360	...	...	415	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	230	...	...	80	...	...	833,540	...	...	410	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	0	...	...	76,815	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	260	...	...	80	...	...	910,360	...	...	415	...	...
One-maintainer household	125	...	...	20	...	...	543,605	...	...	230	...	...
Two-maintainer household	125	...	...	50	...	...	333,140	...	...	165	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	10	...	...	33,620	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	260	...	...	80	...	...	910,360	...	...	415	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	65	...	...	0	...	...	162,375	...	...	95	...	...
35 to 44 years	70	...	...	20	...	...	171,535	...	...	115	...	...
45 to 54 years	35	...	...	15	...	...	155,520	...	...	115	...	...
55 to 64 years	45	...	...	0	...	...	156,865	...	...	60	...	...
65 to 74 years	20	...	...	20	...	...	122,825	...	...	15	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	15	...	...	70,345	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	260	...	...	x	...	...	902,485	...	...	410	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	225	...	...	x	...	...	686,075	...	...	300	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	35	...	...	x	...	...	216,410	...	...	110	...	...
30% to less than 100%	30	...	...	x	...	...	189,795	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	260	...	...	80	...	...	910,360	...	...	415	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	10	...	...	330,635	...	...	215	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	35	...	...	10	...	...	186,350	...	...	70	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	100	...	...
Major repairs needed only	25	...	...	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	190	...	...	75	...	...	579,720	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	255	...	...	x	...	...	875,865	...	...	390	...	...
In core need	15	...	...	x	...	...	87,945	...	...	35	...	...
Not in core need	240	...	...	x	...	...	787,925	...	...	360	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	145	...	...	85	...	...	360,120	...	...	160	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	75.9	...	...	47.1	...	...	60.0	...	...	81.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	x	...	...	17.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,780	...	...	1,250	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,760	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,380	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	850,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	320,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	570,000	...	...	920,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	308,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	115	...	...	0	...	...	550,235	...	...	260	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.1	...	...	x	...	...	28.4	...	...	38.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.6	...	...	...	...	...	14.6	...	...	13.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	770	...	...	...	...	...	890	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	...	...	...	987	...	...	1,170	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	x	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	525	280	245	260	140	125	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	1,130	535	600
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	10	10	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	10	10	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	505	275	235	255	140	120	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	1,130	535	600
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	525	285	245	260	135	120	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	1,135	530	600
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	475	265	215	260	135	120	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	705	325	380
Canadian citizens aged under 18	85	40	45	75	40	30	322,965	164,980	157,985	230	120	105
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	395	225	165	190	100	85	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	475	210	270
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	50	20	30	0	0	0	313,410	160,530	152,885	425	200	220
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	525	285	245	260	135	120	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	1,135	530	600
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	415	230	185	150	75	80	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	340	150	195
Immigrants⁸¹	65	35	35	110	65	45	652,730	313,955	338,770	715	355	360
Before 1980	0	0	0	35	25	10	108,265	50,530	57,735	10	10	0
1980 to 1990	10	10	0	45	20	25	69,695	34,150	35,545	70	35	35
1991 to 2000	10	10	0	10	10	0	106,810	50,520	56,290	60	25	40
2001 to 2010	35	10	25	20	10	0	154,780	74,520	80,255	145	70	75
2011 to 2021⁸²	20	15	0	0	0	0	213,175	104,225	108,950	430	215	215
2011 to 2015	10	0	0	0	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	160	75	85
2016 to 2021	15	15	0	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	265	140	130
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40	15	30	0	0	0	138,240	75,380	62,860	75	30	40
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	70	35	35	110	65	45	652,725	313,955	338,770	710	355	360
Under 5 years	0	0	0	15	10	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	70	45	30
5 to 14 years	10	0	10	25	15	10	103,285	51,965	51,320	125	65	55
15 to 24 years	20	15	0	25	20	10	118,475	53,035	65,440	95	30	65
25 to 44 years	35	20	15	35	25	10	326,320	158,620	167,700	350	165	185
45 years and over	0	0	0	10	0	10	51,660	23,520	28,140	75	50	30
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	70	35	35	110	65	45	652,725	313,955	338,770	710	355	360
Americas	20	15	10	0	0	0	137,955	63,465	74,485	65	35	30
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	15	10	10	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	25	20	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	25	15	15
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	20	0	15	25	15	10	158,795	76,610	82,190	105	45	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	30	10	20
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	35	15	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	35	10	20
Africa	20	15	0	35	25	15	152,205	77,515	74,690	165	75	90
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	15	10	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	30	20	10	37,215	18,545	18,670	80	40	40
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	15	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	55	25	30
Asia	0	0	0	45	25	20	202,715	95,775	106,935	380	195	180
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	55	35	20
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	50	30	15
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	200	105	95
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	10	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	30	10	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	20	10	10	17,570	7,995	9,575	15	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	15	10	10	25,115	11,780	13,335	20	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15	15	0	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	265	135	130
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	30	15	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	10	0	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	50	15	35
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	25	0	15
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	185	105	75
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	30	20	10
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	10	10	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	120	65	60
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	530	285	245	260	140	120	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	1,130	530	600
First generation¹⁰⁰	115	55	65	110	70	40	813,905	400,325	413,580	795	380	415
Second generation¹⁰¹	60	30	35	95	45	50	424,225	212,755	211,475	275	140	135
Third generation or more¹⁰²	350	195	150	55	25	25	721,230	352,590	368,630	60	10	50
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	70	40	30	70	45	30	544,455	263,425	281,040	700	340	365
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	45	20	20	50	30	20	303,105	155,090	148,020	325	165	165
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15	10	10	0	0	0	151,015	87,200	63,815	165	95	70
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	20	10	15	45	25	20	152,090	67,890	84,205	165	65	100
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	20	15	10	0	0	0	146,645	59,645	87,000	130	50	80
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	0	25	15	10	85,165	44,145	41,025	245	125	120
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	70	40	30	70	45	30	544,455	263,425	281,040	700	340	365
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	40	20	20
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	20	10	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	15	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	20	10	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	55	25	25	70	40	30	387,815	184,015	203,795	610	290	315
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	530	285	245	260	140	120	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	1,130	535	600
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	70	30	40	80	45	35	737,510	363,785	373,725	705	340	365
South Asian	0	0	0	30	10	20	91,370	48,660	42,710	30	0	20
Chinese	0	0	0	15	0	10	69,985	32,190	37,795	45	10	30
Black	20	10	0	0	0	0	208,805	101,125	107,680	125	60	70
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	15	0	10	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	380	190	185
Latin American	35	20	15	0	0	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	50	25	30
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	20	15	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	10	10	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	35	20	10
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	25	10	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	455	250	205	180	95	80	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	430	195	235
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	525	285	240	260	140	120	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	1,135	530	600
Canadian	120	65	55	0	0	0	241,015	115,880	125,135	55	25	35
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	35	15	15	0	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0
Scottish	15	0	15	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	180	85	95	20	15	10	336,880	169,710	167,170	20	0	15
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	20	15	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	65	25	35
Italian	15	0	15	15	10	10	156,025	76,485	79,535	0	0	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	25	0	15
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	0	15	10	10	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	55	40	15	0	0	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	45	25	15	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	15	0	15
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	15	15	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	10	0	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	10	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	45	20	25
Jewish	0	0	0	105	60	45	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	30	15	15	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	100	45	55
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	15	0	10
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	40	15	25
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	50	35	15
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	35	20	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	10	0	10	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	30	15	20
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	15	10	10	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	35	15	15	44,795	22,825	21,970	70	30	40
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	15	0	15	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	215	110	105
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	30	15	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	35	20	15	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	40	20	20
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	30	15	15
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	30	25	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	15	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	30	15	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	25	10	15	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	530	280	245	260	140	120	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	1,130	535	600
Buddhist	0	0	0	30	15	15	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	240	120	125	60	30	30	969,945	451,410	518,540	535	245	295
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	20	10	0	0	0	116,635	55,545	61,090	150	70	80
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	200	95	110	35	20	15	675,695	314,690	361,010	170	75	100
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	10	0	10	68,635	32,680	35,950	190	80	105
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	25	15	15
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	15	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	110	65	45	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	370	190	185
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	265	150	115	30	15	20	590,140	310,985	279,165	180	95	90
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	520	280	240	250	135	115	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	1,115	525	595
Non-movers	450	245	200	240	125	115	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	920	465	450
Movers	75	35	35	15	10	0	255,365	129,500	125,865	200	55	140
Non-migrants	55	30	30	15	10	0	186,805	94,745	92,055	150	30	120
Migrants	15	0	10	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	55	30	20
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	20	15	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	10	0	10	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	35	15	20
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	505	270	230	235	125	105	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	1,040	500	540
Non-movers	280	155	125	190	100	90	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	410	215	195
Movers	225	115	105	50	30	15	821,475	413,250	408,230	625	280	345
Non-migrants	105	65	45	50	30	15	433,700	216,030	217,670	295	125	170
Migrants	110	50	60	0	0	0	387,770	197,215	190,560	330	160	170
Internal migrants	75	35	40	0	0	0	190,035	93,955	96,075	45	25	20
Intraprovincial migrants	75	35	40	0	0	0	159,710	78,770	80,940	15	10	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	30	15	10
External migrants	40	15	25	0	0	0	197,735	103,260	94,485	285	135	150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	450	250	200	205	105	95	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	825	370	460
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25	15	10	15	10	0	274,820	136,500	138,320	145	65	80
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	425	235	185	190	100	95	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	680	305	375
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	345	205	140	125	65	60	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	630	300	330
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15	10	10	0	0	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	55	30	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	325	200	130	120	55	60	975,700	481,690	494,005	565	270	295
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	450	245	200	205	105	100	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	825	365	460
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	10	15	0	0	0	247,460	120,840	126,625	125	55	70
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	85	45	40	60	30	30	319,755	162,520	157,240	140	65	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	335	190	150	140	75	60	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	560	245	310
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130	90	40	35	25	10	473,060	232,855	240,210	190	85	105
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	20	0	15	15	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	40	20	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	15	0	0	0	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	35	20	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	110	70	40	10	10	0	260,845	122,345	138,495	115	65	55
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	10	0	0	66,045	28,760	37,285	35	0	30
Bachelor's degree or higher	210	105	105	100	55	50	609,855	291,355	318,505	370	160	215
Bachelor's degree	110	50	60	60	25	35	344,605	160,320	184,285	185	60	130
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	25	15	10	20	10	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	75	55	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	15	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	20	10	0
Master's degree	65	30	35	10	10	0	159,510	78,325	81,190	70	25	45
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	340	205	135	120	60	60	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	625	295	325
No certificate, diploma or degree	20	10	0	0	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	45	25	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	45	30	10	10	0	0	162,205	88,420	73,785	100	50	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	280	165	120	115	60	55	831,975	403,420	428,555	480	225	260
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90	65	30	25	15	0	333,160	167,260	165,895	150	65	80
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	10	10	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	35	10	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	30	10	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	85	60	30	10	0	0	174,185	84,745	89,445	85	45	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	25	10	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	190	100	95	90	40	50	498,815	236,155	262,665	335	155	180
Bachelor's degree	105	50	55	50	20	35	276,640	128,890	147,745	160	60	105
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	20	10	15	10	10	48,390	21,995	26,395	70	50	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	10	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	20	15	10
Master's degree	55	25	30	15	10	0	137,150	66,720	70,430	60	25	40
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	15	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	450	250	200	200	110	95	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	825	365	460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	110	60	55	65	30	40	567,220	283,355	283,860	265	120	145
Education	20	10	10	10	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	15	0	15
13. Education	20	10	10	10	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30	20	10	0	0	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	15	10	0	0	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	10	10	0
Humanities	25	15	15	0	0	0	78,920	30,815	48,110	30	0	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	30	15	15	0	157,220	58,185	99,040	45	10	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	15	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	10	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	15	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	105	65	40	60	15	45	248,895	110,950	137,945	140	60	80
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	105	60	40	60	15	45	237,125	108,040	129,090	140	60	80
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	0	0	0	0	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	55	25	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	35	20	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	15	10	10	10	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	35	10	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	15	10	10	10	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	15	10	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	15	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	35	0	10	10	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	125	95	30
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	10	0	10
14. Engineering	15	15	0	0	0	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	80	60	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	10	15	30	25	0	122,295	30,795	91,495	100	30	70
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	0	15	25	20	0	109,185	24,140	85,045	80	25	60
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	340	205	140	125	60	60	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	625	300	330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	60	40	15	10	0	0	265,025	144,230	120,800	145	75	75
Education	20	15	10	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	15	0	15
13. Education	20	15	10	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	20	0	0	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	0	0	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	10	10	0
Humanities	20	10	10	0	0	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	30	0	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	25	10	10	0	121,985	44,105	77,880	35	10	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	95	60	35	60	15	45	199,525	87,920	111,600	125	55	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	90	55	35	60	15	45	190,410	85,600	104,810	125	55	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	40	20	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	35	15	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	0	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	25	10	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	0	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	15	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	25	10	10	10	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	115	85	25
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	15	0	0	0	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	80	60	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	15	10	0	30	20	10	92,595	23,265	69,330	75	20	55
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	20	15	10	82,410	18,370	64,045	60	15	45
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	340	205	140	125	60	60	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	625	300	330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60	40	15	10	0	0	265,025	144,230	120,800	145	75	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	285	165	115	115	60	60	831,975	403,415	428,560	480	220	260
Location of study inside Canada	245	145	100	110	55	60	598,455	286,340	312,115	220	85	130
Same as province or territory of residence	245	140	100	105	55	55	566,540	270,160	296,380	205	80	130
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	10	10	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	40	20	15	0	0	0	233,520	117,075	116,445	260	135	125
Americas	10	0	0	0	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	15	15	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	10	0	0	0	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	40	25	15
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	15	10	0
Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	65	25	40
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	10	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	20	0	20
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	15	10	10
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	140	75	65
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	15	10	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	20	10	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	85	45	40
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	450	245	200	205	105	100	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	825	365	460
In the labour force	345	205	135	125	80	50	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	560	280	280
Employed	335	200	135	110	65	40	971,245	502,885	468,360	480	235	245
Unemployed	10	0	0	20	10	0	110,395	58,460	51,935	80	50	35
Not in the labour force	105	45	60	75	30	50	568,495	246,215	322,280	265	85	180
Participation rate	76.7	83.7	67.5	61.0	76.2	50.0	65.5	69.5	61.8	67.9	76.7	60.9
Employment rate	74.4	81.6	67.5	53.7	61.9	40.0	58.9	62.3	55.6	58.2	64.4	53.3
Unemployment rate	2.9	0.0	0.0	16.0	12.5	0.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	14.3	17.9	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	450	250	200	200	110	95	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	825	365	465
Did not work¹⁸⁶	100	45	50	70	30	40	582,470	253,075	329,400	290	100	195
Worked	350	205	150	130	75	60	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	530	260	270
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	210	125	85	70	40	30	529,400	287,950	241,450	260	145	115
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	140	80	60	65	35	25	538,265	266,540	271,725	275	120	150
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	43.8	41.2	41.6	39.5	44.0	39.7	40.2	39.3	37.0	38.4	35.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	340	205	140	130	80	50	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	560	280	275
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	30	0	20
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	340	205	140	130	80	50	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	535	275	260
Employee	320	185	130	85	50	35	907,745	457,830	449,915	470	230	235
Permanent position	260	155	105	70	35	35	741,830	380,445	361,385	400	205	195
Temporary position	55	30	30	15	15	0	165,915	77,385	88,530	65	30	40
Fixed term (1 year or more)	30	20	15	0	0	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	30	10	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	15	15	10	10	0	96,225	46,100	50,120	45	20	25
Self-employed¹⁹²	20	20	0	40	30	10	142,380	88,145	54,230	65	40	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	340	205	140	130	80	50	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	560	280	275
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	30	0	20
All occupations¹⁹¹	340	205	140	130	80	50	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	535	275	260
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	10	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	95	40	55	25	0	20	207,660	79,975	127,685	115	40	75
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	30	10	10	10	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	65	50	10
3 Health occupations	15	10	0	25	20	10	85,545	21,700	63,845	55	10	45
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50	10	35	20	15	10	140,500	46,385	94,115	20	0	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	15	10	10	10	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	10	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	60	45	15	30	15	15	263,055	135,300	127,750	155	85	70
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	35	35	0	0	0	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	65	45	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	10	10	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	15	0	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	35	25	20
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	340	205	140	130	80	50	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	560	280	275
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	30	0	20
All industries¹⁹¹	340	205	140	130	80	50	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	535	275	260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	20	15	0	0	0	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	105	70	40
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	10	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	25	10	20
44-45 Retail trade	25	15	10	15	10	0	111,555	56,180	55,375	80	40	40
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	15	0	0	0	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	65	45	20
51 Information and cultural industries	30	25	10	0	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	30	15	15	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	20	10	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	20	10	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	55	30	30	25	20	0	130,405	75,750	54,655	30	10	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	15	0	0
61 Educational services	50	25	25	15	10	10	95,290	34,510	60,780	15	10	10
62 Health care and social assistance	20	10	15	30	10	15	142,545	36,095	106,450	55	10	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	15	10	0	15	10	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	30	20	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	10	10	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	20	10	15
91 Public administration	30	10	15	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	15	15	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	370	215	155	145	90	60	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	600	295	305
English	25	20	0	20	15	0	201,310	110,165	91,150	70	45	25
French	220	135	85	20	10	10	416,430	206,170	210,265	215	115	105
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	15	15	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	15	15	0
English and French	115	65	55	95	55	40	473,485	249,700	223,785	250	100	155
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	15	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	370	215	155	145	90	60	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	600	295	305
Single responses	360	215	150	80	50	35	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	490	240	255
Official languages	355	215	145	80	50	35	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	465	215	255
English	50	35	10	35	20	15	361,715	194,885	166,835	135	65	75
French	310	175	130	45	20	20	645,885	327,180	318,705	325	150	180
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	25	25	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	25	25	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	15	15	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	15	15	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	15	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	0	60	40	20	126,180	65,940	60,240	110	55	55
English and French	10	0	0	60	40	20	116,535	60,925	55,605	95	55	40
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	370	215	155	145	90	60	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	600	295	305
None	255	160	95	100	65	35	743,180	381,875	361,305	400	230	170
English	80	40	40	20	15	10	219,885	116,455	103,430	95	25	75
French	25	15	10	15	0	10	149,470	78,495	70,975	75	25	50
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	15	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	15	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	335	200	130	105	70	40	971,245	502,885	468,360	480	235	245
Worked at home	130	60	65	40	20	20	298,820	151,335	147,485	140	55	85
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	15	10	0	0	0	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	45	35	15
Usual place of work	195	135	60	65	45	20	580,035	286,695	293,340	290	140	150
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	195	135	60	65	45	20	580,035	286,695	293,340	290	145	150
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	155	110	45	30	25	10	427,475	202,010	225,465	230	105	125
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	10	0	20	10	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	25	15	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	35	20	15	15	10	10	58,865	35,690	23,175	30	20	15
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	205	140	65	70	45	25	669,150	349,485	319,665	340	175	165
Car, truck or van	115	90	25	70	45	25	395,615	229,315	166,300	255	165	95
Car, truck or van - as a driver	105	80	25	70	45	25	365,770	218,475	147,295	250	165	90
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	10	0	10
Public transit	35	15	20	0	0	0	177,860	74,605	103,260	55	10	50
Walked	40	35	0	0	0	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	0	10
Bicycle	10	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	15	0	10	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	15	10	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	205	140	65	70	45	25	669,150	349,485	319,665	340	175	165
Less than 15 minutes	30	25	10	15	10	0	125,240	61,185	64,055	55	25	30
15 to 29 minutes	70	50	20	35	30	0	241,005	129,590	111,420	165	105	55
30 to 44 minutes	80	50	25	20	0	10	176,925	96,710	80,215	80	35	40
45 to 59 minutes	20	10	15	0	0	0	67,635	33,110	34,530	30	0	30
60 minutes and over	10	10	0	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	15	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	205	140	65	70	45	25	669,150	349,485	319,665	340	175	165
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	0	0	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	10	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	30	20	10	0	0	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	65	40	30
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	55	25	30	10	10	0	166,695	79,410	87,280	75	50	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	45	15	25	20	0	149,185	68,865	80,320	70	25	45
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	15	0	20	15	10	106,855	50,615	56,240	60	25	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	30	0	10	0	0	112,350	65,830	46,520	55	25	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	95	45	45	40	20	15	371,310	189,920	181,390	300	150	150
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	25	15	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	35	20	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	45	40	15	5	10	262,245	133,605	128,640	260	130	135
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	65	35	35	30	20	15	264,905	135,505	129,395	205	110	95
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	20	10	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	30	15	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	20	15	5	67,535	34,945	32,590	30	15	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	35	30	10	5	10	182,020	92,755	89,270	180	90	85

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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