Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662030More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24663202More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	486	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	809	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	302	...	...	976,966	...	...	402	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	278	...	...	910,359	...	...	376	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	20,000.0	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	12,780.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.02	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.06	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	485	245	240	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	810	395	410
0 to 14 years	50	20	25	309,765	158,545	151,225	125	45	75
0 to 4 years	25	10	10	99,195	50,760	48,435	30	15	15
5 to 9 years	10	5	5	106,985	54,660	52,320	50	20	30
10 to 14 years	15	10	5	103,590	53,120	50,470	40	10	30
15 to 64 years	415	210	210	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	560	290	270
15 to 19 years	15	10	5	97,525	49,340	48,180	40	20	15
20 to 24 years	55	25	25	140,025	70,895	69,125	60	35	25
25 to 29 years	95	40	60	165,525	83,630	81,895	80	45	30
30 to 34 years	80	45	45	157,725	78,995	78,730	70	35	40
35 to 39 years	40	20	20	149,265	74,115	75,155	65	30	30
40 to 44 years	40	25	20	142,365	70,920	71,445	55	25	30
45 to 49 years	30	15	15	125,505	62,690	62,815	50	25	25
50 to 54 years	25	15	5	121,710	61,735	59,975	55	25	30
55 to 59 years	20	10	5	125,465	63,810	61,655	35	20	15
60 to 64 years	15	10	10	118,065	57,920	60,140	45	20	30
65 years and over	25	10	5	351,325	151,210	200,120	125	55	70
65 to 69 years	10	10	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	40	20	20
70 to 74 years	0	0	0	86,030	39,185	46,845	40	15	25
75 to 79 years	5	5	0	63,215	27,320	35,895	25	10	10
80 to 84 years	5	0	0	46,875	18,960	27,915	10	5	5
85 years and over	0	0	0	55,885	19,015	36,870	15	10	5
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	15	10	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	5	0	5
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.3	8.2	10.4	15.5	16.1	14.8	15.4	11.4	18.3
15 to 64 years	85.6	85.7	87.5	67.0	68.5	65.6	69.1	73.4	65.9
65 years and over	5.2	4.1	2.1	17.5	15.4	19.6	15.4	13.9	17.1
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.8	1.9	3.6	1.9	2.5	1.2
Average age of the population	34.3	35.6	32.8	41.0	39.8	42.1	39.8	39.6	39.9
Median age of the population	31.2	32.8	30.4	39.6	38.4	40.4	38.0	37.6	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	280	...	...	910,360	...	...	375	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	5	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	10	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	110,440	...	...	135	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	275	...	...	479,885	...	...	70	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	165	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	280	...	...	910,355	...	...	375	...	...
1 person	140	...	...	367,400	...	...	140	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	271,730	...	...	125	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	118,205	...	...	60	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	98,205	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	54,820	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	485	245	245	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	805	400	410
Average household size	1.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	440	220	215	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	685	350	340
Married or living common-law	210	105	105	822,440	414,330	408,115	340	170	170
Married	50	25	30	577,060	289,455	287,600	250	120	130
Living common-law	155	80	80	245,385	124,870	120,510	90	50	45
Living common law - Never married	155	75	80	207,040	104,785	102,250	70	30	35
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	0	0	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	20	10	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	225	115	110	872,060	410,935	461,125	350	180	165
Not married and not living common law - Never married	195	95	95	627,845	333,150	294,700	260	150	110
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	0	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	25	15	10	126,605	46,380	80,225	60	20	40
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	82,815	16,590	66,225	20	5	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	120	...	...	495,445	...	...	200	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	251,075	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	107,265	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	93,300	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	115	...	...	495,445	...	...	200	...	...
Total couple families	100	...	...	395,645	...	...	165	...	...
Married couples	25	...	...	273,070	...	...	120	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	162,745	...	...	70	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	110,325	...	...	50	...	...
Common-law couples	80	...	...	122,570	...	...	45	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	44,875	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	77,700	...	...	35	...	...
Total one-parent families	15	...	...	99,805	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10	...	...	80,530	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	485	245	240	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	805	395	410
Total - Persons in census families	285	140	145	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	555	255	300
Married spouses or common-law partners	205	105	100	791,280	398,495	392,785	330	165	165
Parents in one-parent families	15	5	10	99,805	19,275	80,525	35	5	25
Children⁶	65	30	35	541,905	284,935	256,965	190	85	105
In a two-parent family	45	25	25	392,250	205,155	187,095	140	65	80
In a one-parent family	20	10	10	149,655	79,785	69,865	45	25	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	200	105	95	526,370	262,915	263,450	250	140	115
Living alone	145	70	70	367,395	175,660	191,740	135	70	70
Living with other relatives⁷	5	0	0	49,280	22,020	27,255	40	25	15
Living with non-relatives only	50	30	20	109,690	65,235	44,455	75	50	30
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	280	...	...	910,360	...	...	375	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	110	...	...	455,970	...	...	185	...	...
Couple-family households	100	...	...	370,250	...	...	155	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	194,165	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	70	...	...	176,085	...	...	75	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	85,720	...	...	30	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	55,210	...	...	40	...	...
One-person households	145	...	...	367,395	...	...	135	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	435	225	215	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	685	350	335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	430	220	215	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	650	330	320
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,200	35,200	37,600	39,600	36,000	40,000	40,800	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	430	220	215	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	650	330	320
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,800	31,600	34,000	35,200	32,800	36,000	36,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	410	205	200	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	590	305	290
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	25,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	33,600	38,400	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	385	195	195	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	505	265	245
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	36,800	24,800	32,800	36,000	29,600	32,400	38,000	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	365	180	190	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	515	245	270
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	5,880	9,300	10,800	9,600	12,000	8,700	8,500	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65	30	35	171,705	84,570	87,145	50	30	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,800	5,600	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,240	4,880	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	200	100	105	529,640	276,110	253,530	225	135	100
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,200	10,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	430	190	245	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	680	325	360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	180	245	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	650	320	330
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,800	49,200	43,200	53,250	60,050	46,760	49,700	50,800	48,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	180	245	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	650	320	330
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	40,800	37,200	42,520	46,280	38,960	41,900	42,400	41,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	420	180	240	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	615	310	305
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,600	35,200	48,960	57,350	40,640	42,800	44,800	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	165	225	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	525	285	245
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,200	32,800	48,760	55,650	41,480	42,000	42,000	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	350	155	190	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	540	255	280
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,680	10,000	11,300	12,040	10,900	13,040	11,080	9,900	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55	30	25	171,360	84,435	86,925	50	30	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	6,800	11,000	6,840	6,065	7,590	5,200	7,200	2,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	180	90	95	528,305	276,300	252,005	225	135	90
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,400	9,600	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,600	8,800	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	430	190	245	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	685	325	355
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	200	80	115	514,340	278,505	235,830	235	115	120
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,800	57,200	38,400	60,000	63,600	56,000	56,400	54,000	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,000	69,000	47,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	62,000	59,000	65,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	165	70	95	504,455	247,565	256,895	240	155	90
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,600	16,600	11,600	16,400	17,400	15,500	12,300	10,800	12,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	20,000	19,600	26,920	29,400	24,520	25,600	28,400	20,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	82.0	79.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	82.0	84.0	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.0	79.0	70.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	68.5	72.0	65.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.0	17.5	20.4	18.9	14.4	24.4	18.4	15.8	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.0	2.8	1.4	1.1	1.7	0.8	1.2	0.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	10.0	10.8	9.2	6.4	5.9	7.0	6.7	7.5	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.2	10.4	8.4	5.7	5.4	6.0	6.0	7.2	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	435	220	215	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	685	350	340
Without total income	5	5	0	65,020	32,205	32,820	40	20	20
With total income	430	215	215	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	645	330	315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	10	138,250	65,670	72,580	65	35	30
$10,000 to $19,999	55	20	40	200,450	93,060	107,390	75	40	40
$20,000 to $29,999	80	40	35	286,825	131,235	155,595	100	45	50
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	35	215,455	102,705	112,755	85	40	50
$40,000 to $49,999	45	25	15	181,505	86,460	95,040	60	25	35
$50,000 to $59,999	45	35	15	138,185	64,805	73,380	60	25	40
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	20	100,060	48,510	51,550	50	20	30
$70,000 to $79,999	20	5	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	35	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	20	5	15	58,400	30,060	28,335	35	20	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	35	25	10	149,555	92,680	56,875	65	45	20
$100,000 to $149,999	25	20	5	90,980	53,275	37,705	40	30	10
$150,000 and over	10	5	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	25	20	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	435	220	215	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	685	350	340
Without after-tax income	5	5	0	64,605	32,005	32,605	40	20	20
With after-tax income	430	215	215	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	645	330	315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	10	10	144,275	67,955	76,320	70	40	35
$10,000 to $19,999	60	20	35	210,975	98,495	112,480	85	45	40
$20,000 to $29,999	100	50	45	334,395	155,845	178,545	105	50	55
$30,000 to $39,999	80	45	35	257,145	124,835	132,315	100	45	50
$40,000 to $49,999	50	35	20	204,980	97,805	107,175	80	30	50
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	25	139,760	67,315	72,450	80	45	40
$60,000 to $69,999	25	10	20	93,705	46,700	47,005	40	25	20
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	25	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	38,975	21,640	17,335	20	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	10	15	0
$100,000 and over	10	10	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	30	20	5
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	10	5	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	20	10	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	435	220	215	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	685	350	340
Without employment income	50	25	25	495,060	212,405	282,660	180	85	95
With employment income	390	195	190	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	505	265	240
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	20	20	167,560	82,405	85,155	95	45	50
$5,000 to $9,999	45	20	30	111,575	52,975	58,595	45	25	20
$10,000 to $19,999	55	20	30	151,350	72,815	78,530	55	35	25
$20,000 to $29,999	50	20	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	45	15	25
$30,000 to $39,999	40	25	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	40	20	20
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	10	104,250	51,950	52,300	35	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	35	25	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	66,190	35,045	31,145	30	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	15	0	10	52,585	28,500	24,080	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	25	5	15	46,000	24,150	21,850	25	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	15	5	5
$100,000 and over	30	25	5	115,575	74,545	41,030	50	40	10
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	5	47,525	28,870	18,655	20	15	5
$125,000 and over	15	10	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	35	25	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	435	225	215	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	685	350	335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	420	215	205	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	630	315	320
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,600	33,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	34,800	37,200	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	420	215	205	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	630	315	320
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,400	30,400	31,000	32,800	29,400	32,000	33,600	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	395	195	200	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	585	295	285
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,800	33,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	31,800	37,600	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	370	190	180	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	485	250	235
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,000	33,200	33,600	36,800	30,400	33,600	39,200	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	155	165	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	450	215	240
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,450	1,440	1,490	4,440	2,760	7,300	2,960	2,140	5,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	10	10	114,940	56,080	58,855	35	15	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,400	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	430	190	245	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	680	325	360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	405	180	225	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	645	310	340
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,200	42,400	42,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	45,500	49,200	41,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	405	180	225	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	645	310	340
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,400	35,200	35,600	39,800	43,800	35,920	38,000	40,800	35,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	175	220	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	610	295	315
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,600	41,600	40,000	49,080	57,750	40,560	42,200	47,600	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	355	160	195	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	505	260	245
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,600	43,200	38,400	48,720	55,750	41,240	42,600	43,600	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	335	150	190	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	470	225	245
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,020	3,450	4,480	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,840	6,120	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	25	20	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	10,000	6,000	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	430	190	245	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	685	325	355
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	190	80	105	507,645	274,575	233,070	230	115	115
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	38,800	45,200	36,000	54,400	58,400	50,400	56,000	58,800	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,000	62,000	41,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	63,200	60,000	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	140	70	70	462,020	227,495	234,530	205	120	85
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	23,400	28,000	21,800	23,200	20,400	13,900	14,000	13,100
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	26,000	33,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	27,600	30,800	22,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.0	92.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	87.0	92.0	84.0
Employment income (%)	84.0	90.0	79.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	73.5	74.0	73.0
Government transfers (%)	7.9	6.4	9.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	12.5	8.8	16.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	0.9	0.6	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	280	...	...	910,355	...	...	375	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	66,000	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	58,000	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	145	...	...	367,395	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	38,000	...	...	44,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	34,000	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	135	...	...	542,960	...	...	235	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	92,700	...	...	82,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	74,100	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	145	...	...	367,255	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,500	...	...	40,640	...	...	45,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	543,100	...	...	210	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	280	...	...	910,355	...	...	375	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...	17,665	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	57,720	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	41,545	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	42,630	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40	...	...	75,485	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	67,695	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	60,495	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	54,055	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	45,830	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	270,265	...	...	125	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	85,635	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	56,205	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	62,095	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	66,335	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	280	...	...	910,355	...	...	375	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...	17,965	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	27,485	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	63,030	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	48,815	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	50,890	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	47,120	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	85,490	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	75,625	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	65,530	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	45,065	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	45	...	...	197,490	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	78,870	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	45,905	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	30	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	120	...	...	501,830	...	...	210	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.5	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	179,195	...	...	80	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	88,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	208,260	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	95,875	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	59,600	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	195	105	90	477,085	240,895	236,195	210	115	95
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	35,200	36,800	34,400	34,800	34,000	37,600	36,400	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	30,600	33,200	31,200	31,200	31,200	36,000	32,400	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	110	...	...	501,905	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	179,455	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	208,375	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	95,455	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	200	75	125	476,520	240,280	236,245	245	125	125
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	42,000	40,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	47,200	45,000	50,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	36,000	35,500	37,600	37,920	37,280	39,200	37,500	41,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	485	245	240	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	805	395	410
0 to 17 years	60	25	30	365,020	186,710	178,315	140	60	85
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	35	20	20
18 to 64 years	405	205	205	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	535	280	260
65 years and over	20	10	5	317,425	140,270	177,155	125	55	70
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	75	40	35	321,885	154,370	167,510	130	55	75
0 to 17 years	5	0	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	25	10	15
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	65	30	35	197,020	99,310	97,710	90	40	50
65 years and over	5	5	0	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.6	16.0	15.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	15.8	14.0	18.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	18.0	16.0	20.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	25.0	x	30.0
18 to 64 years (%)	16.0	15.0	17.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	16.0	14.8	17.5
65 years and over (%)	25.0	40.0	x	22.2	19.4	24.5	12.0	8.0	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	490	245	240	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	805	395	410
0 to 17 years	55	30	30	365,025	186,705	178,315	145	60	80
0 to 5 years	25	10	10	120,610	61,615	58,995	35	15	20
18 to 64 years	410	205	200	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	540	275	260
65 years and over	25	15	10	317,425	140,265	177,155	125	55	65
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	60	35	30	213,720	108,905	104,815	115	65	55
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	20	10	15
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	55	30	25	153,385	81,765	71,620	90	55	35
65 years and over	5	5	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.8	14.0	11.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	14.6	16.5	12.4
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	15.0	16.0	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	25.0	30.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	13.6	15.0	13.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	16.4	19.5	13.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	6.0	x	8.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	485	245	240	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	805	395	410
In bottom half of the distribution	320	155	160	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	485	240	245
In bottom decile	80	45	40	298,540	147,890	150,655	155	80	75
In second decile	70	35	40	244,435	115,985	128,450	70	35	35
In third decile	60	30	35	240,895	116,550	124,345	105	50	50
In fourth decile	50	25	25	218,125	105,885	112,240	85	35	45
In fifth decile	60	25	30	194,765	95,185	99,580	75	35	40
In top half of the distribution	170	90	80	762,590	384,140	378,450	320	155	170
In sixth decile	30	15	15	172,200	85,100	87,095	65	30	35
In seventh decile	50	30	25	156,540	78,290	78,250	65	30	35
In eighth decile	40	20	20	144,120	72,600	71,525	60	30	30
In ninth decile	20	15	10	134,265	68,285	65,980	70	35	35
In top decile	25	10	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	70	35	35
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	490	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	805	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.374	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.485	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.324	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	490	245	240	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	810	395	415
English only	10	10	0	262,290	133,690	128,600	180	95	85
French only	100	45	50	486,845	221,005	265,840	85	35	50
English and French	375	190	185	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	535	260	280
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	45,860	18,340	27,520	10	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	490	245	240	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	810	395	415
English	55	30	25	605,220	303,380	301,835	365	195	175
French	425	210	210	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	345	165	180
English and French	10	5	5	173,785	88,480	85,300	90	30	60
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	44,430	17,640	26,790	10	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	490	245	240	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	810	395	415
Single responses	455	235	225	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	720	355	370
Official languages	400	195	200	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	455	235	225
English	40	25	15	322,315	162,085	160,230	190	110	85
French	360	175	190	870,975	428,435	442,540	260	125	135
Non-official languages	55	35	20	643,275	311,525	331,750	265	120	140
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	35	20	642,820	311,370	331,445	265	120	140
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	30	20	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	30	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	20	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	5	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	10	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	10	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	15	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	5	10	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	15	329,415	158,980	170,435	155	75	80
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	5	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	45	15	25
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	45	15	25
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	15	5	10
Russian	5	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	25	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	5	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	5	5	0
German	5	5	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	5	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	68,600	36,145	32,455	35	20	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	20	10	10
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	10	5	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	20,550	10,275	10,275	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	15	10	5
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	10	183,755	87,295	96,460	65	30	35
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	0	5	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	10	5	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	10	5	0
Romanian	5	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	10	5	5
Spanish	10	10	5	85,395	41,150	44,250	30	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	5	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	10	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	20	5	15
Chinese languages	5	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	20	5	15
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	15	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	20	143,450	71,980	71,470	85	40	50
English and French	15	10	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	30	10	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	20	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	47,185	23,615	23,570	25	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	10	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	490	245	240	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	810	395	415
English	30	20	15	340,470	170,050	170,425	215	120	95
French	330	165	165	779,125	383,000	396,125	210	100	110
Non-official language	5	0	5	204,395	96,705	107,690	85	40	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	5	0	5	204,315	96,670	107,645	85	40	50
English and French	70	35	35	173,135	89,205	83,935	110	45	65
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	135,390	66,995	68,400	70	40	30
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	180,900	85,935	94,965	40	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	65	25	40
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	15	5	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	490	245	240	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	810	395	415
Single responses	460	230	230	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	720	355	360
Official languages	455	230	225	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	555	285	275
English	45	30	20	479,850	239,270	240,580	290	155	135
French	405	200	205	956,130	471,155	484,975	270	125	145
Non-official languages	5	0	5	370,290	177,955	192,335	160	70	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5	0	5	370,125	177,895	192,235	160	70	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	20	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	20	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	15	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	10	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5	0	5	188,550	90,370	98,185	85	40	45
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	25	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	25	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	5	0	5
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	50,680	26,200	24,485	30	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	15	10	5
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	10	0	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	15,075	7,345	7,730	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5	13,990	6,770	7,220	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	12,080	5,855	6,225	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	95,835	44,515	51,315	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	5	5	5
Spanish	0	0	0	54,335	26,035	28,300	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	5	0	5
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	20	5	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	20	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	15	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	10	173,745	85,640	88,110	95	40	50
English and French	15	5	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	50	20	25
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	5	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	485	245	245	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	805	400	410
None	380	190	190	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	585	290	295
English	45	25	25	131,630	67,290	64,340	50	30	20
French	15	10	5	126,780	62,180	64,600	55	20	35
Non-official language	20	10	10	144,335	69,210	75,130	60	30	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	144,155	69,135	75,015	60	30	30
English and French	5	0	0	34,410	17,320	17,090	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	38,875	19,700	19,180	15	5	15
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	10	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	475	205	270	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	775	345	430
Official languages	475	205	270	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	770	345	425
English	365	155	205	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	690	315	375
French	450	190	260	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	560	225	330
Non-official languages	175	65	110	971,455	471,755	499,700	420	195	220
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	65	110	970,710	471,495	499,220	420	195	220
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	20	217,295	113,605	103,690	60	30	30
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	20	20	205,120	107,210	97,905	60	30	30
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	45	20	20	188,115	98,545	89,565	35	20	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	25	10	15
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	30	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	30	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	20	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	20	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	20	15	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	40	80	514,485	250,190	264,295	260	135	125
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	25	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	25	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	15	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	15	35,095	17,750	17,345	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	35	20	15	31,565	16,090	15,470	20	10	0
German	35	20	15	21,270	10,840	10,435	20	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	85	55	35
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	55	35	20
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	55	35	20
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	30	15	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	30	15	10
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	20	60	324,695	154,360	170,340	130	50	80
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0	107,285	51,300	55,985	45	25	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	20	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	20	0	10
Spanish	70	15	55	193,835	91,345	102,490	60	15	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	35	15	20
Chinese languages	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	35	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	35	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	475	205	270	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	775	350	430
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	475	205	270	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	770	350	420
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	475	205	270	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	775	350	430
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	475	205	270	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	775	350	430
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
Owner	55	...	...	360,125	...	...	125	...	...
Renter	215	...	...	550,240	...	...	260	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
Condominium	55	...	...	192,985	...	...	90	...	...
Not condominium	220	...	...	717,375	...	...	300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	25	...	...
1 bedroom	140	...	...	267,715	...	...	115	...	...
2 bedrooms	70	...	...	303,875	...	...	155	...	...
3 bedrooms	40	...	...	220,945	...	...	65	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...	98,090	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	165	...	...	501,570	...	...	225	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	166,230	...	...	60	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	78,495	...	...	65	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	58,850	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.3	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
One person or fewer per room	265	...	...	881,730	...	...	370	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
Suitable	265	...	...	834,885	...	...	345	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
1960 or before	210	...	...	325,005	...	...	220	...	...
1961 to 1980	55	...	...	282,605	...	...	110	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	101,185	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	15	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	205	...	...	833,540	...	...	340	...	...
Major repairs needed	65	...	...	76,815	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
One-maintainer household	180	...	...	543,605	...	...	235	...	...
Two-maintainer household	85	...	...	333,140	...	...	135	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	33,620	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...	40,960	...	...	40	...	...
25 to 34 years	110	...	...	162,375	...	...	55	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	171,535	...	...	80	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	155,520	...	...	70	...	...
55 to 64 years	55	...	...	156,865	...	...	60	...	...
65 to 74 years	15	...	...	122,825	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	70,345	...	...	25	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	265	...	...	902,485	...	...	385	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	190	...	...	686,075	...	...	265	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	75	...	...	216,410	...	...	110	...	...
30% to less than 100%	65	...	...	189,795	...	...	105	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	330,635	...	...	180	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	55	...	...	186,350	...	...	95	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	35	...	...
Major repairs needed only	45	...	...	50,745	...	...	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	18,075	...	...	15	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	150	...	...	579,720	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	255	...	...	875,865	...	...	370	...	...
In core need	45	...	...	87,945	...	...	30	...	...
Not in core need	215	...	...	787,925	...	...	340	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	60	...	...	360,120	...	...	125	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.7	...	...	60.0	...	...	64.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.3	...	...	17.4	...	...	24.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,470	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,640	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	650,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	560,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	650,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	215	...	...	550,235	...	...	265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.9	...	...	28.4	...	...	33.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	12.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	890	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,090	...	...	987	...	...	1,170	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	480	205	270	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	775	350	425
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10	0	10	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	0	10	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10	0	10	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	10	15	30,345	13,805	16,540	10	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	10	15	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	445	195	250	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	770	350	420
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	475	205	270	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	775	350	425
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	415	170	250	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	615	270	340
Canadian citizens aged under 18	60	25	35	322,965	164,980	157,985	85	20	60
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	355	145	210	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	525	250	280
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	55	35	25	313,410	160,530	152,885	165	75	85
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	475	205	270	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	775	350	425
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	345	140	205	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	395	185	210
Immigrants⁸¹	105	50	50	652,730	313,955	338,770	255	95	155
Before 1980	0	0	0	108,265	50,530	57,735	55	15	40
1980 to 1990	10	0	10	69,695	34,150	35,545	35	10	25
1991 to 2000	10	10	0	106,810	50,520	56,290	35	15	25
2001 to 2010	35	20	20	154,780	74,520	80,255	75	35	45
2011 to 2021⁸²	35	15	15	213,175	104,225	108,950	50	25	30
2011 to 2015	10	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	10	10	0
2016 to 2021	25	10	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	45	15	30
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	15	10	138,240	75,380	62,860	125	70	55
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	100	50	50	652,725	313,955	338,770	255	100	155
Under 5 years	20	0	15	52,990	26,810	26,180	15	0	10
5 to 14 years	20	15	0	103,285	51,965	51,320	35	0	30
15 to 24 years	0	0	0	118,475	53,035	65,440	30	0	20
25 to 44 years	50	20	35	326,320	158,620	167,700	145	70	70
45 years and over	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	35	15	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	100	50	50	652,725	313,955	338,770	255	100	155
Americas	15	0	15	137,955	63,465	74,485	30	10	20
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	15	10	0
Europe	65	35	30	158,795	76,610	82,190	110	50	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	40	15	20	42,245	22,305	19,935	20	10	15
Germany	10	10	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	15	0	10
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	10	10	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	15	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	15	10	0
Africa	20	10	10	152,205	77,515	74,690	40	10	30
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	15	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	15	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	10	37,215	18,545	18,670	20	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	202,715	95,775	106,935	70	30	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	15	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	15	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	25	10	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	10	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	25	10	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	45	15	30
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	10	19,140	9,995	9,145	15	0	15
France	10	0	10	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	20	10	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	10	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	475	205	270	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	775	350	430
First generation¹⁰⁰	140	70	75	813,905	400,325	413,580	380	170	215
Second generation¹⁰¹	50	15	35	424,225	212,755	211,475	160	75	85
Third generation or more¹⁰²	280	120	160	721,230	352,590	368,630	230	110	125
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	95	45	50	544,455	263,425	281,040	200	85	115
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	65	35	30	303,105	155,090	148,020	135	60	80
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	35	15	20	151,015	87,200	63,815	70	45	25
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	30	15	10	152,090	67,890	84,205	65	10	55
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	25	10	15	146,645	59,645	87,000	40	20	25
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	20	0	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	95	45	50	544,455	263,425	281,040	200	85	115
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	20	10	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	45	20	30	56,685	26,490	30,195	40	15	20
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	15	0	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	15	0	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	50	30	20	387,815	184,015	203,795	115	45	65
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	475	205	270	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	775	350	430
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	85	40	50	737,510	363,785	373,725	270	125	145
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	75	45	25
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	35	20	25
Black	20	10	15	208,805	101,125	107,680	55	20	35
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	30	0	20
Arab	40	20	20	151,890	79,375	72,515	20	10	10
Latin American	0	0	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	20	0	10
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	10	10	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	10	6,515	3,185	3,325	10	0	10
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	385	165	225	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	500	225	280
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	475	205	270	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	775	345	430
Canadian	60	25	35	241,015	115,880	125,135	70	35	40
English	25	20	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	40	20	20
Irish	40	15	25	102,325	48,885	53,440	75	20	55
Scottish	45	25	20	61,620	29,560	32,065	55	25	30
French, n.o.s.¹²²	150	60	90	336,880	169,710	167,170	130	45	85
German	25	15	10	40,360	19,305	21,050	15	10	0
Chinese	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	40	15	20
Italian	10	0	10	156,025	76,485	79,535	25	10	10
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	65	45	25
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	20	20	0
Québécois	90	40	50	108,910	54,650	54,260	15	10	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	30	10	15
French Canadian	20	0	10	66,400	31,740	34,655	45	15	30
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	10	10	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	10	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	20	20	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	15	10	10
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	25	20	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	20	0	15
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	15	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	0	10	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	20	10	15
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	45	20	25	44,795	22,825	21,970	30	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	10	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	10	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	15	10	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	475	205	275	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	775	350	425
Buddhist	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	10	0	0
Christian	110	45	60	969,945	451,410	518,540	295	115	180
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	0	0	0	116,635	55,545	61,090	20	15	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	105	45	55	675,695	314,690	361,010	205	70	135
Christian Orthodox	10	0	10	68,635	32,680	35,950	30	15	20
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	20	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	70	40	25
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	85	45	45
Muslim	35	10	25	233,440	121,145	112,290	50	25	30
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	325	145	180	590,140	310,985	279,165	270	125	145
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	475	205	270	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	770	350	425
Non-movers	375	160	215	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	625	270	360
Movers	95	45	55	255,365	129,500	125,865	150	80	70
Non-migrants	80	35	45	186,805	94,745	92,055	85	45	40
Migrants	20	0	10	68,560	34,750	33,810	55	35	25
Internal migrants	20	0	10	37,680	18,795	18,885	40	25	10
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	15	0	10	9,810	5,130	4,680	35	25	0
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	20	10	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	455	200	255	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	750	335	410
Non-movers	190	60	125	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	380	165	215
Movers	265	135	130	821,475	413,250	408,230	365	170	195
Non-migrants	115	80	40	433,700	216,030	217,670	110	45	60
Migrants	150	65	95	387,770	197,215	190,560	255	125	130
Internal migrants	95	40	60	190,035	93,955	96,075	125	55	75
Intraprovincial migrants	65	30	35	159,710	78,770	80,940	75	25	50
Interprovincial migrants	30	10	20	30,325	15,190	15,135	50	30	20
External migrants	55	25	30	197,735	103,260	94,485	125	70	65
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	430	190	245	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	680	325	355
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	75	45	30	274,820	136,500	138,320	55	25	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	360	140	215	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	630	300	330
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	335	140	190	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	425	215	210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40	25	15	121,295	65,950	55,345	20	10	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	295	120	175	975,700	481,690	494,005	405	210	200
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	435	190	245	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	680	325	355
No certificate, diploma or degree	65	40	30	247,460	120,840	126,625	35	15	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	45	15	25	319,755	162,520	157,240	95	35	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	325	135	185	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	550	275	275
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	50	55	473,060	232,855	240,210	170	95	75
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	15	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	45	30	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	15	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	25	10	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	20	20	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	35	40	260,845	122,345	138,495	110	55	55
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	0	25	66,045	28,760	37,285	20	10	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	215	85	130	609,855	291,355	318,505	380	180	200
Bachelor's degree	120	45	70	344,605	160,320	184,285	155	60	90
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	0	20	58,945	27,280	31,665	45	20	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	20	15	10
Master's degree	55	20	40	159,510	78,325	81,190	120	60	60
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	10	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	35	20	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	330	145	190	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	425	215	205
No certificate, diploma or degree	30	15	15	102,815	55,805	47,015	15	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25	10	15	162,205	88,420	73,785	40	20	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	275	120	160	831,975	403,420	428,555	375	190	185
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	40	50	333,160	167,260	165,895	110	65	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	15	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	25	20	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	15	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	10	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	30	30	174,185	84,745	89,445	60	30	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	0	20	48,580	21,830	26,755	20	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	185	75	110	498,815	236,155	262,665	270	125	140
Bachelor's degree	100	45	55	276,640	128,890	147,745	105	35	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	0	15	48,390	21,995	26,395	30	10	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	10	10	0
Master's degree	50	15	35	137,150	66,720	70,430	105	55	45
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	10	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	25	15	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	435	185	245	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	680	325	355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	110	50	60	567,220	283,355	283,860	130	50	80
Education	25	0	25	56,030	12,985	43,045	40	0	40
13. Education	25	0	25	56,030	12,985	43,045	40	0	40
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	70	30	35	69,210	32,705	36,505	25	10	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	70	30	35	61,135	27,085	34,045	20	0	15
Humanities	40	15	20	78,920	30,815	48,110	50	15	35
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	25	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	10	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	10	0	10	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	30	157,220	58,185	99,040	115	40	70
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	0	15	23,760	8,265	15,495	15	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	25	20	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	25	0	20
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	45	15	35
Business, management and public administration	65	30	35	248,895	110,950	137,945	80	60	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	15	11,535	2,785	8,745	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	30	25	237,125	108,040	129,090	75	55	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30	15	15	57,445	29,770	27,670	35	10	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	10	23,060	9,475	13,585	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	15	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	25	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	20	15	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	15	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	125	95	35
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	65	35	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	25	15	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	25	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	0	20	122,295	30,795	91,495	35	25	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	15	109,185	24,140	85,045	25	10	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	335	140	185	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	425	220	210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55	25	30	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	25	20
Education	20	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	35	0	35
13. Education	20	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	35	0	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50	25	25	54,840	26,500	28,340	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	50	25	25	48,205	21,870	26,335	10	0	0
Humanities	30	10	25	52,565	20,765	31,805	35	15	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	10	10	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	10	0	10	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	25	121,985	44,105	77,880	70	25	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	15	20,165	6,920	13,245	10	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	15	10	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	25	0	25
Business, management and public administration	60	30	30	199,525	87,920	111,600	55	45	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	8,920	2,215	6,705	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	30	25	190,410	85,600	104,810	50	40	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30	10	15	37,905	19,350	18,560	30	10	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	10	18,535	7,670	10,860	15	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	10	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	15	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	85	65	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	40	30	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	15	10	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	10	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	10	10	0
Health and related fields	25	10	20	92,595	23,265	69,330	25	10	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	10	10	82,410	18,370	64,045	10	0	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	335	140	185	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	425	220	210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55	25	30	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	25	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	280	115	165	831,975	403,415	428,560	380	190	185
Location of study inside Canada	205	90	115	598,455	286,340	312,115	230	115	115
Same as province or territory of residence	175	80	95	566,540	270,160	296,380	220	110	115
Different than province or territory of residence	30	10	20	31,915	16,180	15,735	15	10	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	70	25	45	233,520	117,075	116,445	145	75	70
Americas	10	0	10	41,560	21,015	20,550	30	10	20
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	10	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	10	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	65	25	40	74,705	39,515	35,190	50	35	15
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	50	15	30	43,480	23,805	19,675	25	15	10
Germany	15	10	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	60	30	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	10	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	15	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	25	15	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	435	190	245	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	680	325	355
In the labour force	350	150	200	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	485	275	210
Employed	310	135	180	971,245	502,885	468,360	410	230	180
Unemployed	35	15	20	110,395	58,460	51,935	75	40	30
Not in the labour force	85	40	45	568,495	246,215	322,280	195	50	145
Participation rate	80.5	78.9	81.6	65.5	69.5	61.8	71.3	84.6	59.2
Employment rate	71.3	71.1	73.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	60.3	70.8	50.7
Unemployment rate	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	15.5	14.5	14.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	435	185	245	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	680	325	355
Did not work¹⁸⁶	60	30	35	582,470	253,075	329,400	190	45	150
Worked	375	160	210	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	490	285	205
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	205	85	115	529,400	287,950	241,450	250	130	120
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	170	75	90	538,265	266,540	271,725	240	150	85
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.6	40.6	39.7	40.2	39.3	42.0	41.2	43.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	345	145	200	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	480	270	210
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	30	10	20
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	340	140	200	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	455	265	190
Employee	270	105	160	907,745	457,830	449,915	370	195	175
Permanent position	210	85	125	741,830	380,445	361,385	305	150	150
Temporary position	55	20	35	165,915	77,385	88,530	65	45	20
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	10	15	69,690	31,285	38,405	40	20	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	10	15	96,225	46,100	50,120	35	25	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	75	35	40	142,380	88,145	54,230	85	70	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	345	145	200	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	480	270	210
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	30	10	20
All occupations¹⁹¹	340	140	200	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	455	265	190
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	20	35	207,660	79,975	127,685	70	35	40
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	10	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	70	40	30
3 Health occupations	20	0	10	85,545	21,700	63,845	20	15	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	80	25	55	140,500	46,385	94,115	95	40	55
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	60	30	30	61,790	31,615	30,175	35	20	15
6 Sales and service occupations	90	30	60	263,055	135,300	127,750	90	55	40
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	20	20	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	55	50	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	345	145	200	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	480	270	210
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	30	10	20
All industries¹⁹¹	340	140	200	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	455	265	190
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	25	15	10
31-33 Manufacturing	25	0	15	86,535	58,295	28,235	25	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	45	20	25	111,555	56,180	55,375	20	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	0	10	56,160	43,355	12,805	30	25	0
51 Information and cultural industries	35	20	10	43,110	26,250	16,865	40	20	15
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	15	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	35	15	20	130,405	75,750	54,655	70	40	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	0	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	25	15	10
61 Educational services	50	20	20	95,290	34,510	60,780	70	25	45
62 Health care and social assistance	35	10	20	142,545	36,095	106,450	35	20	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	25	10	15	23,355	12,045	11,315	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	30	10	15	59,510	32,125	27,380	35	25	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	10	15	43,990	17,935	26,050	25	10	15
91 Public administration	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	10	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	380	160	215	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	505	285	215
English	40	25	15	201,310	110,165	91,150	170	110	60
French	185	80	105	416,430	206,170	210,265	100	55	50
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	145	50	95	473,485	249,700	223,785	210	105	105
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	15	15	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	380	160	215	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	505	285	215
Single responses	355	150	200	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	460	260	195
Official languages	350	145	200	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	460	260	195
English	75	25	50	361,715	194,885	166,835	265	160	100
French	270	120	150	645,885	327,180	318,705	195	100	95
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	15	126,180	65,940	60,240	50	30	20
English and French	25	10	15	116,535	60,925	55,605	40	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	380	160	215	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	505	285	215
None	250	110	140	743,180	381,875	361,305	320	190	130
English	85	40	45	219,885	116,455	103,430	90	45	45
French	35	0	35	149,470	78,495	70,975	80	40	40
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	310	135	180	971,245	502,885	468,360	410	230	175
Worked at home	95	35	60	298,820	151,335	147,485	155	90	65
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	50	30	25	89,120	62,795	26,325	35	25	10
Usual place of work	170	75	95	580,035	286,695	293,340	215	120	100
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	165	75	95	580,035	286,695	293,340	215	115	100
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	150	60	90	427,475	202,010	225,465	175	90	85
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	35	20	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	10	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	220	100	120	669,150	349,485	319,665	255	140	115
Car, truck or van	55	30	20	395,615	229,315	166,300	115	70	45
Car, truck or van - as a driver	50	30	10	365,770	218,475	147,295	110	70	45
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	60	15	45	177,860	74,605	103,260	100	60	40
Walked	50	20	35	61,160	26,300	34,860	35	15	25
Bicycle	55	35	20	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	220	100	120	669,150	349,485	319,665	255	140	115
Less than 15 minutes	60	30	30	125,240	61,185	64,055	35	20	15
15 to 29 minutes	90	35	50	241,005	129,590	111,420	110	55	60
30 to 44 minutes	45	20	20	176,925	96,710	80,215	75	45	30
45 to 59 minutes	20	0	15	67,635	33,110	34,530	15	15	0
60 minutes and over	10	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	15	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	220	100	120	669,150	349,485	319,665	255	140	115
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	10	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	0	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	25	20	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35	10	25	166,695	79,410	87,280	60	25	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	95	40	50	149,185	68,865	80,320	65	30	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35	20	20	106,855	50,615	56,240	45	20	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25	10	20	112,350	65,830	46,520	50	35	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	55	25	25	371,310	189,920	181,390	145	65	80
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	109,065	56,315	52,750	60	25	40
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	25	25	262,245	133,605	128,640	80	40	45
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	30	20	15	264,905	135,505	129,395	110	45	65
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	82,880	42,755	40,130	50	15	30
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	40	15	25
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	20	15	182,020	92,755	89,270	65	30	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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