Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661967More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24663020More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660536More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,004	...	...	1,980	...	...	1,825	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	628	...	...	955	...	...	753	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	563	...	...	912	...	...	722	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,800.2	...	...	3,611.2	...	...	18,123.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.26	...	...	0.55	...	...	0.10	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,005	555	450	1,980	880	1,100	1,825	860	960
0 to 14 years	120	70	55	350	170	180	335	165	170
0 to 4 years	50	30	20	115	60	55	95	50	50
5 to 9 years	35	25	15	125	60	60	135	55	80
10 to 14 years	35	20	15	115	45	70	105	65	40
15 to 64 years	795	430	370	1,220	560	665	1,160	585	580
15 to 19 years	30	15	10	95	50	50	115	60	55
20 to 24 years	60	25	30	100	40	60	115	55	60
25 to 29 years	125	60	65	100	45	55	105	55	50
30 to 34 years	150	85	70	145	65	85	105	50	55
35 to 39 years	125	60	60	145	65	85	145	65	80
40 to 44 years	100	55	45	140	65	70	125	65	65
45 to 49 years	85	50	30	135	70	65	125	60	70
50 to 54 years	45	25	20	130	55	75	130	70	65
55 to 59 years	45	20	25	125	55	65	110	65	45
60 to 64 years	45	25	20	110	50	65	90	45	40
65 years and over	85	50	30	410	155	250	325	110	210
65 to 69 years	20	10	10	100	35	65	75	30	45
70 to 74 years	30	15	5	115	45	70	65	20	45
75 to 79 years	15	10	5	95	40	55	65	20	45
80 to 84 years	15	15	0	60	20	35	60	20	45
85 years and over	5	5	5	35	15	25	55	20	30
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	25	15	15	35	10	25
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	10	0	10	15	5	5
95 to 99 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.9	12.6	12.2	17.7	19.3	16.4	18.4	19.2	17.7
15 to 64 years	79.1	77.5	82.2	61.6	63.6	60.5	63.6	68.0	60.4
65 years and over	8.5	9.0	6.7	20.7	17.6	22.7	17.8	12.8	21.9
85 years and over	0.5	0.9	1.1	1.8	1.7	2.3	3.0	2.3	3.1
Average age of the population	37.6	37.8	37.3	42.0	40.5	43.2	40.4	38.7	41.9
Median age of the population	36.0	36.0	35.6	42.0	41.2	42.8	40.0	38.4	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	565	...	...	910	...	...	725	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	140	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	45	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	15	...	...	50	...	...	90	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	65	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	475	...	...	575	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	105	...	...	625	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	560	...	...	910	...	...	720	...	...
1 person	305	...	...	385	...	...	225	...	...
2 persons	165	...	...	255	...	...	175	...	...
3 persons	55	...	...	115	...	...	125	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	100	...	...	130	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	60	...	...	65	...	...
Number of persons in private households	965	540	430	1,975	875	1,095	1,825	860	960
Average household size	1.7	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	880	480	400	1,630	710	915	1,485	700	790
Married or living common-law	395	200	190	850	420	430	805	405	400
Married	170	85	80	710	350	355	755	380	375
Living common-law	220	120	105	140	70	70	50	25	25
Living common law - Never married	210	110	105	105	55	55	35	20	20
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	5	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	25	15	10	10	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Not married and not living common-law	485	275	210	780	295	485	680	295	385
Not married and not living common law - Never married	395	235	165	465	205	260	490	255	230
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	10	5	45	25	25	20	5	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	60	30	25	170	50	125	90	20	65
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	5	10	95	15	85	90	10	80
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	220	...	...	515	...	...	475	...	...
2 persons	140	...	...	255	...	...	170	...	...
3 persons	50	...	...	120	...	...	120	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	95	...	...	130	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	50	...	...	55	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	220	...	...	515	...	...	475	...	...
Total couple families	190	...	...	410	...	...	390	...	...
Married couples	80	...	...	345	...	...	365	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	205	...	...	260	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	140	...	...	105	...	...
Common-law couples	110	...	...	70	...	...	25	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	30	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	75	...	...	40	...	...	15	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	105	...	...	85	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	85	...	...	75	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	970	540	425	1,975	875	1,095	1,825	865	960
Total - Persons in census families	570	300	275	1,500	720	785	1,510	735	780
Married spouses or common-law partners	385	200	185	825	410	415	780	395	390
Parents in one-parent families	25	10	20	105	20	85	85	10	75
Children⁶	155	90	65	575	290	285	650	330	315
In a two-parent family	115	70	50	435	220	215	515	260	255
In a one-parent family	40	25	15	145	70	75	130	75	60
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	395	240	155	470	155	315	310	125	185
Living alone	305	185	115	385	120	265	225	95	135
Living with other relatives⁷	20	15	5	50	20	30	75	30	45
Living with non-relatives only	70	40	30	40	25	20	15	0	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	560	...	...	915	...	...	720	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	215	...	...	460	...	...	445	...	...
Couple-family households	190	...	...	365	...	...	365	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	200	...	...	260	...	...
Without children	120	...	...	165	...	...	110	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	95	...	...	75	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	30	...	...	15	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	35	...	...	25	...	...	30	...	...
One-person households	305	...	...	385	...	...	225	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	845	470	375	1,625	710	915	1,490	695	795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	805	450	355	1,560	675	885	1,410	665	745
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	47,200	46,000	38,400	41,200	36,800	31,000	33,200	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	805	450	355	1,560	675	885	1,410	665	745
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	41,200	41,200	34,800	36,400	33,200	29,000	29,800	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	725	410	320	1,375	605	770	1,180	570	610
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	45,600	42,800	30,000	35,600	25,400	22,400	27,800	18,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	660	370	290	1,105	510	595	940	495	450
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	49,600	49,200	34,000	39,600	29,800	24,800	30,400	20,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	625	335	290	1,320	530	790	1,235	545	690
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,800	9,200	12,900	10,700	14,000	11,800	8,900	14,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100	55	45	175	75	100	150	80	75
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,920	5,480	5,720	5,080	5,480	5,280	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	245	140	105	515	235	280	525	275	250
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,200	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	750	425	330	1,605	680	925	1,460	695	765
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	725	405	320	1,535	650	880	1,395	665	725
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,000	54,200	56,000	46,400	53,000	41,500	40,040	44,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	725	405	320	1,535	650	880	1,395	665	725
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,500	44,000	47,200	38,880	43,200	35,700	34,160	36,500	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	655	355	300	1,340	585	755	1,175	540	635
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	52,800	52,000	41,760	49,800	35,400	34,200	44,400	25,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	585	325	265	1,115	515	600	925	480	450
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,800	56,400	55,200	43,900	53,000	36,200	35,700	44,200	26,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	570	315	250	1,250	460	790	1,255	565	685
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,300	10,000	11,940	11,400	12,260	12,420	10,080	14,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75	45	30	145	55	95	160	80	75
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,200	5,600	5,700	5,400	5,800	5,300	5,100	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	190	120	75	445	195	250	550	305	245
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	8,400	8,800	8,720	9,200	8,300	9,480	9,500	9,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	750	420	325	1,605	680	925	1,460	695	765
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	355	215	140	540	270	265	340	200	135
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	67,000	63,600	60,800	68,000	51,600	56,000	63,200	44,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,400	72,000	68,000	68,800	80,000	57,200	62,400	70,000	52,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	190	90	95	390	180	210	475	235	245
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	24,400	25,800	20,200	14,400	23,400	13,600	14,100	13,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,200	30,000	44,000	25,700	25,800	25,600	22,700	28,400	17,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	87.0	86.0	79.0	85.0	73.2	72.0	81.0	62.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	82.0	83.0	80.0	69.2	79.0	59.6	59.4	70.5	46.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	13.4	14.0	21.0	15.1	26.6	28.0	19.2	38.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.2	0.9	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	5.1	4.2	6.2	5.7	6.8	10.4	10.3	10.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	4.6	3.6	5.4	5.1	5.7	9.3	9.6	9.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	840	465	380	1,625	710	915	1,485	700	790
Without total income	35	15	25	70	35	30	80	30	45
With total income	805	455	355	1,560	670	885	1,410	665	750
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	30	15	140	55	85	145	75	70
$10,000 to $19,999	95	55	40	165	70	95	235	100	135
$20,000 to $29,999	95	55	40	270	110	165	295	125	170
$30,000 to $39,999	105	55	55	230	95	140	215	100	120
$40,000 to $49,999	80	55	30	220	90	135	140	65	75
$50,000 to $59,999	75	30	40	140	60	80	90	35	50
$60,000 to $69,999	90	45	40	100	55	45	85	50	40
$70,000 to $79,999	60	30	30	80	35	45	60	25	30
$80,000 to $89,999	50	25	20	50	20	25	35	15	20
$90,000 to $99,999	35	25	10	35	20	20	25	20	10
$100,000 and over	80	55	25	115	70	50	80	50	30
$100,000 to $149,999	55	40	20	90	50	40	45	30	15
$150,000 and over	20	15	5	25	15	5	35	20	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	840	465	380	1,625	710	915	1,485	700	790
Without after-tax income	35	15	25	70	35	30	80	30	45
With after-tax income	805	455	355	1,560	670	885	1,410	665	750
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	30	20	140	55	85	150	80	70
$10,000 to $19,999	100	55	45	180	75	105	240	105	140
$20,000 to $29,999	130	75	55	330	135	200	340	145	195
$30,000 to $39,999	120	65	60	285	115	165	230	110	125
$40,000 to $49,999	105	50	55	220	100	120	145	60	85
$50,000 to $59,999	110	60	50	155	75	85	115	60	55
$60,000 to $69,999	85	45	40	80	40	40	75	30	45
$70,000 to $79,999	45	25	20	50	15	30	35	30	15
$80,000 to $89,999	25	25	5	45	25	20	15	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	5	25	15	10	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	25	20	10	40	30	15	45	30	15
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	5	25	15	10	25	15	10
$125,000 and over	5	10	0	15	10	0	15	10	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	840	465	380	1,625	710	915	1,485	700	790
Without employment income	185	95	90	525	205	320	545	205	340
With employment income	655	375	285	1,105	510	590	945	490	450
Under $5,000 (including loss)	60	45	15	170	70	105	150	60	90
$5,000 to $9,999	40	15	25	85	30	55	115	50	60
$10,000 to $19,999	70	30	35	135	60	80	150	70	80
$20,000 to $29,999	50	25	25	120	55	65	115	60	60
$30,000 to $39,999	65	35	25	115	50	65	80	45	35
$40,000 to $49,999	55	35	20	100	45	60	75	40	35
$50,000 to $59,999	60	25	35	90	40	50	50	30	20
$60,000 to $69,999	75	35	35	75	45	30	55	35	20
$70,000 to $79,999	55	30	25	50	20	25	35	20	20
$80,000 to $89,999	45	25	20	40	20	20	25	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	25	20	10	30	15	15	20	15	5
$100,000 and over	65	50	20	95	60	35	65	45	20
$100,000 to $124,999	35	25	10	50	30	20	25	20	5
$125,000 and over	35	25	10	50	30	20	40	25	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	845	470	375	1,625	710	915	1,490	695	795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	790	440	350	1,515	655	865	1,360	635	725
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	42,000	44,400	35,600	38,400	34,000	26,400	29,000	24,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	790	440	350	1,515	655	865	1,360	635	725
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	36,000	39,200	32,000	34,000	31,000	25,400	27,600	24,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	725	400	325	1,355	605	755	1,145	560	585
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	44,000	40,000	31,400	35,600	28,800	24,000	29,200	18,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	660	370	290	1,105	515	590	900	475	425
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	44,400	45,200	34,800	38,000	32,000	27,000	32,000	20,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	565	295	270	1,210	480	725	1,115	475	635
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,140	1,860	2,300	7,200	3,480	9,400	4,880	2,320	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	75	45	30	125	65	60	80	40	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,680	5,600	6,040	5,400	6,400	5,760	5,520	7,300
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	750	425	330	1,605	680	925	1,460	695	765
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	710	395	315	1,495	625	870	1,315	620	695
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,200	51,400	53,200	44,480	51,400	39,500	35,040	40,800	29,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	710	395	315	1,495	625	870	1,315	620	695
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,900	42,000	44,000	36,880	41,200	33,700	30,000	33,400	26,900
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	655	350	305	1,325	570	760	1,120	540	585
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,000	52,600	49,200	42,400	50,800	36,000	32,800	42,400	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	600	335	265	1,125	510	610	865	460	405
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,800	53,000	52,800	44,300	53,000	37,000	35,600	44,000	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	515	270	245	1,185	445	735	1,095	475	625
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	6,160	7,300	8,640	7,120	9,560	8,380	5,100	10,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50	25	25	105	60	55	50	15	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	6,000	12,000	6,500	4,400	8,800	13,200	7,000	17,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	750	420	325	1,605	680	925	1,460	695	765
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	360	220	140	545	270	280	330	200	135
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	61,200	58,400	50,800	62,400	46,000	46,000	56,400	34,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,000	67,000	59,000	64,400	77,000	52,000	56,400	65,500	42,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	180	80	95	360	160	200	405	205	200
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,800	33,600	39,200	26,000	20,200	27,200	15,700	16,200	13,500
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,000	37,000	50,000	30,400	30,400	30,400	24,700	31,200	18,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8	92.0	90.0	84.6	90.0	79.6	80.0	90.0	67.5
Employment income (%)	86.0	88.0	84.0	74.8	84.0	66.0	66.8	80.0	50.8
Government transfers (%)	9.4	8.2	10.8	15.4	9.9	20.5	20.0	9.6	32.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.8	1.1	0.8	1.3	1.5	0.5	2.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	560	...	...	910	...	...	720	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	62,400	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	54,400	...	...	61,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	305	...	...	385	...	...	225	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	44,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	38,800	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	260	...	...	530	...	...	495	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	76,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	510	...	...	915	...	...	720	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	76,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,400	...	...	65,200	...	...	65,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	290	...	...	415	...	...	250	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	51,800	...	...	48,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	43,400	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	225	...	...	495	...	...	475	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	91,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	83,600	...	...	79,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	560	...	...	910	...	...	720	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	60	...	...	50	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	50	...	...	40	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	40	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	50	...	...	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	55	...	...	40	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	100	...	...	50	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	50	...	...	75	...	...	65	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	60	...	...	60	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35	...	...	60	...	...	55	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30	...	...	60	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 and over	165	...	...	225	...	...	195	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	65	...	...	75	...	...	60	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45	...	...	55	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	45	...	...	50	...	...	55	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	40	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	560	...	...	910	...	...	720	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	30	...	...	65	...	...	50	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	50	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	60	...	...	45	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	70	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	65	...	...	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	55	...	...	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	55	...	...	110	...	...	65	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	55	...	...	80	...	...	80	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	40	...	...	70	...	...	70	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	40	...	...	65	...	...	50	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25	...	...	40	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 and over	100	...	...	155	...	...	140	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	55	...	...	75	...	...	65	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	45	...	...	35	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	230	...	...	510	...	...	495	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	165	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	61,200	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	230	...	...	270	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	100	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	67,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	60,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	375	230	150	430	145	285	240	100	140
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	37,600	44,400	43,200	48,400	40,400	38,400	47,200	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	34,400	41,200	37,200	41,200	36,400	34,800	41,200	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	205	...	...	495	...	...	470	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	99,200	...	...	91,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	83,600	...	...	79,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	115	...	...	155	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	63,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	225	...	...	270	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	100	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	345	215	125	435	130	300	255	110	150
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,000	44,400	57,000	51,200	59,000	47,600	48,400	63,000	38,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,600	36,800	48,000	42,600	48,000	40,400	39,600	48,000	33,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	965	535	430	1,975	880	1,100	1,825	860	965
0 to 17 years	130	80	55	410	195	210	400	200	200
0 to 5 years	60	35	20	135	70	70	125	60	65
18 to 64 years	760	420	345	1,160	525	635	1,100	550	550
65 years and over	75	40	30	405	155	250	325	110	210
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	165	100	65	285	110	175	345	150	195
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	65	25	40	80	35	40
0 to 5 years	0	5	0	25	10	20	20	10	5
18 to 64 years	130	80	45	130	55	75	160	80	80
65 years and over	20	15	5	90	25	60	105	40	70
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.8	18.8	14.4	14.3	12.4	15.8	18.8	17.6	19.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	6.0	10.0	16.5	14.0	19.0	19.5	18.0	21.0
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	x	x	20.0	12.0	28.0	17.0	20.0	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	17.2	19.6	14.4	11.2	10.4	12.0	14.2	14.0	14.4
65 years and over (%)	28.0	32.0	25.0	21.2	18.0	23.0	33.5	34.0	33.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	970	540	425	1,975	875	1,095	1,825	865	960
0 to 17 years	135	75	55	405	195	215	400	200	200
0 to 5 years	60	40	20	135	65	70	120	60	60
18 to 64 years	760	415	340	1,165	530	630	1,100	550	550
65 years and over	70	45	30	410	155	250	320	110	210
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	125	80	50	170	70	100	180	80	100
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	45	20	30	40	15	20
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	15	5	10	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	115	70	45	95	45	50	90	45	50
65 years and over	5	5	5	25	5	20	50	15	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.2	14.4	11.6	8.7	8.0	9.2	9.9	9.2	10.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	x	x	11.6	10.0	13.0	9.5	9.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	14.0	8.0	18.0	9.0	12.0	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	15.0	16.5	13.2	8.2	8.4	7.8	8.4	8.4	8.4
65 years and over (%)	12.0	16.0	x	6.8	4.0	8.5	15.2	14.0	16.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	965	535	430	1,975	880	1,100	1,825	860	960
In bottom half of the distribution	560	315	250	1,260	530	725	1,275	590	685
In bottom decile	155	95	60	250	95	155	260	115	150
In second decile	125	70	55	210	85	125	290	135	160
In third decile	90	45	50	315	140	175	270	130	140
In fourth decile	90	50	40	245	100	145	250	115	130
In fifth decile	100	55	45	235	110	130	200	95	105
In top half of the distribution	405	220	180	715	345	375	550	275	275
In sixth decile	80	50	35	215	95	120	145	70	75
In seventh decile	100	55	45	180	90	90	160	80	75
In eighth decile	100	55	50	140	75	70	85	40	40
In ninth decile	80	45	35	95	45	50	90	45	45
In top decile	50	25	20	85	40	45	75	40	30
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	970	...	...	1,975	...	...	1,825	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.333	...	...	0.312	...	...	0.344	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.434	...	...	0.457	...	...	0.510	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.292	...	...	0.270	...	...	0.288	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4	...	...	3.3	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,000	550	450	1,980	880	1,100	1,825	865	965
English only	35	20	20	525	240	280	255	140	115
French only	280	160	120	160	70	95	345	130	210
English and French	670	365	305	1,225	545	685	1,115	545	565
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	60	20	45	115	45	70
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,000	550	450	1,980	880	1,100	1,825	865	965
English	95	45	50	1,035	485	550	445	240	205
French	820	460	355	575	235	345	865	380	480
English and French	75	40	35	310	145	165	405	195	210
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	60	20	45	115	45	70
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,000	550	450	1,980	880	1,100	1,825	865	965
Single responses	945	515	430	1,760	775	985	1,630	755	870
Official languages	735	405	330	865	380	485	520	235	285
English	55	25	30	450	215	235	105	60	40
French	685	385	300	415	160	250	415	175	240
Non-official languages	205	105	100	900	395	500	1,110	520	590
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	210	105	100	900	395	500	1,110	520	590
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	10	135	60	75	655	310	345
Berber languages	5	5	0	10	10	5	5	5	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	10	125	55	75	650	310	345
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	10	120	55	70	645	305	340
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	10	5	5	25	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
Vietnamese	10	5	5	10	5	5	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	20	10	10	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5	10	5	5	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	85	40	45	15	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	80	40	45	15	5	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	120	65	60	585	250	330	275	125	150
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	110	40	70	20	15	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	110	40	70	20	15	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	5	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	70	25	50	10	10	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	10	0	10	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	5	0	5
German	0	0	0	10	0	10	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5	10	5	5	15	5	10
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	10	265	125	145	65	35	35
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	220	105	115	45	20	20
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	90	40	50	15	5	10
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	80	40	40	10	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	25	15	10	15	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	45	15	30	20	15	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	0	45	15	30	20	15	10
Dari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	40	10	25	20	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	50	40	180	75	100	115	55	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	30	15	15	20	10	5
Portuguese	20	10	10	15	10	10	5	5	0
Romanian	5	5	0	65	30	35	40	15	20
Spanish	65	35	25	70	30	45	55	20	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	5	15	35	15	20	100	40	55
Chinese languages	20	5	15	35	15	20	100	40	55
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	10	20	10	15	60	30	35
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	10	0	5	35	10	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	35	20	215	105	115	200	105	90
English and French	20	10	10	65	30	35	25	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	75	40	35	45	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	35	15	20	85	55	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	40	15	20	35	20	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	5	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,000	550	450	1,980	880	1,100	1,825	865	965
English	45	20	25	525	240	280	120	65	55
French	640	355	280	285	120	165	355	145	210
Non-official language	80	45	30	315	145	170	435	205	230
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	80	45	30	315	145	170	435	205	230
English and French	90	45	40	195	85	110	90	45	45
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	290	135	155	150	75	75
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	25	100	45	55	300	130	165
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	30	30	245	110	135	365	190	180
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	20	10	15	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,000	550	450	1,980	880	1,100	1,825	865	965
Single responses	940	520	420	1,720	765	960	1,505	695	805
Official languages	815	450	370	1,145	495	650	735	335	395
English	75	35	40	730	330	395	235	120	110
French	745	415	330	420	165	250	505	220	290
Non-official languages	125	70	50	575	270	305	765	360	405
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	70	50	575	270	305	765	360	405
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	5	70	35	35	440	210	235
Berber languages	5	5	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	65	30	35	440	210	230
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5	65	30	35	440	210	230
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	65	30	35	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	65	30	35	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	40	35	385	175	210	200	95	110
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40	15	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	70	25	40	15	10	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	50	20	30	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	5	0	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	210	105	105	50	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	170	85	85	30	20	15
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	70	30	40	5	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	25	10	10	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	50	25	25	5	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	25	15	10	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	40	20	20	20	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	0	40	20	20	20	10	10
Dari	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	30	10	20	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	25	100	45	55	80	35	45
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	5	5	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	55	25	30	35	15	20
Spanish	45	20	20	35	15	25	45	20	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	30	15	15	75	35	40
Chinese languages	15	10	10	30	15	15	75	35	40
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	20	15	5	50	25	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	10	5	10	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	60	35	25	260	115	140	320	165	160
English and French	30	10	15	85	40	45	60	30	30
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	80	40	45	65	30	35
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	40	20	25	125	60	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	45	25	25	75	40	30
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,000	550	450	1,980	880	1,100	1,825	865	960
None	795	440	360	1,305	580	720	1,100	510	590
English	75	45	30	195	85	110	140	75	60
French	35	20	15	130	60	65	210	90	115
Non-official language	55	30	25	200	85	115	180	85	95
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	55	30	25	200	85	115	180	85	95
English and French	10	5	5	70	35	30	90	45	45
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	35	10	25	55	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	30	15	20	35	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	5	5	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	10	5	5	5	5	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	860	495	365	1,975	855	1,120	1,800	865	935
Official languages	850	485	360	1,905	835	1,065	1,700	825	870
English	605	340	265	1,730	775	960	1,410	725	685
French	810	465	345	1,360	590	770	1,430	680	750
Non-official languages	330	190	140	1,195	530	665	1,540	745	800
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330	190	140	1,195	530	665	1,535	740	800
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30	195	95	105	965	450	510
Berber languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	25	30	190	90	105	960	450	510
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	55	25	30	170	80	95	960	450	510
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	15	0	0	50	20	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15	0	0	50	20	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	15	0	10	0	0	15	0	15
Haitian Creole	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	65	25	40	25	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	50	20	30	25	15	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	215	120	95	825	345	475	475	250	225
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	190	65	125	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	190	65	125	15	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	125	35	90	10	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	20	10	15	20	15	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	10	20	10	10	20	15	0
German	10	0	10	20	10	10	20	15	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15	15	0	40	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages	20	20	0	360	165	195	185	95	90
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	320	140	175	125	60	65
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	155	65	90	40	15	30
Hindi	0	0	0	175	85	85	30	10	15
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	105	50	65	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	20	10	10	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	50	30	20	50	35	20
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	10	0	50	30	20	45	25	20
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	35	20	15	40	25	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	95	80	250	100	155	195	100	95
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	50	25	25	30	10	15
Portuguese	20	10	10	30	15	20	10	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	65	30	35	45	25	20
Spanish	135	85	60	125	40	80	130	75	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	25	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	75	40	35	90	50	40
Chinese languages	25	15	10	75	40	35	90	50	40
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	0	60	30	35	65	40	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	20	10	0	40	20	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	860	495	365	1,975	855	1,115	1,800	865	935
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	850	485	360	1,970	850	1,115	1,800	865	935
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	860	495	365	1,975	855	1,115	1,800	865	935
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	860	495	365	1,975	855	1,115	1,800	865	935
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	510	...	...	915	...	...	725	...	...
Owner	230	...	...	645	...	...	210	...	...
Renter	280	...	...	270	...	...	515	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	510	...	...	915	...	...	725	...	...
Condominium	205	...	...	540	...	...	260	...	...
Not condominium	310	...	...	370	...	...	465	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	510	...	...	915	...	...	725	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	185	...	...	155	...	...	195	...	...
2 bedrooms	210	...	...	540	...	...	375	...	...
3 bedrooms	65	...	...	165	...	...	130	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	50	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	510	...	...	915	...	...	725	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	390	...	...	605	...	...	545	...	...
5 rooms	85	...	...	140	...	...	60	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...	65	...	...	85	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...	60	...	...	15	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	45	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.7	...	...	4.5	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	510	...	...	915	...	...	725	...	...
One person or fewer per room	510	...	...	885	...	...	675	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	30	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	510	...	...	915	...	...	725	...	...
Suitable	490	...	...	835	...	...	570	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	75	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	510	...	...	915	...	...	725	...	...
1960 or before	130	...	...	40	...	...	60	...	...
1961 to 1980	95	...	...	210	...	...	225	...	...
1981 to 1990	45	...	...	195	...	...	50	...	...
1991 to 2000	35	...	...	60	...	...	30	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	140	...	...	20	...	...
2006 to 2010	20	...	...	160	...	...	295	...	...
2011 to 2015	65	...	...	70	...	...	45	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	115	...	...	40	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	510	...	...	915	...	...	725	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	485	...	...	895	...	...	685	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	20	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	510	...	...	915	...	...	725	...	...
One-maintainer household	345	...	...	610	...	...	425	...	...
Two-maintainer household	155	...	...	275	...	...	270	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	25	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	510	...	...	915	...	...	725	...	...
15 to 24 years	20	...	...	10	...	...	30	...	...
25 to 34 years	130	...	...	120	...	...	95	...	...
35 to 44 years	150	...	...	140	...	...	145	...	...
45 to 54 years	100	...	...	180	...	...	120	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	180	...	...	115	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	145	...	...	95	...	...
75 to 84 years	30	...	...	115	...	...	75	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	20	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	510	...	...	905	...	...	720	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	390	...	...	670	...	...	455	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	120	...	...	240	...	...	265	...	...
30% to less than 100%	115	...	...	225	...	...	255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	515	...	...	915	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	310	...	...	395	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	110	...	...	220	...	...	215	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	65	...	...	100	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	15	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	15	...	...	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	360	...	...	600	...	...	330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	500	...	...	890	...	...	710	...	...
In core need	60	...	...	70	...	...	110	...	...
Not in core need	440	...	...	825	...	...	605	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	230	...	...	645	...	...	210	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	89.1	...	...	64.3	...	...	64.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.0	...	...	18.0	...	...	16.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,160	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,760	...	...	1,190	...	...	1,570	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	480,000	...	...	356,000	...	...	528,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	285	...	...	265	...	...	515	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.9	...	...	45.3	...	...	44.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.2	...	...	19.6	...	...	18.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	750	...	...	1,120	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	1,160	...	...	1,264	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	855	490	365	1,970	860	1,115	1,805	870	940
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	835	480	360	1,965	855	1,110	1,795	860	930
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	855	490	365	1,975	860	1,115	1,805	865	940
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	730	415	310	1,600	705	900	1,255	625	640
Canadian citizens aged under 18	90	70	25	360	175	185	265	150	120
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	640	345	285	1,245	525	720	990	480	515
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	130	75	55	370	155	215	540	245	300
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	855	490	365	1,975	860	1,115	1,805	865	940
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	560	315	250	955	440	525	540	260	285
Immigrants⁸¹	230	135	95	890	360	530	1,200	575	620
Before 1980	25	20	0	100	30	70	65	25	40
1980 to 1990	25	10	15	155	65	90	125	55	70
1991 to 2000	20	15	0	160	70	90	210	105	105
2001 to 2010	70	35	35	180	80	105	225	115	110
2011 to 2021⁸²	95	50	40	285	110	175	575	270	305
2011 to 2015	50	30	20	125	45	80	145	60	80
2016 to 2021	40	20	20	155	65	90	430	210	225
Non-permanent residents⁸³	65	45	20	125	60	65	65	30	30
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	230	135	95	890	360	530	1,195	575	625
Under 5 years	15	0	15	55	20	35	95	35	55
5 to 14 years	25	20	0	125	40	85	215	115	100
15 to 24 years	25	15	10	135	45	90	175	80	95
25 to 44 years	165	95	75	465	205	260	555	270	285
45 years and over	0	0	0	105	40	70	155	75	85
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	230	135	95	890	360	530	1,195	575	625
Americas	65	30	30	95	40	55	70	35	30
Brazil	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	20	0	15	25	15	10
Europe	50	35	15	245	80	170	95	50	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	30	20	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	50	25	25	35	25	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	35	10	30	15	0	10
Africa	50	35	15	165	70	95	220	90	130
Algeria	0	0	0	40	20	20	25	10	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	50	20	30	50	20	35
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	10	20	10	15	65	20	40
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	20	0	45	20	25	60	35	30
Asia	65	30	30	385	165	215	815	400	420
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	20	15	0	30	15	15
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	25	10	20	215	105	110
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	150	160
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	15	10	50	25	30	55	35	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	15	10	10	35	20	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	150	60	85	35	10	20
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10	35	15	20	85	45	45
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	45	20	20	155	65	95	430	210	225
Americas	10	0	10	25	10	15	25	15	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	40	10	30	65	25	40
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	15	10	10	75	35	40	340	165	175
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10	10	0	25	0	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	860	495	365	1,975	855	1,115	1,800	865	935
First generation¹⁰⁰	325	195	125	1,030	420	610	1,285	625	660
Second generation¹⁰¹	100	75	30	450	235	215	390	205	185
Third generation or more¹⁰²	435	220	210	495	200	300	125	35	85
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	210	115	95	785	325	460	1,135	545	585
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	125	70	55	405	215	190	575	295	275
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	90	55	35	230	150	80	250	155	95
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	35	15	20	180	65	110	325	140	185
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	65	25	35	315	75	240	180	50	135
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	20	0	50	25	30	375	200	175
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	210	115	95	785	325	460	1,135	545	585
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	20	0	30	15	15	115	60	50
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	40	15	25	70	20	50	15	0	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	10	0	25	15	10	50	40	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	135	75	65	625	260	365	950	440	505
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	860	495	365	1,975	855	1,115	1,800	865	935
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	260	175	85	965	450	520	1,285	640	645
South Asian	10	0	0	385	175	215	145	75	65
Chinese	35	20	10	75	40	30	85	55	30
Black	75	55	15	135	75	55	65	35	25
Filipino	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Arab	40	20	15	180	70	110	785	370	415
Latin American	65	45	25	50	20	30	60	35	30
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	45	15	30	55	20	35
West Asian	15	15	0	30	15	15	55	35	20
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	10	0	0	25	10	15	45	15	25
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	600	320	280	1,005	410	595	520	230	290
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	855	495	365	1,975	855	1,115	1,800	865	935
Canadian	145	65	85	185	70	115	50	15	30
English	20	10	10	85	40	45	0	0	0
Irish	60	45	15	55	20	30	10	0	10
Scottish	0	0	0	55	30	25	10	0	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	280	165	115	165	75	90	50	10	45
German	0	0	0	35	25	10	15	0	10
Chinese	35	25	15	70	35	30	95	55	45
Italian	30	20	10	75	40	40	35	25	10
Indian (India)	0	0	0	300	140	165	75	25	45
Ukrainian	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Québécois	75	40	35	80	50	30	25	20	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
French Canadian	45	25	20	30	10	25	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10	0	10	35	0	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15	15	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	65	20	50	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	0	10	20	0	10	0	0	0
American	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	10	0	0	15	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20
Jewish	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	20	0	10	35	15	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	10	0	60	25	35	285	120	160
Greek	0	0	0	25	20	10	50	25	25
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	55	30	25	35	20	15
Lebanese	0	0	0	60	25	35	300	160	140
Iranian	10	10	0	35	20	10	45	30	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	20	15	0	65	30	35
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Mexican	30	25	10	30	15	15	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	50	15	30	40	20	20
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Egyptian	10	0	0	55	20	35	45	30	15
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Moroccan	30	10	15	0	0	0	65	25	40
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	20	10	10	285	135	155
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	10	10	0	0	0	0	45	15	35
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	20	0	15	50	20	30
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	20	10	0	10	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chilean	25	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	30	15	15	20	0	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	35	10	20	0	0	0	20	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	860	495	365	1,975	855	1,115	1,800	865	935
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Christian	395	215	180	890	345	550	860	390	475
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	15	20	150	70	85	175	80	90
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Catholic	340	190	150	500	165	330	460	200	260
Christian Orthodox	15	0	10	130	50	75	210	100	110
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	220	95	125	45	30	15
Jewish	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Muslim	55	40	15	245	100	145	600	290	305
Sikh	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	400	235	170	480	260	220	270	145	125
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	850	490	365	1,950	835	1,110	1,775	850	920
Non-movers	630	345	285	1,745	750	990	1,580	760	820
Movers	225	145	85	205	85	120	195	90	105
Non-migrants	205	125	75	125	45	80	125	55	70
Migrants	20	15	0	85	40	45	70	35	40
Internal migrants	10	10	0	40	15	15	10	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	10	10	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	45	15	20	60	30	30
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	835	480	355	1,860	795	1,065	1,690	810	885
Non-movers	300	175	115	1,060	435	625	815	400	415
Movers	535	300	235	795	355	440	875	415	470
Non-migrants	325	180	150	385	170	215	440	195	245
Migrants	210	125	85	410	175	235	435	220	225
Internal migrants	130	65	65	205	75	125	50	30	20
Intraprovincial migrants	100	55	45	175	70	105	50	30	20
Interprovincial migrants	25	10	15	30	10	25	0	0	0
External migrants	80	60	25	210	100	110	390	185	200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	750	425	325	1,605	680	925	1,460	695	765
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	70	35	30	190	75	110	220	120	105
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	680	385	295	1,420	610	810	1,240	580	665
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	630	355	275	1,020	455	565	920	485	435
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35	25	15	70	35	35	85	50	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	595	335	260	945	420	525	835	435	400
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	750	425	330	1,610	680	925	1,465	700	765
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	25	30	175	65	110	210	110	105
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	95	60	40	385	180	200	320	135	185
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	600	340	260	1,050	435	615	930	455	475
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	210	145	70	465	210	255	355	130	225
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	55	40	20	135	75	60	65	35	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	25	20	105	45	60	55	30	30
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	30	30	0	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	130	95	35	250	100	150	220	85	135
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	10	15	80	40	40	70	20	50
Bachelor's degree or higher	390	195	190	585	220	365	575	325	255
Bachelor's degree	205	100	105	370	125	245	350	180	165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	15	20	55	20	35	85	60	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	0	0	40	15	20
Master's degree	120	60	55	120	55	65	95	60	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	10	0	30	20	10	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	630	355	270	1,015	455	565	925	485	435
No certificate, diploma or degree	30	15	10	65	30	35	80	45	35
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	45	20	185	85	105	155	90	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	550	295	250	770	340	425	690	355	335
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	180	120	65	320	170	145	220	80	135
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	35	20	120	70	50	55	30	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	20	20	90	45	45	45	15	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	25	25	0	15	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	105	75	35	155	70	80	110	40	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	10	15	50	35	10	50	10	35
Bachelor's degree or higher	365	180	185	450	165	285	475	270	200
Bachelor's degree	195	90	110	285	95	190	265	145	120
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	15	15	40	10	30	70	50	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	10	0	0	40	15	25
Master's degree	120	65	60	90	40	50	90	55	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	25	15	10	10	10	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	755	425	330	1,610	685	925	1,460	695	765
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	155	85	70	560	250	310	530	240	290
Education	20	0	10	90	0	85	45	10	35
13. Education	20	0	10	90	0	85	45	10	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	60	30	40	35	20	20	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	55	30	30	30	20	10	0	0	0
Humanities	75	30	45	65	10	55	75	15	60
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	10	15	15	0	15	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	0	10	25	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	15	20	30	0	25	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	15	0	10	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	100	40	60	115	30	90	100	50	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	25	0	20	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	25	0	20	30	10	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25	10	15	25	10	15	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	30	25	10	45	10	35	45	30	15
Business, management and public administration	135	80	60	255	90	165	320	150	165
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	130	80	50	245	90	160	320	150	165
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	65	40	20	55	25	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	15	0	15	15	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	15	10	10	20	10	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	35	35	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	45	30	15	80	40	45	50	30	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40	25	10	75	40	35	30	15	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	20	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	80	70	10	220	160	60	165	140	25
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	25	25	0	130	85	45	120	100	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	25	15	0	20	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	15	15	0	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	30	30	0	25	25	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	20	30	100	35	70	110	35	80
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	15	25	95	25	70	85	25	65
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	20	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	630	360	275	1,015	455	560	920	490	435
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	85	60	30	245	110	135	230	135	100
Education	15	0	10	50	10	45	25	0	10
13. Education	15	0	10	50	10	45	25	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	60	30	35	30	20	10	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	60	30	30	30	20	10	0	0	0
Humanities	55	25	35	35	0	30	45	0	45
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	0	10	15	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	0	15	20	0	15	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	95	40	60	85	25	60	65	35	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	25	0	15	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	20	0	20	30	10	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	30	20	10	35	10	20	30	20	10
Business, management and public administration	120	60	60	205	85	120	255	125	130
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	110	60	55	200	85	115	255	125	130
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	40	20	15	25	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	15	0	15	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40	30	10	70	40	35	35	20	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40	30	10	70	40	35	20	0	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	70	65	0	170	120	55	135	110	25
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	20	0	95	50	50	105	85	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20	20	0	20	0	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	15	15	0	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	25	25	0	10	10	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	45	20	30	70	30	40	95	35	60
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	15	20	65	25	40	65	20	45
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	20	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	630	360	275	1,015	455	560	920	490	435
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	85	60	30	245	110	135	230	135	100
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	545	300	245	770	340	425	695	355	335
Location of study inside Canada	395	205	185	445	200	250	325	175	150
Same as province or territory of residence	380	195	180	425	185	240	325	175	150
Different than province or territory of residence	15	10	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	155	90	65	320	145	175	370	180	190
Americas	50	35	15	60	35	25	45	20	20
United States of America	0	0	0	15	15	0	15	10	0
Mexico	25	15	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	60	35	25	120	60	60	50	35	15
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	50	30	25	15	10	10	15	15	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	20	15	0	15	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	55	25	25	55	20	30
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	15	0	0	15	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	10	25	10	15
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	15	10	0	15	10	0
Asia	30	15	15	90	25	65	220	100	125
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	0	10	70	30	40
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	40	15	25	15	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	25	10	15	15	10	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	750	425	330	1,610	680	925	1,465	700	765
In the labour force	575	335	240	970	470	505	880	500	380
Employed	515	295	220	880	420	465	765	440	330
Unemployed	60	35	20	85	50	35	115	60	55
Not in the labour force	180	90	90	640	215	425	580	200	385
Participation rate	76.7	78.8	72.7	60.2	69.1	54.6	60.1	71.4	49.7
Employment rate	68.7	69.4	66.7	54.7	61.8	50.3	52.2	62.9	43.1
Unemployment rate	10.4	10.4	8.3	8.8	10.6	6.9	13.1	12.0	14.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	755	425	330	1,610	685	925	1,460	695	765
Did not work¹⁸⁶	195	110	85	640	215	425	590	215	370
Worked	555	315	240	970	465	500	875	480	395
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	360	220	140	550	270	275	355	215	140
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	200	95	100	420	200	220	525	265	255
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.4	43.4	43.4	41.5	40.2	42.7	36.2	37.0	35.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	575	335	240	970	470	500	885	495	385
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	15	15	0	15	15	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	565	325	240	955	455	495	860	485	375
Employee	505	275	230	810	355	455	710	365	350
Permanent position	410	225	190	690	330	360	570	295	275
Temporary position	90	50	40	120	25	90	145	70	75
Fixed term (1 year or more)	55	35	25	70	15	55	65	35	25
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	15	20	55	15	35	85	35	45
Self-employed¹⁹²	60	45	15	140	95	40	150	120	30
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	575	335	240	970	470	500	885	495	385
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	15	15	0	15	15	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	565	325	240	955	455	495	860	485	375
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	125	60	65	170	55	110	170	65	100
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	60	40	20	160	95	60	115	100	15
3 Health occupations	60	25	35	70	25	50	90	30	55
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	65	35	30	105	25	80	55	25	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	65	40	25	30	15	15	15	10	10
6 Sales and service occupations	110	60	50	210	105	100	280	135	150
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	50	0	120	100	25	80	80	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	10	0	80	35	50	30	15	15
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	575	335	240	970	470	500	885	495	385
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	15	15	0	15	15	0
All industries¹⁹¹	565	325	240	955	455	495	860	485	375
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	30	20	0	30	25	0
31-33 Manufacturing	20	15	0	135	75	55	55	40	15
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	70	35	40	30	25	0
44-45 Retail trade	30	15	15	100	55	45	180	75	100
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	25	0	75	55	25	75	60	15
51 Information and cultural industries	45	25	20	30	30	0	30	20	10
52 Finance and insurance	40	25	20	30	10	25	65	35	35
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	10	0	10	10	0	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	95	55	40	145	70	75	100	60	35
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	10	10	50	20	30	35	15	15
61 Educational services	25	10	20	70	20	50	40	15	20
62 Health care and social assistance	90	55	40	120	20	100	90	35	55
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	25	20	10	10	0	10	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	35	25	15	35	15	20	75	40	30
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	0	20	10	10	0	30	15	10
91 Public administration	40	10	30	20	0	0	20	0	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	585	330	255	1,055	500	555	950	520	430
English	45	30	15	375	190	185	180	125	55
French	275	130	145	210	90	120	215	110	105
Non-official language	10	0	10	10	0	0	15	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	10	0	0	15	10	10
English and French	235	150	90	445	205	235	450	225	220
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	10	0	35	25	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	20	0	15	45	15	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	585	330	255	1,055	500	555	950	520	430
Single responses	550	305	240	910	425	485	780	415	365
Official languages	540	305	235	900	420	475	740	390	345
English	100	65	30	570	275	295	290	175	115
French	440	240	200	325	145	180	445	215	230
Non-official languages	10	0	10	15	0	0	35	20	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10	15	0	0	35	20	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	25	20	150	75	75	175	105	65
English and French	40	25	20	140	70	75	145	95	55
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	585	330	255	1,055	500	555	950	520	430
None	365	180	185	720	345	375	570	350	225
English	150	95	55	115	60	60	230	110	125
French	50	35	15	200	85	115	100	40	60
Non-official language	15	15	0	25	15	10	30	15	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	15	0	25	15	10	30	15	15
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	515	295	220	880	420	465	765	440	330
Worked at home	250	130	120	255	125	130	265	150	115
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	25	20	0	55	40	20	60	50	10
Usual place of work	235	135	100	570	255	310	435	235	205
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	230	130	100	570	255	315	435	235	205
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	195	115	80	315	140	175	345	180	165
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	230	100	130	20	10	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	30	15	15	30	15	10	65	40	25
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	260	155	105	625	290	335	495	280	210
Car, truck or van	105	60	45	560	270	290	345	230	115
Car, truck or van - as a driver	95	55	40	520	260	260	320	225	95
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	0	40	15	30	25	10	20
Public transit	100	70	30	60	20	40	95	25	65
Walked	35	15	15	0	0	0	45	15	30
Bicycle	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	10	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	260	155	105	625	290	335	495	280	210
Less than 15 minutes	25	20	10	105	50	50	120	65	55
15 to 29 minutes	90	45	50	255	120	135	230	145	90
30 to 44 minutes	80	55	25	165	70	95	85	50	30
45 to 59 minutes	30	20	0	50	35	20	45	15	35
60 minutes and over	30	20	15	50	20	35	15	10	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	260	155	105	625	290	335	495	280	210
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	15	0	80	50	35	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20	15	10	125	50	80	45	30	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	80	30	50	125	40	80	95	50	50
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	40	15	110	55	60	145	80	65
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	25	10	85	35	55	95	50	40
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	30	15	95	65	30	110	75	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	140	80	60	415	200	215	410	205	200
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	5	10	140	70	65	70	40	30
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	125	70	50	275	125	150	340	165	175
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	85	50	40	295	135	155	300	155	150
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	110	55	50	60	30	30
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	80	45	40	45	25	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	25	15	15	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	50	30	185	75	105	250	125	125

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not applicable
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suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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