Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661950More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24660132More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660798More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	413	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	541	...	...	602	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	259	...	...	976,966	...	...	241	...	...	225	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	219	...	...	910,359	...	...	225	...	...	211	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	10,783.3	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	12,669.8	...	...	6,872.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.04	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.04	...	...	0.09	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	415	215	200	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	540	270	270	600	290	315
0 to 14 years	45	20	20	309,765	158,545	151,225	80	45	35	160	90	70
0 to 4 years	15	10	5	99,195	50,760	48,435	30	15	20	60	30	25
5 to 9 years	10	5	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	30	20	5	55	35	25
10 to 14 years	10	5	0	103,590	53,120	50,470	25	10	15	45	25	20
15 to 64 years	335	175	165	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	340	165	175	300	135	165
15 to 19 years	15	5	15	97,525	49,340	48,180	30	15	15	35	20	20
20 to 24 years	50	30	25	140,025	70,895	69,125	35	15	20	25	15	10
25 to 29 years	75	30	40	165,525	83,630	81,895	30	15	15	30	15	15
30 to 34 years	45	20	25	157,725	78,995	78,730	25	5	15	35	10	20
35 to 39 years	40	25	15	149,265	74,115	75,155	35	20	15	35	15	25
40 to 44 years	30	15	15	142,365	70,920	71,445	40	20	15	35	15	25
45 to 49 years	20	15	5	125,505	62,690	62,815	40	20	20	35	10	25
50 to 54 years	25	20	5	121,710	61,735	59,975	35	20	15	15	5	10
55 to 59 years	20	10	5	125,465	63,810	61,655	30	15	20	25	10	5
60 to 64 years	10	5	5	118,065	57,920	60,140	40	15	25	30	15	15
65 years and over	35	15	20	351,325	151,210	200,120	120	60	60	140	60	80
65 to 69 years	15	5	5	99,325	46,730	52,595	30	20	15	35	15	25
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	86,030	39,185	46,845	30	20	10	40	15	20
75 to 79 years	5	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	25	10	15	25	10	15
80 to 84 years	5	0	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	15	10	10	25	15	15
85 years and over	0	0	0	55,885	19,015	36,870	10	5	5	15	10	5
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	10	5	5	5	5	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	5	5	0	0	5
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.8	9.3	10.0	15.5	16.1	14.8	14.8	16.7	13.0	26.7	31.0	22.2
15 to 64 years	80.7	81.4	82.5	67.0	68.5	65.6	63.0	61.1	64.8	50.0	46.6	52.4
65 years and over	8.4	7.0	10.0	17.5	15.4	19.6	22.2	22.2	22.2	23.3	20.7	25.4
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.8	1.9	3.6	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.5	3.4	1.6
Average age of the population	36.0	36.6	35.2	41.0	39.8	42.1	43.8	42.8	44.8	38.8	36.8	40.6
Median age of the population	32.4	34.8	31.4	39.6	38.4	40.4	44.0	43.2	46.4	37.2	32.4	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	215	...	...	910,360	...	...	225	...	...	210	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...	50	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...	35	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	20	...	...	80	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	220	...	...	479,885	...	...	200	...	...	45	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	220	...	...	910,355	...	...	225	...	...	210	...	...
1 person	105	...	...	367,400	...	...	75	...	...	45	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	271,730	...	...	60	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	118,205	...	...	35	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	98,205	...	...	35	...	...	45	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	54,820	...	...	20	...	...	30	...	...
Number of persons in private households	415	210	200	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	545	270	270	600	290	310
Average household size	1.9	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	370	190	180	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	460	225	235	445	200	240
Married or living common-law	170	85	85	822,440	414,330	408,115	260	130	130	285	140	145
Married	70	35	35	577,060	289,455	287,600	220	110	105	275	135	140
Living common-law	95	50	50	245,385	124,870	120,510	40	20	20	10	5	5
Living common law - Never married	90	50	40	207,040	104,785	102,250	30	10	15	5	0	5
Living common law - Separated	5	0	5	3,190	1,835	1,355	5	0	5	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	10	10	5	5	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	200	100	100	872,060	410,935	461,125	200	95	105	155	60	100
Not married and not living common law - Never married	175	95	80	627,845	333,150	294,700	135	75	60	100	50	50
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	0	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	5	5	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15	5	5	126,605	46,380	80,225	30	15	20	25	5	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	20	5	15	20	0	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	90	...	...	495,445	...	...	150	...	...	165	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	251,075	...	...	70	...	...	65	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	107,265	...	...	35	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	93,300	...	...	35	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	10	...	...	25	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	95	...	...	495,445	...	...	145	...	...	165	...	...
Total couple families	85	...	...	395,645	...	...	125	...	...	140	...	...
Married couples	35	...	...	273,070	...	...	105	...	...	140	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	162,745	...	...	60	...	...	85	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	110,325	...	...	40	...	...	50	...	...
Common-law couples	50	...	...	122,570	...	...	20	...	...	5	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	77,700	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	10	...	...	99,805	...	...	25	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5	...	...	80,530	...	...	20	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	415	210	205	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	545	270	270	600	285	315
Total - Persons in census families	240	125	115	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	435	220	220	545	270	275
Married spouses or common-law partners	165	85	80	791,280	398,495	392,785	245	125	125	280	140	140
Parents in one-parent families	5	5	0	99,805	19,275	80,525	25	5	20	25	5	20
Children⁶	65	35	30	541,905	284,935	256,965	165	90	75	235	130	110
In a two-parent family	60	30	30	392,250	205,155	187,095	130	70	55	185	100	85
In a one-parent family	10	5	0	149,655	79,785	69,865	35	20	15	55	30	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	170	85	85	526,370	262,915	263,450	100	50	50	60	20	40
Living alone	105	50	50	367,395	175,660	191,740	75	35	35	45	10	35
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	20	10	15	10	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	60	30	30	109,690	65,235	44,455	10	5	5	5	0	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	220	...	...	910,360	...	...	225	...	...	210	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	90	...	...	455,970	...	...	130	...	...	155	...	...
Couple-family households	80	...	...	370,250	...	...	115	...	...	135	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	194,165	...	...	60	...	...	80	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	176,085	...	...	50	...	...	50	...	...
One-parent-family households	5	...	...	85,720	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	25	...	...	55,210	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
One-person households	105	...	...	367,395	...	...	75	...	...	40	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	375	190	185	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	460	225	235	440	200	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	180	175	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	450	225	230	425	190	230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,800	34,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	34,400	38,000	31,600	45,200	46,000	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	180	175	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	450	225	230	425	190	230
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,200	32,800	34,000	35,200	32,800	32,400	33,600	28,800	40,000	42,000	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	340	175	165	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	390	205	190	395	175	215
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	37,600	24,800	31,000	35,200	27,000	24,200	25,000	23,400	32,400	39,200	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	300	150	150	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	310	165	145	290	135	155
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	35,600	20,000	32,800	36,000	29,600	26,400	28,600	26,000	31,600	34,800	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	280	130	150	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	400	195	210	360	150	210
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	6,900	7,000	10,800	9,600	12,000	13,100	12,900	13,200	15,600	15,300	16,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30	10	15	171,705	84,570	87,145	45	30	15	50	25	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,040	x	x	5,520	5,480	5,680	6,000	6,000	x	6,650	6,000	7,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	135	70	60	529,640	276,110	253,530	150	85	70	155	70	85
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,700	9,800	8,000	10,800	12,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	320	170	145	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	430	220	215	445	215	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	305	165	140	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	425	215	210	430	210	215
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,800	74,000	37,000	53,250	60,050	46,760	42,000	45,200	38,800	67,200	82,000	52,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	305	165	140	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	425	215	210	430	210	215
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	57,600	31,600	42,520	46,280	38,960	36,200	38,000	34,400	54,600	65,000	44,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	285	160	130	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	370	195	170	395	190	205
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	70,000	30,800	48,960	57,350	40,640	33,200	35,600	30,400	57,800	79,500	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	245	145	105	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	265	140	120	305	150	160
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,000	72,000	29,200	48,760	55,650	41,480	37,600	41,000	34,000	52,400	67,000	39,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	245	120	125	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	380	185	195	345	155	190
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	10,400	9,800	12,040	10,900	13,040	14,750	14,300	15,200	16,500	15,600	17,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20	0	0	171,360	84,435	86,925	50	45	0	75	30	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,000	...	...	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,200	6,600	...	10,800	10,000	10,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100	65	40	528,305	276,300	252,005	155	100	55	175	85	95
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	10,400	10,000	9,110	9,140	9,070	10,200	10,000	10,800	11,300	11,200	11,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	315	175	145	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	220	215	450	215	230
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	100	60	35	514,340	278,505	235,830	95	50	40	135	65	75
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	78,000	x	60,000	63,600	56,000	65,000	70,500	60,400	88,000	111,000	75,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	98,000	124,000	52,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	70,000	80,000	58,000	92,000	124,000	64,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	75	60	504,455	247,565	256,895	135	75	65	120	65	55
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	25,400	11,700	16,400	17,400	15,500	17,200	17,200	20,600	16,400	16,600	12,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	33,000	18,500	26,920	29,400	24,520	23,600	22,000	25,000	27,200	31,000	22,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0	88.0	76.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	68.5	73.0	64.0	80.0	86.0	70.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.0	84.0	58.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	56.0	60.0	52.0	57.0	58.0	56.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.4	10.4	24.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	31.4	27.2	36.0	20.0	14.0	29.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	x	x	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.8	3.2	x	2.6	1.8	4.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.7	6.0	8.0	6.4	5.9	7.0	9.9	11.0	8.4	7.5	5.6	10.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	5.6	7.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	8.8	10.4	7.2	7.0	5.2	9.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	370	190	180	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	460	225	235	445	200	240
Without total income	20	10	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	10	0	5	20	5	15
With total income	355	180	175	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	450	220	230	420	195	230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	10	15	138,250	65,670	72,580	35	20	20	40	20	15
$10,000 to $19,999	40	15	25	200,450	93,060	107,390	60	25	30	35	10	20
$20,000 to $29,999	60	25	35	286,825	131,235	155,595	105	45	55	50	30	25
$30,000 to $39,999	50	30	25	215,455	102,705	112,755	60	30	35	60	25	35
$40,000 to $49,999	45	15	30	181,505	86,460	95,040	65	30	35	40	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	15	10	5	138,185	64,805	73,380	40	20	20	30	10	20
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	100,060	48,510	51,550	25	15	10	35	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	30	15	10	20	5	20
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	10	0	5	25	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	10	5	0	15	0	10
$100,000 and over	45	30	15	149,555	92,680	56,875	20	10	5	70	45	25
$100,000 to $149,999	20	15	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	15	5	10	40	30	15
$150,000 and over	20	15	5	58,575	39,405	19,170	5	0	0	25	20	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	370	190	180	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	460	225	235	445	200	240
Without after-tax income	20	10	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	10	0	5	20	5	15
With after-tax income	355	180	175	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	450	220	230	420	195	230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	10	15	144,275	67,955	76,320	40	20	20	40	20	15
$10,000 to $19,999	50	15	30	210,975	98,495	112,480	65	25	35	40	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	70	35	30	334,395	155,845	178,545	110	45	60	65	25	35
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	35	257,145	124,835	132,315	85	40	40	65	25	40
$40,000 to $49,999	40	15	20	204,980	97,805	107,175	60	35	30	45	25	25
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	15	139,760	67,315	72,450	35	20	15	40	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	93,705	46,700	47,005	20	10	10	35	10	25
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	15	10	5	25	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	10	0	5	30	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	5	0	0	5	0	5
$100,000 and over	30	20	5	73,695	48,025	25,665	5	5	0	30	25	5
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0	10	5	5
$125,000 and over	15	10	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0	15	15	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	370	190	180	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	460	225	235	445	200	240
Without employment income	75	35	35	495,060	212,405	282,660	150	60	95	150	65	90
With employment income	300	155	145	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	305	160	145	290	135	155
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	20	30	167,560	82,405	85,155	50	30	20	45	25	20
$5,000 to $9,999	30	5	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	40	15	20	35	10	25
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	151,350	72,815	78,530	40	20	20	35	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	30	25	5	116,030	56,295	59,730	35	15	25	20	5	20
$30,000 to $39,999	30	10	20	108,120	55,225	52,890	35	15	20	30	10	20
$40,000 to $49,999	25	10	15	104,250	51,950	52,300	25	15	10	20	5	10
$50,000 to $59,999	5	5	0	84,485	42,940	41,540	20	10	5	15	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	20	5	10	66,190	35,045	31,145	25	15	10	10	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	52,585	28,500	24,080	10	5	5	15	0	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	10	5	5	15	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	0	0	0	10	0	5
$100,000 and over	30	25	10	115,575	74,545	41,030	15	5	10	35	25	10
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	47,525	28,870	18,655	10	5	5	20	15	10
$125,000 and over	20	20	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	5	5	0	15	10	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	375	190	185	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	460	225	235	440	200	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	345	175	165	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	440	215	225	415	190	225
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,200	30,400	34,000	36,400	31,800	32,000	35,600	28,600	42,400	44,400	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	345	175	165	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	440	215	225	415	190	225
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,400	28,400	31,000	32,800	29,400	30,200	33,200	26,400	37,600	39,600	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	175	155	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	385	195	190	395	180	215
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	36,400	26,600	32,000	36,000	28,200	28,000	33,200	25,200	32,800	41,600	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	290	155	135	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	300	155	145	295	140	160
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,600	35,200	25,200	33,600	36,800	30,400	31,400	33,600	28,200	29,400	32,400	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	245	115	130	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	370	180	190	335	135	200
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,450	1,450	1,440	4,440	2,760	7,300	7,750	4,280	10,200	11,500	7,650	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	10	10	114,940	56,080	58,855	30	20	15	40	15	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	3,120	3,680	x	6,650	x	9,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	320	170	145	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	430	220	215	445	215	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	295	165	125	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	410	200	210	430	210	215
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	64,000	37,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	42,000	46,800	37,200	54,800	62,800	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	295	165	125	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	410	200	210	430	210	215
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	33,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	35,800	38,800	32,400	43,800	48,400	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	280	160	120	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	365	190	175	405	195	215
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,000	62,400	33,000	49,080	57,750	40,560	37,000	42,800	30,800	50,000	63,600	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	245	150	95	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	270	135	135	335	160	185
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	62,000	31,200	48,720	55,750	41,240	39,600	47,000	32,000	49,600	62,000	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	240	130	110	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	335	155	180	320	145	175
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	3,950	7,000	8,250	6,740	9,510	11,280	9,400	12,900	9,600	8,400	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	0	20	114,595	55,675	58,915	40	25	0	45	15	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	...	12,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	8,500	7,600	...	8,400	7,000	9,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	315	175	145	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	220	215	450	215	230
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	100	60	35	507,645	274,575	233,070	95	50	40	130	65	70
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,600	87,000	x	54,400	58,400	50,400	55,600	65,500	48,400	75,500	112,000	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,000	100,000	34,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	66,000	78,000	52,000	80,000	104,000	60,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120	75	50	462,020	227,495	234,530	135	70	65	130	70	65
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	45,200	32,400	21,800	23,200	20,400	24,400	32,800	23,800	27,000	32,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,000	39,000	36,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	30,800	33,000	28,000	37,500	44,000	30,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	96.0	84.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	78.0	84.0	70.0	87.0	92.0	82.0
Employment income (%)	82.0	88.0	64.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	62.0	68.0	56.0	72.5	74.0	69.0
Government transfers (%)	8.6	5.0	16.5	12.8	8.6	18.2	22.0	15.6	30.0	13.0	8.8	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	x	5.0	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.8	2.0	x	1.6	0.8	2.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	220	...	...	910,355	...	...	225	...	...	210	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	66,000	...	...	69,500	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	58,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	105	...	...	367,395	...	...	75	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...	28,800	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...	27,800	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	115	...	...	542,960	...	...	150	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	91,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	74,100	...	...	78,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	105	...	...	367,255	...	...	45	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	35,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	30,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	543,100	...	...	150	...	...	170	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	106,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	92,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	220	...	...	910,355	...	...	225	...	...	210	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	25,730	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	57,720	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	40,595	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	41,545	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	42,630	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	75,485	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	67,695	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	60,495	...	...	5	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	45,830	...	...	15	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	270,265	...	...	70	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	85,635	...	...	30	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	56,205	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	62,095	...	...	20	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	20	...	...	66,335	...	...	5	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	220	...	...	910,355	...	...	225	...	...	210	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	27,485	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	63,030	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	48,815	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	51,055	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	85,490	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	75,625	...	...	15	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	65,530	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	54,850	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	0	...	...	45,065	...	...	10	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	197,490	...	...	50	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	78,870	...	...	20	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	45,905	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	20	...	...	72,715	...	...	10	...	...	35	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	95	...	...	501,830	...	...	145	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	179,195	...	...	50	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	71,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	208,260	...	...	70	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	121,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	95,875	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	65,500	...	...	70,500	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	59,600	...	...	63,600	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.0	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	160	85	80	477,085	240,895	236,195	80	45	40	45	15	40
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	32,800	31,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	30,000	31,400	28,800	43,600	x	49,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	29,600	31,000	31,200	31,200	31,200	28,200	28,400	27,800	38,400	x	41,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	70	...	...	501,905	...	...	155	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	92,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	179,455	...	...	55	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	74,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	208,375	...	...	75	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	136,000	...	...	168,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	116,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	95,455	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	80,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	67,100	...	...	70,000	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	160	85	70	476,520	240,280	236,245	40	20	25	30	0	15
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	50,000	32,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	35,000	40,000	32,000	60,000	x	70,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,500	39,500	28,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	30,000	32,000	28,000	48,000	x	50,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	410	215	200	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	540	265	270	605	290	315
0 to 17 years	45	25	25	365,020	186,710	178,315	95	55	45	185	95	85
0 to 5 years	20	10	5	120,615	61,615	58,995	30	15	20	75	45	35
18 to 64 years	330	175	160	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	325	160	170	280	125	150
65 years and over	35	15	15	317,425	140,270	177,155	120	60	60	140	65	80
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	75	35	35	321,885	154,370	167,510	65	30	30	50	25	25
0 to 17 years	5	5	5	54,265	27,870	26,395	10	10	5	20	10	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	5	5	0	10	0	5
18 to 64 years	65	30	35	197,020	99,310	97,710	35	20	15	30	15	15
65 years and over	0	0	0	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	10	10	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.5	17.0	18.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	11.6	12.0	11.0	8.4	8.5	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	12.0	12.0	12.0	9.0	10.0	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	20.0	30.0	x	10.0	x	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	19.0	17.0	20.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	11.0	12.0	9.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	22.2	19.4	24.5	14.0	10.0	16.0	4.0	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	415	210	205	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	545	270	270	600	285	315
0 to 17 years	45	20	20	365,025	186,705	178,315	95	55	40	185	100	85
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	120,610	61,615	58,995	35	15	15	75	40	30
18 to 64 years	335	170	160	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	325	155	170	280	125	155
65 years and over	35	20	20	317,425	140,265	177,155	120	60	60	140	65	75
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	60	25	30	213,720	108,905	104,815	35	20	15	30	20	15
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	10	5	5	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	5	5	5	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	55	25	30	153,385	81,765	71,620	20	10	10	20	10	10
65 years and over	0	0	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	10	5	5	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	14.4	13.0	16.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	6.8	8.0	6.0	4.8	6.0	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.0	x	x	5.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	17.0	15.0	19.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	6.4	9.0	4.0	7.2	8.0	7.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	8.0	8.0	6.0	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	415	215	200	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	540	270	270	600	290	310
In bottom half of the distribution	250	115	135	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	315	150	160	290	135	150
In bottom decile	80	40	40	298,540	147,890	150,655	65	35	25	50	25	25
In second decile	55	25	30	244,435	115,985	128,450	60	30	30	45	25	20
In third decile	45	20	25	240,895	116,550	124,345	70	30	40	60	30	30
In fourth decile	30	10	25	218,125	105,885	112,240	75	35	35	70	30	35
In fifth decile	45	20	20	194,765	95,185	99,580	55	25	30	60	30	35
In top half of the distribution	165	95	70	762,590	384,140	378,450	230	120	115	315	150	160
In sixth decile	15	10	10	172,200	85,100	87,095	80	40	35	85	45	40
In seventh decile	35	20	15	156,540	78,290	78,250	55	35	25	60	30	35
In eighth decile	40	20	15	144,120	72,600	71,525	50	25	25	45	20	25
In ninth decile	30	20	15	134,265	68,285	65,980	25	10	15	60	25	30
In top decile	45	25	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	15	10	10	60	30	30
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	415	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	545	...	...	600	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.388	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.272	...	...	0.338	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.472	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.416	...	...	0.482	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.334	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.238	...	...	0.286	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	415	210	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	540	270	270	600	285	315
English only	40	15	25	262,290	133,690	128,600	20	5	15	125	50	75
French only	55	25	30	486,845	221,005	265,840	200	95	110	50	25	30
English and French	315	170	150	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	305	165	145	420	210	205
Neither English nor French	0	0	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	5	5	5	5	10	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	415	210	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	540	270	270	600	285	315
English	105	45	55	605,220	303,380	301,835	80	35	45	340	160	185
French	265	140	125	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	405	205	205	220	105	110
English and French	35	20	15	173,785	88,480	85,300	45	25	25	30	15	15
Neither English nor French	0	0	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	5	5	5	5	10	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	415	210	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	540	270	270	600	285	315
Single responses	385	200	190	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	500	245	255	555	270	285
Official languages	300	155	150	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	260	130	130	445	210	235
English	65	30	40	322,315	162,085	160,230	35	15	20	245	110	135
French	230	120	110	870,975	428,435	442,540	225	110	115	200	100	105
Non-official languages	90	50	40	643,275	311,525	331,750	240	120	120	110	60	50
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	50	40	642,820	311,370	331,445	240	120	120	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	65	30	35	25	20	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	40	20	25	25	20	5
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	40	20	25	5	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0	25	20	5
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	15	5	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	10	0	5	10	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	10	0	5	10	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	25	15	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	20	10	10	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	5	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	30	35	329,415	158,980	170,435	115	55	60	60	30	35
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	20	10	10	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	20	10	10	15	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	5	5	5	5	5	0
Russian	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	5	0	5	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	5	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0	10	5	5
German	5	5	5	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0	5	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0	5	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	68,600	36,145	32,455	0	0	0	15	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0	10	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0	10	5	10
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0	10	5	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	15	183,755	87,295	96,460	80	45	40	20	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	30	10	20	10	5	0
Portuguese	15	5	10	19,465	9,245	10,215	15	10	5	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0	15	5	5
Spanish	20	10	10	85,395	41,150	44,250	30	15	10	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5	57,075	26,030	31,035	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	5	5	56,890	25,955	30,935	15	10	5	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	40	25	15	50	20	25
English and French	10	5	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	10	5	0	30	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	0	0	0	15	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	415	210	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	540	270	270	600	285	315
English	55	25	30	340,470	170,050	170,425	40	15	25	270	125	145
French	180	95	80	779,125	383,000	396,125	200	100	100	125	55	65
Non-official language	15	10	10	204,395	96,705	107,690	55	25	30	30	20	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	204,315	96,670	107,645	55	25	30	30	20	15
English and French	80	40	40	173,135	89,205	83,935	35	20	15	75	45	35
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	135,390	66,995	68,400	30	15	20	45	20	30
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	180,900	85,935	94,965	120	65	55	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	30	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	65	35	25	35	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	5	5	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	415	210	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	540	270	270	600	285	315
Single responses	385	195	185	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	460	220	240	555	265	290
Official languages	330	170	160	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	355	175	175	505	240	265
English	100	45	60	479,850	239,270	240,580	60	25	35	335	155	180
French	230	125	100	956,130	471,155	484,975	290	150	145	170	80	85
Non-official languages	50	25	25	370,290	177,955	192,335	110	45	60	45	25	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	25	25	370,125	177,895	192,235	110	45	60	45	25	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	25	10	15	10	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	15	5	10	10	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	15	5	10	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0	10	10	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	5	0	5	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	10	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	10	5	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	15	15	188,550	90,370	98,185	60	25	35	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	15	5	10	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	15	5	10	10	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	5	0	5	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0	10	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0	15	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	15	95,835	44,515	51,315	35	15	20	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	15	5	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	10	10,365	4,860	5,500	10	5	5	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0	10	5	5
Spanish	10	5	5	54,335	26,035	28,300	15	5	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	43,570	20,275	23,295	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	5	5	43,475	20,230	23,240	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	20	173,745	85,640	88,110	80	50	30	50	25	25
English and French	30	10	20	53,305	27,065	26,240	10	0	5	25	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	10	5	5	20	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	57,355	27,790	29,565	60	40	20	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	415	210	200	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	545	270	270	600	285	315
None	275	140	135	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	350	175	175	460	220	235
English	45	25	20	131,630	67,290	64,340	50	25	25	30	15	20
French	30	20	15	126,780	62,180	64,600	30	15	20	30	15	10
Non-official language	20	10	15	144,335	69,210	75,130	65	30	30	50	20	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	15	144,155	69,135	75,015	65	30	30	50	20	30
English and French	10	10	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	10	0	5	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	15	0	38,875	19,700	19,180	20	10	10	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	5	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	5	5	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	350	195	160	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	520	270	250	575	285	290
Official languages	345	190	155	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	510	265	245	565	285	285
English	295	160	130	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	315	185	130	520	260	265
French	315	175	140	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	480	250	230	445	235	210
Non-official languages	150	75	75	971,455	471,755	499,700	355	195	160	270	135	135
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	75	75	970,710	471,495	499,220	355	195	160	270	135	135
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	217,295	113,605	103,690	65	30	35	160	90	75
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	25	10	15	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	205,120	107,210	97,905	60	30	30	160	90	75
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	60	30	30	15	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0	160	90	75
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0	30	0	25
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0	30	0	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	40	25	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	40	25	20	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	25	15	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	130	60	65	514,485	250,190	264,295	215	125	95	85	45	40
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	50,700	23,530	27,165	30	20	10	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	50,190	23,320	26,870	30	20	10	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	20	10	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0	15	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	30	20	10	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0	15	10	10
German	30	20	10	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0	10	0	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0	30	15	15
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0	30	15	15
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	35	40	324,695	154,360	170,340	175	95	75	40	20	15
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	107,285	51,300	55,985	100	50	50	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	15	10	31,125	15,545	15,585	25	15	10	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0	15	0	10
Spanish	60	25	40	193,835	91,345	102,490	60	35	25	25	20	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	30	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	30	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	350	195	160	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	515	265	255	575	285	285
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	345	195	155	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	515	265	245	575	285	285
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	350	195	160	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	515	265	255	575	285	285
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	350	195	160	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	515	265	255	575	285	285
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
Owner	60	...	...	360,125	...	...	90	...	...	105	...	...
Renter	130	...	...	550,240	...	...	110	...	...	85	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
Condominium	35	...	...	192,985	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	160	...	...	717,375	...	...	190	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	80	...	...	267,715	...	...	40	...	...	15	...	...
2 bedrooms	60	...	...	303,875	...	...	40	...	...	10	...	...
3 bedrooms	30	...	...	220,945	...	...	110	...	...	95	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20	...	...	98,090	...	...	10	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	110	...	...	501,570	...	...	65	...	...	45	...	...
5 rooms	40	...	...	166,230	...	...	65	...	...	30	...	...
6 rooms	20	...	...	78,495	...	...	55	...	...	35	...	...
7 rooms	25	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...	35	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	15	...	...	50	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.2	...	...	4.7	...	...	5.0	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
One person or fewer per room	190	...	...	881,730	...	...	190	...	...	185	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
Suitable	190	...	...	834,885	...	...	180	...	...	185	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	20	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
1960 or before	125	...	...	325,005	...	...	10	...	...	105	...	...
1961 to 1980	25	...	...	282,605	...	...	150	...	...	80	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	101,185	...	...	35	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	63,765	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	180	...	...	833,540	...	...	180	...	...	160	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	76,815	...	...	15	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
One-maintainer household	110	...	...	543,605	...	...	90	...	...	65	...	...
Two-maintainer household	70	...	...	333,140	...	...	105	...	...	130	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	33,620	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	65	...	...	162,375	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
35 to 44 years	40	...	...	171,535	...	...	45	...	...	45	...	...
45 to 54 years	45	...	...	155,520	...	...	30	...	...	30	...	...
55 to 64 years	15	...	...	156,865	...	...	25	...	...	30	...	...
65 to 74 years	15	...	...	122,825	...	...	40	...	...	30	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	70,345	...	...	35	...	...	30	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	195	...	...	902,485	...	...	200	...	...	195	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	105	...	...	686,075	...	...	155	...	...	155	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	85	...	...	216,410	...	...	40	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	80	...	...	189,795	...	...	40	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	195	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	330,635	...	...	65	...	...	65	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	75	...	...	186,350	...	...	30	...	...	20	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...	15	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	100	...	...	579,720	...	...	135	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	180	...	...	875,865	...	...	200	...	...	185	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	87,945	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	165	...	...	787,925	...	...	175	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	360,120	...	...	90	...	...	110	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	46.2	...	...	60.0	...	...	55.6	...	...	63.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.8	...	...	17.4	...	...	22.2	...	...	13.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,080	...	...	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,580	...	...	1,880	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	755,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	730,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	130	...	...	550,235	...	...	105	...	...	85	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	50.0	...	...	28.4	...	...	14.3	...	...	23.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	14.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	890	...	...	670	...	...	1,640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	987	...	...	720	...	...	1,520	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	350	190	160	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	515	265	255	575	290	290
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	0	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	0	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	335	185	145	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	515	265	250	575	290	290
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	350	190	155	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	520	265	250	575	290	290
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	265	150	115	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	490	250	240	525	265	260
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30	20	15	322,965	164,980	157,985	90	50	40	150	80	70
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	235	130	100	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	395	195	200	375	185	190
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	85	40	45	313,410	160,530	152,885	35	20	10	50	20	30
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	350	190	155	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	520	265	250	575	290	290
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	190	110	85	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	280	140	140	350	175	175
Immigrants⁸¹	110	60	45	652,730	313,955	338,770	235	125	110	230	115	115
Before 1980	30	10	10	108,265	50,530	57,735	70	30	40	70	45	30
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	40	20	15	35	10	25
1991 to 2000	15	15	0	106,810	50,520	56,290	25	15	10	25	15	10
2001 to 2010	20	10	10	154,780	74,520	80,255	55	35	20	15	10	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	40	20	20	213,175	104,225	108,950	50	30	25	75	35	40
2011 to 2015	10	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	45	25	25	30	20	15
2016 to 2021	30	15	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0	45	20	30
Non-permanent residents⁸³	50	15	30	138,240	75,380	62,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	110	65	45	652,725	313,955	338,770	235	130	110	225	110	115
Under 5 years	0	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	20	10	0	103,285	51,965	51,320	35	25	10	40	20	15
15 to 24 years	0	0	0	118,475	53,035	65,440	65	35	35	45	15	30
25 to 44 years	75	50	30	326,320	158,620	167,700	110	50	55	125	60	65
45 years and over	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	25	15	10	10	10	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	110	65	45	652,725	313,955	338,770	235	130	110	225	110	115
Americas	25	15	10	137,955	63,465	74,485	65	35	30	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	40	25	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	15	10	0	10	0	0
Europe	55	35	20	158,795	76,610	82,190	80	45	40	75	35	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	25	25	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	10	0	0	35	15	20
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	35	20	15	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0	15	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	20	10	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	65	35	35	70	45	25
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	50	30	25	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0	65	40	20
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	10	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	10	202,715	95,775	106,935	25	15	15	70	30	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0	35	15	15
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0	20	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	30	20	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0	40	20	25
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	20	10	10	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0	15	10	0
France	10	10	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0	15	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0	25	10	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	350	195	160	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	520	265	250	575	285	290
First generation¹⁰⁰	165	85	80	813,905	400,325	413,580	240	125	115	245	120	125
Second generation¹⁰¹	50	20	25	424,225	212,755	211,475	165	85	80	185	90	90
Third generation or more¹⁰²	135	85	50	721,230	352,590	368,630	115	50	65	145	75	70
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	80	50	30	544,455	263,425	281,040	165	95	75	150	65	85
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	55	40	15	303,105	155,090	148,020	85	50	35	105	50	50
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	40	10	151,015	87,200	63,815	35	25	10	55	35	20
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10	0	10	152,090	67,890	84,205	50	25	30	45	15	30
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30	10	15	146,645	59,645	87,000	60	30	35	30	0	20
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	25	20	0	20	10	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	80	50	30	544,455	263,425	281,040	165	95	75	150	65	85
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	20	10	0	10	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	35	20	15	56,685	26,490	30,195	0	0	0	30	10	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0	10	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	40	25	15	387,815	184,015	203,795	135	75	65	105	45	65
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	350	195	160	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	515	265	255	575	285	285
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	55	15	35	737,510	363,785	373,725	165	95	75	95	45	50
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black	10	0	0	208,805	101,125	107,680	60	35	35	15	10	10
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0	40	20	25
Arab	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	15	15	0	0	0	0
Latin American	15	0	15	82,550	40,580	41,970	30	15	15	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0	20	10	15
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	295	175	125	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	350	175	175	485	245	240
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	350	190	155	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	520	265	250	575	285	290
Canadian	45	30	15	241,015	115,880	125,135	10	0	0	60	20	35
English	10	0	10	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	30	15	20	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	10	0	10	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0	20	15	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	120	80	40	336,880	169,710	167,170	60	20	30	65	35	25
German	30	10	20	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	40	30	15	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	15	156,025	76,485	79,535	130	70	60	25	15	15
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0	10	0	0
Polish	10	0	10	33,540	16,340	17,200	10	0	10	30	10	15
Québécois	15	15	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	25	20	10	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0	40	20	25
French Canadian	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	10	0	10	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0	40	20	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	10	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	30	10	20	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	20	0	15	35,975	17,775	18,200	30	15	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0	10	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0	200	100	100
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0	45	20	20
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0	30	15	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0	10	10	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0	110	55	55
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	15	10	10	25	10	15
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	20	0	15	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0	30	15	15
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0	20	10	15
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	20	15	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	350	195	160	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	515	265	255	580	285	285
Buddhist	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Christian	80	35	45	969,945	451,410	518,540	365	185	180	75	35	40
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	0	0	0	116,635	55,545	61,090	60	30	30	0	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	10	0	10	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	60	30	30	675,695	314,690	361,010	230	115	115	55	30	30
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	20	15	10	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0	10	0	10
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	35	20	15	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	10	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0	440	220	220
Muslim	10	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	60	25	30	30	10	20
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	250	155	100	590,140	310,985	279,165	85	45	35	25	25	10
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	345	190	155	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	520	265	250	555	270	285
Non-movers	265	150	120	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	505	255	250	535	255	280
Movers	80	40	40	255,365	129,500	125,865	10	10	0	20	15	10
Non-migrants	40	20	20	186,805	94,745	92,055	10	10	0	0	0	0
Migrants	35	20	20	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0	20	15	10
Internal migrants	30	20	15	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0	15	10	10
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	10	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0	15	10	10
Interprovincial migrants	20	20	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	325	175	150	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	490	260	230	515	250	265
Non-movers	115	70	45	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	350	180	175	325	155	170
Movers	210	105	105	821,475	413,250	408,230	140	75	60	190	90	100
Non-migrants	110	65	45	433,700	216,030	217,670	100	55	45	60	20	40
Migrants	100	40	65	387,770	197,215	190,560	40	25	15	130	70	55
Internal migrants	40	10	35	190,035	93,955	96,075	35	20	15	95	55	35
Intraprovincial migrants	25	0	20	159,710	78,770	80,940	30	15	15	75	50	30
Interprovincial migrants	15	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
External migrants	65	30	30	197,735	103,260	94,485	0	0	0	35	10	20
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	315	170	145	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	220	215	445	215	230
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	274,820	136,500	138,320	105	55	50	35	20	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	310	165	140	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	330	165	165	410	195	215
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	250	150	95	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	235	120	120	245	115	130
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	20	20	10	10	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	240	145	95	975,700	481,690	494,005	215	100	115	235	110	125
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	320	175	145	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	430	215	215	445	220	230
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	247,460	120,840	126,625	100	45	50	35	20	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	45	25	20	319,755	162,520	157,240	95	55	45	90	50	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	265	140	120	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	235	120	120	330	150	180
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75	35	35	473,060	232,855	240,210	140	70	75	120	50	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	60	45	15	30	15	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	45	35	15	30	15	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	15	15	0	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	30	25	260,845	122,345	138,495	75	20	60	75	35	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	10	15	66,045	28,760	37,285	0	0	0	15	10	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	190	105	85	609,855	291,355	318,505	95	55	45	210	90	115
Bachelor's degree	70	30	45	344,605	160,320	184,285	65	30	35	115	50	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	0	0	0	30	20	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	15	10	0	10	10	0
Master's degree	85	50	35	159,510	78,325	81,190	20	10	10	50	15	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	15	10	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	245	150	95	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	235	115	120	245	115	130
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	10	10	0	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30	25	0	162,205	88,420	73,785	35	20	15	25	20	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	215	125	95	831,975	403,420	428,555	185	85	100	215	95	120
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45	25	15	333,160	167,260	165,895	105	45	60	65	30	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	40	30	0	20	15	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	30	20	0	20	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	15	15	0	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30	20	10	174,185	84,745	89,445	60	10	50	40	20	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	175	95	80	498,815	236,155	262,665	85	45	35	155	65	90
Bachelor's degree	70	25	45	276,640	128,890	147,745	45	20	30	70	30	40
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	0	0	0	25	15	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	80	55	30	137,150	66,720	70,430	15	15	10	45	10	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	10	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	320	175	145	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	430	215	215	450	220	230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55	30	25	567,220	283,355	283,860	195	100	90	120	70	50
Education	0	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10	35	0	35
13. Education	0	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10	35	0	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	20	10	69,210	32,705	36,505	20	0	15	15	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	20	10	61,135	27,085	34,045	20	0	15	15	0	10
Humanities	20	15	10	78,920	30,815	48,110	10	10	0	15	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	0	35	157,220	58,185	99,040	25	10	20	60	20	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	15	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	15	0	15	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0	20	0	15
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	59,300	29,185	30,110	10	0	0	30	10	15
Business, management and public administration	65	25	35	248,895	110,950	137,945	75	40	35	85	50	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	25	30	237,125	108,040	129,090	75	40	35	85	50	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	15	10	57,445	29,770	27,670	15	10	0	15	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	10	65,435	46,010	19,420	0	0	0	30	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	0	0	0	20	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	35	10	173,380	143,615	29,765	25	25	0	25	25	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	35	30	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	0	0	0	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	15	15	0	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	20	0	122,295	30,795	91,495	25	10	15	30	10	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	10	0	109,185	24,140	85,045	10	0	15	25	10	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	25	15	10	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	25	15	10	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	245	150	100	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	240	115	120	240	115	130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30	25	0	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	30	20	30	20	0
Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10	20	0	20
13. Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10	20	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	20	10	54,840	26,500	28,340	15	0	10	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	20	10	48,205	21,870	26,335	15	0	10	10	0	0
Humanities	10	0	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	10	0	0	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	25	121,985	44,105	77,880	25	10	15	40	10	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	10	0	10	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	10	0	0	20	10	15
Business, management and public administration	60	25	30	199,525	87,920	111,600	65	40	30	65	40	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	25	30	190,410	85,600	104,810	65	40	30	65	40	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	10	10	37,905	19,350	18,560	10	0	0	15	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	10	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	0	0	0	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0	15	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	35	10	137,395	112,025	25,370	15	15	0	20	20	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	35	30	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	0	0	0	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	10	10	0	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	15	15	0	92,595	23,265	69,330	25	0	20	30	10	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	10	0	82,410	18,370	64,045	15	0	15	25	10	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	20	10	10	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	20	10	10	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	245	150	100	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	240	115	120	240	115	130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30	25	0	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	30	20	30	20	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	215	120	95	831,975	403,415	428,560	185	85	100	215	95	120
Location of study inside Canada	130	75	55	598,455	286,340	312,115	135	60	75	165	70	90
Same as province or territory of residence	120	75	45	566,540	270,160	296,380	130	55	75	155	70	85
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	85	50	40	233,520	117,075	116,445	50	30	25	55	25	30
Americas	20	10	10	41,560	21,015	20,550	20	15	0	10	0	10
United States of America	10	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	10	10	0	10	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	55	30	25	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0	15	10	10
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	50	30	15	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0	15	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	25	0	15	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	25	0	15	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0	30	15	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0	10	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0	15	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	320	175	145	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	430	215	215	445	220	230
In the labour force	245	135	105	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	240	130	115	310	150	160
Employed	215	120	100	971,245	502,885	468,360	220	115	105	270	130	135
Unemployed	30	15	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	20	10	10	40	20	20
Not in the labour force	75	35	40	568,495	246,215	322,280	190	90	100	135	65	70
Participation rate	76.6	77.1	72.4	65.5	69.5	61.8	55.8	60.5	53.5	69.7	68.2	69.6
Employment rate	67.2	68.6	69.0	58.9	62.3	55.6	51.2	53.5	48.8	60.7	59.1	58.7
Unemployment rate	12.2	11.1	9.5	10.2	10.4	10.0	8.3	7.7	8.7	12.9	13.3	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	320	175	145	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	430	215	215	450	220	230
Did not work¹⁸⁶	75	30	45	582,470	253,075	329,400	190	85	105	175	75	100
Worked	245	145	105	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	245	135	110	270	140	130
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	105	65	35	529,400	287,950	241,450	100	55	45	140	70	70
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	140	75	65	538,265	266,540	271,725	145	80	65	130	70	60
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	40.8	38.4	39.7	40.2	39.3	40.0	38.0	42.4	41.4	40.4	42.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	245	140	110	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	240	130	110	310	155	160
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0	10	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	230	130	105	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	235	125	110	300	150	155
Employee	190	105	85	907,745	457,830	449,915	215	115	100	225	95	135
Permanent position	175	100	80	741,830	380,445	361,385	190	100	95	180	80	100
Temporary position	15	0	10	165,915	77,385	88,530	20	15	10	40	15	30
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	15	15	0	20	10	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	0	0	0	96,225	46,100	50,120	15	0	10	20	0	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	45	30	15	142,380	88,145	54,230	15	10	0	80	55	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	245	140	110	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	240	130	110	310	155	160
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0	10	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	230	130	105	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	235	125	110	300	150	155
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	30	10	20	207,660	79,975	127,685	50	15	30	85	35	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	50	35	15	114,775	85,780	28,990	0	0	0	40	25	10
3 Health occupations	15	15	0	85,545	21,700	63,845	40	10	30	30	15	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	30	15	15	140,500	46,385	94,115	25	10	15	55	10	45
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	45	25	25	61,790	31,615	30,175	15	10	0	20	0	10
6 Sales and service occupations	45	25	25	263,055	135,300	127,750	75	50	20	60	40	25
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	0	0	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	20	20	0	10	10	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	10	0	0	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	245	140	110	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	240	130	110	310	155	160
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0	10	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	230	130	105	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	235	125	110	300	150	155
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	15	15	0	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	25	20	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	20	15	10	10	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	15	10	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0	15	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	30	10	20	111,555	56,180	55,375	20	10	10	15	10	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	10	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0	15	15	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0	15	15	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	15	10	0	20	10	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	55	20	35	130,405	75,750	54,655	15	10	10	40	35	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	30	20	0	10	0	10
61 Educational services	20	10	10	95,290	34,510	60,780	20	15	0	50	0	40
62 Health care and social assistance	20	0	10	142,545	36,095	106,450	50	10	40	50	20	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	25	15	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	20	15	10	30	15	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	10	0	0	15	0	15
91 Public administration	10	10	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	260	145	120	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	275	150	125	315	160	155
English	55	25	30	201,310	110,165	91,150	15	10	0	125	60	65
French	80	50	30	416,430	206,170	210,265	120	70	50	40	25	15
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	125	70	55	473,485	249,700	223,785	115	55	60	145	80	70
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	260	145	120	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	275	150	125	315	160	155
Single responses	240	130	110	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	235	125	110	280	140	140
Official languages	240	130	110	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	225	120	105	280	140	140
English	110	55	55	361,715	194,885	166,835	40	30	10	205	100	105
French	130	75	55	645,885	327,180	318,705	190	95	100	85	45	35
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	20	10	126,180	65,940	60,240	40	25	15	35	15	20
English and French	25	20	10	116,535	60,925	55,605	40	25	15	30	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	260	145	120	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	275	150	125	315	160	155
None	150	85	65	743,180	381,875	361,305	170	100	70	195	100	95
English	50	25	25	219,885	116,455	103,430	65	25	45	45	20	20
French	60	30	30	149,470	78,495	70,975	25	15	0	75	40	35
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	15	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	15	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	215	120	100	971,245	502,885	468,360	220	115	105	265	130	135
Worked at home	95	55	40	298,820	151,335	147,485	30	15	20	95	65	35
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	0	0	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	25	25	0	35	20	15
Usual place of work	105	60	45	580,035	286,695	293,340	165	80	90	135	50	85
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	105	60	45	580,035	286,695	293,340	165	80	85	135	50	85
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	85	45	30	427,475	202,010	225,465	145	65	80	45	15	30
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0	90	40	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	0	15	58,865	35,690	23,175	20	15	10	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	115	65	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	195	105	85	170	65	100
Car, truck or van	40	25	20	395,615	229,315	166,300	135	80	55	135	60	75
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40	25	20	365,770	218,475	147,295	115	80	40	130	60	70
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	20	0	15	0	0	0
Public transit	40	25	20	177,860	74,605	103,260	25	15	10	10	0	10
Walked	20	15	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	25	0	15	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0	20	0	15
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	115	65	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	195	105	85	170	65	100
Less than 15 minutes	15	10	0	125,240	61,185	64,055	35	20	15	55	10	50
15 to 29 minutes	40	35	10	241,005	129,590	111,420	75	35	40	80	35	45
30 to 44 minutes	50	15	35	176,925	96,710	80,215	65	40	25	30	20	10
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	67,635	33,110	34,530	10	10	0	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	15	0	0	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	115	65	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	195	105	85	170	65	100
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	0	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	25	10	15	0	0	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20	10	10	166,695	79,410	87,280	40	35	0	30	10	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	50	35	15	149,185	68,865	80,320	45	20	20	35	20	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15	10	0	106,855	50,615	56,240	55	20	40	60	10	45
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10	0	10	112,350	65,830	46,520	20	15	0	35	25	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	45	25	20	371,310	189,920	181,390	100	55	45	185	100	85
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	15	10	5	110	60	50
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	15	262,245	133,605	128,640	85	50	35	75	40	35
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	30	15	15	264,905	135,505	129,395	65	40	25	120	65	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	10	5	5	75	35	35
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	5	5	60	35	30
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	5	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	0	10	5	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	10	182,020	92,755	89,270	55	35	20	45	25	20

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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