Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661947More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660987More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24660392More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	438	...	...	451	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	473	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	253	...	...	203	...	...	976,966	...	...	184	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	226	...	...	194	...	...	910,359	...	...	175	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	19,043.5	...	...	9,337.5	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	5,284.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.02	...	...	0.05	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.09	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	435	220	220	450	200	250	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	470	220	250
0 to 14 years	20	5	10	60	30	25	309,765	158,545	151,225	80	40	40
0 to 4 years	5	5	5	15	10	5	99,195	50,760	48,435	25	15	15
5 to 9 years	5	0	5	15	5	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	30	10	15
10 to 14 years	10	5	5	30	15	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	25	15	10
15 to 64 years	375	185	195	255	105	145	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	285	130	150
15 to 19 years	15	5	10	15	5	15	97,525	49,340	48,180	20	10	15
20 to 24 years	115	45	75	20	0	15	140,025	70,895	69,125	35	20	15
25 to 29 years	75	45	30	30	10	20	165,525	83,630	81,895	30	15	10
30 to 34 years	35	20	15	20	10	10	157,725	78,995	78,730	15	5	10
35 to 39 years	40	25	10	15	5	5	149,265	74,115	75,155	25	15	15
40 to 44 years	20	10	10	30	10	20	142,365	70,920	71,445	30	15	15
45 to 49 years	20	10	5	35	20	20	125,505	62,690	62,815	30	10	15
50 to 54 years	25	5	15	35	15	20	121,710	61,735	59,975	25	15	15
55 to 59 years	25	10	15	30	10	15	125,465	63,810	61,655	35	10	25
60 to 64 years	20	10	15	25	10	10	118,065	57,920	60,140	35	20	20
65 years and over	45	25	15	135	60	75	351,325	151,210	200,120	110	45	65
65 to 69 years	10	5	5	35	10	20	99,325	46,730	52,595	25	15	10
70 to 74 years	15	10	5	35	15	20	86,030	39,185	46,845	20	10	10
75 to 79 years	5	5	0	35	10	20	63,215	27,320	35,895	15	5	15
80 to 84 years	5	5	0	25	10	10	46,875	18,960	27,915	20	10	10
85 years and over	5	0	5	15	10	0	55,885	19,015	36,870	30	10	15
85 to 89 years	0	0	5	10	10	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	20	5	15
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	5	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4.6	2.3	4.5	13.3	15.0	10.0	15.5	16.1	14.8	17.0	18.2	16.0
15 to 64 years	86.2	84.1	88.6	56.7	52.5	58.0	67.0	68.5	65.6	60.6	59.1	60.0
65 years and over	10.3	11.4	6.8	30.0	30.0	30.0	17.5	15.4	19.6	23.4	20.5	26.0
85 years and over	1.1	0.0	2.3	3.3	5.0	0.0	2.8	1.9	3.6	6.4	4.5	6.0
Average age of the population	36.8	37.6	36.0	47.9	48.6	47.4	41.0	39.8	42.1	44.5	42.8	46.0
Median age of the population	29.6	31.0	28.2	49.6	50.8	49.2	39.6	38.4	40.4	45.6	42.4	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	225	...	...	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	55	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	15	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	30	...	...	135	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	175	...	...	0	...	...	479,885	...	...	175	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	225	...	...	190	...	...	910,355	...	...	175	...	...
1 person	105	...	...	60	...	...	367,400	...	...	35	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	65	...	...	271,730	...	...	55	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	30	...	...	118,205	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	20	...	...	98,205	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	15	...	...	54,820	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	430	215	220	450	200	250	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	470	225	250
Average household size	1.9	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	420	210	210	390	165	220	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	395	180	215
Married or living common-law	125	65	60	225	110	115	822,440	414,330	408,115	195	95	95
Married	50	25	25	200	100	100	577,060	289,455	287,600	180	90	90
Living common-law	75	35	40	30	10	15	245,385	124,870	120,510	10	5	5
Living common law - Never married	70	40	35	15	10	10	207,040	104,785	102,250	5	0	0
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	0	0	0	15	5	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	5	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	290	150	145	165	55	105	872,060	410,935	461,125	200	85	115
Not married and not living common law - Never married	260	135	125	115	40	75	627,845	333,150	294,700	130	65	70
Not married and not living common law - Separated	0	5	0	5	0	0	34,795	14,820	19,975	0	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20	5	10	30	10	20	126,605	46,380	80,225	35	10	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	20	5	15	82,815	16,590	66,225	30	5	30
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	80	...	...	135	...	...	495,445	...	...	130	...	...
2 persons	55	...	...	65	...	...	251,075	...	...	60	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	30	...	...	107,265	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	5	...	...	25	...	...	93,300	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	130	...	...	495,445	...	...	130	...	...
Total couple families	60	...	...	115	...	...	395,645	...	...	90	...	...
Married couples	25	...	...	100	...	...	273,070	...	...	85	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	55	...	...	162,745	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	45	...	...	110,325	...	...	30	...	...
Common-law couples	35	...	...	15	...	...	122,570	...	...	5	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	5	...	...	44,875	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	5	...	...	77,700	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	15	...	...	20	...	...	99,805	...	...	40	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10	...	...	20	...	...	80,530	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	430	210	220	450	200	250	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	475	225	250
Total - Persons in census families	195	90	105	380	170	205	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	390	190	195
Married spouses or common-law partners	125	60	60	220	110	115	791,280	398,495	392,785	180	95	95
Parents in one-parent families	15	0	15	20	5	15	99,805	19,275	80,525	40	10	30
Children⁶	55	25	30	130	60	75	541,905	284,935	256,965	165	90	75
In a two-parent family	30	10	20	105	45	60	392,250	205,155	187,095	110	60	50
In a one-parent family	20	10	10	30	15	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	55	30	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	240	125	115	75	30	45	526,370	262,915	263,450	85	30	55
Living alone	105	55	50	55	20	35	367,395	175,660	191,740	40	15	25
Living with other relatives⁷	5	5	5	10	0	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	35	5	25
Living with non-relatives only	130	65	65	5	0	5	109,690	65,235	44,455	10	10	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	225	...	...	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	75	...	...	120	...	...	455,970	...	...	105	...	...
Couple-family households	55	...	...	105	...	...	370,250	...	...	80	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	55	...	...	194,165	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	50	...	...	176,085	...	...	25	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	15	...	...	85,720	...	...	25	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	5	...	...	13,270	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	45	...	...	5	...	...	55,210	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	105	...	...	55	...	...	367,395	...	...	40	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	410	205	210	395	170	225	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	395	180	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	380	185	190	385	165	215	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	375	180	200
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	30,000	26,400	35,200	42,000	28,400	37,600	39,600	36,000	31,800	34,000	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	380	185	190	385	165	215	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	375	180	200
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,200	27,600	24,000	31,800	36,800	27,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	30,200	31,400	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	340	170	165	345	155	190	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	320	160	165
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	22,000	22,800	20,200	25,200	35,200	17,400	31,000	35,200	27,000	21,600	25,000	18,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	290	145	140	240	110	135	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	225	110	115
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,000	22,800	25,200	33,200	37,600	28,600	32,800	36,000	29,600	30,600	30,400	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	320	160	160	325	130	195	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	345	160	185
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,500	8,800	14,800	16,400	13,700	10,800	9,600	12,000	13,100	11,200	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30	15	15	35	15	25	171,705	84,570	87,145	45	20	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	x	x	4,600	x	3,720	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,640	x	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	160	85	80	105	50	55	529,640	276,110	253,530	110	55	50
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	9,000	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,500	10,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	380	205	180	380	170	205	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	410	180	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	365	195	170	375	170	200	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	395	180	215
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,200	40,800	43,600	43,200	54,800	33,600	53,250	60,050	46,760	36,800	37,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	365	195	170	375	170	200	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	395	180	215
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	33,600	35,200	36,000	44,400	28,800	42,520	46,280	38,960	32,000	32,400	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	355	185	165	320	160	160	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	320	150	165
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	34,800	37,200	37,200	45,200	28,800	48,960	57,350	40,640	31,000	31,600	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	150	150	205	115	90	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	210	105	100
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,000	31,600	41,600	45,000	38,500	48,760	55,650	41,480	37,600	38,000	37,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	295	170	125	315	140	170	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	365	165	200
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,600	10,400	13,800	15,000	12,700	12,040	10,900	13,040	12,800	11,600	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40	15	30	0	0	0	171,360	84,435	86,925	55	25	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	6,000	11,000	...	...	...	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,800	7,200	6,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	145	90	55	70	50	20	528,305	276,300	252,005	105	50	60
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	9,800	8,800	8,800	8,800	8,500	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,600	10,400	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	385	205	180	385	175	205	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	405	180	225
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	90	40	45	105	65	45	514,340	278,505	235,830	80	45	35
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000	77,000	80,000	67,000	67,500	66,500	60,000	63,600	56,000	56,000	68,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,000	96,000	70,000	70,000	72,000	68,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	58,000	60,000	56,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	160	90	75	70	40	30	504,455	247,565	256,895	95	40	50
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	10,600	10,600	12,700	7,800	7,750	10,300	16,400	17,400	15,500	16,400	27,800	9,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	14,200	19,000	16,000	15,000	17,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	30,000	29,000	31,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	82.0	82.0	73.0	77.0	68.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	68.0	72.0	64.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0	70.0	64.0	53.0	54.0	52.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	54.0	60.0	48.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.0	18.0	17.5	26.8	23.0	32.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	32.4	28.8	35.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.6	1.2	4.0	x	x	x	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.4	2.4	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.6	12.0	7.2	4.7	5.2	3.9	6.4	5.9	7.0	8.1	8.4	7.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.8	11.2	6.4	3.8	4.4	2.8	5.7	5.4	6.0	7.0	7.6	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	415	205	210	390	165	220	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	395	180	215
Without total income	35	20	15	15	0	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	15	5	15
With total income	385	185	195	380	170	215	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	375	175	200
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60	20	40	35	5	25	138,250	65,670	72,580	40	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	35	60	20	40	200,450	93,060	107,390	55	20	35
$20,000 to $29,999	80	45	35	75	30	40	286,825	131,235	155,595	75	35	40
$30,000 to $39,999	45	20	25	60	30	35	215,455	102,705	112,755	55	30	25
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	10	35	20	15	181,505	86,460	95,040	50	25	25
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	15	35	15	20	138,185	64,805	73,380	30	10	20
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	25	15	10	100,060	48,510	51,550	25	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	5	20	10	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	25	15	5
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	15	5	10	58,400	30,060	28,335	10	0	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	5	0	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	40	20	15	25	20	10	149,555	92,680	56,875	10	5	10
$100,000 to $149,999	25	15	5	15	10	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	10	0	5
$150,000 and over	10	10	5	10	5	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	5	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	415	205	210	390	165	220	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	395	180	215
Without after-tax income	35	20	15	15	0	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	15	5	15
With after-tax income	385	185	195	380	170	215	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	375	175	200
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60	20	40	30	10	25	144,275	67,955	76,320	45	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	35	60	20	40	210,975	98,495	112,480	55	25	35
$20,000 to $29,999	90	55	35	90	35	55	334,395	155,845	178,545	90	40	50
$30,000 to $39,999	50	30	25	60	35	30	257,145	124,835	132,315	70	35	35
$40,000 to $49,999	30	15	15	45	20	25	204,980	97,805	107,175	40	15	20
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	10	35	20	20	139,760	67,315	72,450	45	25	20
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	15	20	15	10	93,705	46,700	47,005	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	15	5	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	5	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	0	10	0	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	5	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	10	5	5	73,695	48,025	25,665	5	0	5
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	5	0	5	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	5	5	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	415	205	210	390	165	220	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	395	180	215
Without employment income	125	60	70	150	55	90	495,060	212,405	282,660	165	65	105
With employment income	285	145	140	245	110	135	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	225	115	110
Under $5,000 (including loss)	70	30	40	40	20	25	167,560	82,405	85,155	25	15	15
$5,000 to $9,999	30	15	15	20	5	15	111,575	52,975	58,595	20	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	25	15	15	30	15	20	151,350	72,815	78,530	30	15	15
$20,000 to $29,999	35	20	20	20	5	10	116,030	56,295	59,730	30	20	10
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	25	10	10	108,120	55,225	52,890	25	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	20	10	10	30	10	20	104,250	51,950	52,300	20	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	10	0	10	15	5	10	84,485	42,940	41,540	35	10	20
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	5	10	5	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	10	5	0
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	0	15	5	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	10	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	15	5	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	5	0	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	5	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	25	15	10	20	10	10	115,575	74,545	41,030	10	0	5
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	5	10	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	10	5	5	68,050	45,675	22,375	5	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	410	205	210	395	170	225	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	395	180	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	375	185	190	375	165	210	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	370	170	195
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,800	27,200	20,800	32,400	42,000	25,200	34,000	36,400	31,800	30,400	32,800	25,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	370	185	190	375	165	210	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	370	170	195
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,200	25,800	20,600	29,600	36,000	23,800	31,000	32,800	29,400	28,000	29,400	25,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	335	165	170	340	155	180	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	315	150	165
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,600	28,400	19,000	28,200	36,800	20,800	32,000	36,000	28,200	24,200	29,200	20,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	285	140	145	240	115	125	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	225	110	110
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	28,800	23,800	36,400	46,800	29,800	33,600	36,800	30,400	33,200	34,400	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	145	135	310	125	185	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	315	140	175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,450	1,450	1,450	10,500	10,300	10,600	4,440	2,760	7,300	9,100	4,400	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10	10	0	20	10	15	114,940	56,080	58,855	25	15	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	...	4,360	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,880	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	380	205	180	380	170	205	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	410	180	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	345	185	160	375	170	200	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	385	180	205
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	39,200	43,600	40,800	51,600	31,400	50,000	57,050	43,280	33,800	34,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	345	185	160	375	170	200	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	385	180	205
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,400	31,600	35,600	34,600	42,800	27,600	39,800	43,800	35,920	29,600	29,800	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	170	155	310	160	145	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	320	150	170
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	39,600	42,000	38,400	46,000	30,400	49,080	57,750	40,560	30,100	32,500	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	295	150	145	205	115	85	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	205	100	105
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	39,000	34,000	44,400	47,000	41,000	48,720	55,750	41,240	38,400	41,000	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	275	160	115	300	135	175	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	320	140	175
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,640	2,780	4,900	11,100	11,400	10,900	8,250	6,740	9,510	10,300	9,200	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	0	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	15	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	...	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	10,000	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	385	205	180	385	175	205	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	405	180	225
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	85	40	40	105	65	45	507,645	274,575	233,070	80	45	35
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	40,400	85,000	67,500	72,500	58,400	54,400	58,400	50,400	49,200	50,800	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,000	84,000	68,000	67,000	72,000	60,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	50,000	50,000	48,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	150	85	65	60	40	25	462,020	227,495	234,530	75	35	45
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	12,100	15,700	12,100	16,800	15,400	x	21,800	23,200	20,400	42,400	50,800	33,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	21,600	22,000	27,000	24,000	32,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	40,000	44,000	38,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.0	94.0	92.0	78.0	84.0	70.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	75.0	80.0	71.0
Employment income (%)	76.0	84.0	70.0	59.0	62.0	56.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	60.0	66.0	54.0
Government transfers (%)	7.1	6.3	7.8	22.0	17.0	29.2	12.8	8.6	18.2	25.2	21.0	29.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.2	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	225	...	...	190	...	...	910,355	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	65,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	59,200	...	...	58,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	105	...	...	55	...	...	367,395	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,400	...	...	32,800	...	...	38,000	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	26,200	...	...	29,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	31,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	120	...	...	140	...	...	542,960	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	81,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	220	...	...	195	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	70,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	115	...	...	65	...	...	367,255	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,000	...	...	40,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	39,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,500	...	...	35,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	35,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	100	...	...	125	...	...	543,100	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	230	...	...	195	...	...	910,355	...	...	175	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	25,730	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	57,720	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	40,595	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	41,545	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	42,630	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	40,980	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	75,485	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	67,695	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	60,495	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	65	...	...	270,265	...	...	50	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	85,635	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	56,205	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	62,095	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	15	...	...	66,335	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	230	...	...	195	...	...	910,355	...	...	175	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	27,485	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	63,030	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	48,815	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	50,890	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	85,490	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	75,625	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	65,530	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	45	...	...	197,490	...	...	35	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	78,870	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	45,905	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	20	...	...	72,715	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	80	...	...	135	...	...	501,830	...	...	130	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.5	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	50	...	...	179,195	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	88,000	...	...	50,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	49,200	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	60	...	...	208,260	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	20	...	...	95,875	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	56,800	...	...	65,500	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	53,200	...	...	59,600	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	235	120	115	65	30	40	477,085	240,895	236,195	50	25	30
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	22,600	24,600	20,000	32,800	34,400	31,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	34,800	37,600	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	21,800	23,400	18,800	29,600	30,200	29,600	31,200	31,200	31,200	30,400	33,600	29,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	65	...	...	130	...	...	501,905	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	60	...	...	179,455	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	74,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	60	...	...	208,375	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	128,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	104,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	0	...	...	95,455	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	...	...	...	67,100	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	240	140	105	65	25	40	476,520	240,280	236,245	45	25	25
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	32,500	30,800	40,000	60,000	29,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	39,000	30,000	48,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,400	28,000	26,400	35,000	48,000	27,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	35,000	28,000	44,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	435	215	220	450	200	250	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	470	220	250
0 to 17 years	25	10	15	70	40	35	365,020	186,710	178,315	95	45	50
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	20	10	5	120,615	61,615	58,995	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	365	175	185	240	105	140	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	265	130	140
65 years and over	45	25	15	135	60	75	317,425	140,270	177,155	110	50	65
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	155	70	90	70	30	40	321,885	154,370	167,510	40	20	25
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	10	5	5	54,265	27,870	26,395	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	5	5	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	135	55	80	30	10	20	197,020	99,310	97,710	20	5	10
65 years and over	20	10	5	30	15	15	70,600	27,185	43,415	20	5	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	36.0	32.0	40.0	14.8	14.0	16.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	8.8	8.0	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	25.0	x	x	12.0	12.0	12.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	...	x	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	36.5	31.0	42.0	12.0	10.0	12.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	7.6	6.0	9.0
65 years and over (%)	40.0	40.0	40.0	22.0	20.0	24.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	18.0	16.0	20.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	430	210	220	450	200	250	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	475	225	250
0 to 17 years	25	10	20	70	35	35	365,025	186,705	178,315	95	50	45
0 to 5 years	10	5	0	25	15	10	120,610	61,615	58,995	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	360	180	190	245	105	135	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	265	125	140
65 years and over	40	25	20	140	65	75	317,425	140,265	177,155	110	50	60
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	145	65	75	30	15	15	213,720	108,905	104,815	20	5	10
0 to 17 years	5	5	5	5	5	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	0	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	130	65	70	25	10	10	153,385	81,765	71,620	15	10	5
65 years and over	5	5	5	5	5	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	10	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	33.0	32.0	34.0	6.8	7.0	6.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	4.0	4.0	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	25.0	x	x	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	...	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	36.0	34.0	38.0	8.5	10.0	8.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	5.0	6.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	16.0	16.0	x	4.0	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	5.0	x	6.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	430	215	220	450	200	250	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	470	220	250
In bottom half of the distribution	300	150	150	245	110	140	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	310	140	170
In bottom decile	165	80	85	55	25	30	298,540	147,890	150,655	35	15	20
In second decile	55	35	25	55	25	30	244,435	115,985	128,450	75	35	40
In third decile	30	15	15	45	20	25	240,895	116,550	124,345	75	35	35
In fourth decile	25	10	15	45	15	30	218,125	105,885	112,240	65	30	35
In fifth decile	20	10	15	45	25	20	194,765	95,185	99,580	60	30	35
In top half of the distribution	135	65	70	205	95	115	762,590	384,140	378,450	165	85	80
In sixth decile	45	20	20	45	15	30	172,200	85,100	87,095	65	30	35
In seventh decile	20	5	15	45	20	25	156,540	78,290	78,250	40	20	20
In eighth decile	25	15	10	45	25	20	144,120	72,600	71,525	20	5	10
In ninth decile	25	10	15	40	15	25	134,265	68,285	65,980	25	10	10
In top decile	30	15	15	25	10	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	15	5	10
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	430	...	...	450	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.438	...	...	0.314	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.257	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.562	...	...	0.450	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.390	...	...	0.272	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.223	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	7.5	...	...	3.7	...	...	4.1	...	...	2.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	440	215	220	450	205	250	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	475	225	250
English only	50	25	25	65	25	45	262,290	133,690	128,600	30	15	15
French only	60	30	30	70	30	45	486,845	221,005	265,840	135	65	75
English and French	315	160	155	305	145	155	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	285	140	140
Neither English nor French	15	0	10	10	5	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	25	5	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	440	215	220	450	205	250	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	475	225	250
English	145	60	85	250	115	130	605,220	303,380	301,835	175	75	100
French	260	140	120	160	65	95	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	235	120	115
English and French	25	15	10	35	20	20	173,785	88,480	85,300	40	25	20
Neither English nor French	15	0	10	10	5	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	20	5	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	440	215	220	450	205	250	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	475	225	250
Single responses	405	195	215	430	195	235	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	425	195	230
Official languages	310	155	155	280	125	150	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	170	90	80
English	105	45	60	145	70	70	322,315	162,085	160,230	70	35	35
French	210	110	100	140	55	80	870,975	428,435	442,540	95	50	45
Non-official languages	95	45	55	150	65	80	643,275	311,525	331,750	260	110	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	95	45	55	150	65	80	642,820	311,370	331,445	260	110	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	45	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	5	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	40	20	20
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	10	5	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	40	20	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	25	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	20	5	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	35	45	130	55	75	329,415	158,980	170,435	170	75	100
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	10	5	10	37,235	16,405	20,835	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	10	5	10	36,800	16,245	20,555	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	5	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	5	10	17,080	8,125	8,955	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5	10	5	5	68,600	36,145	32,455	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	10	5	5	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5	5	5	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	30	35	90	45	50	183,755	87,295	96,460	155	65	90
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	80	40	40	63,560	29,680	33,880	125	50	80
Portuguese	40	20	25	10	0	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	10	5	0	5	85,395	41,150	44,250	25	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	5	0	5	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5	5	0	5	0	5	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	0	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	10	25	5	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	45	25	20
English and French	15	5	5	5	0	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	10	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	5	0	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	440	215	220	450	205	250	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	475	225	250
English	95	45	45	165	80	85	340,470	170,050	170,425	105	50	55
French	175	95	85	115	50	65	779,125	383,000	396,125	80	40	40
Non-official language	40	20	25	45	20	30	204,395	96,705	107,690	65	25	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	20	25	45	20	30	204,315	96,670	107,645	65	25	40
English and French	80	40	40	40	20	20	173,135	89,205	83,935	25	20	5
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	50	25	30	135,390	66,995	68,400	35	10	25
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	15	5	10	180,900	85,935	94,965	85	45	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	20	10	10	154,470	76,450	78,020	70	35	35
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	440	215	220	450	205	250	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	475	225	250
Single responses	405	200	205	430	190	235	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	415	185	225
Official languages	350	175	175	355	160	195	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	290	130	155
English	135	65	70	225	105	125	479,850	239,270	240,580	145	70	80
French	215	115	105	130	55	75	956,130	471,155	484,975	140	65	70
Non-official languages	55	25	30	70	30	45	370,290	177,955	192,335	125	55	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	25	30	70	30	45	370,125	177,895	192,235	125	55	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	10	5	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	15	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	20	25	55	25	30	188,550	90,370	98,185	70	30	40
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	0	5	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	5	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	25	35	15	20	95,835	44,515	51,315	70	25	40
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	25	15	15	22,105	9,270	12,835	55	25	30
Portuguese	30	15	20	0	0	5	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	0	0	0	54,335	26,035	28,300	15	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	5	0	5	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5	5	0	5	0	5	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	0	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	15	20	10	10	173,745	85,640	88,110	65	35	25
English and French	25	10	15	10	5	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	10	5	5	39,365	19,140	20,225	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	57,355	27,790	29,565	25	20	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	435	215	220	450	200	250	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	470	225	250
None	340	165	170	345	155	190	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	295	135	155
English	35	15	15	25	10	10	131,630	67,290	64,340	25	15	15
French	35	15	15	30	15	15	126,780	62,180	64,600	45	25	20
Non-official language	20	5	10	35	10	25	144,335	69,210	75,130	65	20	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	5	10	35	10	25	144,155	69,135	75,015	65	20	40
English and French	0	0	0	10	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0	0	0	38,875	19,700	19,180	20	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	10	5	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	385	200	185	430	195	235	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	465	205	260
Official languages	385	200	185	420	190	230	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	435	195	235
English	345	190	160	355	165	180	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	295	145	155
French	350	185	165	310	140	165	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	425	195	225
Non-official languages	135	75	60	185	85	100	971,455	471,755	499,700	345	145	195
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	135	75	60	185	85	100	970,710	471,495	499,220	345	145	195
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	217,295	113,605	103,690	50	20	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	205,120	107,210	97,905	50	20	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	30	10	20	188,115	98,545	89,565	50	20	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	25	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	50	15	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	50	15	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	110	65	45	150	70	80	514,485	250,190	264,295	210	90	115
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	10	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25	10	15	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	65	40	90	50	40	324,695	154,360	170,340	195	85	110
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	25	25	0	80	40	40	107,285	51,300	55,985	175	70	105
Portuguese	25	10	20	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	75	45	25	15	15	0	193,835	91,345	102,490	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	390	200	180	430	195	235	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	465	210	260
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	390	200	180	425	190	235	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	465	210	260
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	390	200	180	430	195	235	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	465	210	260
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	390	200	180	425	190	235	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	465	210	260
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	220	...	...	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Owner	45	...	...	90	...	...	360,125	...	...	100	...	...
Renter	175	...	...	100	...	...	550,240	...	...	85	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	220	...	...	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Condominium	35	...	...	10	...	...	192,985	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	185	...	...	185	...	...	717,375	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	220	...	...	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	60	...	...	45	...	...	267,715	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	65	...	...	20	...	...	303,875	...	...	20	...	...
3 bedrooms	45	...	...	95	...	...	220,945	...	...	130	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...	30	...	...	98,090	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	220	...	...	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	110	...	...	50	...	...	501,570	...	...	35	...	...
5 rooms	35	...	...	45	...	...	166,230	...	...	90	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	50	...	...	78,495	...	...	10	...	...
7 rooms	25	...	...	25	...	...	58,850	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	15	...	...	25	...	...	105,210	...	...	25	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.6	...	...	5.4	...	...	4.7	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	220	...	...	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
One person or fewer per room	220	...	...	190	...	...	881,730	...	...	180	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	220	...	...	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Suitable	220	...	...	190	...	...	834,885	...	...	175	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	220	...	...	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
1960 or before	175	...	...	10	...	...	325,005	...	...	10	...	...
1961 to 1980	25	...	...	155	...	...	282,605	...	...	150	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	25	...	...	101,185	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	220	...	...	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	190	...	...	180	...	...	833,540	...	...	165	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	15	...	...	76,815	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	220	...	...	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
One-maintainer household	130	...	...	95	...	...	543,605	...	...	90	...	...
Two-maintainer household	65	...	...	95	...	...	333,140	...	...	65	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	25	...	...	0	...	...	33,620	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	220	...	...	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
15 to 24 years	35	...	...	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	60	...	...	10	...	...	162,375	...	...	10	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	10	...	...	171,535	...	...	15	...	...
45 to 54 years	15	...	...	35	...	...	155,520	...	...	40	...	...
55 to 64 years	55	...	...	30	...	...	156,865	...	...	40	...	...
65 to 74 years	15	...	...	45	...	...	122,825	...	...	30	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	45	...	...	70,345	...	...	25	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	215	...	...	190	...	...	902,485	...	...	180	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	130	...	...	155	...	...	686,075	...	...	130	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	85	...	...	35	...	...	216,410	...	...	50	...	...
30% to less than 100%	75	...	...	30	...	...	189,795	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	220	...	...	190	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	45	...	...	330,635	...	...	75	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	70	...	...	30	...	...	186,350	...	...	35	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	10	...	...	18,075	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	115	...	...	150	...	...	579,720	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	200	...	...	190	...	...	875,865	...	...	185	...	...
In core need	55	...	...	25	...	...	87,945	...	...	20	...	...
Not in core need	150	...	...	165	...	...	787,925	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	45	...	...	95	...	...	360,120	...	...	95	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.7	...	...	36.8	...	...	60.0	...	...	42.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	31.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,180	...	...	765	...	...	1,370	...	...	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,200	...	...	1,180	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,440	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,200,000	...	...	700,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	695,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	960,000	...	...	710,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	710,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	175	...	...	100	...	...	550,235	...	...	85	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	47.1	...	...	30.0	...	...	28.4	...	...	29.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	35.5	...	...	26.3	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	930	...	...	890	...	...	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	840	...	...	987	...	...	960	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	390	205	185	430	195	240	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	460	205	255
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	15	10	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	15	10	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	10	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	380	195	185	415	190	230	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	460	205	255
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	385	205	185	430	190	240	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	465	205	255
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	295	160	135	425	190	240	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	435	195	240
Canadian citizens aged under 18	0	0	0	50	20	30	322,965	164,980	157,985	70	30	45
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	290	160	125	375	170	205	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	365	165	200
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	90	40	55	0	0	0	313,410	160,530	152,885	30	10	20
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	385	205	185	430	190	240	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	465	205	255
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	255	150	105	325	145	175	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	220	105	120
Immigrants⁸¹	70	25	40	105	45	60	652,730	313,955	338,770	215	95	125
Before 1980	15	0	10	55	25	30	108,265	50,530	57,735	110	45	60
1980 to 1990	15	0	10	10	10	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	20	10	0
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	20	0	15	106,810	50,520	56,290	20	0	15
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	15	10	10	154,780	74,520	80,255	45	20	25
2011 to 2021⁸²	35	15	20	0	0	0	213,175	104,225	108,950	20	10	10
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	20	10	10
2016 to 2021	35	15	20	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	65	25	35	0	0	0	138,240	75,380	62,860	25	10	20
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	70	25	40	105	45	60	652,725	313,955	338,770	220	95	125
Under 5 years	0	0	0	10	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	20	0	10
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	10	0	10	103,285	51,965	51,320	45	15	30
15 to 24 years	25	15	15	55	20	35	118,475	53,035	65,440	55	25	30
25 to 44 years	30	10	25	30	20	0	326,320	158,620	167,700	100	45	50
45 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	70	25	40	105	45	60	652,725	313,955	338,770	220	95	125
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	137,955	63,465	74,485	55	25	30
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	20	15	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	30	10	20
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	40	10	30	70	25	40	158,795	76,610	82,190	95	35	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	30	10	20	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	25	10	15	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	35	15	20	32,485	15,325	17,165	90	35	55
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	10	0	10	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	20	0	15	152,205	77,515	74,690	35	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	35	20	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	15	0	10	15	10	10	202,715	95,775	106,935	35	15	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	10	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	20	20	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	25	10	20	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	25	10	20	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	390	200	185	430	195	235	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	465	205	260
First generation¹⁰⁰	170	65	100	105	45	60	813,905	400,325	413,580	245	100	140
Second generation¹⁰¹	45	35	15	120	55	65	424,225	212,755	211,475	115	50	65
Third generation or more¹⁰²	175	105	70	210	95	115	721,230	352,590	368,630	110	50	55
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	50	20	30	45	20	25	544,455	263,425	281,040	105	50	60
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	35	15	20	25	15	10	303,105	155,090	148,020	75	30	40
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	10	15	15	15	0	151,015	87,200	63,815	35	25	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15	0	10	10	0	10	152,090	67,890	84,205	40	10	35
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	15	10	0	25	10	20	146,645	59,645	87,000	20	0	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	15	0	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	50	20	30	45	20	25	544,455	263,425	281,040	105	50	60
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	0	0	0	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	0	10	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	20	10	10	40	15	25	387,815	184,015	203,795	90	40	50
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	390	200	185	430	195	235	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	465	210	260
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	35	10	25	65	20	35	737,510	363,785	373,725	185	80	95
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	10	0	10	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	0	0	0	0	0	0	208,805	101,125	107,680	50	20	30
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	15	0	10	151,890	79,375	72,515	80	40	45
Latin American	10	0	0	0	0	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	20	15	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	30	10	20
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	355	195	160	365	170	200	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	280	120	155
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	385	205	185	435	190	235	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	465	205	255
Canadian	60	30	30	35	20	20	241,015	115,880	125,135	10	0	10
English	55	35	20	20	15	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	40	15	20	25	15	10	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0
Scottish	15	0	15	45	25	20	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	160	85	75	75	35	40	336,880	169,710	167,170	45	25	25
German	20	15	0	15	0	15	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	15	0	15	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	50	35	15	90	45	45	156,025	76,485	79,535	200	85	115
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	0	10	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	15	15	0	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	30	15	15	40	15	25	108,910	54,650	54,260	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	10	10	0	15	0	10	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	10	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	0	15	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	0	15	15	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	15	0	10	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	0	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	30	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25	10	20	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	45	10	35
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	30	15	15
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	390	200	180	430	195	235	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	465	210	260
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	135	70	65	250	115	135	969,945	451,410	518,540	315	145	170
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10	10	0	20	0	10	116,635	55,545	61,090	10	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	115	55	60	160	85	75	675,695	314,690	361,010	245	115	130
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	35	10	25	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	10	0	10	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	20	10	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	65	25	40	233,440	121,145	112,290	70	35	40
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	230	120	110	110	55	55	590,140	310,985	279,165	75	30	40
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	385	205	185	430	190	240	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	465	205	255
Non-movers	280	120	150	405	185	215	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	410	190	225
Movers	110	80	35	25	10	20	255,365	129,500	125,865	50	15	35
Non-migrants	90	65	30	25	10	20	186,805	94,745	92,055	50	15	35
Migrants	15	10	0	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	10	10	0	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	10	0	0	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	385	200	180	420	190	230	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	450	200	250
Non-movers	85	35	45	315	160	155	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	360	175	185
Movers	300	165	135	115	35	80	821,475	413,250	408,230	95	30	60
Non-migrants	160	85	80	90	30	65	433,700	216,030	217,670	70	20	45
Migrants	140	85	55	20	0	20	387,770	197,215	190,560	25	10	15
Internal migrants	75	50	20	20	0	20	190,035	93,955	96,075	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	50	30	20	20	0	20	159,710	78,770	80,940	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	30	20	0	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	60	25	35	0	0	0	197,735	103,260	94,485	25	10	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	205	180	385	175	205	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	405	180	225
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	20	10	110	45	65	274,820	136,500	138,320	145	55	85
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	350	185	165	270	130	145	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	265	125	140
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	135	100	190	85	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	245	110	130
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25	15	10	20	10	10	121,295	65,950	55,345	65	30	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	210	120	90	170	75	95	975,700	481,690	494,005	175	85	90
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	380	200	180	380	170	210	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	405	180	230
No certificate, diploma or degree	30	20	10	105	45	60	247,460	120,840	126,625	145	55	90
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	55	65	120	45	80	319,755	162,520	157,240	90	45	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230	125	105	150	80	70	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	175	75	105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	40	25	90	50	40	473,060	232,855	240,210	115	45	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	0	10	25	10	15	146,170	81,740	64,425	35	15	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	0	10	10	0	10	106,110	54,025	52,085	30	15	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	10	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35	25	10	60	40	20	260,845	122,345	138,495	70	25	45
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	0	10	0	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	15	0	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	160	85	75	60	30	30	609,855	291,355	318,505	60	30	30
Bachelor's degree	80	55	30	45	15	30	344,605	160,320	184,285	40	10	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	15	0	0	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	10	0	10
Master's degree	55	25	25	15	15	0	159,510	78,325	81,190	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	135	95	190	85	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	245	115	130
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	15	10	20	10	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	65	30	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	45	40	10	65	30	35	162,205	88,420	73,785	50	35	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	160	85	75	105	45	55	831,975	403,420	428,555	125	55	75
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45	35	10	60	30	30	333,160	167,260	165,895	80	35	45
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	0	0	20	15	10	110,390	60,690	49,700	20	15	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	0	10	0	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	20	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	10	10	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30	20	0	30	20	10	174,185	84,745	89,445	45	25	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	10	0	0	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	10	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	115	50	70	45	15	25	498,815	236,155	262,665	45	20	30
Bachelor's degree	55	30	25	35	10	25	276,640	128,890	147,745	30	10	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	10	0	0	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	15	30	10	10	0	137,150	66,720	70,430	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	385	205	180	380	170	210	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	405	175	230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	155	75	80	230	90	140	567,220	283,355	283,860	230	105	125
Education	10	0	0	10	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	0	20
13. Education	10	0	0	10	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30	20	10	0	0	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	10	10	0	0	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	10	0	10
Humanities	40	15	15	20	10	10	78,920	30,815	48,110	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	10	10	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	65	35	30	15	0	10	157,220	58,185	99,040	30	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	25	15	10	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	15	0	0	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	10	10	0	0	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	15	10	10
Business, management and public administration	35	15	20	35	10	30	248,895	110,950	137,945	50	30	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	15	20	35	10	20	237,125	108,040	129,090	45	30	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	25	10	10	57,445	29,770	27,670	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	25	0	25	20	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	25	25	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	15	0	0	0	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	10	10	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10	0	10	15	10	0	122,295	30,795	91,495	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	15	10	0	109,185	24,140	85,045	10	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	235	135	100	190	90	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	240	115	130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	70	55	20	85	45	45	265,025	144,230	120,800	115	60	55
Education	10	0	0	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
13. Education	10	0	0	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30	15	10	0	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	10	10	0	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	10	0	10
Humanities	20	15	0	10	0	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	15	25	10	0	10	121,985	44,105	77,880	25	0	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	20	10	10	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	10	0	10
Business, management and public administration	30	15	20	25	0	20	199,525	87,920	111,600	40	25	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	15	20	15	0	15	190,410	85,600	104,810	40	25	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	15	10	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	10	0	20	15	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	15	15	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	0	0	0	0	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	10	10	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10	0	10	10	0	0	92,595	23,265	69,330	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	0	0	82,410	18,370	64,045	10	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	235	135	100	190	90	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	240	115	130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	70	55	20	85	45	45	265,025	144,230	120,800	115	60	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	165	85	75	105	45	60	831,975	403,415	428,560	125	55	70
Location of study inside Canada	135	65	70	105	45	60	598,455	286,340	312,115	95	40	50
Same as province or territory of residence	130	65	65	105	45	60	566,540	270,160	296,380	90	40	45
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	30	20	10	0	0	0	233,520	117,075	116,445	35	15	20
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	20	10	10	0	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	15	10	10	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	15	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	10	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	15	0	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	380	200	180	380	170	210	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	405	180	230
In the labour force	290	160	125	180	100	75	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	195	95	100
Employed	255	135	120	160	90	70	971,245	502,885	468,360	170	80	90
Unemployed	35	25	15	20	15	0	110,395	58,460	51,935	25	10	10
Not in the labour force	95	45	55	200	70	130	568,495	246,215	322,280	215	85	125
Participation rate	76.3	80.0	69.4	47.4	58.8	35.7	65.5	69.5	61.8	48.1	52.8	43.5
Employment rate	67.1	67.5	66.7	42.1	52.9	33.3	58.9	62.3	55.6	42.0	44.4	39.1
Unemployment rate	12.1	15.6	12.0	11.1	15.0	0.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	12.8	10.5	10.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	385	200	180	380	170	210	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	405	175	230
Did not work¹⁸⁶	110	55	55	205	70	130	582,470	253,075	329,400	225	90	135
Worked	275	150	125	175	100	75	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	180	90	90
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	85	45	45	110	60	40	529,400	287,950	241,450	80	45	35
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	185	105	80	70	35	35	538,265	266,540	271,725	100	45	55
Average weeks worked in reference year	33.0	32.0	34.0	42.8	44.0	41.0	39.7	40.2	39.3	34.4	34.4	34.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	290	160	130	180	100	80	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	195	95	105
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	15	0	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	280	155	130	175	100	75	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	180	90	95
Employee	265	145	120	155	85	70	907,745	457,830	449,915	175	85	85
Permanent position	215	115	100	120	70	55	741,830	380,445	361,385	150	75	75
Temporary position	55	35	20	30	15	20	165,915	77,385	88,530	20	10	15
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	10	0	0	0	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	10	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	40	25	15	30	10	20	96,225	46,100	50,120	15	0	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	20	10	10	25	15	10	142,380	88,145	54,230	15	0	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	290	160	130	180	100	80	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	195	95	105
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	15	0	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	280	155	130	175	100	75	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	180	90	95
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	25	35	40	0	25	207,660	79,975	127,685	35	20	20
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	15	20	30	25	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	15	10	0
3 Health occupations	10	0	10	0	0	0	85,545	21,700	63,845	0	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	25	15	30	0	25	140,500	46,385	94,115	15	0	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20	20	0	0	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	90	50	45	45	25	15	263,055	135,300	127,750	85	40	50
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10	10	0	35	30	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	20	20	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	15	0	10	10	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	290	160	130	180	100	80	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	195	95	105
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	15	0	10
All industries¹⁹¹	280	155	130	175	100	75	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	180	90	95
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	10	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	25	15	0	10	10	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	20	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	35	20	20	35	20	15	111,555	56,180	55,375	10	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	0	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	20	10	0	10	0	10	53,430	27,205	26,225	20	10	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	65	30	35	15	10	0	130,405	75,750	54,655	15	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	0	0	20	20	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	15	10	10
61 Educational services	25	15	15	15	0	15	95,290	34,510	60,780	10	0	0
62 Health care and social assistance	30	0	20	25	0	20	142,545	36,095	106,450	25	0	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	30	30	0	10	10	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	25	10	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	0	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	0	0	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	15	10	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	15	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	305	165	140	200	115	80	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	205	100	105
English	65	30	30	45	30	15	201,310	110,165	91,150	40	15	20
French	90	55	40	40	15	25	416,430	206,170	210,265	85	35	55
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	135	70	65	105	60	45	473,485	249,700	223,785	65	50	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	305	165	140	200	115	80	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	205	100	105
Single responses	260	135	120	170	95	75	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	190	90	100
Official languages	260	135	120	170	95	75	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	185	90	95
English	100	45	55	80	55	25	361,715	194,885	166,835	65	25	35
French	155	90	65	90	40	50	645,885	327,180	318,705	120	70	55
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	30	15	25	20	10	126,180	65,940	60,240	20	10	10
English and French	45	25	15	25	20	10	116,535	60,925	55,605	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	305	165	140	200	115	80	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	205	100	105
None	190	110	80	110	65	45	743,180	381,875	361,305	150	55	90
English	65	40	30	50	20	25	219,885	116,455	103,430	30	30	0
French	40	10	30	30	20	0	149,470	78,495	70,975	25	10	15
Non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	255	135	120	160	85	70	971,245	502,885	468,360	170	80	90
Worked at home	125	70	55	40	15	20	298,820	151,335	147,485	40	20	20
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	25	10	10	15	15	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	25	20	0
Usual place of work	110	60	50	105	55	50	580,035	286,695	293,340	110	45	65
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	110	60	50	100	55	45	580,035	286,695	293,340	110	45	65
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	100	55	50	85	40	45	427,475	202,010	225,465	85	35	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	10	10	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	20	10	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	130	70	55	120	70	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	135	65	65
Car, truck or van	10	0	0	95	65	30	395,615	229,315	166,300	105	60	45
Car, truck or van - as a driver	10	0	0	95	65	30	365,770	218,475	147,295	95	60	35
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	10	0	10
Public transit	30	10	15	15	10	10	177,860	74,605	103,260	25	0	20
Walked	50	30	25	0	0	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	0	0	0
Bicycle	40	30	15	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	130	70	55	120	70	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	135	65	65
Less than 15 minutes	20	15	10	35	10	25	125,240	61,185	64,055	15	0	10
15 to 29 minutes	45	25	25	45	25	20	241,005	129,590	111,420	45	25	15
30 to 44 minutes	45	25	20	30	30	0	176,925	96,710	80,215	50	20	30
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	10	0	0	67,635	33,110	34,530	15	10	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	10	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	130	70	55	120	70	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	135	65	65
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15	15	0	20	20	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	20	0	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35	20	15	40	30	20	166,695	79,410	87,280	35	20	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	20	35	25	0	20	149,185	68,865	80,320	30	15	15
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10	0	0	25	10	15	106,855	50,615	56,240	20	0	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	15	10	0	0	0	0	112,350	65,830	46,520	30	15	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25	10	15	75	35	40	371,310	189,920	181,390	100	50	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	5	50	25	20	109,065	56,315	52,750	35	20	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	5	15	25	10	15	262,245	133,605	128,640	55	30	25
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20	5	15	55	20	35	264,905	135,505	129,395	70	35	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	0	40	20	20	82,880	42,755	40,130	35	15	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	30	15	20	67,535	34,945	32,590	30	15	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	10	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	10	20	5	10	182,020	92,755	89,270	35	20	15

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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