Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661863More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24662495More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24661989More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	599	...	...	586	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	520	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	416	...	...	206	...	...	976,966	...	...	294	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	358	...	...	202	...	...	910,359	...	...	281	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	18,042.2	...	...	8,720.2	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	16,507.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.03	...	...	0.07	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.03	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	600	360	240	585	290	295	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	520	270	250
0 to 14 years	35	10	20	75	50	30	309,765	158,545	151,225	85	50	35
0 to 4 years	10	0	5	25	15	15	99,195	50,760	48,435	25	15	10
5 to 9 years	15	10	5	20	10	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	25	15	10
10 to 14 years	10	0	5	30	15	10	103,590	53,120	50,470	30	20	15
15 to 64 years	510	305	200	360	170	185	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	375	195	185
15 to 19 years	10	5	5	35	15	15	97,525	49,340	48,180	10	5	5
20 to 24 years	45	20	25	40	20	20	140,025	70,895	69,125	30	15	10
25 to 29 years	95	45	45	35	20	15	165,525	83,630	81,895	50	20	25
30 to 34 years	70	40	25	30	10	15	157,725	78,995	78,730	50	20	25
35 to 39 years	70	35	30	25	15	10	149,265	74,115	75,155	65	30	40
40 to 44 years	35	30	10	35	15	20	142,365	70,920	71,445	55	30	25
45 to 49 years	40	25	20	45	25	15	125,505	62,690	62,815	40	20	15
50 to 54 years	45	30	10	45	15	25	121,710	61,735	59,975	25	10	10
55 to 59 years	65	45	20	45	20	20	125,465	63,810	61,655	25	15	10
60 to 64 years	45	30	10	30	15	15	118,065	57,920	60,140	25	10	15
65 years and over	55	45	15	155	70	80	351,325	151,210	200,120	60	30	30
65 to 69 years	30	25	5	40	15	25	99,325	46,730	52,595	20	15	5
70 to 74 years	15	10	5	35	20	15	86,030	39,185	46,845	20	5	10
75 to 79 years	10	5	0	30	15	15	63,215	27,320	35,895	15	5	10
80 to 84 years	5	5	0	25	15	10	46,875	18,960	27,915	0	0	0
85 years and over	0	0	0	25	15	10	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	0
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	15	10	10	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	5	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5.8	2.8	8.3	12.8	17.2	10.2	15.5	16.1	14.8	16.3	18.5	14.0
15 to 64 years	85.0	84.7	83.3	61.5	58.6	62.7	67.0	68.5	65.6	72.1	72.2	74.0
65 years and over	9.2	12.5	6.3	26.5	24.1	27.1	17.5	15.4	19.6	11.5	11.1	12.0
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	4.3	5.2	3.4	2.8	1.9	3.6	1.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	41.6	44.3	37.6	46.0	44.8	47.0	41.0	39.8	42.1	38.4	38.0	38.8
Median age of the population	38.8	42.4	35.2	47.6	46.8	49.6	39.6	38.4	40.4	38.8	39.2	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	360	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	10	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	160	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	70	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	340	...	...	35	...	...	479,885	...	...	205	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	355	...	...	205	...	...	910,355	...	...	280	...	...
1 person	215	...	...	30	...	...	367,400	...	...	140	...	...
2 persons	100	...	...	60	...	...	271,730	...	...	90	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	45	...	...	118,205	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	40	...	...	98,205	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	25	...	...	54,820	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	565	360	210	585	290	295	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	520	275	245
Average household size	1.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	565	350	220	510	240	265	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	435	225	210
Married or living common-law	165	95	65	320	160	160	822,440	414,330	408,115	210	105	100
Married	40	25	15	290	145	145	577,060	289,455	287,600	55	25	30
Living common-law	120	75	50	35	15	15	245,385	124,870	120,510	160	80	75
Living common law - Never married	120	75	45	25	10	10	207,040	104,785	102,250	140	75	65
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	10	0	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	15	5	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	405	250	155	190	80	105	872,060	410,935	461,125	225	115	105
Not married and not living common law - Never married	345	210	135	135	65	70	627,845	333,150	294,700	170	90	80
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	10	0	5	0	0	34,795	14,820	19,975	0	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	40	25	15	25	10	15	126,605	46,380	80,225	35	20	15
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	25	5	20	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	5	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	95	...	...	180	...	...	495,445	...	...	130	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	75	...	...	251,075	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	10	...	...	50	...	...	107,265	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	40	...	...	93,300	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	0	...	...	20	...	...	43,810	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.3	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.4	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	95	...	...	180	...	...	495,445	...	...	125	...	...
Total couple families	80	...	...	160	...	...	395,645	...	...	105	...	...
Married couples	20	...	...	140	...	...	273,070	...	...	30	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	90	...	...	162,745	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	55	...	...	110,325	...	...	10	...	...
Common-law couples	65	...	...	15	...	...	122,570	...	...	80	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	5	...	...	44,875	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	10	...	...	77,700	...	...	50	...	...
Total one-parent families	15	...	...	25	...	...	99,805	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5	...	...	15	...	...	80,530	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	565	360	205	590	290	295	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	520	275	245
Total - Persons in census families	220	125	95	540	275	265	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	340	185	155
Married spouses or common-law partners	160	95	65	315	155	155	791,280	398,495	392,785	210	105	105
Parents in one-parent families	15	10	10	20	5	20	99,805	19,275	80,525	20	10	15
Children⁶	40	15	30	205	115	90	541,905	284,935	256,965	105	65	40
In a two-parent family	25	10	15	170	95	70	392,250	205,155	187,095	75	45	30
In a one-parent family	20	10	10	35	20	20	149,655	79,785	69,865	30	20	10
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	345	235	110	45	10	30	526,370	262,915	263,450	180	90	95
Living alone	215	155	60	30	10	20	367,395	175,660	191,740	135	65	70
Living with other relatives⁷	25	15	10	15	5	10	49,280	22,020	27,255	5	0	5
Living with non-relatives only	105	60	40	5	0	5	109,690	65,235	44,455	35	20	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	355	...	...	200	...	...	910,360	...	...	280	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	90	...	...	155	...	...	455,970	...	...	120	...	...
Couple-family households	70	...	...	140	...	...	370,250	...	...	100	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	85	...	...	194,165	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	55	...	...	176,085	...	...	60	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	15	...	...	85,720	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	15	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	50	...	...	0	...	...	55,210	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	215	...	...	30	...	...	367,395	...	...	140	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	530	345	185	510	245	270	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	435	220	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	525	340	180	490	235	255	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	430	215	210
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,600	32,400	32,400	38,400	30,600	37,600	39,600	36,000	46,800	47,600	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	525	340	180	490	235	255	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	430	215	210
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	31,600	29,800	29,200	33,600	28,600	34,000	35,200	32,800	39,200	40,000	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	425	275	150	420	205	215	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	395	205	195
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,800	28,000	24,200	30,800	18,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	40,400	44,800	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	380	240	135	325	165	160	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	355	180	170
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000	26,600	24,800	31,200	21,400	32,800	36,000	29,600	44,400	45,600	42,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	425	270	155	425	195	230	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	350	165	180
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,900	10,000	9,800	14,900	15,600	14,500	10,800	9,600	12,000	8,900	7,800	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65	40	25	75	35	40	171,705	84,570	87,145	45	20	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	6,400	5,240	5,920	6,240	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,680	6,000	5,480	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	170	105	70	175	90	85	529,640	276,110	253,530	155	85	70
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,500	9,500	10,000	9,200	10,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,200	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	560	360	200	485	225	260	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	450	215	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	560	360	195	470	215	250	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	430	205	230
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,200	45,000	42,800	43,000	50,400	36,800	53,250	60,050	46,760	56,000	58,800	53,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	560	360	195	470	215	250	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	430	205	230
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	37,600	35,600	36,800	41,600	32,400	42,520	46,280	38,960	46,800	48,000	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	285	155	420	195	220	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	395	180	215
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,400	47,200	42,000	34,800	42,400	28,200	48,960	57,350	40,640	50,400	56,800	45,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	405	260	150	305	145	160	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	345	160	185
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	48,800	43,000	36,800	42,000	31,800	48,760	55,650	41,480	51,200	59,000	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	460	295	165	410	175	230	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	345	150	195
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,680	9,600	9,900	14,050	15,300	13,100	12,040	10,900	13,040	11,960	10,200	13,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65	30	30	80	35	45	171,360	84,435	86,925	45	0	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,200	4,800	6,000	6,000	6,400	5,600	6,840	6,065	7,590	10,800	...	13,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	175	95	80	160	80	75	528,305	276,300	252,005	135	65	65
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,200	9,400	11,100	11,600	10,800	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,400	10,000	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	560	360	200	485	225	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	450	215	235
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	205	155	55	135	60	75	514,340	278,505	235,830	195	95	105
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	54,400	71,000	53,200	62,800	50,000	60,000	63,600	56,000	58,800	69,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,500	61,000	76,000	60,000	74,000	48,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	63,200	75,000	52,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145	85	55	140	70	70	504,455	247,565	256,895	135	60	75
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	14,300	26,200	10,700	11,100	10,300	16,400	17,400	15,500	30,200	30,200	25,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	29,200	27,000	19,600	22,000	17,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	38,000	39,000	37,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	82.0	80.0	71.5	75.0	67.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	83.0	88.0	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.5	76.0	76.0	56.0	56.0	55.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	73.0	78.0	67.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.0	17.2	19.6	28.4	24.8	32.5	18.9	14.4	24.4	17.2	12.8	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	2.0	2.5	2.0	2.8	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.0	x	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.4	6.0	10.0	9.7	9.4	10.0	6.4	5.9	7.0	5.9	6.2	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.7	5.4	9.6	8.8	8.8	9.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	5.2	5.6	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	530	345	185	510	240	265	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	435	225	210
Without total income	10	5	0	20	10	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	10	5	0
With total income	520	340	185	490	235	255	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	425	220	210
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	10	45	15	30	138,250	65,670	72,580	20	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	100	65	35	75	35	40	200,450	93,060	107,390	30	15	15
$20,000 to $29,999	90	60	35	100	40	60	286,825	131,235	155,595	70	40	30
$30,000 to $39,999	70	40	35	70	30	45	215,455	102,705	112,755	60	25	35
$40,000 to $49,999	55	40	15	60	35	30	181,505	86,460	95,040	55	30	25
$50,000 to $59,999	45	30	15	35	20	20	138,185	64,805	73,380	35	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	35	20	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	45	15	25
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	10	25	15	15	74,165	37,625	36,540	25	15	5
$80,000 to $89,999	25	20	5	10	5	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	30	20	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	5	0	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	15	5	10
$100,000 and over	35	25	10	30	20	5	149,555	92,680	56,875	40	20	15
$100,000 to $149,999	30	20	10	20	15	5	90,980	53,275	37,705	30	20	15
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	5	10	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	10	5	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	530	345	185	510	240	265	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	435	225	210
Without after-tax income	10	5	0	20	10	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	10	5	0
With after-tax income	520	340	185	490	235	255	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	425	220	210
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	25	10	40	15	25	144,275	67,955	76,320	20	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	100	65	35	80	40	40	210,975	98,495	112,480	35	20	15
$20,000 to $29,999	120	75	50	130	55	70	334,395	155,845	178,545	80	45	35
$30,000 to $39,999	85	50	35	70	25	45	257,145	124,835	132,315	85	35	55
$40,000 to $49,999	60	40	20	60	30	25	204,980	97,805	107,175	55	30	30
$50,000 to $59,999	40	25	15	55	25	25	139,760	67,315	72,450	50	25	30
$60,000 to $69,999	35	30	10	20	5	10	93,705	46,700	47,005	35	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	20	15	0	15	10	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	20	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	10	5	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	15	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	5	5	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	5	10	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	15	5	5
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	10	10	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	10	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	530	345	185	510	240	265	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	435	225	210
Without employment income	155	110	45	185	80	110	495,060	212,405	282,660	80	40	40
With employment income	380	240	140	325	165	160	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	355	185	175
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	30	15	65	30	40	167,560	82,405	85,155	40	20	15
$5,000 to $9,999	30	15	15	35	15	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	50	25	20	50	30	20	151,350	72,815	78,530	35	20	15
$20,000 to $29,999	50	30	25	35	10	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	30	10	20
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	25	15	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	40	15	20
$40,000 to $49,999	35	25	10	35	25	20	104,250	51,950	52,300	25	15	15
$50,000 to $59,999	30	20	10	20	10	10	84,485	42,940	41,540	35	10	25
$60,000 to $69,999	25	20	10	15	10	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	30	20	15
$70,000 to $79,999	20	15	10	15	10	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	25	20	10
$80,000 to $89,999	15	15	0	10	0	0	46,000	24,150	21,850	15	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	5	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	10	5	10
$100,000 and over	35	25	10	20	20	0	115,575	74,545	41,030	35	20	15
$100,000 to $124,999	25	20	5	15	10	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	20	15	10
$125,000 and over	10	10	5	10	10	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	15	10	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	530	345	185	510	245	270	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	435	220	215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	510	335	175	480	230	250	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	420	210	205
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	28,400	27,000	30,200	32,800	28,400	34,000	36,400	31,800	43,600	43,600	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	510	335	175	480	230	250	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	420	210	205
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,400	25,400	25,800	27,800	29,000	26,200	31,000	32,800	29,400	37,600	38,000	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	415	265	150	420	205	220	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	395	205	195
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	28,400	26,600	33,600	21,600	32,000	36,000	28,200	40,400	42,400	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	365	225	135	335	175	165	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	355	180	170
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,000	27,000	26,800	33,200	22,400	33,600	36,800	30,400	42,400	42,000	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	410	265	145	400	185	215	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	320	155	170
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,960	2,320	1,680	7,700	4,160	11,100	4,440	2,760	7,300	2,820	2,400	4,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	25	5	35	15	20	114,940	56,080	58,855	35	20	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880	6,040	x	5,200	x	8,100	5,120	4,600	5,760	5,520	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	560	360	200	485	225	260	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	450	215	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	555	360	190	460	205	255	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	435	205	230
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,000	38,800	39,200	41,000	50,800	33,200	50,000	57,050	43,280	50,600	54,800	47,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	555	360	190	460	205	255	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	435	205	230
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,000	32,600	33,600	34,600	41,600	29,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	42,400	44,000	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	475	300	180	420	190	230	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	405	190	215
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	40,400	39,200	36,800	46,800	28,400	49,080	57,750	40,560	48,000	54,400	42,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	445	270	170	330	155	170	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	355	155	195
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,800	38,400	36,400	37,600	44,000	31,800	48,720	55,750	41,240	47,600	55,000	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	445	280	165	390	180	215	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	355	155	200
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,750	4,000	9,000	8,400	9,500	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,160	5,400	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	25	0	45	25	20	114,595	55,675	58,915	45	0	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	9,000	...	6,400	4,000	10,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	5,400	...	6,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	560	360	200	485	225	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	450	215	235
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	200	155	45	135	60	75	507,645	274,575	233,070	195	90	105
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	48,000	54,800	55,600	61,200	47,200	54,400	58,400	50,400	51,600	56,400	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,200	50,000	64,000	56,000	72,000	44,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	55,600	64,000	48,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145	85	60	140	70	65	462,020	227,495	234,530	130	65	70
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	16,600	38,800	21,600	21,800	14,800	21,800	23,200	20,400	37,200	37,600	34,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,600	24,800	36,000	26,400	31,000	21,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	41,000	46,000	37,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.0	86.0	92.0	81.0	86.0	76.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	88.0	92.0	84.0
Employment income (%)	77.0	74.0	82.0	65.5	66.0	65.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	76.5	78.0	75.0
Government transfers (%)	11.7	13.4	8.8	18.6	14.4	24.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	11.6	7.6	15.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.6	x	1.5	1.0	2.0	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.1	x	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	355	...	...	205	...	...	910,355	...	...	280	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	82,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	215	...	...	30	...	...	367,395	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	36,000	...	...	38,000	...	...	44,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	33,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	140	...	...	175	...	...	542,960	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	90,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	365	...	...	210	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,200	...	...	97,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	210	...	...	50	...	...	367,255	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	44,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	46,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	38,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	160	...	...	160	...	...	543,100	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	360	...	...	205	...	...	910,355	...	...	280	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	57,720	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	41,545	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	42,630	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	40,980	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40	...	...	15	...	...	75,485	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	67,695	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	60,495	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	54,055	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	45,830	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	85	...	...	270,265	...	...	80	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	25	...	...	85,635	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	56,205	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	62,095	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	360	...	...	205	...	...	910,355	...	...	280	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	27,485	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	30	...	...	5	...	...	63,030	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	48,815	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	51,055	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	50,890	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	47,120	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	10	...	...	85,490	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	15	...	...	75,625	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	65,530	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	54,850	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	35	...	...	75	...	...	197,490	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	78,870	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	45,905	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	15	...	...	72,715	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	100	...	...	170	...	...	501,830	...	...	130	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	90,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.4	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	55	...	...	179,195	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	72,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	100	...	...	208,260	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	120,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	106,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	15	...	...	95,875	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	65,500	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	59,600	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	315	215	100	30	10	20	477,085	240,895	236,195	170	85	90
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	32,400	30,600	32,800	x	31,000	34,400	34,800	34,000	41,200	40,400	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,800	28,800	29,200	32,000	x	29,400	31,200	31,200	31,200	36,000	35,600	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	95	...	...	160	...	...	501,905	...	...	130	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	60	...	...	179,455	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	85	...	...	208,375	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	132,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	112,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	0	...	...	95,455	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	x	...	...	67,100	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	365	255	110	50	0	40	476,520	240,280	236,245	185	80	105
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,600	44,400	39,000	44,000	x	44,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	46,400	49,000	44,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,800	36,800	33,000	38,000	x	38,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	39,200	42,000	37,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	565	355	205	585	290	295	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	520	270	250
0 to 17 years	40	15	25	95	55	35	365,020	186,710	178,315	90	55	40
0 to 5 years	10	0	10	30	15	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	470	305	165	340	160	175	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	370	185	185
65 years and over	55	45	20	155	75	80	317,425	140,270	177,155	60	30	30
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	120	90	35	40	15	20	321,885	154,370	167,510	75	40	35
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	10	5	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5	5	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	95	70	25	10	0	5	197,020	99,310	97,710	55	30	20
65 years and over	25	15	5	20	10	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	5	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	22.0	24.4	17.0	6.8	6.0	7.6	16.4	16.0	16.9	14.4	14.8	14.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	10.0	10.0	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	8.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	...	x	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	20.4	23.0	16.0	3.6	x	5.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	14.8	18.0	12.0
65 years and over (%)	40.0	40.0	50.0	12.0	10.0	12.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	24.0	x	36.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	565	360	205	590	290	295	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	520	275	245
0 to 17 years	35	10	20	90	55	40	365,025	186,705	178,315	90	55	35
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	30	15	15	120,610	61,615	58,995	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	470	300	170	335	165	175	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	370	190	180
65 years and over	60	40	15	155	70	80	317,425	140,265	177,155	55	25	30
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	120	80	40	20	5	10	213,720	108,905	104,815	50	25	25
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	5	0	5
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	105	70	35	5	5	5	153,385	81,765	71,620	40	25	20
65 years and over	15	10	5	5	0	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	21.2	22.8	18.0	2.8	2.5	3.2	10.9	11.3	10.6	10.0	10.0	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	...	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	21.6	23.0	19.0	2.5	x	3.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	11.6	13.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	28.0	28.0	25.0	5.0	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	565	355	210	585	290	295	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	520	270	245
In bottom half of the distribution	410	260	150	290	135	155	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	285	140	145
In bottom decile	150	100	45	30	15	15	298,540	147,890	150,655	70	30	35
In second decile	65	35	25	45	15	30	244,435	115,985	128,450	60	35	25
In third decile	90	55	30	100	55	45	240,895	116,550	124,345	55	25	25
In fourth decile	50	30	25	60	25	35	218,125	105,885	112,240	65	35	30
In fifth decile	60	35	25	55	30	30	194,765	95,185	99,580	35	15	25
In top half of the distribution	150	100	55	295	155	140	762,590	384,140	378,450	240	130	110
In sixth decile	35	20	20	100	50	50	172,200	85,100	87,095	50	35	20
In seventh decile	40	25	15	65	35	30	156,540	78,290	78,250	55	30	25
In eighth decile	40	25	15	85	45	35	144,120	72,600	71,525	55	30	25
In ninth decile	30	25	10	30	15	15	134,265	68,285	65,980	55	30	25
In top decile	5	5	0	20	10	10	155,465	79,870	75,595	20	5	15
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	565	...	...	590	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	520	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	...	...	0.255	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.476	...	...	0.426	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.218	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	565	360	205	590	290	295	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	520	275	245
English only	40	20	20	80	40	45	262,290	133,690	128,600	10	5	5
French only	140	85	55	80	40	40	486,845	221,005	265,840	175	90	80
English and French	380	255	125	335	175	165	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	330	175	160
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	90	40	55	45,860	18,340	27,520	0	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	565	360	205	590	290	295	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	520	275	245
English	95	55	45	165	90	80	605,220	303,380	301,835	35	15	15
French	445	290	160	185	90	95	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	475	245	230
English and French	20	15	5	140	75	65	173,785	88,480	85,300	10	5	0
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	95	40	50	44,430	17,640	26,790	0	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	565	360	205	590	290	295	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	520	275	245
Single responses	540	340	200	550	270	280	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	510	265	245
Official languages	455	295	155	155	75	80	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	465	240	220
English	50	30	25	50	30	25	322,315	162,085	160,230	20	15	5
French	400	265	135	100	50	50	870,975	428,435	442,540	440	225	215
Non-official languages	90	50	40	400	195	200	643,275	311,525	331,750	50	25	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	50	40	400	195	200	642,820	311,370	331,445	50	25	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	45	25	20	129,195	68,395	60,805	5	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	45	20	20	112,200	59,320	52,880	5	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	40	20	20	107,605	56,960	50,645	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	15	5	10	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	15	5	10	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	5	5	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	5	5	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	5	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	25	25	125	65	60	329,415	158,980	170,435	35	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	55	30	25	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	15	5	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	15	5	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	15	5	5	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	5	5	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	5	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	5	0	5	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25	10	10	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	15	10	5	68,600	36,145	32,455	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	15	10	5	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	5	10	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	15	5	10	183,755	87,295	96,460	25	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	5	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	0	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	5	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15	5	5	0	85,395	41,150	44,250	15	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	0	190	90	100	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5	0	0	190	90	100	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30	15	15	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	160	80	85	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	5	35	20	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	15	5	5
English and French	10	10	0	10	5	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	10	5	5	32,265	15,955	16,310	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	5	5	0	47,185	23,615	23,570	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	565	360	205	590	290	295	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	520	275	245
English	55	35	20	45	25	25	340,470	170,050	170,425	15	15	5
French	350	225	125	90	45	40	779,125	383,000	396,125	425	220	205
Non-official language	15	5	10	185	95	95	204,395	96,705	107,690	10	10	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	5	10	185	95	95	204,315	96,670	107,645	10	10	5
English and French	80	60	20	25	10	15	173,135	89,205	83,935	45	25	15
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	70	35	40	135,390	66,995	68,400	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	45	20	30	180,900	85,935	94,965	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	105	55	50	154,470	76,450	78,020	10	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	15	5	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	565	360	205	590	290	295	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	520	275	245
Single responses	520	330	190	510	255	255	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	510	260	245
Official languages	490	315	170	220	110	110	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	490	255	235
English	85	55	35	85	45	45	479,850	239,270	240,580	30	15	15
French	400	265	140	130	65	65	956,130	471,155	484,975	460	240	225
Non-official languages	30	20	15	295	140	150	370,290	177,955	192,335	15	10	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	20	15	295	140	150	370,125	177,895	192,235	15	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	30	20	15	66,095	34,080	32,015	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	30	20	15	58,585	30,100	28,490	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	30	15	15	56,520	29,075	27,445	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	5	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	15	5	90	45	45	188,550	90,370	98,185	20	5	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	45	25	20	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	5	5	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	15	5	5	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	15	5	10	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	5	10	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	10	5	5	95,835	44,515	51,315	15	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	10	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	5	5	5	5	54,335	26,035	28,300	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	155	70	85	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	5	5	5	150	70	85	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	25	10	15	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	125	55	70	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	25	20	75	35	40	173,745	85,640	88,110	10	10	5
English and French	15	15	5	15	10	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	20	15	10	39,365	19,140	20,225	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	15	5	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	5	10	21,910	10,810	11,100	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	565	360	205	585	290	295	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	520	275	245
None	450	280	165	365	190	180	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	465	245	220
English	45	40	10	40	15	25	131,630	67,290	64,340	30	15	10
French	30	20	10	35	20	15	126,780	62,180	64,600	15	5	10
Non-official language	20	10	10	60	25	35	144,335	69,210	75,130	0	5	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	60	25	35	144,155	69,135	75,015	0	5	0
English and French	0	5	0	45	20	20	34,410	17,320	17,090	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	15	10	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	10	5	0	33,620	16,170	17,450	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	5	5	5	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	590	360	225	540	255	285	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	590	295	295
Official languages	580	360	220	465	225	240	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	590	295	295
English	475	305	165	400	200	210	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	355	175	180
French	535	330	200	380	185	195	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	580	285	295
Non-official languages	215	140	75	405	190	210	971,455	471,755	499,700	110	45	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	215	140	75	405	190	210	970,710	471,495	499,220	110	45	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	110	55	50	217,295	113,605	103,690	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	15	20	110	55	50	205,120	107,210	97,905	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	35	15	20	95	50	45	188,115	98,545	89,565	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	10	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	15	0	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	105	45	180	80	100	514,485	250,190	264,295	75	20	55
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	75	35	40	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	15	0	30	10	20	50,700	23,530	27,165	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	15	0	30	10	20	50,190	23,320	26,870	10	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	30	10	20	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	15	15	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	20	10	10	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	10	10	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	35	15	20	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	30	15	10	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	25	10	10	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	80	40	30	0	25	324,695	154,360	170,340	60	10	45
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	0	0	0	107,285	51,300	55,985	10	0	10
Portuguese	30	15	15	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	95	65	25	25	0	20	193,835	91,345	102,490	45	10	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	140	65	75	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	140	65	75	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	60	25	35	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	105	55	55	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	590	365	225	540	255	285	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	585	295	295
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	20	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	10	0	10
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	20	15	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian)	15	15	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	10	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	565	345	225	540	255	285	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	575	290	285
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	590	365	225	540	255	285	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	585	295	295
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15	15	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	575	345	225	540	255	285	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	580	295	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	365	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
Owner	55	...	...	180	...	...	360,125	...	...	105	...	...
Renter	310	...	...	25	...	...	550,240	...	...	190	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	365	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
Condominium	95	...	...	0	...	...	192,985	...	...	35	...	...
Not condominium	270	...	...	205	...	...	717,375	...	...	255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	365	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	165	...	...	15	...	...	267,715	...	...	105	...	...
2 bedrooms	125	...	...	0	...	...	303,875	...	...	125	...	...
3 bedrooms	45	...	...	110	...	...	220,945	...	...	40	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	80	...	...	98,090	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	365	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	285	...	...	30	...	...	501,570	...	...	165	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	30	...	...	166,230	...	...	80	...	...
6 rooms	20	...	...	70	...	...	78,495	...	...	15	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...	30	...	...	58,850	...	...	15	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	45	...	...	105,210	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.6	...	...	6.2	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	365	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
One person or fewer per room	365	...	...	205	...	...	881,730	...	...	285	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	365	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
Suitable	355	...	...	200	...	...	834,885	...	...	285	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	10	...	...	75,475	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	365	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
1960 or before	200	...	...	0	...	...	325,005	...	...	225	...	...
1961 to 1980	70	...	...	195	...	...	282,605	...	...	35	...	...
1981 to 1990	35	...	...	10	...	...	101,185	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	35	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	15	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	365	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	290	...	...	205	...	...	833,540	...	...	245	...	...
Major repairs needed	75	...	...	0	...	...	76,815	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	365	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
One-maintainer household	245	...	...	95	...	...	543,605	...	...	185	...	...
Two-maintainer household	85	...	...	100	...	...	333,140	...	...	105	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	35	...	...	15	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	365	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	105	...	...	15	...	...	162,375	...	...	65	...	...
35 to 44 years	65	...	...	25	...	...	171,535	...	...	115	...	...
45 to 54 years	50	...	...	30	...	...	155,520	...	...	40	...	...
55 to 64 years	80	...	...	45	...	...	156,865	...	...	20	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	45	...	...	122,825	...	...	35	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	30	...	...	70,345	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	15	...	...	29,930	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	365	...	...	205	...	...	902,485	...	...	280	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	285	...	...	190	...	...	686,075	...	...	220	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80	...	...	15	...	...	216,410	...	...	65	...	...
30% to less than 100%	75	...	...	15	...	...	189,795	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	365	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150	...	...	25	...	...	330,635	...	...	90	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	60	...	...	15	...	...	186,350	...	...	45	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	10	...	...	56,480	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	55	...	...	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	20	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	220	...	...	180	...	...	579,720	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	365	...	...	210	...	...	875,865	...	...	275	...	...
In core need	35	...	...	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	20	...	...
Not in core need	325	...	...	200	...	...	787,925	...	...	255	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	185	...	...	360,120	...	...	105	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	72.7	...	...	40.5	...	...	60.0	...	...	76.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	25.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,470	...	...	795	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,480	...	...	1,140	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,380	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	448,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	480,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	480,000	...	...	456,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	520,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	310	...	...	25	...	...	550,235	...	...	185	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	28.4	...	...	24.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.8	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	11.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	x	...	...	890	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	1,100	...	...	987	...	...	900	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	585	365	225	535	250	285	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	585	290	295
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	10	0	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	25	15	15	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	50	25	20
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	25	15	15	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	50	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	15	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	40	25	20
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	550	345	210	535	250	285	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	530	270	265
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	585	360	225	535	250	285	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	585	290	295
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	505	325	180	490	230	260	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	540	265	275
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30	0	30	70	40	25	322,965	164,980	157,985	150	85	60
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	475	325	150	420	195	230	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	390	175	210
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	85	35	50	50	20	30	313,410	160,530	152,885	45	35	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	585	360	225	535	250	285	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	585	290	295
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	365	240	125	225	105	120	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	500	240	260
Immigrants⁸¹	190	110	80	310	150	165	652,730	313,955	338,770	80	50	30
Before 1980	30	20	10	90	50	40	108,265	50,530	57,735	10	0	10
1980 to 1990	15	10	0	55	25	30	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	20	15	10	95	40	55	106,810	50,520	56,290	25	20	0
2001 to 2010	65	25	35	50	25	30	154,780	74,520	80,255	0	0	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	60	40	20	15	0	10	213,175	104,225	108,950	40	20	15
2011 to 2015	30	25	0	0	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	15	10	0
2016 to 2021	30	10	15	15	0	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	25	10	15
Non-permanent residents⁸³	35	15	20	0	0	0	138,240	75,380	62,860	10	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	190	110	75	310	150	160	652,725	313,955	338,770	80	50	35
Under 5 years	20	15	0	30	15	20	52,990	26,810	26,180	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	35	20	15	25	15	15	103,285	51,965	51,320	25	20	0
15 to 24 years	35	20	20	70	35	35	118,475	53,035	65,440	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	80	40	35	160	70	85	326,320	158,620	167,700	50	30	15
45 years and over	15	15	0	25	15	10	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	190	110	75	310	150	160	652,725	313,955	338,770	80	50	35
Americas	55	45	10	10	0	0	137,955	63,465	74,485	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	10	10	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	15	10	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	70	30	45	70	25	40	158,795	76,610	82,190	50	25	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	40	10	30	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	40	15	20
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	30	15	20	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	20	10	10	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	30	10	15	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	35	15	20	45	20	25	152,205	77,515	74,690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	15	0	10	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	30	10	15	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	25	15	10	185	100	90	202,715	95,775	106,935	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	30	15	20	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	85	40	40	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	10	10	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	15	10	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	20	15	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	25	10	15	15	0	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	25	15	10
Americas	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	20	0	15	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	20	10	10
France	20	0	15	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	15	0	15	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	590	365	225	540	255	285	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	590	295	295
First generation¹⁰⁰	240	130	105	310	145	165	813,905	400,325	413,580	85	55	35
Second generation¹⁰¹	65	35	30	140	70	65	424,225	212,755	211,475	70	35	35
Third generation or more¹⁰²	285	200	90	90	35	55	721,230	352,590	368,630	430	205	225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	160	85	70	220	95	125	544,455	263,425	281,040	75	50	25
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	120	60	60	115	45	65	303,105	155,090	148,020	50	30	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	65	30	30	55	25	30	151,015	87,200	63,815	20	10	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	50	20	30	55	25	35	152,090	67,890	84,205	20	20	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	25	15	10	80	35	45	146,645	59,645	87,000	0	0	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	10	0	15	10	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	25	20	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	160	85	70	220	95	125	544,455	263,425	281,040	75	50	25
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	15	0	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	15	15	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	40	30	15	15	10	10	56,685	26,490	30,195	30	15	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	10	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	10	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	85	45	40	205	90	110	387,815	184,015	203,795	25	20	0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	590	365	225	540	255	285	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	590	295	295
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	155	90	65	310	160	150	737,510	363,785	373,725	60	45	20
South Asian	0	0	0	30	10	15	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	145	75	70	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	35	20	15	15	15	0	208,805	101,125	107,680	20	15	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	35	15	20	75	45	35	151,890	79,375	72,515	0	0	0
Latin American	35	25	10	0	0	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	20	15	0	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	20	15	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	435	270	165	225	95	130	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	525	250	275
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	585	360	225	540	250	285	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	590	295	295
Canadian	100	90	10	15	10	10	241,015	115,880	125,135	145	70	75
English	15	15	0	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	15	0	15
Irish	30	30	0	25	15	10	102,325	48,885	53,440	65	25	35
Scottish	10	0	0	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	40	25	15
French, n.o.s.¹²²	145	90	60	60	25	35	336,880	169,710	167,170	255	145	110
German	40	30	10	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	15	0	10	125	65	60	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	20	10	10	156,025	76,485	79,535	55	25	25
Indian (India)	10	10	0	20	15	10	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	75	35	45	0	0	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	55	40	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	25	20	0	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	35	15	20
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10	0	10	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	20	10	10	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	30	0	25
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	50	20	30	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	10	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	15	10	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	25	20	10	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	15	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	10	10	0	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	20	10	10	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	45	20	30	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	25	10	15	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	15	10	10	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	40	20	15	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	10	0	10
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	75	35	40	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	15	15	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	30	10	20	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	590	365	225	540	255	285	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	585	295	295
Buddhist	0	0	0	25	10	15	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	180	115	55	230	95	135	969,945	451,410	518,540	165	85	75
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15	10	0	30	15	15	116,635	55,545	61,090	10	0	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	160	105	55	70	20	50	675,695	314,690	361,010	145	80	65
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	115	55	65	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	20	15	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	35	15	20	75	35	40	233,440	121,145	112,290	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	355	205	145	175	90	85	590,140	310,985	279,165	400	190	210
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	585	360	225	535	250	280	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	585	290	295
Non-movers	430	260	165	535	250	280	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	510	260	250
Movers	160	100	60	0	0	0	255,365	129,500	125,865	80	35	45
Non-migrants	110	65	45	0	0	0	186,805	94,745	92,055	60	25	40
Migrants	45	35	15	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	15	10	10
Internal migrants	45	35	15	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	40	20	15	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	590	365	225	510	240	265	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	550	275	275
Non-movers	280	160	120	415	190	225	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	255	135	125
Movers	310	205	110	90	50	45	821,475	413,250	408,230	295	140	155
Non-migrants	155	100	60	80	40	35	433,700	216,030	217,670	190	95	95
Migrants	155	105	50	15	10	0	387,770	197,215	190,560	100	40	60
Internal migrants	110	85	30	15	10	0	190,035	93,955	96,075	75	30	45
Intraprovincial migrants	85	55	30	0	0	0	159,710	78,770	80,940	75	30	45
Interprovincial migrants	30	30	0	10	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	40	20	15	0	0	0	197,735	103,260	94,485	25	15	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	560	360	200	485	225	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	450	215	235
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	45	15	135	65	70	274,820	136,500	138,320	40	30	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	500	320	185	350	155	190	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	410	180	225
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	435	285	150	280	130	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	175	190
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	35	15	65	30	25	121,295	65,950	55,345	25	15	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	395	255	135	225	95	125	975,700	481,690	494,005	340	160	180
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	560	360	195	485	225	265	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	445	215	235
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	40	15	130	60	70	247,460	120,840	126,625	40	35	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	55	45	65	25	40	319,755	162,520	157,240	50	25	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	405	270	135	285	135	150	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	360	155	205
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	180	130	50	115	50	65	473,060	232,855	240,210	150	75	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	25	10	15	10	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	35	25	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	25	10	10	10	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	35	20	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	110	80	30	95	35	55	260,845	122,345	138,495	90	35	55
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	20	15	10	0	0	66,045	28,760	37,285	20	15	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	220	135	85	170	85	90	609,855	291,355	318,505	210	80	135
Bachelor's degree	135	100	35	125	60	65	344,605	160,320	184,285	130	50	80
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	10	25	15	10	58,945	27,280	31,665	15	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	60	35	30	10	10	0	159,510	78,325	81,190	55	20	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	10	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	15	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	435	290	150	285	130	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	170	190
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	30	10	55	30	30	102,815	55,805	47,015	20	15	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	40	25	15	30	10	20	162,205	88,420	73,785	30	25	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	350	230	120	195	85	110	831,975	403,420	428,555	310	135	175
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145	110	40	55	25	35	333,160	167,260	165,895	125	60	60
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	25	10	0	0	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	25	20	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	25	10	0	0	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	20	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	90	60	25	50	20	30	174,185	84,745	89,445	80	30	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	20	10	0	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	15	15	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	200	125	80	135	60	75	498,815	236,155	262,665	190	70	115
Bachelor's degree	120	90	35	105	45	55	276,640	128,890	147,745	110	45	70
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	15	10	10	48,390	21,995	26,395	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	60	35	30	10	0	0	137,150	66,720	70,430	50	15	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	10	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	560	365	195	485	220	265	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	450	210	235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	155	95	60	200	85	110	567,220	283,355	283,860	85	60	30
Education	10	0	0	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	10	10
13. Education	10	0	0	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	10	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55	45	15	15	0	10	69,210	32,705	36,505	50	25	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	40	30	15	15	0	10	61,135	27,085	34,045	40	15	20
Humanities	50	40	10	15	0	0	78,920	30,815	48,110	30	0	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	25	0	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	75	35	40	60	25	30	157,220	58,185	99,040	75	20	60
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	40	10	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	20	10	15	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	15	0	15
45. Social sciences	30	20	10	40	25	15	59,300	29,185	30,110	20	0	10
Business, management and public administration	55	35	20	70	25	45	248,895	110,950	137,945	75	35	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	20	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	30	20	70	25	45	237,125	108,040	129,090	55	20	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	20	0	10	0	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	0	0	0	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	0	0	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	10	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	60	45	15	40	35	10	173,380	143,615	29,765	60	50	10
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	15	0	30	25	10	78,800	61,515	17,290	20	10	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15	10	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	10	15	50	20	30	122,295	30,795	91,495	25	10	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	10	15	40	15	30	109,185	24,140	85,045	25	10	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	10	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	440	285	150	285	130	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	175	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	85	60	30	90	40	50	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	35	10
Education	15	0	0	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	10	10
13. Education	15	0	0	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	10	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	30	15	0	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	45	20	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	40	25	15	0	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	35	20	20
Humanities	40	30	10	10	10	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	15	0	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	15	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	70	35	30	50	20	30	121,985	44,105	77,880	65	15	50
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	35	10	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	25	10	15	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	20	20	0	35	20	15	44,580	21,945	22,635	15	0	10
Business, management and public administration	50	30	20	50	20	35	199,525	87,920	111,600	75	35	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	20	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	25	20	50	20	35	190,410	85,600	104,810	60	20	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	20	0	10	10	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	0	0	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	0	0	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	60	40	15	25	20	10	137,395	112,025	25,370	45	35	10
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	10	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	10	0	0
14. Engineering	25	15	0	25	20	10	66,210	51,090	15,115	20	10	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	15	10	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	15	30	10	20	92,595	23,265	69,330	15	0	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	10	30	10	20	82,410	18,370	64,045	15	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	440	285	150	285	130	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	360	175	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	85	60	30	90	40	50	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	35	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	350	225	125	195	80	110	831,975	403,415	428,560	310	135	175
Location of study inside Canada	275	190	85	120	60	70	598,455	286,340	312,115	270	110	150
Same as province or territory of residence	250	165	80	120	60	70	566,540	270,160	296,380	260	110	150
Different than province or territory of residence	25	20	0	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	80	35	40	75	30	45	233,520	117,075	116,445	45	20	25
Americas	30	25	15	0	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	20	10	15	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	45	15	25	25	15	10	74,705	39,515	35,190	40	15	25
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	40	0	25	15	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	35	15	25
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10	0	10	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15	10	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	15	10	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	25	0	20	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	560	360	195	485	225	265	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	445	215	235
In the labour force	370	255	110	260	120	140	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	350	175	175
Employed	320	215	105	245	110	135	971,245	502,885	468,360	335	170	165
Unemployed	55	40	10	15	10	0	110,395	58,460	51,935	15	0	15
Not in the labour force	190	105	85	225	100	120	568,495	246,215	322,280	105	40	65
Participation rate	66.1	70.8	56.4	53.6	53.3	52.8	65.5	69.5	61.8	78.7	81.4	74.5
Employment rate	57.1	59.7	53.8	50.5	48.9	50.9	58.9	62.3	55.6	75.3	79.1	70.2
Unemployment rate	14.9	15.7	9.1	5.8	8.3	0.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	4.3	0.0	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	560	365	195	485	225	265	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	450	210	235
Did not work¹⁸⁶	195	115	85	205	90	120	582,470	253,075	329,400	105	50	60
Worked	365	245	115	280	135	140	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	340	165	180
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	210	160	50	135	55	75	529,400	287,950	241,450	195	95	100
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	150	90	65	145	70	70	538,265	266,540	271,725	145	70	70
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.1	42.8	34.4	37.6	36.8	38.0	39.7	40.2	39.3	43.4	43.4	43.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	370	260	115	265	120	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	350	175	175
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	370	250	115	265	120	140	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	350	175	175
Employee	325	220	100	245	105	140	907,745	457,830	449,915	280	145	130
Permanent position	245	170	70	190	85	105	741,830	380,445	361,385	220	110	115
Temporary position	75	45	30	55	15	35	165,915	77,385	88,530	60	40	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	40	20	15	20	0	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	20	0	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	40	25	15	35	10	30	96,225	46,100	50,120	40	35	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	45	30	10	20	20	0	142,380	88,145	54,230	70	30	40
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	370	260	115	265	120	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	350	175	175
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	370	250	115	265	120	140	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	350	175	175
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	75	50	25	90	20	70	207,660	79,975	127,685	65	25	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	50	45	10	25	20	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	55	35	20
3 Health occupations	10	10	0	20	10	10	85,545	21,700	63,845	15	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	60	25	30	30	15	15	140,500	46,385	94,115	70	35	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	40	20	20	0	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	65	25	45
6 Sales and service occupations	115	100	20	60	35	30	263,055	135,300	127,750	50	30	20
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	0	0	0	15	15	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	20	20	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	10	0	10	42,380	28,195	14,185	10	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	370	260	115	265	120	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	350	175	175
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	370	250	115	265	120	140	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	350	175	175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	10	10	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	10	10	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	10	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	10	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	25	25	0
44-45 Retail trade	25	20	0	25	10	15	111,555	56,180	55,375	25	10	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	20	0	10	10	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	65	40	20	0	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	30	15	10
52 Finance and insurance	15	10	0	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	10	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	10	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	70	60	15	35	20	20	130,405	75,750	54,655	85	25	60
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	0	0	0
61 Educational services	35	15	15	30	10	20	95,290	34,510	60,780	35	15	20
62 Health care and social assistance	40	15	30	50	10	35	142,545	36,095	106,450	45	10	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	15	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	25	15	10
72 Accommodation and food services	25	20	0	30	15	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	10	10	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	10	0	10
91 Public administration	0	0	0	15	0	10	42,120	20,455	21,665	10	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	390	260	125	290	140	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	370	185	185
English	50	50	0	50	25	25	201,310	110,165	91,150	35	15	20
French	145	90	55	50	25	25	416,430	206,170	210,265	190	95	100
Non-official language	0	0	0	35	20	15	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	35	20	15	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	185	120	60	135	60	75	473,485	249,700	223,785	140	70	65
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	390	260	125	290	140	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	370	185	185
Single responses	335	230	105	255	120	140	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	335	165	165
Official languages	335	230	105	220	95	120	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	335	165	165
English	110	85	25	105	45	55	361,715	194,885	166,835	50	30	20
French	230	140	85	115	55	65	645,885	327,180	318,705	280	135	145
Non-official languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	35	20	15	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	30	20	40	20	20	126,180	65,940	60,240	35	20	20
English and French	50	30	20	35	20	15	116,535	60,925	55,605	35	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	390	260	125	290	140	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	370	185	185
None	245	165	80	175	90	85	743,180	381,875	361,305	260	125	130
English	75	50	25	55	25	30	219,885	116,455	103,430	90	45	45
French	60	40	20	40	20	20	149,470	78,495	70,975	15	10	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	10	0	10	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	320	215	105	245	115	135	971,245	502,885	468,360	335	170	165
Worked at home	125	90	30	45	30	15	298,820	151,335	147,485	130	45	85
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	30	15	15	30	20	10	89,120	62,795	26,325	25	25	0
Usual place of work	165	105	60	170	65	105	580,035	286,695	293,340	180	95	75
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	165	105	60	170	65	105	580,035	286,695	293,340	175	95	80
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	155	95	60	130	50	85	427,475	202,010	225,465	155	85	70
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	10	0	15	0	15	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	25	15	10	58,865	35,690	23,175	15	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	195	125	75	200	80	115	669,150	349,485	319,665	200	125	80
Car, truck or van	45	25	15	150	70	85	395,615	229,315	166,300	110	80	30
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35	25	10	145	70	75	365,770	218,475	147,295	105	75	30
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	70	45	25	35	0	25	177,860	74,605	103,260	40	15	20
Walked	50	30	15	0	0	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	35	15	20
Bicycle	25	10	15	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	20	10	10
Other method	0	0	0	15	0	10	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	195	125	75	200	80	115	669,150	349,485	319,665	200	125	80
Less than 15 minutes	25	15	10	40	20	20	125,240	61,185	64,055	25	20	0
15 to 29 minutes	75	55	20	45	15	30	241,005	129,590	111,420	110	60	40
30 to 44 minutes	65	35	25	85	40	40	176,925	96,710	80,215	45	25	20
45 to 59 minutes	15	10	0	25	0	15	67,635	33,110	34,530	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	15	10	10	10	0	10	58,350	28,905	29,445	15	15	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	195	125	75	200	80	115	669,150	349,485	319,665	200	125	80
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	10	10	40	20	20	95,270	56,280	38,990	35	15	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35	30	0	80	25	50	166,695	79,410	87,280	35	25	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	85	50	35	20	0	15	149,185	68,865	80,320	80	55	30
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25	10	10	30	10	20	106,855	50,615	56,240	30	20	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25	15	10	35	20	15	112,350	65,830	46,520	10	0	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	35	15	25	100	55	40	371,310	189,920	181,390	95	55	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	5	0	25	20	10	109,065	56,315	52,750	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	10	20	70	40	30	262,245	133,605	128,640	80	50	30
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	30	10	15	70	45	25	264,905	135,505	129,395	65	45	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	20	10	10	82,880	42,755	40,130	10	0	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	20	15	5	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	5	5	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	10	15	50	30	20	182,020	92,755	89,270	55	40	15

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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