Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661808More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661827More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662091More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	424	...	...	908	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	482	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	261	...	...	578	...	...	976,966	...	...	271	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	240	...	...	546	...	...	910,359	...	...	254	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17,448.6	...	...	6,021.2	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	4,958.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.02	...	...	0.15	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.10	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	425	215	210	905	440	465	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	480	235	250
0 to 14 years	55	25	30	100	50	50	309,765	158,545	151,225	75	30	40
0 to 4 years	30	10	20	50	25	20	99,195	50,760	48,435	25	10	20
5 to 9 years	20	10	5	30	15	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	30	15	15
10 to 14 years	10	5	5	25	10	10	103,590	53,120	50,470	20	5	10
15 to 64 years	345	175	170	700	345	355	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	360	185	175
15 to 19 years	10	5	5	25	15	10	97,525	49,340	48,180	20	10	15
20 to 24 years	40	20	20	35	20	20	140,025	70,895	69,125	20	10	10
25 to 29 years	65	35	35	90	35	55	165,525	83,630	81,895	45	25	25
30 to 34 years	50	25	20	115	55	60	157,725	78,995	78,730	45	25	20
35 to 39 years	65	35	30	100	60	40	149,265	74,115	75,155	45	25	20
40 to 44 years	35	15	15	90	50	45	142,365	70,920	71,445	60	30	30
45 to 49 years	25	10	10	85	50	40	125,505	62,690	62,815	35	25	15
50 to 54 years	20	15	5	45	20	30	121,710	61,735	59,975	20	15	5
55 to 59 years	15	10	5	50	25	25	125,465	63,810	61,655	30	15	15
60 to 64 years	25	10	15	50	25	25	118,065	57,920	60,140	30	15	15
65 years and over	25	15	15	110	45	65	351,325	151,210	200,120	45	15	30
65 to 69 years	10	5	5	45	20	25	99,325	46,730	52,595	15	5	10
70 to 74 years	10	5	0	25	10	10	86,030	39,185	46,845	15	5	10
75 to 79 years	5	0	0	15	5	10	63,215	27,320	35,895	5	0	10
80 to 84 years	5	0	5	15	5	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	0	5
85 years and over	5	5	0	10	5	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	0
85 to 89 years	5	5	0	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	5	0	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.9	11.6	14.3	11.0	11.4	10.8	15.5	16.1	14.8	15.6	12.8	16.0
15 to 64 years	81.2	81.4	81.0	77.3	78.4	76.3	67.0	68.5	65.6	75.0	78.7	70.0
65 years and over	5.9	7.0	7.1	12.2	10.2	14.0	17.5	15.4	19.6	9.4	6.4	12.0
85 years and over	1.2	2.3	0.0	1.1	1.1	1.1	2.8	1.9	3.6	1.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	36.0	36.6	35.4	40.4	39.6	41.1	41.0	39.8	42.1	38.2	38.4	37.8
Median age of the population	34.8	35.6	34.0	39.2	38.8	39.2	39.6	38.4	40.4	37.2	38.8	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	240	...	...	550	...	...	910,360	...	...	255	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	5	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	5	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	50	...	...	110,440	...	...	55	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	230	...	...	490	...	...	479,885	...	...	195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	240	...	...	545	...	...	910,355	...	...	255	...	...
1 person	120	...	...	305	...	...	367,400	...	...	120	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	165	...	...	271,730	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	50	...	...	118,205	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	20	...	...	98,205	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	425	215	210	905	445	465	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	480	235	245
Average household size	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	375	185	185	805	395	415	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	410	200	205
Married or living common-law	190	95	95	415	220	195	822,440	414,330	408,115	210	105	105
Married	50	25	25	145	70	70	577,060	289,455	287,600	90	50	45
Living common-law	135	70	70	270	145	130	245,385	124,870	120,510	120	60	60
Living common law - Never married	125	65	60	245	135	115	207,040	104,785	102,250	105	50	60
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	25	15	15	32,295	16,915	15,380	15	10	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	180	95	90	395	175	220	872,060	410,935	461,125	200	95	100
Not married and not living common law - Never married	150	85	65	310	145	160	627,845	333,150	294,700	150	85	70
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	10	5	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20	10	10	60	20	35	126,605	46,380	80,225	25	10	15
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	15	10	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	0	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	105	...	...	225	...	...	495,445	...	...	120	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	150	...	...	251,075	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	45	...	...	107,265	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	20	...	...	93,300	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	0	...	...	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.4	...	...	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	105	...	...	225	...	...	495,445	...	...	125	...	...
Total couple families	90	...	...	205	...	...	395,645	...	...	100	...	...
Married couples	25	...	...	70	...	...	273,070	...	...	40	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	30	...	...	162,745	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	40	...	...	110,325	...	...	20	...	...
Common-law couples	70	...	...	135	...	...	122,570	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	40	...	...	44,875	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	100	...	...	77,700	...	...	35	...	...
Total one-parent families	10	...	...	20	...	...	99,805	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10	...	...	10	...	...	80,530	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	420	215	210	910	445	465	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	480	235	245
Total - Persons in census families	255	120	135	570	300	270	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	330	150	180
Married spouses or common-law partners	180	90	90	410	220	195	791,280	398,495	392,785	195	95	100
Parents in one-parent families	15	0	10	20	5	15	99,805	19,275	80,525	25	5	15
Children⁶	60	30	30	135	75	60	541,905	284,935	256,965	110	45	65
In a two-parent family	40	20	20	110	65	45	392,250	205,155	187,095	75	35	40
In a one-parent family	15	10	5	25	10	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	30	15	20
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	170	90	80	340	150	195	526,370	262,915	263,450	150	80	65
Living alone	115	65	50	300	130	170	367,395	175,660	191,740	120	65	50
Living with other relatives⁷	5	5	0	5	5	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	5	0	5
Living with non-relatives only	45	15	25	30	15	15	109,690	65,235	44,455	25	10	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	240	...	...	545	...	...	910,360	...	...	255	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	105	...	...	220	...	...	455,970	...	...	115	...	...
Couple-family households	90	...	...	205	...	...	370,250	...	...	95	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	70	...	...	194,165	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	135	...	...	176,085	...	...	55	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	15	...	...	85,720	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	5	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	20	...	...	55,210	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	120	...	...	300	...	...	367,395	...	...	120	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	370	190	180	810	390	415	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	405	205	200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	185	180	790	380	410	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	395	200	190
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	46,400	41,200	60,800	65,500	56,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	43,200	45,200	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	185	180	790	380	410	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	395	200	190
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,000	36,000	50,000	52,800	48,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	38,000	38,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	345	180	165	765	365	395	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	360	190	175
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,800	33,600	57,600	65,000	51,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	36,400	39,200	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	325	160	160	670	325	350	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	320	170	145
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,400	32,800	60,000	70,000	54,000	32,800	36,000	29,600	40,400	40,800	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	280	135	150	530	225	310	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	330	165	165
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,700	8,900	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,800	9,600	12,000	8,500	7,300	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55	25	30	80	35	45	171,705	84,570	87,145	55	35	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,240	5,080	7,000	6,240	5,640	7,000	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,840	5,920	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	135	70	65	180	90	90	529,640	276,110	253,530	135	80	55
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,700	9,000	8,200	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	415	240	175	875	485	390	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	395	195	200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	405	235	165	845	460	385	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	380	195	190
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,200	54,400	54,000	70,800	76,400	64,000	53,250	60,050	46,760	42,000	44,400	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	405	235	165	845	460	385	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	380	195	190
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	43,600	44,400	53,800	57,000	50,000	42,520	46,280	38,960	36,200	37,600	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	385	220	165	820	445	380	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	350	190	155
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	49,600	50,000	66,000	73,200	57,800	48,960	57,350	40,640	35,600	36,800	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	210	165	745	415	330	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	300	165	135
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	48,000	47,200	67,000	71,200	61,600	48,760	55,650	41,480	36,000	36,800	35,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	320	200	125	585	275	310	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	340	170	170
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,520	9,600	6,900	9,360	9,500	9,300	12,040	10,900	13,040	10,760	9,700	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45	20	25	100	65	35	171,360	84,435	86,925	55	35	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,600	4,400	4,800	9,200	6,400	14,000	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,200	5,600	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	165	105	55	220	145	75	528,305	276,300	252,005	140	90	50
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	10,400	7,600	9,900	9,400	10,800	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,600	9,600	6,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	415	240	170	875	485	390	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	395	195	200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	145	80	70	420	230	185	514,340	278,505	235,830	115	65	45
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	69,000	64,000	74,500	85,000	63,200	60,000	63,600	56,000	50,000	51,600	45,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,000	84,000	68,000	93,200	101,000	84,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	55,000	56,000	52,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	185	105	80	300	160	135	504,455	247,565	256,895	160	85	75
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	14,600	26,800	21,200	16,400	23,000	16,400	17,400	15,500	17,800	22,400	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,600	26,400	38,000	36,000	38,500	33,500	26,920	29,400	24,520	26,600	25,600	28,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	86.0	90.0	90.8	93.0	88.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	77.0	82.0	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	81.0	78.0	86.0	83.6	85.0	82.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	68.0	72.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.6	14.8	9.6	9.1	7.4	11.6	18.9	14.4	24.4	22.8	18.8	27.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.2	2.4	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.6	9.4	5.2	4.0	4.1	3.8	6.4	5.9	7.0	8.4	10.4	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.0	8.8	4.8	3.7	3.9	3.4	5.7	5.4	6.0	7.6	10.0	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	375	185	185	805	395	415	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	410	200	205
Without total income	10	5	5	15	15	5	65,020	32,205	32,820	15	5	10
With total income	360	180	175	785	380	410	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	395	195	195
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15	5	5	45	20	25	138,250	65,670	72,580	20	10	15
$10,000 to $19,999	40	15	25	50	20	30	200,450	93,060	107,390	35	20	15
$20,000 to $29,999	75	40	35	75	30	45	286,825	131,235	155,595	65	35	35
$30,000 to $39,999	35	20	15	70	35	35	215,455	102,705	112,755	60	35	25
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	25	70	35	35	181,505	86,460	95,040	55	25	30
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	75	25	45	138,185	64,805	73,380	50	30	20
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	15	65	35	35	100,060	48,510	51,550	25	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	10	55	20	30	74,165	37,625	36,540	30	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	55	30	30	58,400	30,060	28,335	15	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	5	45	20	20	42,240	22,360	19,875	10	0	10
$100,000 and over	35	20	10	185	110	75	149,555	92,680	56,875	25	15	10
$100,000 to $149,999	25	15	10	110	65	45	90,980	53,275	37,705	15	5	5
$150,000 and over	10	10	0	70	45	30	58,575	39,405	19,170	10	5	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	375	185	185	805	395	415	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	410	200	205
Without after-tax income	10	5	5	15	15	5	64,605	32,005	32,605	15	5	10
With after-tax income	360	180	175	785	380	410	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	395	195	195
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15	10	10	45	20	30	144,275	67,955	76,320	25	10	15
$10,000 to $19,999	40	15	25	50	20	30	210,975	98,495	112,480	40	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	85	45	40	100	40	60	334,395	155,845	178,545	80	45	40
$30,000 to $39,999	55	20	30	90	45	45	257,145	124,835	132,315	75	40	35
$40,000 to $49,999	55	25	25	105	55	55	204,980	97,805	107,175	75	40	35
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	15	90	45	50	139,760	67,315	72,450	45	25	20
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	85	30	55	93,705	46,700	47,005	25	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	55	30	30	61,765	31,815	29,945	20	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	45	25	20	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	25	15	10	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	100	60	40	73,695	48,025	25,665	10	5	5
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	5	50	30	20	33,165	20,265	12,905	5	0	5
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	45	30	20	40,530	27,765	12,760	10	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	375	185	185	805	395	415	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	410	200	205
Without employment income	50	30	20	135	70	65	495,060	212,405	282,660	90	30	60
With employment income	320	160	160	670	325	345	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	315	175	145
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	15	30	55	20	30	167,560	82,405	85,155	45	20	25
$5,000 to $9,999	25	15	10	35	20	10	111,575	52,975	58,595	20	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	25	60	30	35	151,350	72,815	78,530	30	15	15
$20,000 to $29,999	30	20	15	40	15	20	116,030	56,295	59,730	35	20	15
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	10	40	20	25	108,120	55,225	52,890	25	15	10
$40,000 to $49,999	30	10	20	55	15	35	104,250	51,950	52,300	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	55	20	30	84,485	42,940	41,540	35	20	15
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	50	20	25	66,190	35,045	31,145	20	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	5	45	20	25	52,585	28,500	24,080	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	45	25	20	46,000	24,150	21,850	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	40	15	20	31,345	18,120	13,230	15	5	10
$100,000 and over	35	20	10	160	100	60	115,575	74,545	41,030	20	10	10
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	5	60	40	25	47,525	28,870	18,655	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	15	15	5	100	65	40	68,050	45,675	22,375	10	10	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	370	190	180	810	390	415	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	405	205	200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	360	180	175	775	375	400	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	380	195	185
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,600	35,200	59,200	65,000	55,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	40,800	40,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	360	180	175	775	375	400	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	380	195	185
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,600	33,200	48,800	52,000	46,800	31,000	32,800	29,400	36,000	36,400	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	340	170	165	740	360	385	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	355	185	170
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,800	34,400	58,400	66,000	52,400	32,000	36,000	28,200	38,000	41,600	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	310	160	155	655	320	335	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	315	170	145
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,200	34,800	60,000	72,000	57,600	33,600	36,800	30,400	38,400	42,000	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	250	125	130	455	195	260	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	295	150	145
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,840	1,430	2,800	2,280	2,040	2,740	4,440	2,760	7,300	3,200	1,450	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	35	15	20	60	25	35	114,940	56,080	58,855	45	25	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	x	7,850	5,200	3,560	7,900	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,000	3,200	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	415	240	175	875	485	390	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	395	195	200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	385	235	150	835	450	380	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	370	190	180
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,800	46,400	50,000	72,000	80,400	62,400	50,000	57,050	43,280	40,200	43,200	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	385	235	150	835	450	380	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	370	190	180
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	37,600	41,000	54,600	59,600	48,600	39,800	43,800	35,920	34,600	36,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	215	145	800	435	365	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	350	185	165
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,600	48,400	49,000	71,800	80,800	60,800	49,080	57,750	40,560	36,800	40,000	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	350	205	140	715	400	315	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	310	170	145
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,800	42,000	46,000	74,000	81,600	64,000	48,720	55,750	41,240	37,200	40,000	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	285	165	120	500	215	285	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	290	140	145
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,400	3,640	3,040	5,060	4,400	5,560	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,400	5,300	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	0	0	60	35	25	114,595	55,675	58,915	45	25	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	...	...	5,800	5,600	6,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	11,200	9,000	13,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	415	240	170	875	485	390	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	395	195	200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	140	80	65	410	230	185	507,645	274,575	233,070	115	70	45
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	67,000	62,000	70,500	82,000	59,600	54,400	58,400	50,400	47,600	48,400	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	68,000	66,000	90,000	99,000	79,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	51,000	52,000	50,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	170	100	70	270	150	125	462,020	227,495	234,530	160	85	80
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	22,600	22,400	29,400	29,400	31,800	21,800	23,200	20,400	25,800	22,200	26,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,000	30,400	34,000	53,200	60,000	45,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	28,800	29,600	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.0	94.0	96.0	95.6	97.0	93.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	86.0	90.0	80.0
Employment income (%)	83.0	79.0	88.0	88.4	91.0	84.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	78.0	82.0	72.0
Government transfers (%)	5.2	5.5	4.8	4.2	2.6	6.7	12.8	8.6	18.2	14.2	9.2	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	x	x	0.6	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.8	1.6	3.2	2.4	4.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	240	...	...	545	...	...	910,355	...	...	255	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	67,500	...	...	58,000	...	...	52,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	120	...	...	300	...	...	367,395	...	...	120	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	58,800	...	...	38,000	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	49,200	...	...	34,000	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	125	...	...	240	...	...	542,960	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	80,400	...	...	74,100	...	...	54,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	95	...	...	280	...	...	367,255	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	49,760	...	...	44,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,000	...	...	51,600	...	...	40,640	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	140	...	...	285	...	...	543,100	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	147,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	240	...	...	545	...	...	910,355	...	...	250	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	10	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	17,665	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	57,720	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	41,545	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	42,630	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	40	...	...	75,485	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	40	...	...	67,695	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	60,495	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	45,830	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	225	...	...	270,265	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	60	...	...	85,635	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	40	...	...	56,205	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	65	...	...	62,095	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	60	...	...	66,335	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	240	...	...	545	...	...	910,355	...	...	250	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	10	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	17,965	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	27,485	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	63,030	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	48,815	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	51,055	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	50,890	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	47,120	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	45	...	...	85,490	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	55	...	...	75,625	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	40	...	...	65,530	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	45	...	...	160	...	...	197,490	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	55	...	...	78,870	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	45	...	...	45,905	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	60	...	...	72,715	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	105	...	...	230	...	...	501,830	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	132,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	135	...	...	179,195	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	70	...	...	208,260	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	180,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.5	...	...	3.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	20	...	...	95,875	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	84,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	77,500	...	...	59,600	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	165	85	75	330	145	190	477,085	240,895	236,195	145	80	60
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,400	34,400	58,400	58,800	56,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	37,200	35,600	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	34,000	31,600	48,400	48,400	48,400	31,200	31,200	31,200	32,400	32,800	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	105	...	...	255	...	...	501,905	...	...	110	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	149,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	130	...	...	179,455	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	95	...	...	208,375	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	196,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	142,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	30	...	...	95,455	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	110,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	85,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	205	130	75	335	190	150	476,520	240,280	236,245	150	70	80
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	52,000	35,000	65,200	64,500	66,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	43,000	52,000	35,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	41,000	30,000	51,400	51,600	51,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	37,000	44,000	31,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	425	215	210	905	440	465	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	480	235	250
0 to 17 years	60	30	30	115	60	50	365,020	186,710	178,315	85	35	50
0 to 5 years	30	15	20	55	30	25	120,615	61,615	58,995	35	20	20
18 to 64 years	340	170	165	690	340	350	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	350	185	165
65 years and over	25	15	10	110	45	60	317,425	140,270	177,155	45	15	30
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	70	35	35	95	45	50	321,885	154,370	167,510	65	30	40
0 to 17 years	5	0	0	5	0	5	54,265	27,870	26,395	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	55	30	25	65	30	35	197,020	99,310	97,710	45	25	25
65 years and over	5	5	5	25	10	15	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.0	15.0	16.0	10.2	10.0	10.4	16.4	16.0	16.9	14.0	12.0	16.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	x	x	x	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	8.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	16.0	17.0	16.0	9.2	9.5	9.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	12.4	12.0	13.0
65 years and over (%)	25.0	x	40.0	24.0	20.0	24.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	40.0	30.0	45.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	420	215	210	910	445	465	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	480	235	245
0 to 17 years	60	25	35	110	55	55	365,025	186,705	178,315	90	35	50
0 to 5 years	30	10	20	55	30	30	120,610	61,615	58,995	35	15	15
18 to 64 years	340	170	170	685	335	350	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	345	185	165
65 years and over	30	15	15	105	45	65	317,425	140,265	177,155	50	15	30
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	55	30	30	55	25	30	213,720	108,905	104,815	35	15	20
0 to 17 years	5	0	0	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	45	20	25	40	20	25	153,385	81,765	71,620	30	15	15
65 years and over	10	5	5	10	5	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	14.0	12.0	16.0	6.0	5.6	6.4	10.9	11.3	10.6	7.2	7.0	8.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	x	x	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	13.6	12.0	15.0	6.2	6.0	6.4	12.0	12.8	11.2	8.5	9.0	9.0
65 years and over (%)	30.0	x	50.0	9.0	10.0	8.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	425	215	210	905	440	465	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	480	235	250
In bottom half of the distribution	255	125	130	350	160	190	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	310	150	155
In bottom decile	80	40	45	75	30	40	298,540	147,890	150,655	50	25	25
In second decile	45	20	20	65	30	35	244,435	115,985	128,450	70	35	40
In third decile	35	20	20	65	30	35	240,895	116,550	124,345	55	25	30
In fourth decile	55	30	25	55	20	35	218,125	105,885	112,240	70	35	30
In fifth decile	45	20	30	90	50	40	194,765	95,185	99,580	60	30	30
In top half of the distribution	170	90	80	555	285	275	762,590	384,140	378,450	175	85	90
In sixth decile	45	20	20	85	45	40	172,200	85,100	87,095	40	20	20
In seventh decile	40	20	15	90	40	45	156,540	78,290	78,250	45	20	30
In eighth decile	40	20	25	95	45	50	144,120	72,600	71,525	30	15	20
In ninth decile	20	5	10	115	55	60	134,265	68,285	65,980	30	20	15
In top decile	20	15	10	180	100	80	155,465	79,870	75,595	25	10	15
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	420	...	...	910	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.355	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.412	...	...	0.415	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...	0.306	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	4.4	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	420	215	210	910	445	465	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	480	235	245
English only	10	5	5	30	25	10	262,290	133,690	128,600	15	10	5
French only	90	40	45	180	95	90	486,845	221,005	265,840	185	85	100
English and French	325	170	155	690	330	360	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	275	140	135
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,860	18,340	27,520	5	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	420	215	210	910	445	465	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	480	235	245
English	30	20	15	90	45	45	605,220	303,380	301,835	45	25	15
French	360	180	180	770	380	395	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	410	200	215
English and French	30	15	15	45	20	25	173,785	88,480	85,300	20	15	15
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,430	17,640	26,790	5	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	420	215	210	910	445	465	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	480	235	245
Single responses	400	195	200	875	420	450	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	460	220	240
Official languages	365	180	185	750	370	380	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	380	185	195
English	25	10	15	55	30	25	322,315	162,085	160,230	30	15	10
French	340	170	175	695	335	360	870,975	428,435	442,540	355	170	185
Non-official languages	35	20	20	125	55	70	643,275	311,525	331,750	80	35	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	20	20	125	55	70	642,820	311,370	331,445	80	35	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	20	15	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	10	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	5	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	5	20	10	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5	15	10	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	5	0	5	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	5	0	5	19,905	9,185	10,725	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	80	35	40	329,415	158,980	170,435	40	20	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	15	0	10	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	15	0	10	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5	0	5	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	68,600	36,145	32,455	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5	5	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	55	30	25	183,755	87,295	96,460	30	10	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	15	10	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	5	30	15	15	85,395	41,150	44,250	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	57,075	26,030	31,035	5	0	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	56,890	25,955	30,935	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	5	0	5	37,985	17,270	20,715	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10	0	5	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	10	30	20	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	20	15	5
English and French	10	5	5	20	15	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	10	5	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	5	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	420	215	210	910	445	465	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	480	235	245
English	15	5	5	60	35	30	340,470	170,050	170,425	30	20	10
French	315	160	160	630	305	330	779,125	383,000	396,125	325	155	170
Non-official language	10	5	5	15	5	10	204,395	96,705	107,690	20	5	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	5	5	15	5	10	204,315	96,670	107,645	20	5	10
English and French	60	30	30	95	45	50	173,135	89,205	83,935	35	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	15	5	10	135,390	66,995	68,400	10	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	40	15	20	180,900	85,935	94,965	45	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	45	30	20	154,470	76,450	78,020	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	420	215	210	910	445	465	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	480	235	245
Single responses	395	195	205	875	425	455	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	455	220	235
Official languages	380	190	195	830	400	425	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	415	205	215
English	30	15	15	90	45	45	479,850	239,270	240,580	40	20	15
French	355	175	180	740	355	380	956,130	471,155	484,975	380	180	195
Non-official languages	10	5	10	50	20	25	370,290	177,955	192,335	35	15	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	5	10	50	20	25	370,125	177,895	192,235	35	15	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	5	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	5	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	0	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	5	5	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	0	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	5	10	30	15	20	188,550	90,370	98,185	25	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5	0	5	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	5	20	10	10	95,835	44,515	51,315	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	5	0	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	5	10	10	5	54,335	26,035	28,300	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	5	0	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	5	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	20	10	30	20	15	173,745	85,640	88,110	25	15	10
English and French	20	15	5	25	10	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	10	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	5	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	420	215	210	905	445	465	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	480	235	245
None	360	180	180	730	355	375	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	395	190	200
English	30	15	15	75	35	35	131,630	67,290	64,340	25	15	10
French	10	5	5	25	10	10	126,780	62,180	64,600	10	5	10
Non-official language	15	10	0	50	20	25	144,335	69,210	75,130	35	20	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	50	20	25	144,155	69,135	75,015	35	20	20
English and French	0	0	0	10	5	10	34,410	17,320	17,090	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	15	0	38,875	19,700	19,180	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	10	5	0	33,620	16,170	17,450	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	455	260	195	1,000	545	455	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	480	220	255
Official languages	455	260	195	995	545	445	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	465	220	245
English	380	225	155	785	425	355	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	305	150	155
French	455	260	195	970	525	445	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	455	215	240
Non-official languages	100	55	45	310	180	135	971,455	471,755	499,700	165	60	100
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	55	45	310	180	135	970,710	471,495	499,220	165	60	100
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	60	35	20	217,295	113,605	103,690	35	20	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	15	0	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	10	0	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	45	30	15	205,120	107,210	97,905	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	45	30	15	188,115	98,545	89,565	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	20	10	15	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	40	40	210	130	80	514,485	250,190	264,295	100	35	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	40	25	15	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	40	25	15	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	20	15	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	20	0	15	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	15	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	35	25	155	95	60	324,695	154,360	170,340	60	20	45
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0	25	10	20	107,285	51,300	55,985	20	10	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	10	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	10	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	50	30	20	155	95	60	193,835	91,345	102,490	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	0	15	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15	0	15	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	455	260	195	1,000	545	450	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	475	225	255
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15	10	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15	10	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	440	255	190	990	545	445	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	475	225	250
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	455	260	195	1,000	545	450	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	475	225	255
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	455	260	195	990	545	445	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	475	225	250
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
Owner	85	...	...	315	...	...	360,125	...	...	50	...	...
Renter	150	...	...	255	...	...	550,240	...	...	200	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
Condominium	50	...	...	330	...	...	192,985	...	...	30	...	...
Not condominium	185	...	...	235	...	...	717,375	...	...	220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	75	...	...	265	...	...	267,715	...	...	130	...	...
2 bedrooms	105	...	...	205	...	...	303,875	...	...	85	...	...
3 bedrooms	30	...	...	75	...	...	220,945	...	...	15	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...	15	...	...	98,090	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	135	...	...	405	...	...	501,570	...	...	170	...	...
5 rooms	40	...	...	90	...	...	166,230	...	...	50	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	40	...	...	78,495	...	...	25	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	20	...	...	58,850	...	...	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.6	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.7	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
One person or fewer per room	235	...	...	560	...	...	881,730	...	...	245	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	10	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
Suitable	220	...	...	560	...	...	834,885	...	...	245	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
1960 or before	170	...	...	185	...	...	325,005	...	...	125	...	...
1961 to 1980	20	...	...	60	...	...	282,605	...	...	70	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	30	...	...	101,185	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	20	...	...	15	...	...	63,765	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	35	...	...	32,020	...	...	15	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	235	...	...	32,875	...	...	35	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	15	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	210	...	...	555	...	...	833,540	...	...	225	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	10	...	...	76,815	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
One-maintainer household	120	...	...	340	...	...	543,605	...	...	145	...	...
Two-maintainer household	105	...	...	225	...	...	333,140	...	...	110	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	0	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...	25	...	...	40,960	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	70	...	...	140	...	...	162,375	...	...	55	...	...
35 to 44 years	70	...	...	150	...	...	171,535	...	...	60	...	...
45 to 54 years	40	...	...	120	...	...	155,520	...	...	35	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	70	...	...	156,865	...	...	45	...	...
65 to 74 years	10	...	...	35	...	...	122,825	...	...	10	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	20	...	...	70,345	...	...	20	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	10	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	235	...	...	560	...	...	902,485	...	...	255	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	180	...	...	445	...	...	686,075	...	...	195	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	115	...	...	216,410	...	...	60	...	...
30% to less than 100%	40	...	...	110	...	...	189,795	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	235	...	...	565	...	...	910,360	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	125	...	...	330,635	...	...	85	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	45	...	...	115	...	...	186,350	...	...	45	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	25	...	...	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	155	...	...	440	...	...	579,720	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	225	...	...	560	...	...	875,865	...	...	240	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	40	...	...	87,945	...	...	25	...	...
Not in core need	205	...	...	515	...	...	787,925	...	...	215	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	90	...	...	315	...	...	360,120	...	...	55	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.1	...	...	71.4	...	...	60.0	...	...	90.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	12.7	...	...	17.4	...	...	36.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,510	...	...	1,660	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,420	...	...	1,700	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,900	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	448,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	660,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	145	...	...	250	...	...	550,235	...	...	200	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.5	...	...	32.0	...	...	28.4	...	...	17.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.3	...	...	14.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,100	...	...	890	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	1,080	...	...	987	...	...	900	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	460	265	195	995	550	450	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	480	225	255
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	15	10	25	15	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	15	10	25	15	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	10	15	10	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	10	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	430	245	185	970	535	435	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	475	225	250
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	460	265	195	1,000	550	455	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	480	225	255
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	375	200	175	790	425	360	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	410	200	210
Canadian citizens aged under 18	60	25	35	120	65	55	322,965	164,980	157,985	80	25	50
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	315	175	140	670	360	305	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	330	165	160
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	80	60	20	210	120	90	313,410	160,530	152,885	70	25	45
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	460	265	195	1,000	550	455	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	480	225	255
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	350	190	165	645	330	310	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	365	175	190
Immigrants⁸¹	45	30	10	275	170	110	652,730	313,955	338,770	80	35	40
Before 1980	0	0	0	15	10	0	108,265	50,530	57,735	0	0	0
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	25	15	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	10	10	0	30	15	15	106,810	50,520	56,290	10	10	0
2001 to 2010	10	0	0	45	25	15	154,780	74,520	80,255	15	0	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	25	20	0	165	105	55	213,175	104,225	108,950	45	20	20
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	45	45	10	99,070	48,005	51,065	20	15	0
2016 to 2021	20	20	0	115	60	50	114,110	56,220	57,885	30	10	15
Non-permanent residents⁸³	60	45	20	80	45	35	138,240	75,380	62,860	35	15	20
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	45	30	10	275	170	110	652,725	313,955	338,770	80	35	45
Under 5 years	0	0	0	10	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	0	10
5 to 14 years	15	10	0	45	35	10	103,285	51,965	51,320	10	0	10
15 to 24 years	0	0	0	20	15	10	118,475	53,035	65,440	10	10	0
25 to 44 years	25	20	0	175	105	75	326,320	158,620	167,700	40	25	20
45 years and over	0	0	0	20	15	10	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	45	30	10	275	170	110	652,725	313,955	338,770	80	35	45
Americas	10	0	0	45	35	10	137,955	63,465	74,485	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	10	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	10	10	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	10	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	25	20	0	160	95	65	158,795	76,610	82,190	30	15	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	120	65	55	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	10	10	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	10	10	0
Africa	0	0	0	40	20	15	152,205	77,515	74,690	35	10	20
Algeria	0	0	0	20	10	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	30	10	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	20	0	10	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	30	15	15	202,715	95,775	106,935	20	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15	15	0	115	60	50	114,110	56,220	57,885	30	10	15
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	70	40	35	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	65	30	35	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	15	10	10	36,195	17,970	18,225	25	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	455	260	195	1,000	545	455	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	480	220	255
First generation¹⁰⁰	105	75	30	360	215	140	813,905	400,325	413,580	115	55	70
Second generation¹⁰¹	45	25	20	130	75	50	424,225	212,755	211,475	55	20	40
Third generation or more¹⁰²	310	170	140	515	255	260	721,230	352,590	368,630	305	150	155
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	40	35	10	265	160	100	544,455	263,425	281,040	75	40	40
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	15	10	0	200	130	75	303,105	155,090	148,020	50	20	25
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15	10	0	140	90	55	151,015	87,200	63,815	30	15	15
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	60	40	25	152,090	67,890	84,205	20	0	15
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	20	15	10	30	10	20	146,645	59,645	87,000	25	10	15
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	40	30	10	85,165	44,145	41,025	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	40	35	10	265	160	100	544,455	263,425	281,040	75	40	40
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	10	10	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	15	0	70	40	25	56,685	26,490	30,195	10	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	25	25	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	65	45	15	27,800	15,470	12,330	10	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	20	15	0	95	35	55	387,815	184,015	203,795	55	15	40
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	455	260	195	1,000	545	450	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	480	225	255
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	50	30	20	150	75	75	737,510	363,785	373,725	85	40	45
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	40	15	30	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	20	20	0	15	0	15	208,805	101,125	107,680	20	10	15
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	15	0	10	35	25	15	151,890	79,375	72,515	15	15	0
Latin American	0	0	0	35	30	10	82,550	40,580	41,970	10	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	405	230	180	845	470	375	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	395	180	210
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	455	260	195	1,000	545	455	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	480	220	255
Canadian	50	20	30	115	60	50	241,015	115,880	125,135	55	25	30
English	0	0	0	30	15	10	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	55	25	30	75	40	25	102,325	48,885	53,440	20	0	15
Scottish	40	25	15	35	15	20	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	235	140	100	430	225	210	336,880	169,710	167,170	125	70	55
German	10	0	10	20	15	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	15	0	10	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	10	50	30	20	156,025	76,485	79,535	20	10	15
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	35	20	20	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	35	25	15	90	45	40	108,910	54,650	54,260	60	25	35
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	25	15	10	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	35	10	25	100	50	45	66,400	31,740	34,655	65	30	35
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	15	15	0	15	0	10	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	25	15	10	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	10	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	40	20	20	55	30	25	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	20	0	20
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	50	35	10	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	20	15	10	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	15	10	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	25	15	10
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	15	0	15	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	20	15	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	10	0	10	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	10	10	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	10	10	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	20	0	20
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	15	10	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	455	260	195	1,000	545	450	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	475	225	255
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	120	65	60	360	185	175	969,945	451,410	518,540	240	105	135
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10	10	0	25	20	10	116,635	55,545	61,090	35	10	25
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	100	45	55	315	160	155	675,695	314,690	361,010	205	100	110
Christian Orthodox	15	10	0	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	10	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	15	10	0	50	35	15	233,440	121,145	112,290	45	20	25
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	315	180	135	580	320	255	590,140	310,985	279,165	180	90	90
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	460	265	195	985	535	445	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	475	225	250
Non-movers	275	165	115	805	450	360	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	290	140	150
Movers	180	100	80	175	90	80	255,365	129,500	125,865	180	85	100
Non-migrants	135	65	65	115	55	55	186,805	94,745	92,055	145	70	70
Migrants	45	30	20	60	35	25	68,560	34,750	33,810	40	10	25
Internal migrants	40	25	20	50	30	20	37,680	18,795	18,885	20	10	15
Intraprovincial migrants	35	20	20	45	20	20	27,865	13,660	14,205	20	10	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	435	260	175	955	520	430	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	445	210	235
Non-movers	90	55	30	425	240	190	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	185	85	100
Movers	345	205	145	530	280	245	821,475	413,250	408,230	260	130	130
Non-migrants	195	100	95	305	165	140	433,700	216,030	217,670	155	70	85
Migrants	150	95	55	225	115	110	387,770	197,215	190,560	110	60	50
Internal migrants	85	55	35	135	65	70	190,035	93,955	96,075	60	30	25
Intraprovincial migrants	85	55	35	125	60	65	159,710	78,770	80,940	55	30	20
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	15	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	65	45	20	80	50	35	197,735	103,260	94,485	45	20	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	415	240	170	875	485	390	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	395	195	200
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	35	10	55	35	20	274,820	136,500	138,320	45	25	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	365	210	160	820	450	365	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	355	175	175
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	320	180	140	710	395	320	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	305	160	150
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	20	10	25	20	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	30	20	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	290	160	135	690	380	315	975,700	481,690	494,005	275	140	135
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	410	240	175	875	485	390	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	395	195	200
No certificate, diploma or degree	30	25	10	50	25	25	247,460	120,840	126,625	50	25	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55	35	20	85	55	30	319,755	162,520	157,240	70	30	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	325	180	150	745	405	335	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	275	140	135
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	60	40	205	135	75	473,060	232,855	240,210	130	70	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	10	0	40	35	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	50	35	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	30	25	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	45	30	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	10	10	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	35	30	130	70	60	260,845	122,345	138,495	65	25	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	10	10	35	30	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	15	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	225	120	105	535	275	265	609,855	291,355	318,505	150	70	80
Bachelor's degree	125	70	50	240	110	125	344,605	160,320	184,285	110	55	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	60	30	30	58,945	27,280	31,665	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	15	0	10	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	75	35	40	200	110	95	159,510	78,325	81,190	35	15	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	25	20	10	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	315	175	140	715	395	320	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	305	155	145
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	15	0	20	15	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	30	25	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20	10	10	45	30	20	162,205	88,420	73,785	40	15	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	280	155	125	645	350	295	831,975	403,420	428,555	240	120	115
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55	35	20	140	95	50	333,160	167,260	165,895	95	55	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	10	0	30	25	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	40	35	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	20	20	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	30	25	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30	20	15	85	50	40	174,185	84,745	89,445	45	20	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	25	20	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	15	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	225	120	110	505	260	250	498,815	236,155	262,665	140	65	75
Bachelor's degree	125	70	55	225	105	120	276,640	128,890	147,745	105	50	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	55	25	30	48,390	21,995	26,395	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	0	15	0	10	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	75	35	40	180	95	85	137,150	66,720	70,430	25	15	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	25	15	10	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	410	245	170	875	485	390	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	400	200	200
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	85	65	20	130	80	55	567,220	283,355	283,860	120	55	60
Education	20	10	10	45	0	35	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
13. Education	20	10	10	45	0	35	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50	20	30	85	50	30	69,210	32,705	36,505	25	10	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	10	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	50	15	30	70	45	25	61,135	27,085	34,045	15	0	10
Humanities	30	10	25	60	35	30	78,920	30,815	48,110	35	20	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	25	15	10	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	15	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	15	0	15	11,835	4,005	7,835	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	70	40	30	150	65	85	157,220	58,185	99,040	25	15	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	20	10	60	30	30	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	35	20	20	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	20	0	15	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	20	0	25	10	10	59,300	29,185	30,110	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	50	25	25	130	70	65	248,895	110,950	137,945	85	20	60
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	25	25	125	70	60	237,125	108,040	129,090	75	20	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	10	0	40	15	20	57,445	29,770	27,670	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	15	10	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	15	10	10	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	40	30	15	65,435	46,010	19,420	20	0	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	35	30	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	20	0	15
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	0	90	75	15	173,380	143,615	29,765	50	50	0
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	0	25	15	10	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	35	35	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	10	10	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	10	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	10	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	20	20	75	35	45	122,295	30,795	91,495	20	10	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	10	0	65	25	35	109,185	24,140	85,045	15	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	25	25	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15	15	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	320	180	140	715	395	320	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	305	160	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35	25	10	65	45	20	265,025	144,230	120,800	70	35	35
Education	15	10	0	30	0	30	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
13. Education	15	10	0	30	0	30	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40	15	25	65	40	30	54,840	26,500	28,340	30	10	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	40	15	25	60	40	25	48,205	21,870	26,335	20	0	10
Humanities	20	0	20	40	20	20	52,565	20,765	31,805	25	10	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15	15	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	15	0	15	7,920	2,660	5,255	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	55	25	30	130	50	80	121,985	44,105	77,880	20	15	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	60	30	30	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	35	15	20	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	20	0	10	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	20	0	15	0	10	44,580	21,945	22,635	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	45	20	25	125	65	65	199,525	87,920	111,600	75	20	55
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	10	0	10	8,920	2,215	6,705	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	20	25	120	65	55	190,410	85,600	104,810	65	20	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	35	15	25	37,905	19,350	18,560	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	15	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	15	10	10	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	40	30	10	53,860	38,275	15,590	20	0	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	35	30	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	20	0	15
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	0	80	70	10	137,395	112,025	25,370	35	35	0
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	0	25	15	10	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	35	35	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	10	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	10	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	20	20	65	25	40	92,595	23,265	69,330	15	10	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	10	0	55	20	30	82,410	18,370	64,045	15	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	15	0	25	25	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15	15	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	320	180	140	715	395	320	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	305	160	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35	25	10	65	45	20	265,025	144,230	120,800	70	35	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	285	155	130	645	350	300	831,975	403,415	428,560	235	125	120
Location of study inside Canada	215	105	110	475	250	225	598,455	286,340	312,115	180	85	95
Same as province or territory of residence	215	105	110	460	235	220	566,540	270,160	296,380	175	85	90
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	15	15	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	70	45	25	165	100	70	233,520	117,075	116,445	60	35	20
Americas	0	0	0	10	10	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	10	10	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	55	40	25	145	85	60	74,705	39,515	35,190	15	15	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	45	30	20	110	60	50	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	10	10	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	15	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	15	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	25	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	410	240	175	875	485	390	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	395	195	200
In the labour force	355	195	160	710	390	320	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	280	160	120
Employed	305	155	150	675	360	315	971,245	502,885	468,360	260	145	115
Unemployed	50	35	10	35	35	0	110,395	58,460	51,935	20	15	0
Not in the labour force	60	45	10	165	90	70	568,495	246,215	322,280	115	40	80
Participation rate	86.6	81.3	91.4	81.1	80.4	82.1	65.5	69.5	61.8	70.9	82.1	60.0
Employment rate	74.4	64.6	85.7	77.1	74.2	80.8	58.9	62.3	55.6	65.8	74.4	57.5
Unemployment rate	14.1	17.9	6.3	4.9	9.0	0.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	7.1	9.4	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	410	245	170	875	485	390	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	400	200	200
Did not work¹⁸⁶	75	55	25	145	90	60	582,470	253,075	329,400	110	45	65
Worked	335	185	145	730	395	330	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	285	155	130
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	150	80	65	415	235	185	529,400	287,950	241,450	120	70	50
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	190	110	80	310	165	145	538,265	266,540	271,725	165	85	80
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	39.0	40.8	42.1	41.4	43.0	39.7	40.2	39.3	39.4	41.2	37.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	355	190	160	705	395	315	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	280	160	120
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	350	190	160	695	380	315	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	280	160	120
Employee	280	150	130	600	330	265	907,745	457,830	449,915	265	150	115
Permanent position	205	110	95	455	250	205	741,830	380,445	361,385	205	115	90
Temporary position	75	45	30	140	75	60	165,915	77,385	88,530	60	40	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	0	65	30	35	69,690	31,285	38,405	25	10	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	65	40	30	80	45	35	96,225	46,100	50,120	35	30	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	65	35	30	95	55	45	142,380	88,145	54,230	15	10	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	355	190	160	705	395	315	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	280	160	120
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	350	190	160	695	380	315	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	280	160	120
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	15	0	10	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	25	30	155	80	80	207,660	79,975	127,685	20	0	20
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	25	10	90	65	20	114,775	85,780	28,990	25	20	10
3 Health occupations	20	15	0	50	15	30	85,545	21,700	63,845	20	10	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	85	30	55	110	40	70	140,500	46,385	94,115	60	20	40
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	45	20	20	135	70	60	61,790	31,615	30,175	25	15	10
6 Sales and service occupations	65	30	35	110	80	35	263,055	135,300	127,750	80	55	30
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	35	35	0	40	30	10	109,555	99,115	10,440	35	35	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	10	0	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	10	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	355	190	160	705	395	315	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	280	160	120
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	350	190	160	695	380	315	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	280	160	120
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	10	10	0	15	10	10	37,460	31,570	5,890	20	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	20	10	0	35	25	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	20	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	15	15	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	30	15	15	55	35	25	111,555	56,180	55,375	25	10	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	15	0	15	15	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	25	10	10	75	55	25	43,110	26,250	16,865	15	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	45	30	20	53,430	27,205	26,225	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	10	10	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	50	30	20	110	60	50	130,405	75,750	54,655	25	10	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	10	15	20	15	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	15	10	0
61 Educational services	45	20	25	85	35	50	95,290	34,510	60,780	20	10	15
62 Health care and social assistance	35	15	15	65	20	50	142,545	36,095	106,450	45	10	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	25	20	10	65	25	45	23,355	12,045	11,315	10	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	20	0	10	20	20	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	30	25	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	10	15	10	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	15	15	0
91 Public administration	20	10	15	45	20	25	42,120	20,455	21,665	15	0	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	375	215	165	750	415	335	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	305	170	135
English	20	10	0	65	45	20	201,310	110,165	91,150	25	20	0
French	205	110	100	350	175	175	416,430	206,170	210,265	170	85	85
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	155	100	65	300	165	135	473,485	249,700	223,785	105	55	45
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	10	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	375	215	165	750	415	335	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	305	170	135
Single responses	355	205	155	710	390	310	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	290	155	135
Official languages	355	205	155	695	390	305	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	290	150	135
English	45	25	20	135	95	40	361,715	194,885	166,835	50	35	15
French	310	175	135	560	295	270	645,885	327,180	318,705	240	115	125
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	15	10	40	15	20	126,180	65,940	60,240	15	15	0
English and French	20	15	10	40	15	20	116,535	60,925	55,605	15	15	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	375	215	165	750	415	335	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	305	170	135
None	240	130	110	460	240	215	743,180	381,875	361,305	215	120	90
English	105	70	35	205	110	95	219,885	116,455	103,430	75	30	40
French	30	15	20	65	40	20	149,470	78,495	70,975	15	10	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	305	155	150	670	360	315	971,245	502,885	468,360	260	145	115
Worked at home	120	75	50	335	185	155	298,820	151,335	147,485	55	20	35
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	30	20	10	25	20	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	35	30	0
Usual place of work	150	65	85	315	155	160	580,035	286,695	293,340	170	90	75
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	150	65	85	315	155	155	580,035	286,695	293,340	170	95	75
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	135	55	80	245	125	120	427,475	202,010	225,465	135	65	70
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	0	0	10	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	45	25	25	58,865	35,690	23,175	25	25	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	180	85	95	335	175	160	669,150	349,485	319,665	205	125	85
Car, truck or van	70	50	25	145	60	85	395,615	229,315	166,300	125	100	25
Car, truck or van - as a driver	70	50	15	140	60	80	365,770	218,475	147,295	125	95	25
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	10	0	10	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	55	20	40	90	55	45	177,860	74,605	103,260	35	10	25
Walked	30	0	25	50	30	20	61,160	26,300	34,860	20	10	15
Bicycle	15	0	10	35	35	10	21,435	12,640	8,795	10	0	10
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	10	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	180	85	95	335	175	160	669,150	349,485	319,665	205	125	85
Less than 15 minutes	30	20	0	30	10	10	125,240	61,185	64,055	45	20	25
15 to 29 minutes	80	40	45	130	50	80	241,005	129,590	111,420	70	50	20
30 to 44 minutes	25	10	20	105	60	50	176,925	96,710	80,215	65	40	25
45 to 59 minutes	15	0	15	40	30	15	67,635	33,110	34,530	20	15	0
60 minutes and over	15	15	10	35	25	10	58,350	28,905	29,445	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	180	85	95	335	175	160	669,150	349,485	319,665	205	125	85
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	10	10	20	10	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	35	30	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	25	15	110	60	40	166,695	79,410	87,280	50	20	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	40	10	25	100	40	60	149,185	68,865	80,320	65	40	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35	15	20	75	40	30	106,855	50,615	56,240	30	10	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	15	15	35	20	15	112,350	65,830	46,520	20	20	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	55	25	30	115	60	55	371,310	189,920	181,390	85	35	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	10	10	10	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	25	25	105	55	50	262,245	133,605	128,640	80	25	50
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	30	15	15	60	30	30	264,905	135,505	129,395	60	20	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	0	5	5	0	82,880	42,755	40,130	5	5	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	5	5	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	5	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	10	55	30	30	182,020	92,755	89,270	55	15	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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