Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661709More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662898More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,310	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	467	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	777	...	...	976,966	...	...	134	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	672	...	...	910,359	...	...	132	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,349.8	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	4,426.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.56	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.11	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,310	530	780	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	470	240	230
0 to 14 years	75	30	40	309,765	158,545	151,225	70	40	30
0 to 4 years	25	10	10	99,195	50,760	48,435	20	15	10
5 to 9 years	20	10	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	20	15	10
10 to 14 years	30	10	20	103,590	53,120	50,470	30	15	10
15 to 64 years	390	200	185	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	300	155	145
15 to 19 years	15	5	10	97,525	49,340	48,180	30	15	15
20 to 24 years	20	10	10	140,025	70,895	69,125	30	25	10
25 to 29 years	45	25	20	165,525	83,630	81,895	30	20	10
30 to 34 years	50	20	25	157,725	78,995	78,730	25	10	10
35 to 39 years	40	20	20	149,265	74,115	75,155	35	20	15
40 to 44 years	40	20	20	142,365	70,920	71,445	25	10	15
45 to 49 years	45	20	25	125,505	62,690	62,815	15	5	5
50 to 54 years	35	20	20	121,710	61,735	59,975	35	15	20
55 to 59 years	50	25	30	125,465	63,810	61,655	45	20	25
60 to 64 years	45	25	15	118,065	57,920	60,140	40	15	20
65 years and over	850	300	550	351,325	151,210	200,120	90	45	45
65 to 69 years	50	25	30	99,325	46,730	52,595	30	15	20
70 to 74 years	90	35	55	86,030	39,185	46,845	25	20	10
75 to 79 years	130	45	90	63,215	27,320	35,895	20	5	10
80 to 84 years	180	75	105	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	5	5
85 years and over	395	125	270	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	200	65	135	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	155	50	110	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	40	10	30	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5.7	5.7	5.1	15.5	16.1	14.8	14.9	16.7	13.0
15 to 64 years	29.8	37.7	23.7	67.0	68.5	65.6	63.8	64.6	63.0
65 years and over	64.9	56.6	70.5	17.5	15.4	19.6	19.1	18.8	19.6
85 years and over	30.2	23.6	34.6	2.8	1.9	3.6	1.1	0.0	2.2
Average age of the population	67.3	63.7	69.7	41.0	39.8	42.1	42.4	40.8	44.2
Median age of the population	77.5	72.0	79.5	39.6	38.4	40.4	42.8	38.4	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	670	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
Single-detached house	15	...	...	100,615	...	...	30	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	32,530	...	...	105	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	105	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	315	...	...	479,885	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	230	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	675	...	...	910,355	...	...	130	...	...
1 person	415	...	...	367,400	...	...	10	...	...
2 persons	195	...	...	271,730	...	...	30	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	118,205	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	98,205	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	54,820	...	...	35	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,035	450	585	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	470	240	225
Average household size	1.5	...	...	2.2	...	...	3.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,235	500	740	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	395	200	195
Married or living common-law	465	230	235	822,440	414,330	408,115	210	105	105
Married	325	160	170	577,060	289,455	287,600	190	95	95
Living common-law	140	75	70	245,385	124,870	120,510	20	15	10
Living common law - Never married	105	50	55	207,040	104,785	102,250	20	10	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	25	15	10	32,295	16,915	15,380	0	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	10	5	5	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	770	270	500	872,060	410,935	461,125	185	100	90
Not married and not living common law - Never married	380	170	210	627,845	333,150	294,700	140	85	50
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	10	34,795	14,820	19,975	15	0	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	80	20	65	126,605	46,380	80,225	20	10	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	295	75	220	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	0	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	230	...	...	495,445	...	...	135	...	...
2 persons	170	...	...	251,075	...	...	55	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	107,265	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	93,300	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.4	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	225	...	...	495,445	...	...	135	...	...
Total couple families	195	...	...	395,645	...	...	100	...	...
Married couples	130	...	...	273,070	...	...	90	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	162,745	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	105	...	...	110,325	...	...	40	...	...
Common-law couples	65	...	...	122,570	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	77,700	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	99,805	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	80,530	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,035	450	585	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	470	240	225
Total - Persons in census families	555	260	295	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	415	215	200
Married spouses or common-law partners	395	200	195	791,280	398,495	392,785	205	100	100
Parents in one-parent families	35	5	25	99,805	19,275	80,525	30	5	25
Children⁶	130	55	70	541,905	284,935	256,965	180	105	70
In a two-parent family	80	30	50	392,250	205,155	187,095	120	65	50
In a one-parent family	45	25	25	149,655	79,785	69,865	60	40	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	480	190	295	526,370	262,915	263,450	50	25	25
Living alone	415	155	255	367,395	175,660	191,740	10	5	10
Living with other relatives⁷	20	5	10	49,280	22,020	27,255	35	15	20
Living with non-relatives only	50	25	25	109,690	65,235	44,455	5	5	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	130	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	225	...	...	455,970	...	...	80	...	...
Couple-family households	195	...	...	370,250	...	...	65	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...	194,165	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	150	...	...	176,085	...	...	25	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	85,720	...	...	10	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	25	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	30	...	...	55,210	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	415	...	...	367,395	...	...	10	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	965	420	540	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	395	200	190
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	950	420	535	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	385	195	185
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	46,800	40,000	37,600	39,600	36,000	30,800	28,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	950	420	535	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	385	195	185
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	40,800	35,600	34,000	35,200	32,800	28,400	26,600	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	840	370	475	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	305	160	145
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,400	29,400	31,000	35,200	27,000	22,600	19,400	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	200	185	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	260	135	120
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,800	29,800	20,600	32,800	36,000	29,600	29,000	28,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	870	380	495	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	335	165	170
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	16,600	16,200	17,000	10,800	9,600	12,000	15,100	15,300	14,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50	30	20	171,705	84,570	87,145	55	30	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,120	5,640	4,440	5,520	5,480	5,680	6,000	4,800	7,150
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115	70	45	529,640	276,110	253,530	150	90	60
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,000	12,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	900	370	530	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	435	215	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	885	370	515	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	425	210	215
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,200	47,000	49,200	53,250	60,050	46,760	38,200	36,800	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	885	370	515	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	425	210	215
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	38,800	41,400	42,520	46,280	38,960	33,600	31,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	770	305	465	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	335	165	165
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,200	36,600	48,960	57,350	40,640	32,200	32,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	365	185	185	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	295	145	145
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,800	31,000	24,600	48,760	55,650	41,480	34,000	35,000	33,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	810	325	485	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	370	170	200
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	16,080	14,250	17,300	12,040	10,900	13,040	15,150	14,700	15,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65	15	40	171,360	84,435	86,925	70	35	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	7,000	5,800	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,400	5,200	7,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	135	75	60	528,305	276,300	252,005	185	120	70
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	8,800	10,800	9,110	9,140	9,070	10,500	11,000	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	900	370	530	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	215	215
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	125	70	55	514,340	278,505	235,830	120	55	70
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	52,000	49,200	60,000	63,600	56,000	44,800	75,000	40,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,000	60,000	48,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	53,000	60,000	46,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	155	75	75	504,455	247,565	256,895	145	70	75
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,500	11,800	17,000	16,400	17,400	15,500	16,200	10,300	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	18,500	21,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	20,800	18,500	23,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	69.6	73.0	66.5	81.2	85.6	75.6	65.5	68.0	63.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	24.0	33.0	17.6	66.8	71.0	61.3	61.0	66.0	58.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.6	26.6	33.2	18.9	14.4	24.4	34.4	32.0	37.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.6	2.0	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	4.6	3.6	6.4	5.9	7.0	13.3	17.6	9.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.1	3.8	2.6	5.7	5.4	6.0	12.0	16.5	8.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	960	420	540	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	395	200	195
Without total income	10	0	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	10	5	10
With total income	950	420	530	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	380	195	190
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	15	15	138,250	65,670	72,580	35	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	115	55	55	200,450	93,060	107,390	70	40	30
$20,000 to $29,999	150	50	95	286,825	131,235	155,595	85	45	35
$30,000 to $39,999	155	55	100	215,455	102,705	112,755	60	30	25
$40,000 to $49,999	115	55	60	181,505	86,460	95,040	35	10	25
$50,000 to $59,999	125	50	75	138,185	64,805	73,380	35	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	70	35	35	100,060	48,510	51,550	20	10	15
$70,000 to $79,999	75	40	35	74,165	37,625	36,540	20	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	35	20	15	58,400	30,060	28,335	10	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	30	20	10	42,240	22,360	19,875	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	55	35	25	149,555	92,680	56,875	10	5	5
$100,000 to $149,999	45	25	20	90,980	53,275	37,705	10	0	5
$150,000 and over	15	10	5	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	960	420	540	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	395	200	195
Without after-tax income	10	0	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	10	5	10
With after-tax income	950	420	530	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	380	195	190
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	15	20	144,275	67,955	76,320	35	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	120	60	55	210,975	98,495	112,480	80	45	35
$20,000 to $29,999	170	60	115	334,395	155,845	178,545	100	60	40
$30,000 to $39,999	190	70	120	257,145	124,835	132,315	60	20	35
$40,000 to $49,999	175	75	100	204,980	97,805	107,175	40	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	115	60	60	139,760	67,315	72,450	40	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	65	35	25	93,705	46,700	47,005	15	15	5
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	15	61,765	31,815	29,945	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	20	10	5	73,695	48,025	25,665	5	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	10	10	5	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	960	420	540	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	395	200	195
Without employment income	575	215	355	495,060	212,405	282,660	135	65	75
With employment income	390	205	185	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	260	140	125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	120	55	65	167,560	82,405	85,155	45	20	20
$5,000 to $9,999	25	15	15	111,575	52,975	58,595	35	20	10
$10,000 to $19,999	35	20	15	151,350	72,815	78,530	35	15	15
$20,000 to $29,999	25	15	10	116,030	56,295	59,730	25	10	15
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	30	20	15
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	20	104,250	51,950	52,300	25	10	15
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	20	84,485	42,940	41,540	30	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	15	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	20	15	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	10	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	46,000	24,150	21,850	10	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	5	31,345	18,120	13,230	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	20	10	5	115,575	74,545	41,030	10	5	5
$100,000 to $124,999	10	10	5	47,525	28,870	18,655	5	0	5
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	965	420	540	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	395	200	190
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	945	415	530	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	370	190	180
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,000	38,000	34,000	36,400	31,800	26,000	22,800	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	945	415	530	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	370	190	180
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	33,600	31,000	32,800	29,400	24,600	21,600	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	830	365	475	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	295	155	140
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,000	27,800	32,000	36,000	28,200	27,600	22,800	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	395	210	190	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	255	140	120
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,800	26,400	22,000	33,600	36,800	30,400	30,000	25,400	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	855	360	495	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	305	150	155
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	15,300	15,000	15,900	4,440	2,760	7,300	8,200	5,000	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	25	15	114,940	56,080	58,855	35	20	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	7,000	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,700	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	900	370	530	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	435	215	220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	880	365	515	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	410	200	210
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	46,000	47,400	50,000	57,050	43,280	33,400	33,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	880	365	515	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	410	200	210
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	37,400	39,200	39,800	43,800	35,920	29,800	28,800	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	760	300	455	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	330	170	160
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,500	42,800	37,200	49,080	57,750	40,560	31,500	32,400	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	190	175	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	295	155	145
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,900	30,400	25,200	48,720	55,750	41,240	33,200	34,500	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	820	330	490	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	335	150	185
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	13,600	11,360	15,100	8,250	6,740	9,510	9,960	7,200	12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	40	0	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	7,000	...	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	900	370	530	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	215	215
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	70	55	507,645	274,575	233,070	115	55	65
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,000	52,000	35,200	54,400	58,400	50,400	34,800	63,600	32,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,000	58,000	42,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	45,000	60,000	33,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145	70	70	462,020	227,495	234,530	130	65	70
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	22,800	25,400	21,800	23,200	20,400	21,800	16,600	30,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	25,000	23,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	28,800	22,000	36,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	73.2	78.0	70.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	76.0	84.0	68.0
Employment income (%)	24.6	34.5	18.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	72.0	78.0	64.0
Government transfers (%)	27.0	22.4	30.2	12.8	8.6	18.2	24.2	16.5	31.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	2.0	x	3.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	675	...	...	910,355	...	...	130	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	66,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	415	...	...	367,395	...	...	10	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	34,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	260	...	...	542,960	...	...	120	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	74,100	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	435	...	...	367,255	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,400	...	...	49,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	40,640	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	210	...	...	543,100	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	96,700	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	670	...	...	910,355	...	...	130	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...	25,730	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	57,720	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	41,160	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	40,595	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	40	...	...	41,545	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	42,630	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	40,980	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	65	...	...	75,485	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	55	...	...	67,695	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55	...	...	60,495	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	50	...	...	54,055	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	50	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	125	...	...	270,265	...	...	70	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	45	...	...	85,635	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40	...	...	56,205	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	30	...	...	62,095	...	...	15	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	66,335	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	670	...	...	910,355	...	...	130	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	40	...	...	27,485	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50	...	...	63,030	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	45	...	...	49,660	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45	...	...	48,815	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	55	...	...	51,055	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	50	...	...	50,890	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	35	...	...	47,120	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	80	...	...	85,490	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	60	...	...	75,625	...	...	5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55	...	...	65,530	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	45	...	...	54,850	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	30	...	...	45,065	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	75	...	...	197,490	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	40	...	...	78,870	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	45,905	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	72,715	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	235	...	...	501,830	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.4	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	150	...	...	179,195	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	55,600	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	208,260	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	95,875	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	59,600	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	465	185	285	477,085	240,895	236,195	20	10	10
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	44,000	42,000	34,400	34,800	34,000	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	38,400	37,200	31,200	31,200	31,200	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	200	...	...	501,905	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	98,700	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	115	...	...	179,455	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	72,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	208,375	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	128,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	95,455	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	470	165	305	476,520	240,280	236,245	20	15	0
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,000	52,000	53,200	45,520	46,520	44,560	32,000	36,000	...
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,400	42,000	44,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	28,000	32,000	...
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,035	455	580	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	465	240	230
0 to 17 years	85	30	55	365,020	186,710	178,315	90	45	40
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	25	15	15
18 to 64 years	370	200	175	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	280	150	135
65 years and over	580	225	355	317,425	140,270	177,155	90	45	45
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	165	80	80	321,885	154,370	167,510	30	20	15
0 to 17 years	15	5	5	54,265	27,870	26,395	5	5	0
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	75	50	25	197,020	99,310	97,710	15	10	5
65 years and over	70	25	50	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.7	18.0	14.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	6.8	8.5	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	x	12.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	21.0	26.0	15.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	4.0	5.0	x
65 years and over (%)	12.4	10.0	13.6	22.2	19.4	24.5	14.0	16.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,035	450	585	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	470	240	225
0 to 17 years	80	30	50	365,025	186,705	178,315	90	50	45
0 to 5 years	25	10	10	120,610	61,615	58,995	25	15	10
18 to 64 years	375	195	175	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	285	145	135
65 years and over	580	225	355	317,425	140,265	177,155	95	45	50
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	105	60	45	213,720	108,905	104,815	20	15	5
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	10	5	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	65	45	20	153,385	81,765	71,620	10	5	5
65 years and over	35	15	25	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.2	12.8	8.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	3.6	5.0	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	17.5	22.0	13.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	5.6	5.0	6.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,035	455	580	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	470	240	230
In bottom half of the distribution	635	255	375	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	235	125	115
In bottom decile	140	75	65	298,540	147,890	150,655	30	20	5
In second decile	110	40	65	244,435	115,985	128,450	25	10	10
In third decile	130	40	85	240,895	116,550	124,345	65	30	35
In fourth decile	150	60	90	218,125	105,885	112,240	50	30	25
In fifth decile	110	45	65	194,765	95,185	99,580	75	40	40
In top half of the distribution	400	195	205	762,590	384,140	378,450	230	120	115
In sixth decile	135	60	70	172,200	85,100	87,095	70	35	40
In seventh decile	95	45	50	156,540	78,290	78,250	60	30	30
In eighth decile	75	35	40	144,120	72,600	71,525	60	35	25
In ninth decile	60	35	25	134,265	68,285	65,980	40	20	20
In top decile	35	20	20	155,465	79,870	75,595	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,035	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.217	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.368	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.189	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	4.1	...	...	2.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,035	450	585	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	470	240	225
English only	5	5	5	262,290	133,690	128,600	15	10	10
French only	485	180	310	486,845	221,005	265,840	220	110	115
English and French	535	265	270	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	205	115	90
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	45,860	18,340	27,520	25	5	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,035	450	585	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	470	240	225
English	45	25	20	605,220	303,380	301,835	65	35	30
French	945	405	540	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	340	180	160
English and French	45	20	20	173,785	88,480	85,300	40	25	15
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	44,430	17,640	26,790	25	5	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,035	450	585	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	470	240	225
Single responses	1,000	435	560	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	435	225	215
Official languages	895	395	505	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	200	110	90
English	25	15	15	322,315	162,085	160,230	20	10	10
French	865	375	490	870,975	428,435	442,540	175	105	75
Non-official languages	105	45	55	643,275	311,525	331,750	240	115	125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	105	45	55	642,820	311,370	331,445	240	115	125
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	129,195	68,395	60,805	15	5	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	15	10	112,200	59,320	52,880	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	20	15	10	107,605	56,960	50,645	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	50	15	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	45	20	25
Vietnamese	5	5	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	85	40	45
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	60	30	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	25	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	30	35	329,415	158,980	170,435	65	35	35
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	10	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	10	0	5
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	10	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	35	183,755	87,295	96,460	55	30	30
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	40	25	20
Portuguese	15	5	10	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	30	10	20	85,395	41,150	44,250	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	10	57,075	26,030	31,035	20	10	10
Chinese languages	10	5	10	56,890	25,955	30,935	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	10	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	15	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	10	20	143,450	71,980	71,470	30	15	15
English and French	20	5	15	42,695	21,750	20,940	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,035	450	585	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	470	240	225
English	30	15	15	340,470	170,050	170,425	35	15	20
French	825	355	465	779,125	383,000	396,125	135	65	65
Non-official language	30	10	20	204,395	96,705	107,690	65	30	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	10	20	204,315	96,670	107,645	65	30	35
English and French	60	30	35	173,135	89,205	83,935	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	135,390	66,995	68,400	10	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	180,900	85,935	94,965	145	75	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	50	30	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,035	450	585	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	470	240	225
Single responses	1,000	440	565	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	375	190	185
Official languages	940	415	530	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	260	140	125
English	40	20	20	479,850	239,270	240,580	45	25	25
French	900	390	510	956,130	471,155	484,975	210	115	95
Non-official languages	60	25	35	370,290	177,955	192,335	110	50	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	25	35	370,125	177,895	192,235	110	50	65
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	5	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	5	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	5	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	30	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	30	10	15
Vietnamese	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	30	15	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	25	15	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	20	188,550	90,370	98,185	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	10	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	10	0	5
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	10	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	10	20	95,835	44,515	51,315	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	10	5	5
Portuguese	10	5	10	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	15	54,335	26,035	28,300	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	43,570	20,275	23,295	15	5	5
Chinese languages	5	0	5	43,475	20,230	23,240	15	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	20	173,745	85,640	88,110	95	50	45
English and French	15	10	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	65	35	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,035	450	585	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	470	240	225
None	910	395	520	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	305	150	155
English	45	20	25	131,630	67,290	64,340	25	20	5
French	30	15	15	126,780	62,180	64,600	35	15	25
Non-official language	30	15	15	144,335	69,210	75,130	75	40	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15	144,155	69,135	75,015	75	40	35
English and French	0	5	0	34,410	17,320	17,090	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	10	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	990	415	575	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	540	285	255
Official languages	980	405	575	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	490	265	225
English	515	250	270	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	225	135	100
French	960	385	575	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	490	265	225
Non-official languages	215	100	115	971,455	471,755	499,700	460	230	225
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	215	100	115	970,710	471,495	499,220	460	230	225
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	55	35	217,295	113,605	103,690	35	25	0
Berber languages	10	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	90	55	35	205,120	107,210	97,905	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	90	55	35	188,115	98,545	89,565	10	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	110	45	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	105	45	60
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	185	105	85
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	175	95	85
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	65	45	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	100	40	65	514,485	250,190	264,295	75	35	45
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	30	65	324,695	154,360	170,340	75	35	45
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	20	15	10	107,285	51,300	55,985	45	25	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	80	25	55	193,835	91,345	102,490	35	15	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	15	68,485	31,760	36,720	60	35	25
Chinese languages	20	0	15	68,285	31,685	36,595	60	35	25
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	0	15	51,885	23,845	28,040	15	15	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	50	25	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	990	410	580	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	540	290	255
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	990	410	580	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	540	290	255
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	990	410	580	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	540	290	255
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	990	410	580	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	540	290	255
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
Owner	75	...	...	360,125	...	...	140	...	...
Renter	575	...	...	550,240	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
Condominium	40	...	...	192,985	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	610	...	...	717,375	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	320	...	...	267,715	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	210	...	...	303,875	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	75	...	...	220,945	...	...	70	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20	...	...	98,090	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	495	...	...	501,570	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	100	...	...	166,230	...	...	10	...	...
6 rooms	40	...	...	78,495	...	...	25	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	58,850	...	...	55	...	...
8 or more rooms	15	...	...	105,210	...	...	50	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.8	...	...	4.7	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
One person or fewer per room	640	...	...	881,730	...	...	130	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
Suitable	640	...	...	834,885	...	...	125	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	75,475	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
1960 or before	145	...	...	325,005	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	100	...	...	282,605	...	...	10	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	101,185	...	...	95	...	...
1991 to 2000	20	...	...	63,765	...	...	15	...	...
2001 to 2005	20	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	160	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	60	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	125	...	...	37,590	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	640	...	...	833,540	...	...	135	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	76,815	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
One-maintainer household	515	...	...	543,605	...	...	40	...	...
Two-maintainer household	130	...	...	333,140	...	...	70	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	33,620	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	40	...	...	162,375	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	65	...	...	171,535	...	...	25	...	...
45 to 54 years	60	...	...	155,520	...	...	20	...	...
55 to 64 years	55	...	...	156,865	...	...	45	...	...
65 to 74 years	70	...	...	122,825	...	...	45	...	...
75 to 84 years	160	...	...	70,345	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	190	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	650	...	...	902,485	...	...	150	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	295	...	...	686,075	...	...	140	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	350	...	...	216,410	...	...	0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	320	...	...	189,795	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	645	...	...	910,360	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	365	...	...	330,635	...	...	50	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	350	...	...	186,350	...	...	10	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	56,480	...	...	25	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	50,745	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	275	...	...	579,720	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	615	...	...	875,865	...	...	150	...	...
In core need	50	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	570	...	...	787,925	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	75	...	...	360,120	...	...	140	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.7	...	...	60.0	...	...	64.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.7	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,140	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	420,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	352,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	420,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	350,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	570	...	...	550,235	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.1	...	...	8.4	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	57.9	...	...	28.4	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.3	...	...	14.6	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,940	...	...	890	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,850	...	...	987	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	990	410	580	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	540	285	255
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	20	10	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	20	10	10
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	0	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	0	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	985	410	570	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	525	275	250
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	990	415	580	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	540	285	255
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	895	370	530	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	485	255	230
Canadian citizens aged under 18	70	30	40	322,965	164,980	157,985	115	80	35
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	825	335	490	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	365	175	195
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	95	45	50	313,410	160,530	152,885	55	30	30
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	990	415	580	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	540	285	255
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	795	330	465	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	230	145	90
Immigrants⁸¹	190	80	115	652,730	313,955	338,770	300	145	160
Before 1980	30	15	15	108,265	50,530	57,735	20	10	10
1980 to 1990	15	0	10	69,695	34,150	35,545	155	55	95
1991 to 2000	25	15	20	106,810	50,520	56,290	25	10	15
2001 to 2010	35	15	20	154,780	74,520	80,255	65	40	25
2011 to 2021⁸²	90	40	50	213,175	104,225	108,950	45	35	10
2011 to 2015	25	10	15	99,070	48,005	51,065	30	20	10
2016 to 2021	70	35	35	114,110	56,220	57,885	15	15	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	138,240	75,380	62,860	10	0	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	190	80	115	652,725	313,955	338,770	300	145	160
Under 5 years	15	0	10	52,990	26,810	26,180	15	10	10
5 to 14 years	55	20	35	103,285	51,965	51,320	70	35	40
15 to 24 years	15	10	10	118,475	53,035	65,440	55	20	35
25 to 44 years	100	40	65	326,320	158,620	167,700	140	75	60
45 years and over	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	20	0	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	190	80	115	652,725	313,955	338,770	300	145	160
Americas	50	10	35	137,955	63,465	74,485	155	75	75
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	48,570	21,555	27,015	140	75	65
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	20	0	15	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	35	15	25	158,795	76,610	82,190	20	10	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	15	0	10	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	15	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	30	15	15	152,205	77,515	74,690	30	20	15
Algeria	10	0	10	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	10	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	75	40	35	202,715	95,775	106,935	100	40	60
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	25	30	25,115	11,780	13,335	90	35	55
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	70	30	40	114,110	56,220	57,885	15	15	0
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	15	15	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	15	15	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	10	0	10	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	55	25	30	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	990	415	575	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	540	285	255
First generation¹⁰⁰	205	95	110	813,905	400,325	413,580	320	150	170
Second generation¹⁰¹	90	45	55	424,225	212,755	211,475	190	120	75
Third generation or more¹⁰²	695	275	415	721,230	352,590	368,630	30	15	15
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	165	70	95	544,455	263,425	281,040	285	135	150
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	100	45	55	303,105	155,090	148,020	85	40	40
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	35	25	10	151,015	87,200	63,815	50	25	20
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	65	20	45	152,090	67,890	84,205	40	15	25
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30	10	20	146,645	59,645	87,000	110	55	50
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	15	15	85,165	44,145	41,025	95	35	60
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	165	70	95	544,455	263,425	281,040	285	135	150
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	20	53,655	28,340	25,310	10	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	25	15	10	56,685	26,490	30,195	20	10	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	15	10	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	110	40	65	387,815	184,015	203,795	235	110	125
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	990	410	580	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	540	290	255
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	200	85	120	737,510	363,785	373,725	460	245	215
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	35	10	25	208,805	101,125	107,680	255	150	110
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	75	40	35	151,890	79,375	72,515	10	10	0
Latin American	55	15	40	82,550	40,580	41,970	35	15	20
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	140	60	80
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	15	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	785	330	460	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	85	45	40
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	990	415	580	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	540	285	255
Canadian	245	85	160	241,015	115,880	125,135	0	0	0
English	20	10	10	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	40	30	15	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0
Scottish	25	25	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	290	130	165	336,880	169,710	167,170	15	10	10
German	30	10	15	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	20	10	15	74,630	34,410	40,220	90	45	40
Italian	55	40	15	156,025	76,485	79,535	35	15	20
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	110	50	60	108,910	54,650	54,260	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	60	20	30	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	0	10	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	20	0	15	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	15	10	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	35	10	25
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	10	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	10	10	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	10	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	15	0	15	82,590	38,735	43,855	225	135	90
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	20	0	15	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	20	10	10	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	85	30	45
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	25	10	20	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	990	410	580	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	540	285	255
Buddhist	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	115	45	70
Christian	685	230	455	969,945	451,410	518,540	320	175	140
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	25	10	15	116,635	55,545	61,090	155	95	60
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	10	0	0
Catholic	635	215	425	675,695	314,690	361,010	110	50	65
Christian Orthodox	10	0	10	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	10	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	20	10	10
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	85	50	35	233,440	121,145	112,290	40	25	15
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	210	120	85	590,140	310,985	279,165	70	35	30
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	990	415	580	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	535	280	255
Non-movers	885	370	515	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	505	260	240
Movers	105	40	65	255,365	129,500	125,865	35	25	10
Non-migrants	85	30	50	186,805	94,745	92,055	35	25	10
Migrants	20	10	15	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	15	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	970	400	570	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	505	265	240
Non-movers	475	185	290	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	370	185	185
Movers	490	210	280	821,475	413,250	408,230	140	80	60
Non-migrants	295	120	180	433,700	216,030	217,670	125	75	50
Migrants	195	95	100	387,770	197,215	190,560	15	0	10
Internal migrants	125	55	65	190,035	93,955	96,075	10	0	10
Intraprovincial migrants	115	55	65	159,710	78,770	80,940	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	75	40	35	197,735	103,260	94,485	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	900	370	530	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	215	215
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	180	60	120	274,820	136,500	138,320	170	90	80
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	715	310	410	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	260	120	135
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	345	185	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	270	130	150
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	20	30	121,295	65,950	55,345	80	45	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	295	165	130	975,700	481,690	494,005	195	80	115
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	900	370	530	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	215	220
No certificate, diploma or degree	155	40	110	247,460	120,840	126,625	145	70	75
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	160	55	110	319,755	162,520	157,240	90	55	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	580	275	305	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	205	90	115
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	300	155	145	473,060	232,855	240,210	165	80	90
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	90	40	50	146,170	81,740	64,425	80	35	45
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	75	35	40	106,110	54,025	52,085	60	25	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	10	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	20	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	135	80	60	260,845	122,345	138,495	80	35	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75	30	45	66,045	28,760	37,285	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	285	115	165	609,855	291,355	318,505	40	10	20
Bachelor's degree	175	75	100	344,605	160,320	184,285	30	10	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	10	20	58,945	27,280	31,665	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	10	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	65	20	50	159,510	78,325	81,190	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	340	185	160	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	275	125	145
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	15	25	102,815	55,805	47,015	50	25	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	40	20	20	162,205	88,420	73,785	40	20	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	265	145	115	831,975	403,420	428,555	180	85	100
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130	75	55	333,160	167,260	165,895	155	70	85
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	15	20	110,390	60,690	49,700	70	30	40
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	10	15	81,090	40,585	40,505	50	15	35
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	10	29,300	20,105	9,195	20	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	45	25	174,185	84,745	89,445	70	30	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	10	10	48,580	21,830	26,755	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	130	70	65	498,815	236,155	262,665	30	15	15
Bachelor's degree	90	55	35	276,640	128,890	147,745	25	15	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	35	15	15	137,150	66,720	70,430	0	0	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	900	365	530	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	435	215	220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	320	100	225	567,220	283,355	283,860	230	125	105
Education	50	10	35	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	0
13. Education	50	10	35	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	0	0	0
Humanities	65	40	25	78,920	30,815	48,110	25	0	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	20	10	28,165	11,870	16,295	20	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	20	15	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	80	15	65	157,220	58,185	99,040	10	0	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	30	0	30	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	20	10	15	59,300	29,185	30,110	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	155	60	95	248,895	110,950	137,945	35	10	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	25	0	20	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	130	55	75	237,125	108,040	129,090	35	10	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	15	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	20	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	60	60	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	35	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	20	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	25	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	15	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	75	35	45	122,295	30,795	91,495	45	15	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65	20	45	109,185	24,140	85,045	45	15	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	15	25	42,230	22,590	19,640	35	15	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	0	15	26,800	9,745	17,060	20	10	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	345	190	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	275	125	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	80	40	40	265,025	144,230	120,800	90	45	45
Education	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
13. Education	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	10	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	10	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	30	25	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	25	0	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	15	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	15	30	121,985	44,105	77,880	15	0	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	20	0	20	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	60	25	35	199,525	87,920	111,600	40	15	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	25	35	190,410	85,600	104,810	40	15	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	25	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	30	25	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	15	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	10	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	15	15	92,595	23,265	69,330	40	15	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	15	82,410	18,370	64,045	40	15	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	10	15	32,910	17,695	15,220	30	15	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	15	20,670	7,455	13,220	20	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	10	10	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	345	190	155	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	275	125	145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	80	40	40	265,025	144,230	120,800	90	45	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	260	145	115	831,975	403,415	428,560	185	80	105
Location of study inside Canada	205	125	85	598,455	286,340	312,115	160	70	90
Same as province or territory of residence	195	115	85	566,540	270,160	296,380	155	65	90
Different than province or territory of residence	10	10	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	55	20	35	233,520	117,075	116,445	25	10	15
Americas	10	0	10	41,560	21,015	20,550	10	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	10	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	10	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	15	15	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	900	370	530	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	435	215	220
In the labour force	300	160	145	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	275	150	130
Employed	270	135	135	971,245	502,885	468,360	250	135	115
Unemployed	35	20	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	30	15	10
Not in the labour force	600	210	385	568,495	246,215	322,280	160	65	90
Participation rate	33.3	43.2	27.4	65.5	69.5	61.8	63.2	69.8	59.1
Employment rate	30.0	36.5	25.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	57.5	62.8	52.3
Unemployment rate	11.7	12.5	6.9	10.2	10.4	10.0	10.9	10.0	7.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	900	365	530	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	435	215	220
Did not work¹⁸⁶	615	215	400	582,470	253,075	329,400	155	80	75
Worked	285	150	130	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	280	135	145
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	125	75	55	529,400	287,950	241,450	120	60	65
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	155	80	80	538,265	266,540	271,725	155	80	75
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	40.4	44.4	39.7	40.2	39.3	40.6	40.4	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	300	160	145	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	275	150	125
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	275	145	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	270	150	120
Employee	240	130	105	907,745	457,830	449,915	250	135	115
Permanent position	180	105	80	741,830	380,445	361,385	200	105	95
Temporary position	55	30	30	165,915	77,385	88,530	45	30	20
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	0	15	69,690	31,285	38,405	25	10	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	30	10	96,225	46,100	50,120	25	15	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	35	15	25	142,380	88,145	54,230	20	15	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	300	160	145	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	275	150	125
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	275	145	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	270	150	120
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	65	35	25	207,660	79,975	127,685	20	10	20
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	35	35	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	10	10	0
3 Health occupations	25	0	15	85,545	21,700	63,845	55	15	40
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50	15	40	140,500	46,385	94,115	15	0	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	85	30	55	263,055	135,300	127,750	115	65	45
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15	15	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	30	30	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	15	15	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	300	160	145	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	275	150	125
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	10	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	275	145	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	270	150	120
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	10	10	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	35	20	10
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	10	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	40	15	20	111,555	56,180	55,375	45	25	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	10	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	25	0	130,405	75,750	54,655	15	15	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	20	15	49,530	29,800	19,735	20	10	10
61 Educational services	25	0	20	95,290	34,510	60,780	15	10	0
62 Health care and social assistance	75	20	60	142,545	36,095	106,450	75	15	60
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	20	20	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	0	0	0
91 Public administration	20	15	10	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	300	165	135	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	305	160	145
English	15	10	10	201,310	110,165	91,150	0	0	0
French	180	100	80	416,430	206,170	210,265	215	110	105
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	90	60	30	473,485	249,700	223,785	70	30	40
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	300	165	135	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	305	160	145
Single responses	260	135	125	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	270	140	125
Official languages	260	135	125	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	265	135	125
English	25	10	15	361,715	194,885	166,835	15	0	10
French	235	125	115	645,885	327,180	318,705	250	130	120
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	35	10	126,180	65,940	60,240	35	20	15
English and French	40	35	10	116,535	60,925	55,605	35	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	300	165	135	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	305	160	145
None	240	140	95	743,180	381,875	361,305	245	125	115
English	45	25	20	219,885	116,455	103,430	25	10	15
French	0	0	0	149,470	78,495	70,975	15	0	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	15	15	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	15	15	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	270	135	130	971,245	502,885	468,360	250	135	115
Worked at home	75	40	30	298,820	151,335	147,485	30	15	15
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	25	20	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	35	25	0
Usual place of work	165	70	95	580,035	286,695	293,340	190	95	95
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	170	70	95	580,035	286,695	293,340	190	90	95
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	140	55	85	427,475	202,010	225,465	135	65	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	20	10	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	15	10	58,865	35,690	23,175	30	15	15
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	190	95	95	669,150	349,485	319,665	220	120	100
Car, truck or van	95	50	45	395,615	229,315	166,300	145	90	55
Car, truck or van - as a driver	90	50	40	365,770	218,475	147,295	135	85	50
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	10	0	0
Public transit	90	40	45	177,860	74,605	103,260	60	20	40
Walked	10	0	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	190	95	95	669,150	349,485	319,665	220	120	100
Less than 15 minutes	20	0	10	125,240	61,185	64,055	25	10	10
15 to 29 minutes	55	30	30	241,005	129,590	111,420	65	40	25
30 to 44 minutes	30	10	25	176,925	96,710	80,215	70	35	35
45 to 59 minutes	45	20	25	67,635	33,110	34,530	25	15	0
60 minutes and over	30	20	15	58,350	28,905	29,445	45	15	30
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	190	95	95	669,150	349,485	319,665	220	120	100
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	20	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	30	20	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40	25	20	95,270	56,280	38,990	60	35	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	0	30	166,695	79,410	87,280	50	15	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	40	25	15	149,185	68,865	80,320	10	0	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	0	15	106,855	50,615	56,240	15	15	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	15	20	112,350	65,830	46,520	55	40	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	85	30	50	371,310	189,920	181,390	95	50	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	10	10	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	30	45	262,245	133,605	128,640	85	45	40
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	55	20	40	264,905	135,505	129,395	70	35	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	5	0	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	15	35	182,020	92,755	89,270	60	35	30

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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