Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661703More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24662832More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24661284More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	726	...	...	447	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	260	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	327	...	...	146	...	...	976,966	...	...	249	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	311	...	...	145	...	...	910,359	...	...	175	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	7,461.5	...	...	5,511.7	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	6,018.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.10	...	...	0.08	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	725	305	420	445	220	225	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	260	130	125
0 to 14 years	65	35	35	65	30	35	309,765	158,545	151,225	5	0	5
0 to 4 years	15	15	5	15	5	10	99,195	50,760	48,435	0	0	0
5 to 9 years	25	10	15	20	10	5	106,985	54,660	52,320	0	0	0
10 to 14 years	20	10	10	25	15	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	0	0	0
15 to 64 years	340	150	185	300	155	145	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	245	130	115
15 to 19 years	25	0	20	20	15	10	97,525	49,340	48,180	20	15	10
20 to 24 years	30	15	10	45	25	20	140,025	70,895	69,125	105	45	55
25 to 29 years	35	15	15	20	10	5	165,525	83,630	81,895	55	35	25
30 to 34 years	30	15	20	20	10	10	157,725	78,995	78,730	20	5	15
35 to 39 years	20	10	15	20	5	15	149,265	74,115	75,155	5	0	0
40 to 44 years	40	15	20	25	15	10	142,365	70,920	71,445	0	0	0
45 to 49 years	25	15	10	30	15	15	125,505	62,690	62,815	10	5	0
50 to 54 years	30	15	20	35	25	10	121,710	61,735	59,975	10	5	5
55 to 59 years	50	25	25	35	15	20	125,465	63,810	61,655	5	5	5
60 to 64 years	55	30	30	50	25	25	118,065	57,920	60,140	10	5	5
65 years and over	325	120	205	80	30	50	351,325	151,210	200,120	10	5	5
65 to 69 years	70	25	40	30	10	20	99,325	46,730	52,595	5	0	5
70 to 74 years	50	30	25	25	15	10	86,030	39,185	46,845	0	0	0
75 to 79 years	50	30	25	10	0	10	63,215	27,320	35,895	0	0	0
80 to 84 years	60	20	40	5	0	0	46,875	18,960	27,915	0	0	0
85 years and over	95	20	75	15	0	10	55,885	19,015	36,870	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	45	10	35	5	5	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	40	5	35	5	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	15	0	10	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9.0	11.5	8.3	14.6	13.6	15.6	15.5	16.1	14.8	1.9	0.0	4.0
15 to 64 years	46.9	49.2	44.0	67.4	70.5	64.4	67.0	68.5	65.6	94.2	100.0	92.0
65 years and over	44.8	39.3	48.8	18.0	13.6	22.2	17.5	15.4	19.6	3.8	3.8	4.0
85 years and over	13.1	6.6	17.9	3.4	0.0	4.4	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	56.3	53.2	58.6	43.5	42.0	45.0	41.0	39.8	42.1	30.8	30.8	31.0
Median age of the population	61.6	59.2	64.0	47.6	45.2	48.8	39.6	38.4	40.4	25.0	25.4	24.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	310	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	50	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	100	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	15	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	30	...	...	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	260	...	...	0	...	...	479,885	...	...	150	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	20	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	310	...	...	145	...	...	910,355	...	...	175	...	...
1 person	155	...	...	15	...	...	367,400	...	...	125	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	45	...	...	271,730	...	...	35	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	30	...	...	118,205	...	...	5	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	35	...	...	98,205	...	...	5	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	20	...	...	54,820	...	...	0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	585	270	320	450	220	225	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	250	130	125
Average household size	1.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	660	275	385	385	190	195	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	255	135	125
Married or living common-law	255	125	125	235	120	115	822,440	414,330	408,115	40	20	20
Married	175	85	85	205	100	105	577,060	289,455	287,600	35	20	15
Living common-law	80	40	45	30	15	15	245,385	124,870	120,510	10	5	5
Living common law - Never married	55	25	30	25	10	10	207,040	104,785	102,250	5	5	5
Living common law - Separated	5	0	5	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	20	15	10	10	5	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	5	0	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	410	150	265	150	70	75	872,060	410,935	461,125	215	110	105
Not married and not living common law - Never married	250	105	145	105	60	45	627,845	333,150	294,700	200	105	95
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	10	5	0	0	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	5	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	65	25	40	20	5	10	126,605	46,380	80,225	5	5	0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	80	10	70	25	5	15	82,815	16,590	66,225	5	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	145	...	...	135	...	...	495,445	...	...	25	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	55	...	...	251,075	...	...	15	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	30	...	...	107,265	...	...	0	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	40	...	...	93,300	...	...	5	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	15	...	...	43,810	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	140	...	...	140	...	...	495,445	...	...	25	...	...
Total couple families	115	...	...	115	...	...	395,645	...	...	15	...	...
Married couples	75	...	...	100	...	...	273,070	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...	60	...	...	162,745	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	40	...	...	110,325	...	...	10	...	...
Common-law couples	40	...	...	15	...	...	122,570	...	...	5	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	10	...	...	44,875	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	5	...	...	77,700	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	15	...	...	99,805	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	15	...	...	80,530	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	585	270	320	450	220	225	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	250	130	125
Total - Persons in census families	395	180	210	420	210	210	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	60	25	35
Married spouses or common-law partners	230	115	115	235	120	120	791,280	398,495	392,785	40	20	20
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	20	20	0	15	99,805	19,275	80,525	5	0	5
Children⁶	135	60	70	165	85	75	541,905	284,935	256,965	15	10	10
In a two-parent family	90	45	50	135	70	65	392,250	205,155	187,095	10	0	10
In a one-parent family	40	20	20	30	15	10	149,655	79,785	69,865	5	5	0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	195	85	110	30	10	20	526,370	262,915	263,450	195	105	85
Living alone	155	65	90	10	0	10	367,395	175,660	191,740	125	65	55
Living with other relatives⁷	20	5	10	15	5	10	49,280	22,020	27,255	5	0	5
Living with non-relatives only	25	15	10	0	0	0	109,690	65,235	44,455	60	35	25
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	315	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	175	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	130	...	...	120	...	...	455,970	...	...	25	...	...
Couple-family households	105	...	...	100	...	...	370,250	...	...	20	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	70	...	...	194,165	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	35	...	...	176,085	...	...	15	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	15	...	...	85,720	...	...	5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	10	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	0	...	...	55,210	...	...	25	...	...
One-person households	155	...	...	15	...	...	367,395	...	...	125	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	525	235	290	385	185	195	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	245	130	125
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	515	235	275	370	180	190	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	210	100	110
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	40,400	36,000	41,200	45,200	33,600	37,600	39,600	36,000	22,800	24,800	20,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	515	235	275	370	180	190	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	210	100	110
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	35,200	32,800	36,000	40,000	31,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	22,600	24,600	19,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	440	200	240	340	165	170	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	190	90	100
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,400	28,000	32,400	42,000	25,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	19,400	23,800	14,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	315	145	170	270	135	130	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	160	75	80
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	34,400	38,400	43,200	31,200	32,800	36,000	29,600	11,200	12,800	10,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450	200	245	300	135	160	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	180	80	95
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,400	14,200	14,900	10,300	9,100	10,900	10,800	9,600	12,000	4,440	5,000	4,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50	25	20	40	20	20	171,705	84,570	87,145	10	0	5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,520	6,000	6,000	6,500	x	5,520	5,480	5,680	x	...	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	135	75	60	115	60	55	529,640	276,110	253,530	95	45	50
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	9,500	8,000	6,000	5,760	6,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	5,280	5,240	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	500	215	285	410	215	200	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	270	105	165
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	485	215	270	400	205	190	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	220	85	140
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,400	59,200	48,800	41,000	47,200	34,400	53,250	60,050	46,760	37,200	50,000	29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	485	215	270	400	205	190	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	220	85	140
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	46,800	39,600	35,200	40,000	30,000	42,520	46,280	38,960	32,400	41,000	26,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	200	230	345	180	165	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	205	80	130
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,800	53,200	43,200	37,200	44,000	29,800	48,960	57,350	40,640	32,400	48,000	22,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325	165	165	270	135	135	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	190	70	120
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,000	51,200	50,800	40,800	49,000	32,500	48,760	55,650	41,480	30,400	50,000	19,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	415	180	235	340	155	185	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	180	60	125
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,520	12,500	12,500	10,360	11,000	9,900	12,040	10,900	13,040	8,400	6,400	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40	15	20	25	20	0	171,360	84,435	86,925	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,000	5,200	5,600	6,000	...	6,840	6,065	7,590	...	...	...
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	135	75	60	140	60	80	528,305	276,300	252,005	115	25	85
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,800	9,600	7,400	6,600	8,000	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,200	8,500	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	500	220	285	415	215	200	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	275	110	165
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	150	60	85	135	85	55	514,340	278,505	235,830	55	30	25
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	93,000	66,500	53,200	55,200	52,000	60,000	63,600	56,000	73,000	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,000	88,000	84,000	56,000	58,000	52,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	68,000	72,000	60,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	125	75	55	110	45	65	504,455	247,565	256,895	110	30	75
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	48,400	15,200	21,000	29,600	14,700	16,400	17,400	15,500	8,700	x	7,950
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,600	40,000	20,000	27,200	40,000	18,500	26,920	29,400	24,520	18,000	34,000	11,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	82.0	77.0	78.5	82.0	73.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	82.0	90.0	72.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.0	66.0	64.0	67.0	68.0	66.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	70.0	80.0	58.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	17.6	22.8	21.4	17.5	27.2	18.9	14.4	24.4	18.8	9.5	28.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.8	0.8	1.0	1.4	x	1.4	1.1	1.7	x	...	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	5.8	5.2	7.0	4.6	10.2	6.4	5.9	7.0	12.4	6.0	19.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	5.2	4.4	6.2	4.0	9.5	5.7	5.4	6.0	11.6	5.0	18.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	520	235	285	385	190	195	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	250	130	120
Without total income	15	0	10	15	5	5	65,020	32,205	32,820	35	25	10
With total income	510	235	280	370	180	190	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	215	100	110
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	15	25	35	10	20	138,250	65,670	72,580	40	10	25
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	30	40	10	25	200,450	93,060	107,390	50	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	110	40	65	60	30	35	286,825	131,235	155,595	40	25	15
$30,000 to $39,999	50	30	25	45	20	25	215,455	102,705	112,755	20	10	10
$40,000 to $49,999	55	20	35	50	25	25	181,505	86,460	95,040	25	10	15
$50,000 to $59,999	45	20	25	40	15	20	138,185	64,805	73,380	10	5	0
$60,000 to $69,999	45	20	20	25	15	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	10	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	25	5	15	20	15	5	74,165	37,625	36,540	5	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	20	5	10	15	15	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	15	15	5	10	10	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	45	30	15	25	15	10	149,555	92,680	56,875	10	5	0
$100,000 to $149,999	35	20	10	15	10	5	90,980	53,275	37,705	10	5	0
$150,000 and over	15	10	5	10	5	5	58,575	39,405	19,170	5	5	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	520	235	285	385	190	195	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	250	130	120
Without after-tax income	15	0	10	15	5	5	64,605	32,005	32,605	35	25	10
With after-tax income	510	235	280	370	180	190	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	215	100	110
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	15	25	35	10	25	144,275	67,955	76,320	40	10	25
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	35	40	15	25	210,975	98,495	112,480	55	20	35
$20,000 to $29,999	130	55	80	75	35	40	334,395	155,845	178,545	40	25	15
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	35	60	30	30	257,145	124,835	132,315	20	5	10
$40,000 to $49,999	65	20	40	60	30	30	204,980	97,805	107,175	25	10	15
$50,000 to $59,999	65	30	30	40	20	20	139,760	67,315	72,450	10	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	15	10	0	93,705	46,700	47,005	10	10	0
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	25	10	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	5	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	20	15	5	5	0	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	0	5	5	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	20	10	10	10	10	5	73,695	48,025	25,665	5	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	15	5	5	5	5	5	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	10	5	5	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	520	235	285	385	190	195	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	250	130	120
Without employment income	205	90	120	110	45	65	495,060	212,405	282,660	90	55	40
With employment income	320	150	170	265	140	130	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	160	75	85
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	20	25	40	20	15	167,560	82,405	85,155	50	25	20
$5,000 to $9,999	30	10	20	20	10	10	111,575	52,975	58,595	25	5	15
$10,000 to $19,999	35	10	20	20	5	20	151,350	72,815	78,530	25	10	15
$20,000 to $29,999	25	10	20	35	15	15	116,030	56,295	59,730	10	0	5
$30,000 to $39,999	30	10	20	30	15	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	10	5	10
$40,000 to $49,999	25	10	15	25	15	15	104,250	51,950	52,300	5	0	0
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	10	25	15	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	0	0	0
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	15	25	15	10	66,190	35,045	31,145	10	0	0
$70,000 to $79,999	10	0	5	10	5	0	52,585	28,500	24,080	10	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	20	10	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	10	0	5	31,345	18,120	13,230	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	35	25	15	20	10	10	115,575	74,545	41,030	10	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	0	5	5	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	20	10	10	15	5	5	68,050	45,675	22,375	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	525	235	290	385	185	195	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	245	130	125
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	500	230	265	360	175	185	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	195	95	100
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	36,800	35,200	40,000	46,400	32,400	34,000	36,400	31,800	17,400	20,000	13,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	500	230	265	360	175	185	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	195	95	100
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	33,200	30,200	34,800	40,000	29,400	31,000	32,800	29,400	16,800	20,000	13,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	205	235	325	160	170	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	180	90	95
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,000	30,600	37,600	48,000	31,400	32,000	36,000	28,200	17,400	19,600	14,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	155	170	270	140	135	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	150	70	70
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	37,600	33,200	41,200	50,400	34,400	33,600	36,800	30,400	11,600	14,000	10,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	420	190	230	265	115	150	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	150	75	75
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,600	9,900	7,400	5,600	8,900	4,440	2,760	7,300	1,260	1,210	1,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	45	25	20	35	20	10	114,940	56,080	58,855	5	0	0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,680	x	5,200	4,120	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	500	215	285	410	215	200	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	270	105	165
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	465	210	255	390	200	190	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	205	75	130
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,800	62,800	51,600	38,200	45,200	31,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	31,600	44,000	24,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	465	210	255	390	200	190	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	205	75	130
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,600	48,800	41,200	32,400	38,000	26,600	39,800	43,800	35,920	26,400	35,000	22,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415	195	220	325	165	160	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	175	70	105
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,800	60,400	50,000	39,400	48,000	30,400	49,080	57,750	40,560	33,600	46,000	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	165	165	275	135	140	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	165	65	100
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,600	60,000	57,200	40,400	49,000	32,000	48,720	55,750	41,240	30,400	42,000	23,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	395	170	225	305	145	160	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	175	60	115
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,520	9,300	9,700	7,600	7,900	7,300	8,250	6,740	9,510	2,700	2,500	2,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40	25	0	35	25	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	5,200	...	3,400	4,000	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	...	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	500	220	285	415	215	200	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	275	110	165
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	140	60	80	130	85	45	507,645	274,575	233,070	45	30	0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,000	89,000	71,000	53,200	54,400	47,600	54,400	58,400	50,400	65,000	x	...
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,000	92,000	100,000	55,000	58,000	50,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	66,000	68,000	...
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	115	75	45	105	45	65	462,020	227,495	234,530	95	30	65
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	51,600	25,400	23,200	31,800	22,800	21,800	23,200	20,400	10,600	x	10,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,000	50,000	23,000	30,000	40,000	23,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	16,400	19,000	15,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	88.0	84.0	85.0	88.0	80.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	92.0	95.0	88.0
Employment income (%)	72.0	73.0	71.0	74.0	74.0	76.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	77.0	80.0	74.0
Government transfers (%)	14.1	11.8	16.4	15.4	12.8	20.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	7.2	4.4	10.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.9	x	0.8	1.2	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	x	...	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	310	...	...	145	...	...	910,355	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	28,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	95,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	26,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	155	...	...	15	...	...	367,395	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	x	...	...	38,000	...	...	22,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...	x	...	...	34,000	...	...	22,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	155	...	...	135	...	...	542,960	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	53,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	52,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	305	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	46,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	155	...	...	0	...	...	367,255	...	...	125	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	...	...	...	49,760	...	...	34,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,000	...	...	x	...	...	40,640	...	...	30,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	135	...	...	543,100	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	310	...	...	145	...	...	910,355	...	...	175	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	25,730	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	40	...	...	0	...	...	57,720	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	41,160	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	40,595	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	41,545	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	42,630	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	5	...	...	75,485	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	67,695	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	60,495	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	54,055	...	...	0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	45,830	...	...	0	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	85	...	...	270,265	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	85,635	...	...	5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	56,205	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	30	...	...	35	...	...	62,095	...	...	0	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	15	...	...	66,335	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	310	...	...	145	...	...	910,355	...	...	175	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	27,485	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...	0	...	...	63,030	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	49,660	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	48,815	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	51,055	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	47,120	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	5	...	...	85,490	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	75,625	...	...	5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	65,530	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	54,850	...	...	0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	45,065	...	...	0	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	65	...	...	197,490	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	78,870	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	45,905	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 and over	25	...	...	20	...	...	72,715	...	...	5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	150	...	...	130	...	...	501,830	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	35	...	...	179,195	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	75	...	...	208,260	...	...	5	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	146,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	20	...	...	95,875	...	...	5	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	x	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	x	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	180	80	95	15	5	10	477,085	240,895	236,195	185	105	85
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	36,400	33,200	x	x	x	34,400	34,800	34,000	18,000	16,200	18,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	32,000	29,800	x	x	x	31,200	31,200	31,200	17,000	16,200	18,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	140	...	...	130	...	...	501,905	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	35	...	...	179,455	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	80	...	...	208,375	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	0	...	...	95,455	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	x	...	...	67,100	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	180	60	115	0	0	0	476,520	240,280	236,245	205	90	120
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	50,000	41,000	x	...	...	45,520	46,520	44,560	28,000	38,000	20,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	40,000	34,500	x	...	...	37,600	37,920	37,280	24,800	31,000	19,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	590	265	315	445	220	225	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	255	130	120
0 to 17 years	75	35	40	80	45	40	365,020	186,710	178,315	5	5	5
0 to 5 years	25	15	10	20	10	10	120,615	61,615	58,995	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	325	145	175	280	145	140	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	230	120	115
65 years and over	190	90	105	80	35	50	317,425	140,270	177,155	10	5	10
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	110	50	65	15	5	10	321,885	154,370	167,510	120	70	50
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	0	0	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	50	20	25	5	0	5	197,020	99,310	97,710	115	70	50
65 years and over	55	25	30	10	0	0	70,600	27,185	43,415	0	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.2	18.0	20.0	2.8	2.0	4.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	48.0	56.0	40.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	12.0	x	x	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	15.2	14.0	16.0	x	x	x	15.4	15.6	15.3	50.0	58.0	42.0
65 years and over (%)	29.0	28.0	30.0	8.0	x	x	22.2	19.4	24.5	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	585	270	320	450	220	230	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	250	130	125
0 to 17 years	75	40	40	80	40	35	365,025	186,705	178,315	10	0	5
0 to 5 years	25	15	10	20	5	10	120,610	61,615	58,995	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	320	145	175	285	140	140	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	235	120	115
65 years and over	190	85	100	85	35	50	317,425	140,265	177,155	10	5	5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	60	30	30	5	0	0	213,720	108,905	104,815	125	60	60
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	40	15	20	0	0	0	153,385	81,765	71,620	115	60	60
65 years and over	20	10	5	0	0	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.4	12.0	9.5	x	x	x	10.9	11.3	10.6	48.0	48.0	48.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	12.0	x	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	12.0	11.0	x	x	x	12.0	12.8	11.2	50.0	50.0	50.0
65 years and over (%)	10.0	12.0	8.0	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	590	270	320	445	220	225	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	255	130	125
In bottom half of the distribution	345	150	190	165	75	85	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	195	105	90
In bottom decile	100	50	55	10	0	10	298,540	147,890	150,655	135	70	60
In second decile	60	20	35	30	15	20	244,435	115,985	128,450	20	10	5
In third decile	85	35	45	30	15	15	240,895	116,550	124,345	15	10	10
In fourth decile	50	15	35	55	30	25	218,125	105,885	112,240	10	5	10
In fifth decile	50	30	30	30	15	15	194,765	95,185	99,580	15	10	5
In top half of the distribution	240	115	130	285	145	145	762,590	384,140	378,450	60	25	35
In sixth decile	50	20	30	85	40	40	172,200	85,100	87,095	5	5	0
In seventh decile	45	20	20	80	40	35	156,540	78,290	78,250	5	0	0
In eighth decile	55	35	20	50	25	25	144,120	72,600	71,525	10	0	0
In ninth decile	55	20	30	45	20	25	134,265	68,285	65,980	25	10	15
In top decile	40	20	25	25	10	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	585	...	...	450	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	250	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.360	...	...	0.248	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.580	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.508	...	...	0.350	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.660	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.322	...	...	0.211	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.504	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	2.7	...	...	4.1	...	...	536.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	725	310	420	450	220	230	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	260	135	130
English only	10	5	5	20	10	10	262,290	133,690	128,600	95	55	40
French only	305	110	195	110	45	60	486,845	221,005	265,840	10	0	5
English and French	395	185	210	310	160	150	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	150	70	80
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	10	0	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	725	310	420	450	220	230	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	260	135	130
English	65	20	45	180	90	90	605,220	303,380	301,835	175	85	85
French	605	265	340	225	105	115	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	80	40	40
English and French	35	15	20	30	15	20	173,785	88,480	85,300	5	5	5
Neither English nor French	15	5	10	10	0	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	725	310	420	450	220	230	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	260	135	130
Single responses	690	295	400	405	200	205	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	245	125	120
Official languages	520	220	300	200	105	100	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	150	80	75
English	35	5	30	75	40	35	322,315	162,085	160,230	85	45	40
French	485	210	270	125	65	65	870,975	428,435	442,540	65	30	35
Non-official languages	170	75	100	205	100	105	643,275	311,525	331,750	95	45	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	170	75	100	205	100	105	642,820	311,370	331,445	95	45	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	25	10	15	129,195	68,395	60,805	5	0	0
Berber languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	10	10	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	10	25	10	15	112,200	59,320	52,880	5	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	10	25	10	15	107,605	56,960	50,645	5	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	10	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	5	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	5	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	5	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	10	5	10	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	10	5	10	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	100	40	60	160	80	80	329,415	158,980	170,435	45	25	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	10	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	5	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	5	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	15	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	10	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	5	5	5
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	5	5	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	5	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	35	50	155	75	80	183,755	87,295	96,460	15	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	40	15	25	135	65	70	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	10	15	5	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	5	5	5
Spanish	10	5	5	20	10	5	85,395	41,150	44,250	5	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	30	15	20
Chinese languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	30	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	25	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	20	40	20	20	143,450	71,980	71,470	15	5	10
English and French	5	5	0	5	5	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	15	5	10	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	20	5	10	47,185	23,615	23,570	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	725	310	420	450	220	230	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	260	135	130
English	40	5	30	140	80	65	340,470	170,050	170,425	95	50	45
French	475	210	265	130	70	60	779,125	383,000	396,125	50	20	30
Non-official language	65	25	40	35	15	20	204,395	96,705	107,690	10	10	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	25	40	35	15	20	204,315	96,670	107,645	10	10	5
English and French	35	15	20	30	10	15	173,135	89,205	83,935	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	20	10	15	135,390	66,995	68,400	55	20	30
French and non-official language(s)	75	30	45	55	20	35	180,900	85,935	94,965	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	40	25	20	154,470	76,450	78,020	10	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	725	310	420	450	220	230	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	260	135	130
Single responses	690	290	400	400	205	200	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	245	120	125
Official languages	595	250	345	330	170	160	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	205	100	105
English	55	15	40	175	95	80	479,850	239,270	240,580	135	65	70
French	540	235	300	160	75	80	956,130	471,155	484,975	70	30	40
Non-official languages	100	40	55	70	30	35	370,290	177,955	192,335	35	20	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	40	55	70	30	35	370,125	177,895	192,235	35	20	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	10	5	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	5	0	0
Berber languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	5	5	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	5	10	5	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	5	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	5	10	5	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	5	5	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	5	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	15	30	45	20	30	188,550	90,370	98,185	20	5	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	10	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	5	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	10	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	5	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	5	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	15	25	45	20	30	95,835	44,515	51,315	10	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	20	5	10	35	10	20	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	5	5	5
Spanish	5	0	10	10	5	0	54,335	26,035	28,300	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	10	5	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	15	20	45	20	25	173,745	85,640	88,110	20	15	5
English and French	10	5	5	10	5	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	5	5	10	39,365	19,140	20,225	15	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	20	10	15	57,355	27,790	29,565	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	730	305	420	450	220	225	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	260	135	130
None	610	260	345	340	170	165	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	175	90	85
English	25	15	15	15	5	15	131,630	67,290	64,340	30	20	15
French	30	10	15	30	15	20	126,780	62,180	64,600	15	5	10
Non-official language	50	20	25	35	15	20	144,335	69,210	75,130	25	5	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	20	25	35	15	20	144,155	69,135	75,015	25	5	15
English and French	5	0	5	10	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	5	0	0	38,875	19,700	19,180	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	15	5	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	5	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	565	240	325	455	230	225	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	270	105	165
Official languages	555	235	315	455	230	225	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	270	105	165
English	345	175	170	365	195	165	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	260	105	155
French	540	230	310	435	215	215	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	165	70	95
Non-official languages	230	90	140	340	180	160	971,455	471,755	499,700	180	70	110
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	230	90	140	340	180	160	970,710	471,495	499,220	180	70	110
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	20	45	0	0	0	217,295	113,605	103,690	15	10	0
Berber languages	30	0	25	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	30	0	25	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	10	35	0	0	0	205,120	107,210	97,905	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	45	10	35	0	0	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	10	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	25	10	10	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	25	10	10	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	0	25	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	25	0	25	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	95	50	45	290	155	135	514,485	250,190	264,295	110	55	55
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	10	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	10	0	10
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	45	45	285	150	135	324,695	154,360	170,340	55	30	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	50	25	25	245	120	125	107,285	51,300	55,985	25	10	10
Portuguese	20	15	0	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	10	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	20	0	15	45	30	10	193,835	91,345	102,490	35	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	15	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	50	15	35
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	50	15	35
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	45	15	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	560	240	325	455	230	225	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	270	105	165
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	560	240	325	455	230	225	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	265	105	160
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	560	240	325	455	230	225	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	270	105	165
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	560	240	325	455	230	225	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	270	105	165
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	305	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Owner	130	...	...	135	...	...	360,125	...	...	25	...	...
Renter	175	...	...	0	...	...	550,240	...	...	155	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	305	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Condominium	50	...	...	0	...	...	192,985	...	...	50	...	...
Not condominium	255	...	...	145	...	...	717,375	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	305	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	30	...	...
1 bedroom	90	...	...	0	...	...	267,715	...	...	85	...	...
2 bedrooms	90	...	...	0	...	...	303,875	...	...	35	...	...
3 bedrooms	105	...	...	105	...	...	220,945	...	...	15	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	25	...	...	35	...	...	98,090	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	305	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	155	...	...	0	...	...	501,570	...	...	145	...	...
5 rooms	55	...	...	10	...	...	166,230	...	...	15	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	35	...	...	78,495	...	...	10	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	40	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	45	...	...	60	...	...	105,210	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9	...	...	7.3	...	...	4.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	305	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
One person or fewer per room	305	...	...	145	...	...	881,730	...	...	170	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	305	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Suitable	295	...	...	135	...	...	834,885	...	...	160	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	305	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
1960 or before	15	...	...	0	...	...	325,005	...	...	70	...	...
1961 to 1980	105	...	...	15	...	...	282,605	...	...	35	...	...
1981 to 1990	135	...	...	130	...	...	101,185	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	30	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	40	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	10	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	10	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	305	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	285	...	...	145	...	...	833,540	...	...	160	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	0	...	...	76,815	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	305	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
One-maintainer household	210	...	...	30	...	...	543,605	...	...	145	...	...
Two-maintainer household	95	...	...	105	...	...	333,140	...	...	30	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	10	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	305	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	105	...	...
25 to 34 years	25	...	...	10	...	...	162,375	...	...	50	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	20	...	...	171,535	...	...	10	...	...
45 to 54 years	45	...	...	25	...	...	155,520	...	...	10	...	...
55 to 64 years	85	...	...	50	...	...	156,865	...	...	0	...	...
65 to 74 years	45	...	...	20	...	...	122,825	...	...	0	...	...
75 to 84 years	35	...	...	15	...	...	70,345	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	30	...	...	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	305	...	...	140	...	...	902,485	...	...	155	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	230	...	...	125	...	...	686,075	...	...	95	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	75	...	...	20	...	...	216,410	...	...	60	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70	...	...	20	...	...	189,795	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	300	...	...	145	...	...	910,360	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	30	...	...	330,635	...	...	85	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	65	...	...	20	...	...	186,350	...	...	50	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	210	...	...	115	...	...	579,720	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	300	...	...	140	...	...	875,865	...	...	145	...	...
In core need	40	...	...	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	255	...	...	140	...	...	787,925	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	130	...	...	140	...	...	360,120	...	...	30	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	53.6	...	...	60.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.1	...	...	14.3	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	910	...	...	1,370	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680	...	...	1,120	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,500	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	448,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	450,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	175	...	...	0	...	...	550,235	...	...	150	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	28.6	...	...	...	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.6	...	...	...	...	...	28.4	...	...	44.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.2	...	...	...	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	775	...	...	...	...	...	890	...	...	795	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	770	...	...	...	...	...	987	...	...	980	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	565	240	320	455	230	225	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	270	110	165
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	20	0	15	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	20	0	15	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20	0	15	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	0	15	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	10	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	0	15	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	535	235	300	455	230	225	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	265	110	155
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	565	240	325	455	230	225	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	275	110	165
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	530	235	290	450	225	220	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	150	60	90
Canadian citizens aged under 18	75	25	50	50	25	25	322,965	164,980	157,985	0	0	0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	450	210	245	395	200	195	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	140	55	85
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	35	0	30	0	0	0	313,410	160,530	152,885	120	50	75
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	565	240	325	455	230	225	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	275	110	165
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	385	180	205	320	155	165	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	90	30	60
Immigrants⁸¹	155	55	105	135	75	60	652,730	313,955	338,770	70	35	35
Before 1980	45	20	15	80	40	40	108,265	50,530	57,735	0	0	0
1980 to 1990	30	10	15	15	10	10	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	30	15	15	15	15	0	106,810	50,520	56,290	10	0	0
2001 to 2010	50	0	40	0	0	0	154,780	74,520	80,255	25	15	15
2011 to 2021⁸²	10	0	10	0	0	0	213,175	104,225	108,950	20	10	0
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	10	0	10	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	15	10	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	20	0	20	0	0	0	138,240	75,380	62,860	110	35	70
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	160	55	100	135	75	65	652,725	313,955	338,770	75	40	35
Under 5 years	15	10	10	20	15	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	35	10	25	25	10	15	103,285	51,965	51,320	30	10	15
15 to 24 years	40	15	20	60	30	35	118,475	53,035	65,440	25	15	10
25 to 44 years	70	20	45	20	15	10	326,320	158,620	167,700	10	0	10
45 years and over	0	0	0	10	10	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	160	55	100	135	75	65	652,725	313,955	338,770	75	40	35
Americas	25	0	20	20	20	0	137,955	63,465	74,485	15	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	45	20	25	80	40	40	158,795	76,610	82,190	25	15	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	20	10	15	75	35	40	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	40	10	30	0	0	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	0	0	0
Algeria	40	10	30	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	50	15	30	20	15	10	202,715	95,775	106,935	30	15	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	10	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	10	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	10	20	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	15	10	10	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10	0	10	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	15	10	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	10	0	10	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	565	240	325	455	230	220	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	270	105	165
First generation¹⁰⁰	200	60	140	145	75	75	813,905	400,325	413,580	190	85	105
Second generation¹⁰¹	85	45	45	185	85	105	424,225	212,755	211,475	30	10	25
Third generation or more¹⁰²	280	135	145	120	70	50	721,230	352,590	368,630	45	15	35
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	115	30	80	55	35	20	544,455	263,425	281,040	65	30	35
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	65	20	45	20	10	10	303,105	155,090	148,020	35	25	10
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	25	0	15	10	10	0	151,015	87,200	63,815	15	10	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	45	15	30	15	0	10	152,090	67,890	84,205	20	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	35	10	20	20	15	0	146,645	59,645	87,000	10	0	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	0	15	15	10	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	115	30	80	55	35	20	544,455	263,425	281,040	65	30	35
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	10	0	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	0	10	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	90	20	65	50	25	20	387,815	184,015	203,795	50	20	30
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	560	240	325	455	230	225	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	270	105	165
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	130	40	90	110	55	60	737,510	363,785	373,725	120	40	75
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	15	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	55	15	40
Black	20	0	20	20	0	20	208,805	101,125	107,680	15	10	10
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	35	10	25	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	10	0	0
Latin American	10	0	0	35	25	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	15	0	15
Southeast Asian	40	20	20	40	15	20	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	15	0	10	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	430	200	230	340	180	165	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	150	65	85
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	565	240	325	455	230	225	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	270	105	165
Canadian	90	35	55	20	10	10	241,015	115,880	125,135	0	0	0
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	10	0	10	0	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	25	10	15
Scottish	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	15	0	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	135	50	85	10	0	0	336,880	169,710	167,170	60	30	35
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	10	0	0
Chinese	25	15	15	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	55	15	40
Italian	70	35	40	270	135	135	156,025	76,485	79,535	15	0	10
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	35	15	20
Québécois	70	35	35	15	0	10	108,910	54,650	54,260	15	15	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	15	10	0	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	0	15	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	10	0	0	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	10	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	20	25	25	10	15	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	15	10	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	15	0	15	25	0	20	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	10	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	30	15	20	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	35	10	25	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	0	10	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	560	240	325	455	230	225	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	270	105	165
Buddhist	25	15	15	15	10	10	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	405	170	235	350	185	170	969,945	451,410	518,540	105	40	65
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	20	10	10	0	0	0	116,635	55,545	61,090	20	10	15
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	380	160	220	315	165	150	675,695	314,690	361,010	70	25	45
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	20	10	10	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	10	0	10	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	60	15	45	15	0	10	233,440	121,145	112,290	10	10	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	65	40	25	65	25	35	590,140	310,985	279,165	150	55	90
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	565	240	325	455	230	225	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	275	110	165
Non-movers	495	215	275	455	230	225	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	120	60	65
Movers	70	20	45	0	0	0	255,365	129,500	125,865	150	45	105
Non-migrants	45	15	30	0	0	0	186,805	94,745	92,055	85	25	60
Migrants	25	0	20	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	65	20	45
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	55	20	40
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	15	10	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	45	10	40
External migrants	20	0	15	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	560	235	325	440	225	215	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	270	105	165
Non-movers	390	190	205	350	185	165	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	35	20	15
Movers	170	45	120	90	40	45	821,475	413,250	408,230	240	85	150
Non-migrants	80	25	55	70	25	45	433,700	216,030	217,670	70	25	50
Migrants	85	20	65	15	10	0	387,770	197,215	190,560	165	65	105
Internal migrants	40	15	30	10	10	0	190,035	93,955	96,075	75	25	55
Intraprovincial migrants	35	15	20	10	10	0	159,710	78,770	80,940	20	0	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	55	15	40
External migrants	45	0	35	0	0	0	197,735	103,260	94,485	90	45	45
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	500	215	285	415	215	200	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	275	110	165
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	100	40	65	85	40	40	274,820	136,500	138,320	25	0	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	400	180	220	330	175	155	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	245	100	140
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	300	140	165	250	135	115	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	95	40	60
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	10	35	15	0	10	121,295	65,950	55,345	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	260	130	130	235	130	105	975,700	481,690	494,005	95	40	60
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	505	215	290	410	215	195	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	270	105	165
No certificate, diploma or degree	95	35	60	80	40	45	247,460	120,840	126,625	25	0	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	95	25	65	120	80	40	319,755	162,520	157,240	90	45	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	315	150	165	215	100	115	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	160	60	95
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	165	85	70	165	65	95	473,060	232,855	240,210	35	10	30
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	40	30	40	20	15	146,170	81,740	64,425	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	10	30	30	15	15	106,110	54,025	52,085	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	30	30	0	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	40	25	115	45	65	260,845	122,345	138,495	25	0	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	0	15	10	0	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	150	65	85	50	30	20	609,855	291,355	318,505	125	50	70
Bachelor's degree	100	55	45	40	25	15	344,605	160,320	184,285	70	40	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	0	10	0	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	35	0	30	0	0	0	159,510	78,325	81,190	35	10	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	10	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	305	140	160	255	140	115	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	95	35	55
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	10	30	15	10	10	102,815	55,805	47,015	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30	15	15	75	50	25	162,205	88,420	73,785	10	0	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	240	115	125	165	80	80	831,975	403,420	428,555	85	30	55
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	115	60	50	120	55	65	333,160	167,260	165,895	10	0	10
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	30	25	25	10	15	110,390	60,690	49,700	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	0	25	20	10	10	81,090	40,585	40,505	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	25	25	0	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	25	15	90	45	50	174,185	84,745	89,445	0	0	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	0	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	125	55	70	45	25	15	498,815	236,155	262,665	75	30	45
Bachelor's degree	80	45	35	30	15	10	276,640	128,890	147,745	25	20	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	0	10	0	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	10	25	0	0	0	137,150	66,720	70,430	35	15	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	505	215	285	415	215	200	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	270	105	165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	190	65	125	200	110	85	567,220	283,355	283,860	115	45	70
Education	20	0	20	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
13. Education	20	0	20	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	15	15	15	15	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	15	15	15	15	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	15	10	0
Humanities	25	0	15	0	0	0	78,920	30,815	48,110	20	15	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	15	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	0	10	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	15	10	10	15	10	0	157,220	58,185	99,040	20	0	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	15	0	15
Business, management and public administration	85	45	40	65	30	30	248,895	110,950	137,945	25	15	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	45	40	65	30	30	237,125	108,040	129,090	25	15	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	15	0	10	57,445	29,770	27,670	25	0	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	10	0	0	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	10	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	10	0	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	10	0	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	55	50	0	50	40	15	173,380	143,615	29,765	25	20	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	0	25	15	10	78,800	61,515	17,290	20	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	0	25	40	0	35	122,295	30,795	91,495	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	0	20	40	0	35	109,185	24,140	85,045	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	10	15	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	0	15	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	300	140	165	250	140	115	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	95	35	60
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	65	20	45	90	55	30	265,025	144,230	120,800	10	0	0
Education	15	0	15	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
13. Education	15	0	15	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	15	0	15	10	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	15	0	15	10	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	10	0	0	0	0	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	0	0	0	0	121,985	44,105	77,880	10	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	75	45	35	50	25	20	199,525	87,920	111,600	20	15	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	75	45	35	50	25	20	190,410	85,600	104,810	20	15	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	10	10	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	10	0	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	10	0	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	0	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	30	0	45	35	10	137,395	112,025	25,370	20	15	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	0	0	25	15	10	66,210	51,090	15,115	20	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	20	25	0	25	92,595	23,265	69,330	0	0	0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	25	0	25	82,410	18,370	64,045	0	0	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	10	15	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	15	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	300	140	165	250	140	115	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	95	35	60
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65	20	45	90	55	30	265,025	144,230	120,800	10	0	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	235	115	120	160	85	85	831,975	403,415	428,560	85	30	50
Location of study inside Canada	200	110	90	150	70	80	598,455	286,340	312,115	60	25	35
Same as province or territory of residence	190	105	85	150	70	80	566,540	270,160	296,380	45	25	20
Different than province or territory of residence	10	10	0	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	15	0	15
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	35	0	35	20	15	0	233,520	117,075	116,445	25	10	15
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	10	0	10
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	10	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	10	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	20	0	15	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	15	0	10	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	10	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	505	215	290	410	215	195	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	270	105	165
In the labour force	285	120	160	265	140	125	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	195	85	120
Employed	240	110	125	260	140	115	971,245	502,885	468,360	160	55	105
Unemployed	45	15	35	10	0	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	40	25	15
Not in the labour force	220	95	125	150	75	80	568,495	246,215	322,280	75	25	45
Participation rate	56.4	55.8	55.2	64.6	65.1	64.1	65.5	69.5	61.8	72.2	81.0	72.7
Employment rate	47.5	51.2	43.1	63.4	65.1	59.0	58.9	62.3	55.6	59.3	52.4	63.6
Unemployment rate	15.8	12.5	21.9	3.8	0.0	8.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	20.5	29.4	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	505	215	285	415	215	200	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	270	105	165
Did not work¹⁸⁶	220	85	135	165	85	80	582,470	253,075	329,400	70	15	55
Worked	280	135	150	250	130	120	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	205	95	110
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	150	65	85	135	85	50	529,400	287,950	241,450	55	30	20
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	130	70	55	110	45	65	538,265	266,540	271,725	145	60	85
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	40.0	41.6	41.8	44.8	38.4	39.7	40.2	39.3	30.6	27.2	33.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	285	125	165	265	140	120	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	200	80	115
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	265	115	145	265	140	120	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	190	80	105
Employee	215	80	140	235	120	110	907,745	457,830	449,915	175	70	105
Permanent position	195	75	115	195	110	85	741,830	380,445	361,385	105	40	65
Temporary position	25	0	20	40	15	25	165,915	77,385	88,530	70	35	35
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	0	15	10	0	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	20	10	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	10	0	0	25	10	15	96,225	46,100	50,120	50	25	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	45	40	10	25	15	15	142,380	88,145	54,230	15	10	0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	285	125	165	265	140	120	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	200	80	115
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	265	115	145	265	140	120	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	190	80	105
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	10	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	55	25	40	55	10	45	207,660	79,975	127,685	35	25	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	15	0	20	15	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	40	25	20
3 Health occupations	20	0	20	10	0	10	85,545	21,700	63,845	10	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	0	45	30	15	20	140,500	46,385	94,115	30	0	30
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	0	10	15	0	10	61,790	31,615	30,175	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	40	15	25	70	45	25	263,055	135,300	127,750	45	10	40
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	40	40	0	35	35	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	15	15	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	10	10	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	0	10	10	10	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	285	125	165	265	140	120	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	200	80	115
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	10
All industries¹⁹¹	265	115	145	265	140	120	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	190	80	105
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	30	30	0	35	25	10	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	10	0	10	20	15	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	10	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	15	0	10	35	20	10	111,555	56,180	55,375	30	10	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	0	0	0	0	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	10	0	10	43,110	26,250	16,865	10	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	15	10	10	20	15	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	45	30	10	15	15	0	130,405	75,750	54,655	35	25	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	15	0	25	10	15	49,530	29,800	19,735	0	0	0
61 Educational services	25	0	25	35	15	20	95,290	34,510	60,780	30	0	30
62 Health care and social assistance	30	0	30	40	0	40	142,545	36,095	106,450	15	0	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	10	10	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	15	0	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	10	0	10	0	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	0	0	0
91 Public administration	35	10	25	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	10	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	300	140	160	265	140	130	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	230	95	130
English	20	15	10	30	0	25	201,310	110,165	91,150	110	45	65
French	170	80	90	105	55	50	416,430	206,170	210,265	30	10	20
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	100	40	60	120	75	45	473,485	249,700	223,785	65	35	30
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	300	140	160	265	140	130	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	230	95	130
Single responses	280	135	145	210	115	90	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	195	90	110
Official languages	280	135	145	210	115	90	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	190	80	110
English	50	25	20	70	35	35	361,715	194,885	166,835	150	70	80
French	235	110	120	135	80	55	645,885	327,180	318,705	40	15	30
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	0	15	60	25	35	126,180	65,940	60,240	35	10	25
English and French	20	0	15	60	25	35	116,535	60,925	55,605	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	300	140	160	265	140	130	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	230	95	130
None	215	105	115	190	85	105	743,180	381,875	361,305	180	70	110
English	55	25	30	35	25	0	219,885	116,455	103,430	10	0	0
French	20	10	10	35	30	10	149,470	78,495	70,975	35	20	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	235	110	125	255	140	120	971,245	502,885	468,360	160	55	105
Worked at home	45	25	25	45	20	30	298,820	151,335	147,485	40	10	30
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	20	20	0	35	35	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	0	0	0
Usual place of work	170	65	105	175	90	80	580,035	286,695	293,340	110	40	75
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	170	65	110	175	90	80	580,035	286,695	293,340	110	40	70
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	150	55	95	145	75	70	427,475	202,010	225,465	75	30	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	0	0	20	15	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	15	0	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	20	0	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	195	85	105	205	120	85	669,150	349,485	319,665	115	40	75
Car, truck or van	140	65	70	180	105	75	395,615	229,315	166,300	40	20	20
Car, truck or van - as a driver	130	65	60	145	100	45	365,770	218,475	147,295	35	20	15
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	35	0	25	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	45	15	30	10	0	10	177,860	74,605	103,260	35	0	30
Walked	10	0	0	0	0	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	35	20	20
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	10	10	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	195	85	105	205	120	85	669,150	349,485	319,665	115	40	75
Less than 15 minutes	35	15	20	65	45	20	125,240	61,185	64,055	40	20	20
15 to 29 minutes	100	50	50	60	35	25	241,005	129,590	111,420	25	10	10
30 to 44 minutes	20	0	20	30	20	10	176,925	96,710	80,215	20	0	15
45 to 59 minutes	30	15	10	0	0	0	67,635	33,110	34,530	15	0	10
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	45	20	25	58,350	28,905	29,445	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	195	85	105	205	120	85	669,150	349,485	319,665	115	40	75
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35	20	10	30	25	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	30	15	15	35	20	15	95,270	56,280	38,990	25	0	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	55	10	40	55	30	25	166,695	79,410	87,280	25	10	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	20	15	55	30	20	149,185	68,865	80,320	20	15	0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	0	10	20	10	10	106,855	50,615	56,240	20	0	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25	10	15	20	10	10	112,350	65,830	46,520	25	0	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	80	35	45	80	45	35	371,310	189,920	181,390	10	5	5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	35	25	15	109,065	56,315	52,750	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	30	40	50	20	20	262,245	133,605	128,640	5	5	0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	60	25	40	65	35	25	264,905	135,505	129,395	10	5	5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	30	15	10	82,880	42,755	40,130	5	0	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	25	15	5	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	0	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	5	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	25	35	35	20	20	182,020	92,755	89,270	5	5	5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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