Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

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	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,135	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	592	...	...	510,550	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	...	...	...	519,716	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	...	...	...	- 1.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	586	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	360	...	...	269,184	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	562	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	330	...	...	223,253	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17,762.1	...	...	4.2	...	...	1,093.7	...	...	1.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.06	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	0.54	...	...	358,170.37	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,135	630	505	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	590	285	310	510,550	250,075	260,475
0 to 14 years	220	110	110	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	65	25	35	68,190	35,050	33,140
0 to 4 years	90	45	45	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	20	5	10	18,985	9,760	9,225
5 to 9 years	80	45	40	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	25	15	10	23,030	11,750	11,280
10 to 14 years	50	25	25	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	20	10	10	26,175	13,535	12,640
15 to 64 years	790	455	335	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	385	200	190	321,750	158,345	163,405
15 to 19 years	40	20	20	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	20	10	10	25,720	13,275	12,445
20 to 24 years	135	85	45	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	40	15	25	26,075	13,555	12,515
25 to 29 years	80	50	35	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	90	55	40	25,045	12,610	12,440
30 to 34 years	80	40	45	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	45	15	25	27,525	13,520	14,005
35 to 39 years	90	45	40	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	45	25	20	29,445	14,205	15,240
40 to 44 years	85	50	35	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	40	25	15	30,890	14,775	16,115
45 to 49 years	85	45	40	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	30	10	15	33,995	16,485	17,510
50 to 54 years	65	40	25	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	30	20	5	38,375	18,685	19,685
55 to 59 years	70	40	30	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	25	10	15	42,150	20,530	21,615
60 to 64 years	55	35	15	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	25	15	15	42,520	20,695	21,830
65 years and over	125	65	60	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	140	55	85	120,610	56,680	63,930
65 to 69 years	40	20	15	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	40	15	25	40,450	19,715	20,735
70 to 74 years	30	20	10	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	40	20	20	34,405	16,600	17,805
75 to 79 years	15	5	10	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	35	15	15	22,365	10,585	11,780
80 to 84 years	30	10	20	840,545	370,905	469,645	15	5	10	13,240	5,960	7,280
85 years and over	15	10	5	861,395	319,540	541,860	10	5	10	10,155	3,820	6,335
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	525,445	212,735	312,705	5	0	5	6,745	2,835	3,910
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735	5	0	0	2,710	835	1,880
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	0	0	0	620	135	485
100 years and over	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	0	0	0	80	15	65
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.4	17.5	21.8	16.3	16.9	15.6	11.0	8.8	11.3	13.4	14.0	12.7
15 to 64 years	69.6	72.2	66.3	64.8	65.4	64.2	65.3	70.2	61.3	63.0	63.3	62.7
65 years and over	11.0	10.3	11.9	19.0	17.7	20.2	23.7	19.3	27.4	23.6	22.7	24.5
85 years and over	1.3	1.6	1.0	2.3	1.8	2.9	1.7	1.8	3.2	2.0	1.5	2.4
Average age of the population	36.4	36.5	36.2	41.9	41.0	42.8	43.3	42.0	44.4	45.5	44.7	46.3
Median age of the population	36.0	36.4	35.2	41.6	40.4	42.8	39.2	38.4	40.8	48.4	47.6	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	565	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,255	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	0	...	...	161,410	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	746,560	...	...	0	...	...	8,695	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	980,110	...	...	0	...	...	10,770	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	...	...	821,490	...	...	5	...	...	27,535	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	540	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	230	...	...	12,325	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	95	...	...	810	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	34,880	...	...	5	...	...	410	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	0	...	...	1,295	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	560	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
1 person	280	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	165	...	...	62,290	...	...
2 persons	135	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	105	...	...	90,925	...	...
3 persons	75	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	30	...	...	35,080	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	20	...	...	25,555	...	...
5 or more persons	35	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	5	...	...	9,400	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,135	630	505	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	590	285	310	502,100	246,180	255,920
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.4	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	910	515	395	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	530	255	275	442,360	215,025	227,335
Married or living common-law	330	165	165	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	220	110	110	266,210	132,975	133,230
Married	290	150	140	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	115	55	60	217,395	108,630	108,765
Living common-law	40	20	25	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	110	55	55	48,815	24,345	24,470
Living common law - Never married	35	15	20	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	105	55	50	36,680	18,205	18,475
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	0	0	0	1,495	790	710
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	721,715	365,760	355,950	0	0	0	9,220	4,730	4,485
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	0	0	0	1,420	625	800
Not married and not living common-law	585	355	230	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	305	145	165	176,150	82,050	94,100
Not married and not living common law - Never married	430	285	140	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	200	95	100	112,120	60,560	51,555
Not married and not living common law - Separated	40	25	15	741,135	319,045	422,090	25	10	10	9,275	4,105	5,170
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	85	40	50	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	60	20	35	24,040	10,390	13,650
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	0	25	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	30	10	15	30,715	6,990	23,725
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	215	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	140	...	...	155,770	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	95	...	...	92,630	...	...
3 persons	60	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	25	...	...	33,290	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	20	...	...	23,460	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	855,960	...	...	10	...	...	6,385	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.5	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	220	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	145	...	...	155,770	...	...
Total couple families	150	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	105	...	...	131,220	...	...
Married couples	130	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	50	...	...	106,815	...	...
With children⁶	95	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	25	...	...	44,510	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	30	...	...	62,305	...	...
Common-law couples	20	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	50	...	...	24,410	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	808,645	...	...	20	...	...	9,890	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	30	...	...	14,520	...	...
Total one-parent families	65	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	40	...	...	24,550	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	55	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	30	...	...	19,165	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	383,670	...	...	5	...	...	5,390	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,135	630	505	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	595	285	305	502,095	246,180	255,915
Total - Persons in census families	670	315	360	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	370	180	195	412,540	204,540	208,000
Married spouses or common-law partners	300	150	155	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	215	110	105	262,445	131,075	131,365
Parents in one-parent families	65	10	60	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	35	5	30	24,545	5,385	19,165
Children⁶	310	160	150	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	120	60	60	125,550	68,075	57,475
In a two-parent family	210	110	100	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	75	30	45	89,780	48,510	41,265
In a one-parent family	95	50	45	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	50	25	20	35,775	19,560	16,210
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	460	315	150	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	220	110	115	89,555	41,640	47,915
Living alone	275	175	105	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	165	75	95	62,290	27,780	34,505
Living with other relatives⁷	40	20	15	927,345	393,085	534,260	10	10	5	10,565	4,510	6,055
Living with non-relatives only	145	120	30	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	45	25	20	16,705	9,350	7,350
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	560	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	330	...	...	223,255	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	195	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	135	...	...	142,615	...	...
Couple-family households	140	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	95	...	...	122,700	...	...
With children⁶	100	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	40	...	...	50,825	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	55	...	...	71,875	...	...
One-parent-family households	60	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	35	...	...	19,915	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	441,745	...	...	0	...	...	4,405	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	0	...	...	680	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	450,415	...	...	10	...	...	5,150	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	75	...	...	663,835	...	...	25	...	...	8,115	...	...
One-person households	275	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	165	...	...	62,290	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	910	520	390	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	525	255	275	433,960	211,160	222,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	840	465	375	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	510	240	270	420,110	204,470	215,640
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,200	26,200	28,400	41,200	46,400	36,800	29,600	34,400	25,400	36,800	42,000	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	840	465	375	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	510	240	270	420,245	204,535	215,710
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,800	25,400	26,600	36,800	40,800	33,600	27,800	30,800	24,800	33,200	37,200	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	655	375	285	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	395	195	195	344,460	173,270	171,185
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	19,600	21,800	17,200	35,200	42,400	29,200	27,400	34,400	23,000	30,400	36,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	545	325	225	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	330	170	160	281,445	143,845	137,600
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	21,400	21,600	21,400	37,200	43,200	32,000	34,000	34,800	25,400	31,600	37,600	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	790	430	360	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	450	205	245	348,520	160,975	187,545
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	9,400	13,700	9,800	8,500	11,000	11,800	10,100	13,700	14,100	15,400	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95	50	50	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	50	25	25	94,175	52,465	41,710
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	6,000	5,000	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,520	5,480	6,000	9,000	10,700	7,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	300	170	130	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	150	75	75	108,460	53,620	54,845
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,750	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	875	560	315	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	505	250	255	433,955	211,180	222,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	800	505	300	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	485	230	255	420,035	204,425	215,615
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,100	31,100	33,600	54,450	62,650	46,560	43,400	45,600	41,200	48,440	56,000	41,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	800	505	300	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	485	230	255	420,205	204,500	215,705
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,900	27,800	30,800	44,920	50,320	39,680	36,800	38,400	35,600	40,120	45,280	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	645	405	240	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	380	195	185	344,305	172,860	171,440
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,350	27,100	25,200	50,240	59,500	41,000	41,800	44,000	39,200	44,960	52,600	37,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	515	345	170	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	310	150	155	281,460	143,435	138,025
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,100	28,200	28,000	50,280	58,050	42,000	45,200	48,000	42,000	45,520	52,900	37,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	715	435	280	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	410	180	235	348,550	160,890	187,660
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,220	10,640	14,700	11,170	10,180	12,060	12,900	12,300	13,300	13,980	14,660	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65	35	30	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	40	0	30	93,945	52,210	41,730
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	8,500	3,400	7,050	6,710	7,370	5,800	...	6,000	10,560	11,390	9,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	220	140	80	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	110	55	55	107,225	52,880	54,340
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,950	7,700	8,400	8,920	8,740	9,100	9,600	9,200	10,000	8,510	8,410	8,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	875	560	315	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	505	255	255	433,955	211,180	222,780
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	185	110	70	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	165	75	90	117,415	58,570	58,845
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	44,000	47,200	63,600	69,000	58,000	55,600	76,000	49,600	62,000	71,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	46,800	50,000	42,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	67,000	76,000	59,000	74,100	85,300	63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	245	165	80	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	130	65	65	125,435	65,115	60,315
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	20,000	12,800	18,400	21,000	16,600	16,800	29,800	8,800	17,000	21,000	14,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	19,000	18,000	29,160	33,960	24,860	21,200	25,000	17,500	28,280	34,680	21,340
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	66.0	70.5	59.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	75.0	79.0	70.0	76.0	79.4	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.4	62.0	48.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	66.0	68.0	62.0	63.0	66.2	58.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	34.2	29.6	41.0	17.8	13.7	23.1	25.2	20.4	30.0	24.0	20.6	28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.8	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.1	x	1.6	4.9	5.2	4.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.2	8.0	8.6	5.4	4.5	6.6	6.1	5.5	6.8	5.2	4.4	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.7	6.8	6.8	4.7	4.0	5.5	5.2	4.8	5.6	4.5	3.9	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	910	515	395	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	530	255	275	433,955	211,165	222,795
Without total income	75	50	20	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	20	10	5	13,850	6,695	7,160
With total income	840	465	370	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	515	245	265	420,105	204,470	215,640
Under $10,000 (including loss)	90	55	35	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	35	20	20	33,110	13,365	19,740
$10,000 to $19,999	180	105	75	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	75	35	45	58,585	22,825	35,755
$20,000 to $29,999	200	110	90	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	145	55	95	76,150	33,170	42,985
$30,000 to $39,999	150	70	75	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	60	30	30	60,370	27,370	33,000
$40,000 to $49,999	85	45	35	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	55	30	25	49,770	24,100	25,675
$50,000 to $59,999	60	35	20	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	45	20	30	35,470	18,230	17,240
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	20	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	25	15	10	25,270	14,110	11,165
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	15	10	5	18,730	11,075	7,655
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	10	5	5	14,360	8,340	6,025
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	965,950	553,435	412,510	5	0	5	12,190	6,490	5,705
$100,000 and over	10	10	0	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	35	25	5	36,100	25,390	10,705
$100,000 to $149,999	5	5	0	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	25	15	10	24,300	16,195	8,100
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	10	5	0	11,800	9,195	2,605
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	910	515	395	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	530	255	275	433,955	211,165	222,795
Without after-tax income	75	50	20	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	20	10	5	13,715	6,630	7,085
With after-tax income	840	465	370	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	515	245	265	420,240	204,530	215,710
Under $10,000 (including loss)	90	55	35	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	35	20	20	34,805	13,790	21,020
$10,000 to $19,999	190	105	80	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	80	40	40	61,075	23,935	37,140
$20,000 to $29,999	235	125	110	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	160	60	95	90,885	40,070	50,820
$30,000 to $39,999	150	85	65	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	80	45	40	70,360	33,440	36,920
$40,000 to $49,999	85	50	40	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	65	30	40	53,695	27,250	26,445
$50,000 to $59,999	55	25	30	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	25	10	15	35,135	19,635	15,505
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	5	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	20	15	5	23,040	13,290	9,750
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	15	5	5	17,395	9,435	7,955
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	15	10	5	10,510	6,455	4,060
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	643,700	402,325	241,380	5	5	0	6,710	4,575	2,135
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	10	5	0	16,635	12,660	3,975
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	792,455	530,970	261,490	5	5	0	8,830	6,685	2,145
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	5	5	0	7,810	5,975	1,830
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	910	515	395	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	530	255	275	433,955	211,165	222,795
Without employment income	365	195	170	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	200	85	115	152,515	67,315	85,200
With employment income	550	320	225	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	330	170	160	281,440	143,850	137,595
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80	40	35	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	40	20	25	43,605	20,650	22,955
$5,000 to $9,999	60	35	25	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	40	20	25	24,040	10,510	13,535
$10,000 to $19,999	120	70	50	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	40	10	25	39,050	18,065	20,980
$20,000 to $29,999	95	55	35	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	35	10	20	29,510	13,885	15,630
$30,000 to $39,999	60	35	30	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	40	25	10	24,920	11,660	13,255
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	25	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	45	15	25	23,160	11,130	12,030
$50,000 to $59,999	35	25	5	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	20	10	10	18,900	9,605	9,300
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	15	10	5	15,375	8,650	6,725
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	0	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	15	5	10	12,830	7,455	5,375
$80,000 to $89,999	5	10	0	929,490	539,395	390,095	10	5	0	10,865	6,125	4,745
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	760,035	439,505	320,530	10	10	0	10,060	5,140	4,920
$100,000 and over	10	10	0	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	20	15	5	29,120	20,975	8,145
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	10	10	5	13,095	8,420	4,670
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	15	10	0	16,030	12,560	3,470
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	910	520	390	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	525	255	275	433,960	211,160	222,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	780	430	350	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	505	240	265	413,080	200,885	212,190
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	21,200	21,200	21,200	39,200	45,200	34,000	26,600	30,800	22,600	35,200	42,400	29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	780	430	350	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	505	240	265	413,440	200,925	212,515
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	20,800	21,000	20,800	35,200	40,000	31,200	25,400	28,400	22,400	31,800	37,600	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	585	325	255	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	390	195	190	343,320	172,525	170,795
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	19,600	23,800	17,000	36,800	44,000	30,800	31,000	35,200	27,800	32,400	39,600	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	480	275	205	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	330	170	160	285,685	145,760	139,925
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	21,600	25,600	19,200	38,000	44,400	32,800	32,400	36,000	28,400	33,600	41,600	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	710	380	330	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	430	190	240	317,925	144,350	173,580
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	3,240	9,500	4,240	1,960	6,450	6,040	4,560	6,950	11,400	12,900	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	60	30	35	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	40	20	20	89,840	50,045	39,800
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	5,000	4,800	5,720	5,560	5,960	4,440	x	3,640	9,900	11,100	8,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	875	560	315	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	505	250	255	433,955	211,180	222,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	725	455	275	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	480	230	245	412,905	200,710	212,195
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	26,200	28,800	52,350	61,250	43,800	40,000	44,400	36,000	47,880	56,950	39,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	725	455	275	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	480	230	245	413,185	200,730	212,455
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,520	23,500	26,400	42,920	49,000	37,160	34,000	37,200	31,200	39,160	45,280	33,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	535	325	205	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	370	185	180	343,150	172,125	171,020
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,600	27,100	23,200	51,040	60,800	41,320	41,600	45,600	37,200	46,960	56,150	37,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	435	280	150	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	305	150	155	285,920	145,370	140,550
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,200	27,600	23,600	50,560	58,800	41,800	45,200	50,000	40,000	47,600	56,600	38,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	670	405	265	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	400	170	230	318,000	144,305	173,695
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	7,480	11,800	7,950	6,990	8,800	9,800	10,100	9,600	11,520	12,280	10,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75	35	35	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	45	20	25	89,750	49,650	40,105
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	6,400	8,000	7,560	6,880	8,210	5,400	6,000	4,800	10,810	11,570	9,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	875	560	315	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	505	255	255	433,955	211,180	222,780
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	180	110	70	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	160	75	85	116,735	58,240	58,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	38,400	39,600	31,200	60,000	66,000	53,600	62,400	69,000	46,800	59,600	69,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	39,200	42,000	34,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	64,500	76,000	55,000	71,900	83,400	60,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	165	120	50	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	125	60	60	118,095	61,650	56,445
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,200	11,700	24,200	28,000	21,800	24,000	24,200	23,800	21,800	28,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	22,400	15,200	35,200	41,280	29,720	25,200	29,000	21,000	35,600	44,720	25,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	69.0	74.5	60.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	79.5	82.0	76.0	81.4	84.4	77.4
Employment income (%)	57.2	65.0	46.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	72.0	74.0	68.0	68.8	72.0	64.6
Government transfers (%)	31.2	25.6	39.5	12.3	8.9	16.9	20.4	17.2	24.4	18.5	15.5	22.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.6	2.0	3.2	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6	4.9	5.0	4.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	560	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	84,000	...	...	44,800	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	73,000	...	...	42,000	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	275	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	165	...	...	62,290	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	24,400	...	...	41,600	...	...	23,000	...	...	33,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	23,800	...	...	37,200	...	...	23,000	...	...	30,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	285	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	165	...	...	160,965	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	105,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	91,000	...	...	71,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	535	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	63,400	...	...	91,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	87,700	...	...	53,800	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	280	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	170	...	...	62,255	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...	53,350	...	...	36,400	...	...	44,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	27,600	...	...	44,360	...	...	32,000	...	...	37,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	255	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	160	...	...	161,000	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	128,200	...	...	92,000	...	...	109,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	105,700	...	...	77,000	...	...	90,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	560	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	165,175	...	...	10	...	...	1,205	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	91,750	...	...	0	...	...	1,940	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...	178,475	...	...	5	...	...	3,955	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	40	...	...	274,140	...	...	15	...	...	4,225	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	60	...	...	637,695	...	...	65	...	...	13,545	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	505,875	...	...	15	...	...	8,965	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45	...	...	488,735	...	...	15	...	...	11,210	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	35	...	...	560,950	...	...	20	...	...	11,940	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	572,650	...	...	10	...	...	9,905	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	559,155	...	...	10	...	...	9,105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	30	...	...	17,255	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	15	...	...	15,890	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	986,460	...	...	20	...	...	14,840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	921,205	...	...	15	...	...	13,500	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	844,835	...	...	15	...	...	11,845	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	60	...	...	73,915	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	25	...	...	23,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	15	...	...	16,110	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	5	...	...	19,040	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	15	...	...	15,670	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	560	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	186,735	...	...	10	...	...	1,325	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	95,195	...	...	0	...	...	1,990	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...	183,430	...	...	5	...	...	4,010	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	40	...	...	289,545	...	...	15	...	...	4,420	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	55	...	...	681,900	...	...	70	...	...	14,530	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	50	...	...	589,110	...	...	20	...	...	10,570	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50	...	...	582,275	...	...	20	...	...	12,420	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	35	...	...	666,675	...	...	15	...	...	13,505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	40	...	...	676,995	...	...	15	...	...	11,555	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	35	...	...	655,100	...	...	20	...	...	10,590	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	20	...	...	20,725	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	20	...	...	19,100	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	25	...	...	17,215	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	15	...	...	14,690	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	911,515	...	...	20	...	...	12,220	...	...
$100,000 and over	35	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	40	...	...	54,400	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	15	...	...	22,095	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	10	...	...	13,900	...	...
$150,000 and over	0	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	10	...	...	18,400	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	230	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	150	...	...	155,065	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	105,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	91,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	60	...	...	72,470	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	91,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	51,200	...	...	79,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	105	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	40	...	...	55,360	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	136,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	35	...	...	22,810	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	59,200	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	64,000	...	...	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	425	295	130	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	215	100	115	78,990	37,135	41,860
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	22,400	21,000	25,200	38,400	40,000	36,800	23,400	22,800	23,600	32,400	34,400	30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	22,000	21,000	24,800	34,800	36,000	33,600	23,400	22,800	23,600	29,600	31,200	28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	195	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	155	...	...	155,085	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	128,600	...	...	94,000	...	...	109,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	105,600	...	...	78,000	...	...	90,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	65	...	...	72,460	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	92,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	76,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	50	...	...	55,455	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	116,000	...	...	149,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	96,000	...	...	120,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	40	...	...	22,715	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	82,300	...	...	85,000	...	...	68,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	71,800	...	...	72,000	...	...	60,550	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	460	365	95	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	195	105	95	79,130	36,820	42,310
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	25,500	24,800	28,800	49,440	52,050	46,880	34,000	35,000	32,500	42,640	45,800	39,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	23,300	22,600	26,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	29,800	30,400	29,200	36,280	38,160	34,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,135	630	505	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	590	285	310	502,100	246,180	255,920
0 to 17 years	240	125	120	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	80	40	35	83,475	43,000	40,475
0 to 5 years	110	60	50	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	25	10	10	23,495	12,075	11,420
18 to 64 years	770	445	320	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	370	185	185	303,880	148,535	155,345
65 years and over	125	65	60	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	145	60	85	114,740	54,650	60,100
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	450	270	175	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	160	70	90	76,355	34,610	41,745
0 to 17 years	90	55	40	854,565	439,490	415,075	10	0	5	12,860	6,710	6,160
0 to 5 years	45	30	20	282,315	144,250	138,065	5	0	0	4,075	2,150	1,930
18 to 64 years	305	195	115	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	65	30	25	34,385	15,670	18,715
65 years and over	55	25	25	985,745	391,695	594,050	90	35	55	29,105	12,230	16,875
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	39.6	43.2	35.2	11.1	10.5	11.6	27.0	25.0	29.2	15.2	14.1	16.3
0 to 17 years (%)	37.5	42.0	32.0	11.9	11.9	11.9	12.0	x	20.0	15.4	15.6	15.2
0 to 5 years (%)	40.0	48.0	32.0	12.7	12.7	12.7	16.0	x	x	17.3	17.8	16.9
18 to 64 years (%)	40.0	43.6	35.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	16.5	18.0	15.0	11.3	10.6	12.1
65 years and over (%)	42.0	44.0	40.0	15.0	12.7	16.9	63.0	56.0	66.0	25.4	22.4	28.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,135	630	505	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	595	285	305	499,080	244,690	254,385
0 to 17 years	240	120	120	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	75	40	35	82,500	42,530	39,975
0 to 5 years	110	55	55	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	25	10	15	23,165	11,925	11,240
18 to 64 years	770	445	325	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	375	185	190	302,020	147,620	154,400
65 years and over	120	60	60	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	140	60	80	114,555	54,540	60,015
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	335	215	120	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	95	50	50	18,330	9,235	9,095
0 to 17 years	55	25	25	319,545	164,490	155,060	5	0	5	2,780	1,460	1,325
0 to 5 years	25	15	10	99,435	50,875	48,560	0	0	0	880	460	420
18 to 64 years	250	165	80	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	50	30	20	14,335	7,315	7,020
65 years and over	30	15	15	199,155	83,010	116,145	45	15	30	1,210	460	750
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	29.3	33.6	24.4	5.2	5.4	5.0	16.8	16.5	17.0	3.7	3.8	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	23.0	24.0	22.0	4.5	4.6	4.5	x	x	x	3.4	3.4	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	24.0	28.0	20.0	4.6	4.6	4.6	x	x	x	3.8	3.9	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	32.4	37.6	24.8	6.0	6.4	5.7	13.2	16.0	10.0	4.8	5.0	4.6
65 years and over (%)	24.0	20.0	24.0	3.1	2.7	3.3	32.0	28.0	34.0	1.1	0.8	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,135	630	505	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	590	285	310	502,100	246,180	255,920
In bottom half of the distribution	1,005	565	440	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	410	185	220	285,935	136,320	149,615
In bottom decile	420	260	165	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	155	70	85	60,890	28,000	32,890
In second decile	215	110	105	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	75	30	50	66,785	30,990	35,795
In third decile	165	80	80	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	70	35	35	56,155	27,020	29,135
In fourth decile	110	60	50	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	40	20	20	52,920	25,880	27,040
In fifth decile	95	55	40	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	70	35	40	49,185	24,430	24,750
In top half of the distribution	130	65	65	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	180	100	85	216,160	109,860	106,305
In sixth decile	65	30	35	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	40	20	15	48,170	24,170	24,000
In seventh decile	25	15	15	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	60	35	25	46,145	23,345	22,800
In eighth decile	30	15	10	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	30	15	20	44,630	22,560	22,065
In ninth decile	0	0	0	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	40	25	20	42,135	21,590	20,550
In top decile	0	0	0	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	10	5	0	35,080	18,190	16,890
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,135	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	595	...	...	502,095	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.344	...	...	0.338	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.525	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.514	...	...	0.495	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.299	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.305	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,135	630	505	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	595	285	305	504,805	247,400	257,410
English only	70	45	30	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	30	15	15	477,900	236,245	241,655
French only	550	270	275	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	215	90	120	130	60	65
English and French	495	310	190	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	335	180	155	25,945	10,665	15,280
Neither English nor French	20	5	10	689,725	284,170	405,555	15	0	10	830	425	405
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,135	630	505	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	595	285	305	504,805	247,400	257,410
English	140	80	60	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	45	30	20	501,645	245,775	255,865
French	850	470	385	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	495	240	260	2,110	1,110	1,005
English and French	120	75	50	476,175	237,635	238,535	35	15	15	345	165	180
Neither English nor French	20	5	10	673,100	275,685	397,420	15	0	10	705	345	360
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,135	630	505	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	595	285	305	504,805	247,400	257,410
Single responses	995	550	450	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	565	270	295	501,425	245,740	255,690
Official languages	440	260	175	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	400	200	195	488,775	239,145	249,625
English	70	40	30	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	15	10	5	486,560	238,020	248,540
French	365	225	145	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	385	190	190	2,215	1,130	1,085
Non-official languages	555	285	270	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	165	75	95	12,655	6,595	6,065
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	0	0	0	1,835	860	980
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	0	0	0	1,580	745	840
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	0	0	0	1,580	740	840
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	0	1,575	740	830
Naskapi	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	0	0	0	5	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	0	0	0	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	470	235	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	270	120	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	0	0	0	250	115	135
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	560	220	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	0	0	0	245	115	135
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	355	150	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	275	115	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	485	220	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	560	245	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	590	300	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	180	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	555	285	270	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	165	75	95	10,820	5,735	5,085
Afro-Asiatic languages	315	170	140	698,355	359,625	338,730	45	20	25	1,845	1,025	820
Berber languages	85	50	35	27,490	14,715	12,775	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	80	55	30	24,760	13,130	11,625	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tamazight	5	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	225	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	0	0	0	10	0	5
Hausa	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mina	0	0	0	675	340	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	0	0	0	60	35	30
Bilen	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oromo	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	0	0	0	30	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	0	0	0	10	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	755	400	350	0	0	0	5	5	0
Semitic languages	225	120	105	618,450	320,045	298,405	35	15	20	1,775	985	790
Amharic	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	0	0	0	25	15	10
Arabic	225	120	105	508,410	265,350	243,060	35	15	20	1,565	885	675
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	0	0	0	5	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	0	0	0	15	5	10
Maltese	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	0	0	0	160	80	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	235	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	192,985	87,230	105,750	20	10	10	130	65	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820	20	10	10	125	65	60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	565,375	238,875	326,500	0	0	0	1,365	570	800
Bikol	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	0	0	0	10	10	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	0	0	0	55	20	35
Fijian	0	0	0	605	325	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	0	0	0	45	10	30
Indonesian	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	0	0	0	20	10	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	0	0	0	5	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	835	415	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	461,150	194,805	266,345	0	0	0	1,185	500	685
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	0	0	0	10	10	5
Creole languages	85	40	50	78,235	35,650	42,580	15	5	10	75	45	30
Haitian Creole	60	25	30	52,435	23,355	29,085	15	0	10	5	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	600	315	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	795	365	435	0	0	0	5	5	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	0	0	0	45	30	15
Sango	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	15,550	7,325	8,230	5	0	5	15	10	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dravidian languages	10	0	10	244,165	125,180	118,990	5	0	0	360	205	155
Kannada	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	0	0	0	10	10	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	0	0	0	140	85	60
Tamil	10	0	10	152,850	75,010	77,845	5	0	0	140	75	60
Telugu	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	0	0	0	65	40	30
Tulu	0	0	0	615	310	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	370	170	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	105	45	55	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	60	25	35	4,845	2,740	2,100
Albanian	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	0	0	0	45	20	25
Armenian	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	0	0	0	15	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	648,810	297,100	351,710	10	5	5	500	250	250
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	0	0	0	5	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	0	0	0	10	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	638,250	292,670	345,580	10	5	5	495	245	245
Belarusian	0	0	0	720	325	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	0	0	0	50	20	25
Czech	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	0	0	0	30	20	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0	0	0	0	5	5
Polish	5	5	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	0	0	0	80	45	35
Russian	0	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800	5	5	5	210	105	110
Rusyn	0	0	0	500	240	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	0	0	0	70	30	35
Bosnian	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	0	0	0	10	5	5
Croatian	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	0	0	0	25	15	15
Serbian	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	0	0	0	30	15	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	0	0	0	15	5	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	0	0	0	30	15	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	235	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	0	0	0	10	5	5
Irish	0	0	0	665	355	315	0	0	0	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	425	210	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	825	410	420	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	463,400	221,365	242,035	0	0	0	630	370	255
Frisian	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	301,570	142,580	158,990	0	0	0	310	170	140
German	0	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615	0	0	0	295	160	135
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	0	0	0	10	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	0	0	0	180	105	75
Afrikaans	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	0	0	0	75	45	30
Dutch	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	0	0	0	95	55	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	0	0	0	5	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	0	0	0	130	90	35
Danish	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	0	0	0	45	25	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	905	430	480	0	0	0	15	15	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	0	0	0	55	45	10
Swedish	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	0	0	0	15	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	0	0	0	5	10	0
Greek	0	0	0	93,335	45,860	47,470	0	0	0	45	35	15
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	0	0	0	2,595	1,545	1,050
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	0	0	0	2,130	1,295	830
Assamese	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	0	0	0	595	380	215
Gujarati	0	0	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	0	0	0	145	105	45
Hindi	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	0	0	0	255	155	100
Kacchi	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	745	395	350	0	0	0	5	5	0
Konkani	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	0	0	0	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	0	0	0	30	25	10
Nepali	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	0	0	0	60	30	25
Oriya languages	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	645	325	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	666,585	341,515	325,065	0	0	0	625	355	265
Rohingya	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	0	0	0	135	75	55
Urdu	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	0	0	0	260	155	110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	0	0	0	470	250	220
Baluchi	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	0	0	0	60	30	30
Parsi	0	0	0	555	310	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	0	0	0	20	15	5
Persian languages	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	0	0	0	390	205	185
Dari	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360	0	0	0	345	180	160
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	0	0	0	35	25	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	815	425	390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	165	140	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	30	55	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	55	25	30	995	510	485
Catalan	0	0	0	905	470	440	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italian	25	10	15	319,505	154,295	165,205	10	5	10	90	60	35
Portuguese	0	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450	0	5	5	220	120	100
Romanian	0	0	0	93,160	44,185	48,975	0	0	5	40	20	20
Spanish	50	15	35	538,870	259,500	279,375	35	15	20	640	305	330
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	385	195	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	5	0	5	35	10	25
Korean	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	0	0	0	115	35	80
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	20	10	108,295	52,850	55,440	0	0	0	435	235	200
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	0	0	0	65	35	25
Bamanankan	5	5	0	1,855	1,000	860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	0	0	0	5	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	0	0	0	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	3,520	1,825	1,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	815	400	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	0	0	0	10	5	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	760	320	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	0	0	0	40	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	0	0	0	5	5	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	520	245	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	695	365	325	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ndebele	0	0	0	920	420	500	0	0	0	0	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	0	0	0	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	0	0	0	40	15	25
Soninke	0	0	0	505	315	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	520	200	320	0	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	0	0	0	65	35	25
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	0	0	0	10	0	5
Yoruba	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	0	0	0	115	70	50
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	0	0	0	50	20	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	0	0	0	40	20	20
Dinka	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	0	0	0	15	5	10
Nuer	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	0	0	0	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	0	0	0	10	10	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	575	305	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	0	0	0	110	65	50
American Sign Language	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	0	0	0	90	55	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	10	5	0	1,260	625	635
Chinese languages	10	5	5	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	10	5	0	1,235	610	625
Hakka	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	0	0	0	5	0	5
Mandarin	5	5	0	679,255	310,750	368,510	5	5	0	825	405	425
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	0	0	0	20	15	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	5	553,380	255,540	297,835	5	0	0	315	160	155
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	0	0	0	60	30	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	630	295	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	0	0	0	25	15	10
Burmese	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	870	400	475	0	0	0	10	5	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	0	0	0	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	0	0	0	5	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	615	305	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	890	445	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745	0	0	0	45	10	35
Lao	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	0	0	0	35	10	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	165	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	0	0	0	95	55	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0	540	230	305	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	0	0	0	65	35	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	0	0	0	65	25	45
Estonian	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	0	0	0	10	10	5
Finnish	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	0	0	0	40	10	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	140	85	55	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	30	15	15	3,375	1,660	1,720
English and French	20	10	5	291,325	142,420	148,905	10	5	5	1,020	455	565
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	921,480	450,685	470,800	0	0	5	2,085	1,075	1,015
French and non-official language(s)	90	55	30	117,910	57,875	60,040	15	10	5	60	35	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	52,880	25,900	26,975	0	0	0	70	30	40
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	92,095	42,330	49,765	5	0	5	140	75	65
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,135	630	505	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	595	285	305	504,805	247,400	257,410
English	75	40	35	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	20	10	5	487,420	238,710	248,710
French	405	240	165	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	355	175	185	585	285	295
Non-official language	120	55	65	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	65	25	40	3,615	1,895	1,725
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	0	0	0	830	395	440
Non-Indigenous	120	55	65	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	65	25	40	2,785	1,495	1,285
English and French	30	20	15	953,760	465,560	488,205	30	20	10	2,615	1,140	1,480
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	15	10	5	9,845	4,995	4,845
French and non-official language(s)	350	175	175	395,320	188,195	207,125	65	25	40	35	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	75	35	455,760	217,995	237,770	40	20	15	465	235	225
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	200,320	93,165	107,155	0	0	0	230	120	110
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,135	630	505	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	595	285	305	504,805	247,400	257,410
Single responses	960	535	430	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	560	270	295	502,230	246,140	256,090
Official languages	655	385	275	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	450	225	225	495,005	242,370	252,635
English	105	60	50	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	35	20	15	494,120	241,935	252,185
French	555	320	230	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	415	200	210	880	435	450
Non-official languages	305	150	155	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	110	40	65	7,230	3,770	3,460
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	0	0	0	1,350	670	680
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	0	0	0	1,305	650	655
Blackfoot	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	0	0	0	1,305	650	655
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	665	305	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	830	430	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0	1,305	650	655
Naskapi	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	145	70	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0	0	0	45	20	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0	0	0	45	20	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	260	130	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	300	150	150	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	110	40	65	5,880	3,100	2,775
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	90	75	395,840	197,010	198,830	30	10	15	1,175	605	570
Berber languages	40	30	15	11,295	5,940	5,355	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	35	25	10	10,180	5,325	4,850	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	840	455	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	155	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	835	425	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	635	330	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	0	0	0	45	20	25
Bilen	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oromo	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	0	0	0	20	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	0	0	0	10	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	125	65	55	352,790	176,270	176,520	25	10	15	1,130	585	545
Amharic	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	0	0	0	5	0	5
Arabic	125	65	55	285,915	143,650	142,260	25	10	15	1,005	530	475
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	0	0	0	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	0	0	0	5	5	5
Harari	0	0	0	680	305	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	795	360	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	0	0	0	110	50	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	135	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070	15	10	10	80	40	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055	15	10	5	80	40	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	326,245	149,550	176,700	0	0	0	715	320	390
Bikol	0	0	0	760	370	395	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	0	0	0	20	15	10
Fijian	0	0	0	200	110	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	0	0	0	10	5	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	585	265	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	320	150	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	390	205	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	280	145	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	680	310	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170	0	0	0	650	290	360
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	680	325	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole languages	40	20	25	35,195	15,455	19,740	5	0	10	45	25	20
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	22,610	9,620	12,990	5	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	300	125	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	360	150	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	0	0	0	20	15	5
Sango	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	7,120	3,275	3,845	0	0	0	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	870	395	475	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	5	169,705	85,265	84,440	5	0	0	170	95	75
Kannada	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	0	0	0	5	5	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	0	0	0	65	35	30
Tamil	10	0	5	112,335	54,240	58,095	5	0	0	60	35	30
Telugu	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	0	0	0	40	20	15
Tulu	0	0	0	240	120	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	25	40	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	45	20	30	2,390	1,315	1,070
Albanian	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	0	0	0	25	5	15
Armenian	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	0	0	0	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985	5	5	5	180	95	90
Baltic languages	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	0	0	0	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	880	395	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610	5	5	5	180	90	90
Belarusian	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	0	0	0	20	15	10
Czech	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	0	0	0	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	0	0	0	20	10	10
Russian	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	5	5	0	110	55	55
Rusyn	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	0	0	0	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	555	295	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	310	165	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	105	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	0	0	0	105	55	45
Frisian	0	0	0	270	110	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	0	0	0	40	15	25
German	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	0	0	0	40	20	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	0	0	0	50	25	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	0	0	0	40	25	15
Dutch	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	0	0	0	5	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	0	0	0	15	10	5
Danish	0	0	0	615	280	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	175	75	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0	10	10	5
Swedish	0	0	0	890	435	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	740	355	390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	0	0	0	1,655	945	710
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	962,820	490,815	472,000	0	0	0	1,295	750	540
Assamese	0	0	0	215	110	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	0	0	0	335	200	135
Gujarati	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	0	0	0	80	60	20
Hindi	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	0	0	0	125	70	50
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	880	415	470	0	0	0	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	0	0	0	10	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	0	0	0	45	25	25
Oriya languages	0	0	0	795	420	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	525	275	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	145	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610	0	0	0	455	255	200
Rohingya	0	0	0	410	195	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	0	0	0	75	35	35
Urdu	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	0	0	0	160	95	65
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	0	0	0	5	5	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	204,420	99,545	104,875	0	0	0	365	190	170
Baluchi	0	0	0	330	170	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	0	0	0	45	25	20
Parsi	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	0	0	0	15	15	5
Persian languages	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670	0	0	0	300	155	145
Dari	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780	0	0	0	265	135	130
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	0	0	0	25	20	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	250	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	20	40	577,735	273,965	303,770	35	15	25	400	205	200
Catalan	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	10	92,755	38,750	54,005	5	5	5	10	0	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045	0	0	0	80	40	45
Romanian	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955	0	0	5	10	5	5
Spanish	45	15	30	317,365	155,005	162,360	25	10	20	300	150	150
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	210	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	0	0	0	15	5	10
Korean	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	0	0	0	55	25	35
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	38,600	18,055	20,545	0	0	0	145	80	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	0	0	0	25	15	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	365	150	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	470	225	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	260	115	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	295	130	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	0	0	0	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	0	0	0	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	235	145	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	0	0	0	40	30	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	0	0	0	40	20	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	0	0	0	15	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0	900	485	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	645	295	355	0	0	0	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	0	0	0	5	5	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	140	75	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	0	0	0	220	130	90
American Sign Language	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	0	0	0	185	110	75
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	0	0	0	35	20	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	0	967,965	450,210	517,755	0	0	0	790	405	380
Chinese languages	10	5	0	955,685	444,115	511,565	0	0	0	770	400	375
Hakka	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	0	530,945	249,675	281,270	0	0	0	550	280	265
Min Dong	0	0	0	775	370	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	393,430	180,000	213,435	0	0	0	165	80	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	0	0	0	50	30	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	110	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	0	0	0	15	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	660	320	340	0	0	0	5	5	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	0	0	0	5	5	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	0	0	0	5	5	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	225	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	225	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	135	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	0	0	0	5	5	0
Lao	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	85	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	0	0	0	40	20	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	0	0	0	30	10	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	850	420	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	950	470	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	195	210	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	0	0	0	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	615	245	370	0	0	0	5	5	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	170	100	70	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	35	15	15	2,575	1,260	1,315
English and French	10	5	0	230,955	112,070	118,880	10	5	5	355	175	185
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	5	0	5	2,135	1,040	1,095
French and non-official language(s)	120	70	50	125,525	60,405	65,125	15	5	10	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	56,805	27,370	29,430	5	5	0	35	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	0	0	0	30	15	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,135	630	505	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	590	285	310	504,805	247,400	257,405
None	730	415	320	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	460	220	245	493,860	241,975	251,880
English	40	25	10	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	25	10	10	3,235	1,675	1,565
French	145	70	75	571,040	268,530	302,510	30	10	20	2,100	890	1,210
Non-official language	145	75	70	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	40	25	20	4,310	2,165	2,150
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	0	0	0	500	205	300
Non-Indigenous	145	75	70	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	40	25	20	3,810	1,965	1,845
English and French	30	20	10	86,185	42,600	43,585	10	5	5	55	25	25
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	5	323,845	161,995	161,850	15	10	5	385	205	180
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	134,565	61,575	72,995	5	5	5	235	115	120
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	0	0	0	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	234,905	115,470	119,430	0	0	0	605	335	265
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,070	675	390	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	585	285	300	502,095	246,190	255,905
Official languages	1,050	675	375	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	570	280	290	501,305	245,765	255,545
English	580	390	190	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	350	190	160	501,135	245,680	255,455
French	945	605	335	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	545	270	275	26,135	10,780	15,355
Non-official languages	785	490	295	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	230	115	115	20,910	10,660	10,250
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	0	0	0	2,670	1,225	1,445
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	0	0	0	2,025	950	1,075
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	0	0	0	1,945	910	1,035
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	0	0	0	40	10	30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	0	0	0	20	0	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	0	0	0	10	0	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0	0	0	1,930	900	1,025
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	0	0	0	75	40	40
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	0	0	0	75	40	40
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	290	140	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	0	0	0	625	260	365
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	0	0	0	620	260	360
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	0	0	0	20	10	15
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	370	195	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	180	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	855	405	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	780	485	295	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	230	115	115	18,305	9,470	8,840
Afro-Asiatic languages	425	275	150	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	55	25	30	2,620	1,510	1,110
Berber languages	105	85	20	42,835	22,775	20,060	10	0	0	25	10	10
Kabyle	100	80	20	37,415	19,660	17,755	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	0	0	0	35	20	15
Hausa	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	0	0	0	30	15	15
Mina	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	0	0	0	45	30	20
Bilen	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	0	0	0	15	10	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	0	0	0	20	15	10
Semitic languages	405	260	150	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	55	25	30	2,550	1,470	1,085
Amharic	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	0	0	0	40	20	20
Arabic	405	260	150	838,045	436,510	401,540	55	25	30	2,200	1,275	915
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	0	0	0	110	60	50
Maltese	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	0	0	0	230	135	90
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995	30	20	10	190	105	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	30	20	10	185	100	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	910	455	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	0	0	0	2,070	890	1,175
Bikol	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	0	0	0	20	15	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	0	0	0	85	35	50
Fijian	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	0	0	0	90	20	65
Indonesian	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	0	0	0	60	30	35
Kankanaey	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	860	345	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	0	0	0	85	30	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	0	0	0	15	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	0	0	0	1,810	755	1,055
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	0	0	0	95	65	30
Creole languages	160	85	80	184,840	85,045	99,790	15	0	15	225	100	120
Haitian Creole	160	75	80	134,895	61,215	73,680	15	0	15	10	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	0	0	0	70	45	25
Sango	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	0	0	0	40	15	25
Creole, n.o.s.	40	15	25	31,220	14,400	16,825	0	0	0	55	20	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	0	0	0	50	20	30
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	0	0	0	545	295	250
Kannada	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	0	0	0	250	135	115
Tamil	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	0	0	0	305	150	155
Telugu	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	0	0	0	105	65	40
Tulu	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	450	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	165	100	65	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	110	60	45	9,250	4,935	4,310
Albanian	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	0	0	0	65	25	30
Armenian	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915	0	0	0	965	505	460
Baltic languages	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	0	0	0	10	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960	0	0	0	955	505	455
Belarusian	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	0	0	0	50	30	20
Czech	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	0	0	0	75	40	35
Macedonian	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	0	0	0	100	60	45
Russian	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860	0	0	0	545	295	250
Rusyn	0	0	0	680	345	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	0	0	0	165	85	80
Bosnian	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	0	0	0	45	30	10
Croatian	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	0	0	0	75	25	45
Serbian	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	0	0	0	80	45	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	0	0	0	20	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	0	0	0	125	45	80
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	0	0	0	95	35	70
Irish	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	0	0	0	55	20	40
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	910	495	415	0	0	0	25	10	10
Germanic languages	0	0	0	658,705	319,800	338,905	0	0	0	1,645	895	750
Frisian	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	453,995	222,215	231,780	0	0	0	1,090	590	500
German	0	0	0	419,195	204,840	214,355	0	0	0	1,075	580	500
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	0	0	0	30	15	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	0	0	0	325	160	165
Afrikaans	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	0	0	0	105	55	50
Dutch	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	0	0	0	220	105	120
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	0	0	0	305	210	95
Danish	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	0	0	0	110	80	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	0	0	0	40	30	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	0	0	0	150	110	40
Swedish	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	0	0	0	65	35	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0	15	15	0
Greek	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	0	0	0	90	60	35
Indo-Iranian languages	40	40	0	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	0	0	0	3,855	2,240	1,610
Indo-Aryan languages	40	40	0	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	0	0	0	3,280	1,965	1,315
Assamese	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	0	0	0	875	520	355
Gujarati	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	0	0	0	255	215	40
Hindi	40	40	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	0	0	0	1,565	1,040	525
Kacchi	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	0	0	0	20	10	10
Konkani	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	0	0	0	50	20	25
Nepali	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	0	0	0	45	25	20
Oriya languages	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	40	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	0	0	0	1,035	620	415
Rohingya	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	0	0	0	20	15	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	0	0	0	155	95	60
Urdu	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	0	0	0	550	285	265
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	0	0	0	30	15	20
Iranian languages	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	0	0	0	590	285	305
Baluchi	0	0	0	985	565	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	0	0	0	110	60	45
Parsi	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	0	0	0	515	245	270
Dari	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	0	0	0	445	220	225
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	0	0	0	50	25	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	60	65	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	90	50	40	3,005	1,415	1,580
Catalan	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	0	0	0	30	15	15
Italian	30	15	15	547,655	263,950	283,705	15	10	0	495	275	220
Portuguese	10	10	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	0	0	0	480	245	240
Romanian	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	0	0	0	110	60	50
Spanish	100	45	50	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	70	35	30	2,085	940	1,140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	0	0	0	45	30	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	0	0	0	195	100	100
Korean	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	0	0	0	225	90	135
Mongolian	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	30	10	267,520	131,495	136,025	0	0	0	1,200	655	545
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	0	0	0	135	80	55
Bamanankan	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	0	0	0	20	20	0
Éwé	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	25	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	0	0	0	20	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	0	0	0	205	115	95
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	0	0	0	10	0	10
Lingala	10	0	10	25,720	12,260	13,460	0	0	0	45	25	20
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	0	0	0	20	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	0	0	0	200	120	80
Soninke	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	0	0	0	25	0	20
Swahili	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	0	0	0	150	65	85
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	10	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	0	0	0	295	160	135
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	0	0	0	230	110	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	0	0	0	120	60	60
Dinka	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	0	0	0	70	30	40
Nuer	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	0	0	0	50	30	20
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0	35	30	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	0	0	0	965	410	560
American Sign Language	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	0	0	0	875	370	505
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	0	0	0	100	45	55
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	15	15	0	1,575	840	730
Chinese languages	0	0	0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	15	15	0	1,525	815	715
Hakka	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	0	0	0	15	10	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	987,300	452,995	534,305	0	0	0	1,170	620	550
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	0	0	0	45	20	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	15	15	0	395	205	190
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	0	0	0	60	35	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	0	0	0	45	25	20
Burmese	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	0	0	0	30	10	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	395	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0	0	0	15	15	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	0	0	0	75	25	50
Lao	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	0	0	0	15	10	10
Thai	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	0	0	0	75	25	50
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	800	330	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	0	0	0	215	110	105
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	0	0	0	45	20	25
Kazakh	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	0	0	0	35	15	20
Turkish	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	0	0	0	135	80	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	0	0	0	15	10	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	0	0	0	90	45	45
Estonian	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	0	0	0	15	15	0
Finnish	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	0	0	0	30	15	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	0	0	0	40	20	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	0	0	0	55	30	30
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,070	680	385	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	590	285	305	502,100	246,190	255,905
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	20	20	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	0	0	0	46,545	22,520	24,030
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	20	20	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	0	0	0	43,095	20,845	22,250
First Nations (North American Indian)	10	10	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	0	0	0	28,435	13,660	14,775
Métis	10	10	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	0	0	0	7,335	3,595	3,735
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	0	0	0	7,330	3,595	3,740
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	0	0	0	685	325	365
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	0	0	0	2,765	1,350	1,415
Non-Indigenous identity	1,050	660	385	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	580	285	300	455,550	223,675	231,880
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,070	680	385	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	590	285	305	502,100	246,190	255,905
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	0	0	0	22,720	10,895	11,825
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,065	675	385	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	590	285	305	479,375	235,290	244,080
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	540	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
Owner	30	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	45	...	...	169,010	...	...
Renter	500	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	290	...	...	53,680	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...	560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	540	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
Condominium	160	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	25	...	...	5,525	...	...
Not condominium	375	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	310	...	...	217,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	540	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	132,060	...	...	0	...	...	410	...	...
1 bedroom	290	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	180	...	...	13,045	...	...
2 bedrooms	205	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	100	...	...	53,000	...	...
3 bedrooms	30	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	45	...	...	102,545	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	10	...	...	54,255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	540	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	480	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	245	...	...	37,615	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	55	...	...	35,320	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	15	...	...	39,350	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	10	...	...	33,515	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	0	...	...	77,445	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.4	...	...	6.1	...	...	3.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	540	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
One person or fewer per room	475	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	330	...	...	222,260	...	...
More than one person per room	65	...	...	353,715	...	...	0	...	...	990	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	540	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
Suitable	420	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	305	...	...	219,400	...	...
Not suitable	120	...	...	805,650	...	...	25	...	...	3,850	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	540	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
1960 or before	90	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	150	...	...	40,635	...	...
1961 to 1980	315	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	145	...	...	71,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	55	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	10	...	...	33,065	...	...
1991 to 2000	50	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	10	...	...	26,115	...	...
2001 to 2005	15	...	...	959,860	...	...	0	...	...	12,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	0	...	...	14,825	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	967,540	...	...	0	...	...	15,980	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	10	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	0	...	...	9,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	540	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	470	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	295	...	...	211,050	...	...
Major repairs needed	65	...	...	919,545	...	...	35	...	...	12,205	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	540	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
One-maintainer household	365	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	225	...	...	115,610	...	...
Two-maintainer household	130	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	95	...	...	101,755	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	40	...	...	687,485	...	...	15	...	...	5,885	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	540	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
15 to 24 years	65	...	...	424,695	...	...	10	...	...	5,700	...	...
25 to 34 years	55	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	70	...	...	24,175	...	...
35 to 44 years	125	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	50	...	...	31,955	...	...
45 to 54 years	105	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	35	...	...	39,720	...	...
55 to 64 years	85	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	30	...	...	48,335	...	...
65 to 74 years	65	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	100	...	...	44,755	...	...
75 to 84 years	30	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	30	...	...	22,715	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	457,900	...	...	15	...	...	5,900	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	525	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	320	...	...	221,825	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	350	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	265	...	...	189,435	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	180	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	55	...	...	32,390	...	...
30% to less than 100%	160	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	55	...	...	30,070	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	540	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	330	...	...	223,250	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	310	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	115	...	...	45,625	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	140	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	50	...	...	29,865	...	...
Not suitable only	85	...	...	595,110	...	...	25	...	...	3,260	...	...
Major repairs needed only	35	...	...	645,465	...	...	30	...	...	9,710	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	135,770	...	...	0	...	...	290	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	199,355	...	...	0	...	...	2,195	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	64,095	...	...	0	...	...	260	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	0	...	...	40	...	...
Acceptable housing	225	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	220	...	...	177,630	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	505	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	325	...	...	219,505	...	...
In core need	135	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	45	...	...	17,525	...	...
Not in core need	370	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	275	...	...	201,980	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	45	...	...	168,660	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.1	...	...	60.0	...	...	66.7	...	...	47.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	14.8	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,410	...	...	750	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,950	...	...	1,014	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	x	...	...	472,000	...	...	650,000	...	...	240,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	720,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	660,000	...	...	246,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	505	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	285	...	...	53,615	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.8	...	...	11.7	...	...	31.6	...	...	19.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.3	...	...	33.2	...	...	17.9	...	...	32.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.4	...	...	20.0	...	...	16.1	...	...	20.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	1,070	...	...	770	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	784	...	...	1,209	...	...	760	...	...	903	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...	560	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	...	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	284	...	...	...	...	...	168	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	327	...	...	...	...	...	242	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,070	680	390	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	590	280	305	502,100	246,190	255,910
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15	15	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	10	10	0	31,845	15,325	16,520
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	10	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	10	10	0	30,850	14,800	16,050
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10	10	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	10	10	0	22,040	10,555	11,485
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	0	0	0	3,175	1,545	1,630
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	0	0	0	5,635	2,695	2,940
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	0	0	0	990	525	465
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	0	0	0	185	100	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0	0	0	260	130	130
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	0	0	0	445	250	195
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0	95	45	50
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	10	0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	25	15	10	26,945	13,065	13,880
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	10	0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	25	15	10	25,980	12,635	13,345
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	801,630	384,550	417,075	25	15	10	20,635	10,125	10,510
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	0	0	0	2,235	1,040	1,200
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	0	0	0	3,110	1,475	1,635
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	0	0	0	970	430	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	0	0	0	270	145	125
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	0	0	0	395	155	240
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	0	0	0	235	100	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	330	125	210	0	0	0	75	35	40
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,040	650	390	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	555	260	290	443,310	217,795	225,510
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,065	680	390	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	585	285	305	502,095	246,190	255,910
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	635	385	255	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	520	250	275	490,860	240,100	250,755
Canadian citizens aged under 18	170	110	60	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	80	30	50	82,250	42,485	39,765
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	465	275	190	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	445	220	220	408,605	197,615	210,995
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	435	295	135	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	65	35	30	11,240	6,090	5,150
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,065	680	390	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	585	285	305	502,095	246,190	255,910
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	385	255	130	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	375	175	195	482,615	236,005	246,610
Immigrants⁸¹	395	210	190	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	195	100	100	14,250	7,235	7,010
Before 1980	30	20	15	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	35	20	15	3,335	1,590	1,740
1980 to 1990	35	10	20	924,320	443,805	480,520	15	10	0	890	540	350
1991 to 2000	30	20	10	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	50	15	35	1,020	545	475
2001 to 2010	110	55	50	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	50	25	30	2,435	1,265	1,175
2011 to 2021⁸²	190	100	90	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	50	25	25	6,570	3,300	3,265
2011 to 2015	100	40	60	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	10	0	10	2,300	1,200	1,100
2016 to 2021	95	60	30	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	40	25	15	4,265	2,100	2,170
Non-permanent residents⁸³	285	220	75	924,850	499,490	425,365	15	10	10	5,235	2,955	2,285
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	395	210	190	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	195	95	100	14,250	7,240	7,010
Under 5 years	20	20	0	748,265	377,795	370,470	10	0	0	1,700	820	875
5 to 14 years	35	10	25	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	20	0	15	2,470	1,245	1,220
15 to 24 years	65	25	40	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	30	25	0	2,335	1,200	1,135
25 to 44 years	225	120	105	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	95	45	55	6,640	3,355	3,285
45 years and over	60	35	20	797,180	364,260	432,920	40	10	25	1,110	615	490
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	395	210	190	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	195	95	100	14,250	7,240	7,010
Americas	140	80	65	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	30	0	25	2,345	1,110	1,235
Brazil	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	0	0	0	90	40	50
Colombia	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	0	0	0	145	70	75
El Salvador	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	0	0	0	30	15	20
Guyana	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	0	0	0	20	10	10
Haiti	95	55	45	99,945	44,585	55,360	10	0	10	10	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	0	0	0	220	100	125
Mexico	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	0	0	0	25	15	15
Peru	15	10	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	0	0	0	20	10	15
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	0	0	0	65	25	35
United States of America	0	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	0	0	0	1,390	695	690
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	15	250,760	116,305	134,460	20	0	10	325	130	200
Europe	15	0	10	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	40	25	20	4,290	2,340	1,945
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	0	0	0	40	25	10
Croatia	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	0	0	0	45	25	20
France	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685	25	10	15	190	85	105
Germany	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	0	0	0	245	150	95
Greece	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	0	0	0	25	15	0
Hungary	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italy	15	0	10	204,065	101,445	102,625	0	0	0	95	55	40
Netherlands	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	0	0	0	100	60	40
Poland	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	0	0	0	60	40	25
Portugal	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	0	0	0	80	35	45
Romania	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	0	0	0	100	45	55
Russian Federation	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	0	0	0	125	60	70
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	0	0	0	75	25	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	0	0	0	2,300	1,235	1,070
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	0	0	0	780	475	305
Africa	235	125	110	821,735	412,365	409,375	60	35	20	1,895	1,065	835
Algeria	45	20	25	79,660	41,065	38,600	15	10	10	30	15	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	0	0	0	80	40	40
Egypt	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	0	0	0	205	145	60
Eritrea	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	0	0	0	155	95	60
Ethiopia	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	0	0	0	75	40	35
Morocco	125	70	55	81,775	41,085	40,685	20	15	10	20	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	0	0	0	455	260	200
Somalia	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	0	0	0	15	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	0	0	0	185	95	85
Other places of birth in Africa	55	35	20	314,995	157,170	157,825	15	0	10	675	345	325
Asia	10	0	10	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	65	30	35	5,590	2,680	2,910
Afghanistan	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	0	0	0	140	70	70
Iraq	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	0	0	0	190	95	90
Lebanon	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	10	0	10	80	45	30
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	0	0	0	485	245	240
Turkey	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	0	0	0	55	40	15
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	715,835	317,970	397,860	0	0	0	630	280	350
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	0	0	0	85	45	45
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	0	0	0	105	25	75
Taiwan	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	0	0	0	50	20	35
Philippines	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	0	0	0	1,655	685	965
Viet Nam	0	0	0	182,095	82,670	99,425	25	15	15	90	45	45
Bangladesh	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	0	0	0	230	130	105
India	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	0	0	0	830	480	355
Pakistan	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	0	0	0	220	90	130
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030	0	0	0	100	50	50
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	0	0	0	635	340	300
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	0	0	0	130	40	90
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	90	60	35	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	40	25	15	4,270	2,100	2,170
Americas	30	20	10	154,490	74,275	80,215	0	0	0	430	200	225
Brazil	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	0	0	0	25	10	20
Colombia	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	0	0	0	20	15	0
Haiti	30	20	10	10,550	5,155	5,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	0	0	0	145	60	80
Mexico	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	0	0	0	20	15	10
United States of America	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	0	0	0	145	70	70
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	0	0	0	70	25	45
Europe	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	0	0	0	395	235	165
France	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	0	0	0	30	15	20
Germany	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	0	0	0	30	20	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	0	0	0	55	30	25
Italy	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	0	0	0	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	0	0	0	25	15	15
Ukraine	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	0	0	0	125	90	35
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	0	0	0	105	60	45
Africa	65	40	20	206,965	102,875	104,090	25	10	10	910	490	425
Algeria	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	0	0	0	10	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	0	0	0	55	25	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	0	0	0	40	25	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	0	0	0	100	60	45
Ethiopia	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	0	0	0	20	0	15
Morocco	20	10	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	15	0	0	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	0	0	0	300	175	120
Somalia	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	0	0	0	65	35	25
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	0	0	0	65	35	30
Tunisia	25	20	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	0	0	0	35	15	25
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	0	0	0	210	100	115
Asia	0	0	0	823,205	393,110	430,090	0	0	0	2,520	1,170	1,345
Afghanistan	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	0	0	0	80	45	35
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	0	0	0	200	85	115
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	0	0	0	320	200	125
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	0	0	0	35	20	15
Iraq	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	0	0	0	60	20	35
Israel	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	0	0	0	20	15	10
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	0	0	0	35	0	35
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	0	0	0	55	30	20
Nepal	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	0	0	0	100	45	55
Philippines	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	0	0	0	940	380	555
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	0	0	0	25	10	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	0	0	0	20	15	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	0	0	0	400	210	190
Turkey	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	0	0	0	30	25	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	0	0	0	35	0	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	0	0	0	35	15	20
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	0	0	0	105	35	65
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	0	0	0	15	0	10
Australia	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,070	675	390	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	585	285	300	502,095	246,190	255,905
First generation¹⁰⁰	685	425	260	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	220	100	115	21,365	11,110	10,255
Second generation¹⁰¹	190	125	70	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	85	35	45	17,835	9,075	8,760
Third generation or more¹⁰²	190	135	55	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	285	145	140	462,900	226,010	236,895
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	365	190	175	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	165	80	90	10,915	5,645	5,270
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	160	90	70	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	105	45	65	6,385	3,360	3,030
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	110	75	35	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	65	25	35	3,015	1,875	1,140
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	50	15	35	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	45	10	25	3,370	1,480	1,890
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	165	65	100	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	40	25	15	2,690	1,350	1,335
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	15	0	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	20	15	10	1,780	900	880
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	15	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	0	0	0	60	35	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	365	190	175	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	165	80	90	10,915	5,645	5,270
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	30	15	416,105	222,895	193,205	20	10	10	205	110	95
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	10	705,405	324,370	381,035	40	15	25	2,450	1,295	1,160
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	20	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	0	0	0	520	310	210
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	10	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	10	10	0	1,180	695	485
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	0	0	0	70	30	40
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	270	130	150	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	90	45	45	6,480	3,200	3,280
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,070	675	390	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	590	285	305	502,100	246,190	255,905
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	665	395	270	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	180	80	95	16,855	8,800	8,050
South Asian	25	25	0	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	0	0	0	4,545	2,575	1,970
Chinese	0	0	0	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	20	20	0	2,005	1,020	980
Black	265	150	115	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	55	20	35	3,590	1,930	1,660
Filipino	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	0	0	0	2,270	1,000	1,270
Arab	265	170	100	694,015	362,845	331,170	35	15	20	1,740	1,035	705
Latin American	50	20	30	580,235	281,030	299,200	10	10	10	755	355	400
Southeast Asian	35	25	10	390,340	184,120	206,220	35	20	10	505	240	275
West Asian	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	0	0	0	550	265	285
Korean	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	0	0	0	220	80	140
Japanese	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	0	0	0	85	30	50
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	0	0	0	205	105	95
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	0	0	0	395	175	220
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	405	285	120	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	410	200	210	485,240	237,385	247,855
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,065	680	390	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	585	285	305	502,095	246,190	255,910
Canadian	35	25	10	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	120	60	60	125,120	60,915	64,200
English	0	0	0	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	15	0	0	175,045	84,765	90,280
Irish	15	15	0	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	10	0	0	122,115	59,270	62,845
Scottish	0	0	0	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	0	0	0	33,270	16,045	17,230
French, n.o.s.¹²²	100	75	30	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	155	65	85	22,925	11,115	11,815
German	0	0	0	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	0	0	0	7,335	3,655	3,680
Chinese	0	0	0	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	25	20	0	2,265	1,135	1,130
Italian	45	30	20	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	35	15	15	2,290	1,140	1,155
Indian (India)	20	20	0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	0	0	0	2,765	1,505	1,260
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	0	0	0	1,505	720	785
Dutch	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	0	0	0	1,830	940	890
Polish	0	0	0	982,820	472,290	510,525	10	0	0	1,290	620	670
Québécois	35	25	15	981,635	490,130	491,510	45	30	20	315	150	160
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	0	0	0	18,305	9,090	9,215
Filipino	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	0	0	0	2,255	1,010	1,240
French Canadian	0	0	0	906,315	441,610	464,705	15	0	15	720	295	425
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	691,260	347,080	344,175	10	10	0	26,565	12,765	13,795
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	10	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	10	10	0	10,820	5,180	5,635
Métis	10	10	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	0	0	0	6,715	3,255	3,460
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	0	0	0	8,625	4,295	4,325
Russian	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	0	0	0	680	335	345
Norwegian	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	0	0	0	1,840	920	915
Welsh	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	0	0	0	5,750	2,980	2,770
Portuguese	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	0	0	0	1,215	595	615
American	0	0	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	0	0	0	2,180	1,060	1,120
Spanish	25	0	20	342,040	160,475	181,570	0	0	0	1,160	555	605
Swedish	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	0	0	0	1,035	485	550
Hungarian	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	0	0	0	325	160	165
Acadian	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	0	0	0	1,100	505	595
Pakistani	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	0	0	0	270	145	125
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	55	30	25	301,955	148,335	153,625	10	0	0	725	375	340
Jewish	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	0	0	0	550	340	210
Punjabi	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	0	0	0	285	140	145
Vietnamese	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	30	25	10	175	95	85
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	150	85	65	263,710	138,210	125,500	25	10	15	830	470	360
Greek	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	0	0	0	365	190	175
Jamaican	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	0	0	0	320	170	150
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	0	0	0	525	275	245
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	0	0	0	305	130	175
Korean	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	0	0	0	225	85	145
Romanian	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	0	0	0	300	120	180
Lebanese	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615	15	0	15	775	420	350
Iranian	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	0	0	0	430	210	225
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	0	0	0	1,960	970	995
Danish	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	0	0	0	690	350	340
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	10	10	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	0	0	0	3,585	1,745	1,840
Sikh	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	0	0	0	150	70	80
Austrian	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	0	0	0	325	155	170
Belgian	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	0	0	0	265	145	120
Haitian	150	70	75	178,990	84,510	94,490	25	10	20	10	10	0
Hindu	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	0	0	0	125	70	55
Mexican	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	0	0	0	135	60	75
Mennonite	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	0	0	0	65	30	30
Swiss	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	0	0	0	275	135	135
Finnish	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	0	0	0	235	100	140
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	0	0	0	125	65	60
Croatian	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	0	0	0	105	50	55
Japanese	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	10	0	0	150	85	65
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	0	0	0	175	75	100
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	0	0	0	18,870	9,245	9,625
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	0	0	0	1,230	680	555
Muslim	45	35	10	105,620	54,095	51,525	0	0	0	320	165	160
Egyptian	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	0	0	0	390	250	140
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	0	0	0	155	85	75
Tamil	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	0	0	0	90	50	35
Icelandic	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	0	0	0	170	100	65
Colombian	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	0	0	0	160	85	80
Moroccan	95	60	35	99,980	50,835	49,150	15	0	10	50	25	25
Czech	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	0	0	0	195	100	85
Syrian	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	0	0	0	335	210	125
Guyanese	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	0	0	0	65	30	35
Afghan	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	0	0	0	10	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	0	0	0	200	125	70
Serbian	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	0	0	0	50	25	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	0	0	0	195	105	95
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	0	0	0	34,640	17,120	17,515
Hong Konger	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ontarian	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	0	0	0	435	180	250
Persian	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	0	0	0	105	55	55
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	0	0	0	100	55	45
Turkish	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	0	0	0	160	85	65
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	0	0	0	9,365	4,445	4,925
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	0	0	0	545	325	220
Algerian	105	80	20	73,770	38,035	35,740	15	0	10	25	10	15
Brazilian	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	0	0	0	185	110	75
Nigerian	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	0	0	0	425	215	215
Armenian	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	0	0	0	25	10	15
Slovak	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	0	0	0	55	30	25
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	0	0	0	290	135	155
Somali	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	0	0	0	55	30	25
Iraqi	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	0	0	0	95	50	40
Salvadorean	10	10	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	0	0	0	30	15	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	0	0	0	50	20	25
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	0	0	0	110	45	60
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	0	0	0	215	120	95
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	0	0	0	65	25	50
Algonquin	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	0	0	0	120	75	45
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	0	0	0	80	50	30
Lithuanian	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	0	0	0	50	25	25
South African	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	0	0	0	185	140	40
Australian	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	0	0	0	175	75	100
Palestinian	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	0	0	0	135	75	55
Chilean	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	0	0	0	60	35	25
Congolese	10	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	0	0	0	110	30	75
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	0	0	0	430	200	230
Ethiopian	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	0	0	0	35	10	20
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	0	0	0	60	45	15
Peruvian	15	10	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	0	0	0	80	30	55
Yoruba	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	0	0	0	325	185	140
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	0	0	0	20	10	10
Berber	50	40	10	41,700	22,325	19,370	30	10	20	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	0	0	0	80	30	50
Maltese	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	0	0	0	130	85	50
Macedonian	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	0	0	0	30	15	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	0	0	0	640	285	355
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	0	0	0	150	70	80
Gujarati	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	0	0	0	45	35	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	0	0	0	180	105	80
African Canadian	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	0	0	0	70	40	30
Israeli	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	0	0	0	30	20	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	0	0	0	75	35	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	0	0	0	70	25	45
Bulgarian	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	0	0	0	80	40	50
Albertan	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	0	0	0	70	40	30
Ghanaian	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	0	0	0	125	75	50
Barbadian	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	0	0	0	85	30	55
African American	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	0	0	0	145	80	65
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	0	0	0	60	20	35
Tunisian	45	20	25	30,465	16,585	13,875	0	0	0	80	40	45
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	0	0	0	55	35	20
Cuban	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	0	0	0	135	65	65
Bosnian	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	0	0	0	65	35	25
Venezuelan	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	0	0	0	50	25	25
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	0	0	0	2,350	1,160	1,185
Latvian	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	0	0	0	95	70	25
Bengali	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	0	0	0	150	120	30
Cameroonian	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	0	0	0	30	10	15
Guatemalan	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	0	0	0	30	10	20
Indonesian	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	0	0	0	50	25	25
Laotian	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	0	0	0	20	0	10
Northern Irish	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	0	0	0	110	45	60
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	0	0	0	350	205	145
British Columbian	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	0	0	0	30	15	15
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	0	0	0	15	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	0	0	0	20	10	10
Argentinian	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	0	0	0	25	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	0	0	0	20	20	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	0	0	0	80	45	35
Fijian	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	0	0	0	70	45	25
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	0	0	0	495	245	250
Coptic	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	0	0	0	75	35	40
Thai	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	0	0	0	95	35	60
Dominican	10	0	10	22,125	10,615	11,510	0	0	0	30	20	10
Nepali	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	0	0	0	35	20	20
Kabyle	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	0	0	0	170	95	70
Byelorussian	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	0	0	0	25	15	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	0	0	0	30	0	30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	0	0	0	25	15	10
Abenaki	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	0	0	0	10	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	0	0	0	15	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	0	0	0	45	20	20
New Zealander	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	0	0	0	15	0	10
Sudanese	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	0	0	0	120	70	45
Breton	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	0	0	0	30	20	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	0	0	0	60	30	20
Plains Cree	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	0	0	0	45	15	30
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	25	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	0	0	0	10	0	10
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	0	0	0	10	10	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	0	0	0	40	25	15
Buddhist	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	0	0	0	15	0	10
Gaspesian	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	0	0	0	80	50	25
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	0	0	0	45	15	30
Ivorian	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	0	0	0	60	25	40
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	0	0	0	40	25	15
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	0	0	0	55	35	25
Kenyan	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	0	0	0	25	20	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	0	0	0	10	0	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	0	0	0	70	40	25
Manitoban	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	0	0	0	20	15	10
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	0	0	0	125	55	70
Rwandan	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	0	0	0	15	10	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	0	0	0	70	35	35
Chaldean	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	0	0	0	50	35	15
Mayan	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	0	0	0	25	10	15
Honduran	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	0	0	0	25	10	15
Cherokee	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	0	0	0	120	50	65
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	0	0	0	7,220	3,430	3,795
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	0	0	0	45	20	25
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	0	0	0	10	0	10
Senegalese	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sicilian	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	0	0	0	15	10	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	0	0	0	25	15	10
Goan	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	0	0	0	115	85	35
Burmese	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	0	0	0	30	0	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	0	0	0	10	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ugandan	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	0	0	0	30	15	10
Yemeni	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	0	0	0	50	25	25
Central African	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	0	0	0	30	10	25
Libyan	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	0	0	0	90	60	30
Basque	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	0	0	0	115	60	55
Uruguayan	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	0	0	0	25	0	15
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	0	0	0	70	40	25
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	15	15	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	20	10	10	7,390	3,700	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	0	0	0	40	20	20
Maliseet	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	0	0	0	10	10	0
Beninese	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	15	0	10	10	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	0	0	0	40	20	20
Roma	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	0	0	0	15	10	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	0	0	0	35	20	25
Malagasy	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	0	0	0	15	10	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	0	0	0	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	0	0	0	10	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tajik	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,070	680	390	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	590	280	305	502,100	246,195	255,905
Buddhist	0	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540	0	0	0	490	240	250
Christian	395	215	180	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	300	130	170	413,915	199,150	214,765
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	40	25	20	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	40	20	20	15,590	7,710	7,880
Anabaptist	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	0	0	0	105	50	60
Anglican	0	0	0	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	0	0	0	108,030	52,080	55,945
Baptist	20	0	15	436,940	200,325	236,615	0	0	0	1,115	515	605
Catholic	255	150	105	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	255	105	150	159,875	76,450	83,425
Christian Orthodox	10	0	10	623,010	301,055	321,955	0	0	0	700	395	305
Jehovah's Witness	30	15	20	137,255	59,505	77,750	0	0	0	1,490	685	810
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	0	0	0	170	65	110
Lutheran	0	0	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	0	0	0	300	175	125
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	0	0	0	29,830	14,505	15,325
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	0	0	0	28,645	13,650	15,000
Presbyterian	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	0	0	0	1,165	535	630
Reformed	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	0	0	0	25	10	15
United Church	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	0	0	0	60,670	29,340	31,330
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	25	15	15	745,650	345,540	400,110	0	0	0	6,205	2,990	3,215
Hindu	10	10	0	828,195	430,135	398,060	0	0	0	1,200	720	485
Jewish	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	0	0	0	240	115	125
Muslim	460	300	160	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	35	20	20	3,995	2,085	1,910
Sikh	30	30	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	0	0	0	855	490	365
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	0	0	0	105	50	55
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	0	0	0	965	375	585
No religion and secular perspectives	175	125	45	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	225	120	105	80,330	42,965	37,370
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,060	675	385	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	580	280	295	498,445	244,285	254,160
Non-movers	860	525	335	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	490	240	250	453,375	222,680	230,695
Movers	195	150	50	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	85	40	50	45,070	21,600	23,465
Non-migrants	85	60	30	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	70	30	40	24,890	11,770	13,115
Migrants	110	90	25	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	20	10	0	20,180	9,830	10,350
Internal migrants	0	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	10	0	0	19,020	9,195	9,830
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	10	0	0	12,470	5,845	6,620
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	0	0	0	6,550	3,345	3,205
External migrants	100	80	15	293,955	147,585	146,370	15	10	0	1,160	635	525
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	990	630	365	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	565	275	290	483,165	236,510	246,655
Non-movers	415	245	170	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	295	140	155	342,910	168,510	174,400
Movers	570	380	190	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	270	140	130	140,255	68,000	72,255
Non-migrants	200	130	65	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	170	80	85	52,775	25,485	27,290
Migrants	370	250	125	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	100	60	40	87,485	42,520	44,965
Internal migrants	50	25	25	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	45	25	20	79,865	38,480	41,380
Intraprovincial migrants	40	15	15	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	45	25	20	60,000	28,435	31,570
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	10	921,345	459,695	461,650	0	0	0	19,860	10,045	9,815
External migrants	325	225	100	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	55	35	20	7,615	4,035	3,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	875	555	315	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	505	255	255	433,955	211,180	222,775
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	160	100	65	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	100	50	50	96,375	51,060	45,315
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	715	460	250	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	405	205	200	337,580	160,120	177,465
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	560	360	200	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	310	165	145	267,785	129,445	138,340
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	75	50	25	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	25	25	0	38,650	22,395	16,260
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	485	310	180	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	285	145	140	229,130	107,050	122,085
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	875	560	315	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	505	250	255	433,960	211,180	222,775
No certificate, diploma or degree	150	95	55	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	95	45	45	88,710	45,165	43,545
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	195	130	65	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	85	30	55	119,855	56,485	63,370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	530	335	195	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	325	175	150	225,390	109,530	115,860
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	295	165	130	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	165	85	80	153,200	79,195	74,005
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	90	40	55	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	50	35	20	42,715	31,445	11,275
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	70	20	50	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	40	25	20	21,280	12,615	8,665
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	15	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	10	10	0	21,440	18,830	2,610
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	125	55	70	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	90	50	45	101,680	44,065	57,610
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75	70	10	896,755	372,560	524,195	20	0	20	8,810	3,690	5,125
Bachelor's degree or higher	235	165	65	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	165	90	70	72,190	30,330	41,855
Bachelor's degree	115	85	30	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	75	50	30	47,145	19,210	27,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	60	50	10	556,510	243,200	313,310	20	10	10	3,245	1,445	1,795
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	10	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	0	0	0	2,035	1,055	980
Master's degree	45	30	20	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	55	30	25	17,150	6,990	10,165
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	10	0	0	2,610	1,635	975
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	555	355	200	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	315	165	150	267,785	129,445	138,340
No certificate, diploma or degree	60	45	15	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	25	20	0	33,800	18,755	15,045
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	135	85	50	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	50	20	25	65,265	31,435	33,830
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	360	225	140	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	240	125	115	168,720	79,250	89,465
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	180	100	75	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	105	55	50	112,935	57,120	55,820
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	70	30	35	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	35	20	10	30,020	22,075	7,945
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	50	15	35	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	25	15	10	14,940	8,940	6,005
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	15	0	836,220	693,830	142,395	0	0	0	15,080	13,140	1,940
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	25	30	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	65	30	30	77,280	32,585	44,700
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	50	40	10	623,090	261,035	362,050	10	0	10	5,635	2,460	3,175
Bachelor's degree or higher	180	125	60	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	135	75	60	55,780	22,135	33,650
Bachelor's degree	75	55	25	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	60	35	25	35,885	14,135	21,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	40	10	430,875	179,230	251,645	15	10	10	2,455	995	1,460
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	0	0	0	1,675	785	890
Master's degree	50	25	20	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	50	25	20	13,875	5,115	8,765
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	10	0	0	1,895	1,105	785
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	875	560	315	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	510	255	250	433,955	211,180	222,775
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	345	225	125	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	180	75	105	208,565	101,650	106,915
Education	15	0	15	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	25	10	10	18,310	5,555	12,750
13. Education	15	0	15	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	25	10	10	18,310	5,555	12,750
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	631,255	274,065	357,190	40	25	20	3,630	1,670	1,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	0	0	0	525	415	115
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	556,470	220,680	335,790	40	25	20	3,100	1,250	1,845
Humanities	40	35	10	926,560	354,120	572,440	30	10	20	7,650	3,285	4,365
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	0	0	0	525	135	390
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	0	0	0	2,020	760	1,260
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	316,050	119,215	196,830	15	0	15	1,820	665	1,155
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	0	0	0	250	130	120
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	0	0	0	660	370	295
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	0	0	0	1,115	665	450
54. History	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	15	0	10	785	470	315
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	0	0	0	475	100	380
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60	30	30	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	25	15	10	15,250	4,540	10,705
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	0	0	0	240	45	195
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200	10	0	0	880	375	505
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240	0	0	0	3,715	260	3,460
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	325,785	115,335	210,445	0	0	0	1,980	665	1,315
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	0	0	0	130	40	90
42. Psychology	0	0	0	327,965	79,295	248,665	0	0	0	3,090	710	2,375
45. Social sciences	30	15	20	705,540	336,960	368,580	0	0	0	5,210	2,450	2,765
Business, management and public administration	105	55	50	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	70	35	40	48,125	11,635	36,490
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	0	0	0	90	20	75
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	10	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	0	0	0	2,845	430	2,410
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	95	45	50	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	70	35	35	45,195	11,195	34,005
Physical and life sciences and technologies	50	35	15	719,715	353,540	366,175	15	0	10	5,875	2,915	2,960
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435	10	0	0	2,525	1,070	1,455
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	20	10	155,955	72,245	83,705	0	0	0	1,255	595	665
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	0	0	0	115	20	95
40. Physical sciences	15	10	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	0	0	0	1,725	1,150	570
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	0	0	0	255	80	175
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60	45	10	804,230	531,435	272,795	15	15	0	8,180	4,515	3,665
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	45	40	10	643,145	454,370	188,775	15	15	0	6,920	3,960	2,960
25. Library science	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	0	0	0	450	45	400
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	0	0	0	740	440	300
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	0	0	0	75	70	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	85	85	0	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	65	50	15	57,910	52,800	5,115
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	10	0	0	335	230	100
14. Engineering	65	65	0	900,475	723,080	177,395	10	0	0	6,545	5,290	1,255
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	10	10	0	13,965	11,610	2,355
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	580	190	390	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	0	0	0	17,805	17,160	645
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	20	20	0	12,505	12,070	435
48. Precision production	10	10	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	20	10	0	6,745	6,435	310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	0	0	0	4,250	2,475	1,775
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	0	0	0	1,735	630	1,105
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	0	0	0	2,515	1,850	670
Health and related fields	90	35	55	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	30	0	25	33,535	5,660	27,875
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	0	0	0	1,570	765	800
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	90	30	55	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	30	0	15	31,065	4,415	26,650
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	0	0	0	120	35	85
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	0	0	0	785	445	340
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	0	15	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	0	0	0	22,650	14,470	8,180
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	548,520	151,115	397,410	0	0	0	9,190	2,260	6,925
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	0	0	0	20	15	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	0	0	0	110	95	15
43. Security and protective services	15	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	0	0	0	2,180	1,655	525
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	0	0	0	11,155	10,450	710
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	0	0	0	35	15	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	560	355	200	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	310	165	150	267,785	129,445	138,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	200	130	65	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	75	40	35	99,065	50,190	48,875
Education	15	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990	15	0	10	11,025	2,785	8,240
13. Education	15	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990	15	0	10	11,025	2,785	8,240
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	490,455	210,500	279,955	30	15	10	2,860	1,265	1,595
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	0	0	0	330	250	80
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	435,815	172,330	263,480	30	15	10	2,535	1,015	1,515
Humanities	20	15	0	649,695	241,235	408,465	20	0	10	5,215	2,150	3,065
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	0	0	0	375	100	275
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	0	0	0	1,300	470	835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	15	0	10	1,325	470	860
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	0	0	0	185	90	90
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	0	0	0	480	255	235
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	0	0	0	650	375	270
54. History	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	0	0	0	575	340	235
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	0	0	0	320	55	265
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	15	20	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	15	10	10	12,275	3,320	8,955
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	0	0	0	215	40	175
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350	0	0	0	720	285	435
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875	0	0	0	3,130	215	2,915
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	0	0	0	1,625	455	1,160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	0	0	0	105	30	75
42. Psychology	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	0	0	0	2,395	500	1,900
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	549,090	254,250	294,840	0	0	0	4,090	1,790	2,305
Business, management and public administration	75	40	35	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	65	35	30	36,780	8,440	28,340
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	0	0	0	75	10	65
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	0	0	0	2,235	265	1,970
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	35	35	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	60	35	30	34,470	8,170	26,310
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35	25	10	513,555	241,780	271,785	10	0	10	4,340	2,110	2,230
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075	10	0	0	1,890	765	1,120
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	10	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	0	0	0	885	410	475
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	0	0	0	85	20	60
40. Physical sciences	15	15	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	0	0	0	1,345	865	480
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	0	0	0	140	40	100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	15	0	667,305	445,970	221,330	15	15	0	7,170	3,980	3,190
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	15	0	554,185	392,835	161,350	15	15	0	6,265	3,615	2,650
25. Library science	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	0	0	0	340	40	300
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	0	0	0	515	280	235
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	0	0	0	55	45	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	70	70	0	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	50	35	15	42,160	37,625	4,525
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	10	0	0	240	160	85
14. Engineering	55	55	0	724,235	568,385	155,850	10	0	0	5,290	4,165	1,125
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	10	10	0	10,780	8,640	2,145
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	510	160	350	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	0	0	0	12,995	12,460	540
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	10	10	0	8,240	7,870	370
48. Precision production	10	10	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	0	0	0	4,600	4,340	260
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	0	0	0	3,435	1,920	1,520
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	0	0	0	1,360	470	890
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	0	0	0	2,075	1,445	630
Health and related fields	70	35	40	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	20	10	15	25,500	4,245	21,260
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	0	0	0	1,215	605	610
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	70	25	40	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	20	10	10	23,530	3,275	20,255
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	0	0	0	115	30	85
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	0	0	0	645	340	305
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	0	772,450	399,835	372,615	0	0	0	17,925	11,395	6,530
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	414,520	112,935	301,590	0	0	0	7,255	1,750	5,505
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	0	0	0	20	15	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	0	0	0	80	65	15
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	0	0	0	1,765	1,325	445
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	0	0	0	8,805	8,245	560
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	0	0	0	30	15	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	560	355	200	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	310	165	150	267,785	129,445	138,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	200	130	65	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	75	40	35	99,065	50,190	48,875
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	360	225	135	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	240	125	110	168,720	79,250	89,465
Location of study inside Canada	145	80	65	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	190	100	95	161,880	76,015	85,870
Same as province or territory of residence	135	75	65	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	190	95	95	137,745	64,835	72,910
Different than province or territory of residence	10	10	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	0	0	0	24,140	11,175	12,960
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	215	150	75	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	45	25	15	6,840	3,240	3,600
Americas	80	50	30	483,810	238,040	245,775	0	0	0	1,625	730	895
United States of America	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435	0	0	0	1,160	555	615
Mexico	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	0	0	0	40	15	25
Cuba	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	0	0	0	15	0	0
Haiti	65	45	20	10,620	5,645	4,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	0	0	0	115	50	70
Brazil	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	0	0	0	85	35	60
Colombia	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	0	0	0	15	0	10
Peru	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	0	0	0	15	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	0	0	0	20	0	15
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	0	0	0	140	65	85
Europe	15	0	0	543,725	281,205	262,520	10	10	0	1,735	1,000	735
Belgium	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	0	0	0	20	15	10
France	0	0	0	97,770	53,930	43,840	10	10	0	100	45	55
Germany	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	0	0	0	120	80	45
Netherlands	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	0	0	0	10	10	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	0	0	0	20	15	10
Hungary	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	0	0	0	10	0	10
Romania	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	0	0	0	25	20	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	0	0	0	60	20	40
Ukraine	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	0	0	0	40	10	30
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	0	0	0	160	90	65
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	0	0	0	945	575	370
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	0	0	0	30	20	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	0	0	0	180	100	80
Africa	105	75	30	216,815	111,010	105,805	15	10	10	685	350	335
Nigeria	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	0	0	0	205	85	125
Algeria	35	30	10	33,230	17,020	16,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	45	25	20	23,640	12,125	11,510	0	0	0	35	15	20
Tunisia	15	15	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	0	0	0	35	20	10
Egypt	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	0	0	0	130	70	65
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	0	0	0	65	35	25
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	0	0	0	210	120	95
Asia	20	15	0	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	15	15	0	2,635	1,100	1,535
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	0	0	0	245	110	135
Iraq	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	0	0	0	75	40	35
Israel	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	0	0	0	30	15	20
Turkey	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	0	0	0	35	15	20
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	0	0	0	200	100	100
Taiwan	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	0	0	0	25	10	15
Japan	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	0	0	0	30	10	20
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	0	0	0	75	15	65
Philippines	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	0	0	0	955	355	600
Viet Nam	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	0	0	0	45	25	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	0	0	0	120	55	70
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	0	0	0	70	40	30
India	15	15	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	0	0	0	515	260	260
Pakistan	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	0	0	0	70	20	50
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	0	0	0	125	40	80
Oceania	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	0	0	0	160	65	90
Australia	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	0	0	0	145	60	80
New Zealand	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	875	560	315	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	505	250	255	433,960	211,180	222,775
In the labour force	520	350	165	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	305	165	140	243,330	123,685	119,645
Employed	480	315	160	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	285	155	135	206,285	101,475	104,810
Unemployed	40	30	10	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	15	0	0	37,045	22,210	14,835
Not in the labour force	355	210	150	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	200	90	115	190,625	87,500	103,130
Participation rate	59.4	62.5	52.4	63.7	67.7	59.8	60.4	66.0	54.9	56.1	58.6	53.7
Employment rate	54.9	56.3	50.8	57.1	60.9	53.4	56.4	62.0	52.9	47.5	48.1	47.0
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.6	6.1	10.3	9.9	10.7	4.9	0.0	0.0	15.2	18.0	12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	875	560	315	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	510	255	250	433,955	211,180	222,775
Did not work¹⁸⁶	430	270	155	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	190	100	85	183,800	83,580	100,220
Worked	450	285	160	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	315	150	165	250,155	127,600	122,555
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	190	115	75	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	175	75	95	119,335	59,590	59,750
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	260	175	90	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	140	75	65	130,815	68,005	62,810
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.6	37.8	37.2	41.0	41.7	40.3	39.6	40.4	39.0	37.8	36.8	38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	515	350	170	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	300	165	145	243,330	123,685	119,650
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	20	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	0	0	0	6,930	3,810	3,120
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	490	330	165	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	300	160	145	236,405	119,880	116,525
Employee	430	280	145	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	280	140	135	217,070	108,290	108,780
Permanent position	300	200	100	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	215	110	105	153,520	73,940	79,585
Temporary position	135	80	50	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	60	30	30	63,545	34,345	29,200
Fixed term (1 year or more)	75	40	35	867,740	386,965	480,775	45	20	25	13,300	5,940	7,360
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	60	45	15	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	20	15	0	50,245	28,405	21,840
Self-employed¹⁹²	60	45	15	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	15	15	0	19,335	11,590	7,745
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	515	350	170	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	300	165	145	243,330	123,685	119,650
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	20	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	0	0	0	6,930	3,810	3,120
All occupations¹⁹¹	490	330	165	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	300	160	145	236,405	119,880	116,525
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	0	0	0	2,045	1,195	845
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80	40	40	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	65	30	30	32,540	8,655	23,880
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	15	0	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	40	30	10	15,155	11,765	3,390
3 Health occupations	60	25	35	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	20	0	15	21,510	3,785	17,730
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	35	10	20	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	50	30	25	33,725	9,490	24,235
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	596,785	275,420	321,360	20	15	0	4,735	2,040	2,700
6 Sales and service occupations	155	100	60	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	80	30	50	59,440	24,065	35,370
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	90	90	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	10	10	0	47,285	43,685	3,600
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	0	0	0	10,740	8,785	1,960
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	50	40	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	10	0	0	9,225	6,410	2,820
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	515	350	170	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	300	165	145	243,330	123,685	119,650
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25	20	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	0	0	0	6,930	3,810	3,120
All industries¹⁹¹	490	330	165	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	300	160	145	236,405	119,880	116,525
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	0	0	0	9,425	7,130	2,290
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	0	0	0	9,715	8,125	1,590
22 Utilities	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	0	0	0	2,795	2,100	690
23 Construction	10	10	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	0	0	0	19,380	17,220	2,160
31-33 Manufacturing	55	50	0	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	25	20	10	11,670	7,960	3,705
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	610,295	406,960	203,335	0	0	0	4,780	3,570	1,210
44-45 Retail trade	50	30	25	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	40	20	20	29,955	13,220	16,730
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	60	60	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	0	0	0	11,815	8,955	2,865
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	400,460	237,940	162,520	15	10	10	2,740	1,495	1,240
52 Finance and insurance	20	10	15	815,225	358,145	457,080	20	10	10	4,610	1,530	3,080
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	10	0	0	2,125	1,285	845
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	0	10	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	20	20	0	11,525	6,680	4,845
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	0	0	0	260	135	130
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	65	50	20	792,600	457,880	334,725	10	10	0	7,470	4,505	2,970
61 Educational services	0	0	0	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	30	10	15	17,205	5,565	11,635
62 Health care and social assistance	120	45	75	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	60	25	35	40,245	6,895	33,345
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	10	10	0	3,765	1,895	1,875
72 Accommodation and food services	30	25	10	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	10	0	10	15,310	6,005	9,310
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	10	0	797,935	373,775	424,165	25	20	0	9,885	4,720	5,160
91 Public administration	15	15	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	20	10	10	21,725	10,875	10,850
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	535	355	180	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	330	165	165	267,975	136,470	131,505
English	65	50	15	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	20	10	10	263,530	134,805	128,725
French	290	195	95	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	155	75	80	430	145	285
Non-official language	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	0	0	0	295	145	150
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	0	0	0	185	70	110
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	0	0	0	110	70	35
English and French	135	90	50	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	140	70	75	2,565	865	1,700
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570,220	291,000	279,220	0	0	0	1,080	460	615
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	20,935	9,955	10,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	69,340	34,190	35,145	0	0	0	55	35	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	535	355	180	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	330	165	165	267,975	136,470	131,505
Single responses	505	340	165	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	320	160	160	267,450	136,280	131,175
Official languages	505	340	165	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	320	160	160	266,895	136,025	130,870
English	80	60	20	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	90	40	50	265,980	135,770	130,205
French	425	285	140	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	230	115	110	915	250	665
Non-official languages	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635	0	0	0	560	255	300
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	0	0	0	395	160	235
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0	0	0	380	155	220
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0	0	0	380	155	220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0	380	155	220
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925	0	0	0	165	95	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	0	0	0	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	415	185	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	365	155	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	0	0	0	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	215	95	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	0	0	0	10	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	585	240	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	495	215	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	250	140	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	0	0	0	70	40	35
Albanian	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	835	485	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	120	80	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	555	310	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	0	0	0	15	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	0	0	0	15	0	10
German	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	0	0	0	15	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	965	515	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	875	445	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	0	0	0	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	645	290	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	275	125	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	445	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	0	0	0	10	10	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	595	400	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	0	0	0	35	25	15
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	680	375	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	0	0	0	30	25	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	410	210	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	150	95	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	0	0	0	50	35	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	0	0	0	50	35	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	0	0	0	25	15	15
Chinese languages	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	0	0	0	25	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	0	0	0	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	0	0	0	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	460	240	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	295	175	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	40	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	765	310	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	485	215	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	15	20	453,880	231,205	222,675	0	0	0	525	185	335
English and French	30	15	15	321,975	163,305	158,675	0	0	0	275	95	180
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	0	0	0	245	95	155
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	535	355	180	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	330	165	165	267,975	136,470	131,505
None	370	255	115	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	185	90	95	264,780	135,285	129,495
English	120	80	40	902,625	474,755	427,875	70	40	35	725	210	510
French	0	0	0	589,755	288,955	300,800	60	30	35	1,820	670	1,150
Non-official language	25	10	10	331,375	168,035	163,335	0	0	0	555	225	330
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	0	0	0	205	55	155
Non-Indigenous	25	10	10	313,185	160,295	152,885	0	0	0	350	170	175
English and French	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	0	0	0	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	0	0	0	50	35	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	360	210	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	0	0	0	35	35	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	480	315	160	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	290	155	135	206,285	101,470	104,810
Worked at home	50	25	25	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	95	50	45	26,785	11,395	15,390
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	0	0	0	425	355	70
No fixed workplace address	90	75	15	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	0	0	0	31,185	22,560	8,620
Usual place of work	340	220	125	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	190	100	85	147,885	67,155	80,735
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	340	220	125	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	185	100	85	147,890	67,155	80,730
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	275	170	110	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	130	70	65	82,225	35,265	46,960
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	0	10	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	20	15	10	56,600	25,895	30,700
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	50	45	10	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	35	20	15	6,465	3,875	2,595
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	0	0	0	2,600	2,115	485
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	430	295	135	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	190	105	85	179,070	89,715	89,355
Car, truck or van	255	200	55	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	110	60	55	159,145	78,195	80,950
Car, truck or van - as a driver	240	190	50	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	100	50	50	143,960	71,835	72,125
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	10	0	844,155	343,100	501,050	10	10	0	15,190	6,355	8,825
Public transit	160	85	75	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	70	40	35	3,580	2,145	1,440
Walked	15	0	10	672,815	296,610	376,205	10	10	0	8,680	3,725	4,950
Bicycle	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415	0	0	0	235	170	65
Other method	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	0	0	0	7,435	5,480	1,950
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	430	295	135	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	190	105	85	179,070	89,715	89,355
Less than 15 minutes	55	20	30	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	20	10	10	92,060	42,265	49,795
15 to 29 minutes	145	115	30	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	95	55	40	55,765	28,095	27,670
30 to 44 minutes	160	115	40	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	55	30	25	15,825	8,725	7,105
45 to 59 minutes	25	15	10	910,610	542,485	368,125	10	0	10	5,090	2,870	2,215
60 minutes and over	45	25	20	926,120	599,115	327,005	10	10	0	10,330	7,760	2,570
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	430	295	135	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	190	105	85	179,070	89,715	89,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	30	20	10	938,820	701,960	236,865	20	15	0	8,625	6,615	2,015
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	100	85	15	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	10	10	0	22,605	15,340	7,260
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	65	30	30	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	60	25	30	53,845	28,445	25,400
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	25	35	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	60	30	25	48,930	20,070	28,860
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	60	35	25	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	25	20	0	20,935	7,055	13,885
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	120	95	20	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	25	10	15	24,125	12,195	11,935
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	245	125	125	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	75	40	40	85,265	43,900	41,365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	30	20	897,205	456,120	441,085	15	5	5	2,955	1,475	1,480
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	205	95	105	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	70	35	30	82,310	42,425	39,885
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	150	70	75	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	55	30	25	64,755	33,355	31,405
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	20	15	682,190	346,420	335,770	5	5	5	2,220	1,110	1,105
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	30	15	15	467,685	234,475	233,215	5	0	5	1,200	580	620
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	0	0	0	1,015	530	485
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	120	55	65	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	50	25	25	62,540	32,245	30,290

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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