Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661694More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660923More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24662076More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	470	...	...	687	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	638	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	143	...	...	294	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	353	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	136	...	...	276	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	333	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,690.6	...	...	3,022.4	...	...	6.5	...	...	15,753.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.10	...	...	0.23	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	470	160	310	690	330	360	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	640	335	300
0 to 14 years	45	20	20	170	75	95	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	90	50	40
0 to 4 years	15	5	5	50	20	30	422,980	217,145	205,840	25	15	10
5 to 9 years	20	10	10	60	25	40	478,955	245,295	233,665	35	20	20
10 to 14 years	10	5	10	55	30	25	489,425	250,855	238,570	25	15	15
15 to 64 years	160	70	90	420	205	210	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	480	250	225
15 to 19 years	10	5	0	35	15	20	429,400	219,400	209,995	25	20	10
20 to 24 years	10	5	5	40	25	15	460,660	235,250	225,405	45	25	20
25 to 29 years	10	0	10	35	15	15	527,150	266,455	260,700	80	35	40
30 to 34 years	15	5	10	30	15	20	536,040	267,770	268,270	65	30	35
35 to 39 years	20	5	5	60	30	30	550,425	274,350	276,075	65	40	25
40 to 44 years	20	10	10	55	25	30	572,565	286,405	286,160	50	20	25
45 to 49 years	20	10	10	50	30	20	516,465	259,565	256,905	40	25	20
50 to 54 years	15	10	5	35	15	15	522,935	262,610	260,325	50	25	25
55 to 59 years	20	10	5	40	25	15	615,690	307,230	308,465	30	15	10
60 to 64 years	15	10	10	35	20	20	625,610	307,710	317,900	30	15	15
65 years and over	265	70	200	100	40	55	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	65	35	30
65 to 69 years	15	5	10	50	20	30	541,970	264,020	277,950	25	10	10
70 to 74 years	60	5	55	30	15	10	455,900	217,985	237,910	15	5	5
75 to 79 years	20	0	20	15	5	5	330,840	153,790	177,050	15	5	5
80 to 84 years	60	25	30	5	5	0	210,405	90,825	119,580	10	10	5
85 years and over	115	25	85	5	0	5	214,415	75,305	139,115	5	5	0
85 to 89 years	70	15	60	5	0	5	131,755	50,610	81,150	5	5	0
90 to 94 years	30	15	15	0	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	10	0	10	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9.6	12.5	6.5	24.6	22.7	26.4	16.4	17.0	15.8	14.1	14.9	13.3
15 to 64 years	34.0	43.8	29.0	60.9	62.1	58.3	63.0	63.9	62.1	75.0	74.6	75.0
65 years and over	56.4	43.8	64.5	14.5	12.1	15.3	20.6	19.1	22.1	10.2	10.4	10.0
85 years and over	24.5	15.6	27.4	0.7	0.0	1.4	2.5	1.8	3.2	0.8	1.5	0.0
Average age of the population	62.2	56.4	65.2	36.9	37.5	36.4	42.8	41.8	43.7	37.9	37.6	38.4
Median age of the population	72.5	58.4	73.0	37.2	38.8	36.4	43.2	42.0	44.0	36.0	36.4	36.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	135	...	...	280	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	330	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	199,080	...	...	55	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	98,625	...	...	80	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	0	...	...	271,245	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	115	...	...	280	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	135	...	...	275	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	335	...	...
1 person	70	...	...	95	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	160	...	...
2 persons	35	...	...	70	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	15	...	...	40	...	...	480,135	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	35	...	...	427,605	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	35	...	...	228,060	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	265	110	155	685	325	355	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	640	335	300
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	425	135	290	520	250	265	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	545	290	260
Married or living common-law	105	45	55	250	125	125	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	260	130	125
Married	85	40	45	220	110	110	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	115	60	60
Living common-law	15	10	10	35	20	15	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	140	70	70
Living common law - Never married	10	5	5	35	15	15	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	125	60	65
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	5	0	0	261,885	135,520	126,370	15	10	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	325	85	235	265	125	145	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	290	155	130
Not married and not living common law - Never married	120	50	70	170	95	70	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	235	130	105
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	15	5	5	106,275	48,095	58,175	10	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	5	40	60	20	40	494,210	197,455	296,755	35	15	15
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	150	30	120	25	5	25	380,100	89,515	290,580	15	5	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	65	...	...	170	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	155	...	...
2 persons	35	...	...	70	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	10	...	...	40	...	...	454,980	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	30	...	...	412,850	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	35	...	...	187,600	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.3	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	2.0	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	170	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	150	...	...
Total couple families	50	...	...	120	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	120	...	...
Married couples	40	...	...	100	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	55	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	70	...	...	502,020	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	25	...	...	609,605	...	...	25	...	...
Common-law couples	10	...	...	15	...	...	828,005	...	...	70	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	10	...	...	401,885	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	5	...	...	426,120	...	...	40	...	...
Total one-parent families	20	...	...	50	...	...	383,775	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	40	...	...	284,025	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	10	...	...	99,755	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	265	115	155	685	325	355	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	640	335	300
Total - Persons in census families	185	80	105	555	255	300	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	425	210	210
Married spouses or common-law partners	100	50	50	240	115	120	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	250	120	125
Parents in one-parent families	15	0	15	50	10	45	383,780	99,755	284,020	30	10	25
Children⁶	65	35	35	265	125	140	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	150	85	65
In a two-parent family	45	20	25	190	85	105	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	95	50	40
In a one-parent family	20	10	10	75	40	35	585,820	317,400	268,415	50	30	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	85	35	50	130	75	60	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	215	125	90
Living alone	70	25	45	95	50	40	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	160	95	65
Living with other relatives⁷	5	5	0	10	0	5	165,070	74,060	91,005	15	5	10
Living with non-relatives only	15	5	10	30	20	10	268,810	158,325	110,485	40	25	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	135	...	...	275	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	335	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	60	...	...	160	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	145	...	...
Couple-family households	45	...	...	115	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	115	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	80	...	...	851,835	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	35	...	...	982,260	...	...	65	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	45	...	...	331,395	...	...	30	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	5	...	...	50,790	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	5	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	15	...	...	139,280	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	70	...	...	95	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	160	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	225	90	130	515	250	265	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	550	290	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	215	95	125	495	245	250	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	535	280	250
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	37,200	41,200	28,200	30,000	26,000	40,800	44,800	37,200	37,600	37,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	215	95	125	495	245	250	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	535	280	250
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	33,200	37,200	26,600	27,800	24,600	36,400	39,200	33,600	34,400	33,600	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	205	80	120	360	195	165	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	480	260	220
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	30,400	28,800	19,800	23,600	16,200	33,600	39,600	28,000	34,000	34,000	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	145	65	85	305	170	140	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	435	230	205
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	32,400	32,400	23,400	26,800	19,800	36,000	40,400	31,600	33,600	33,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	190	75	115	475	230	245	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	450	230	220
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,100	12,200	14,900	14,100	11,500	16,400	11,500	10,200	12,300	8,100	8,000	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20	15	10	70	40	30	837,635	441,080	396,550	85	50	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,800	x	x	5,000	5,480	4,480	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,280	4,680	6,240
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60	30	30	180	105	80	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	180	100	80
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,800	9,500	9,000	8,200	10,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	235	105	130	535	260	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	295	240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	225	105	125	520	250	265	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	530	290	240
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	53,000	41,000	31,300	31,800	30,800	51,160	57,550	44,960	36,800	35,200	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	225	105	125	520	250	265	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	530	290	240
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,000	37,500	29,000	29,200	28,800	41,840	45,760	38,000	31,000	29,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	210	95	115	360	190	165	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	470	260	210
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	47,000	26,400	25,500	28,000	22,600	45,480	52,900	38,000	30,700	29,600	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	140	75	55	320	175	150	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	425	235	190
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	48,000	38,000	26,800	29,000	24,400	46,240	51,950	40,040	29,400	29,600	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	200	80	120	510	250	260	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	480	265	210
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	16,400	14,200	18,000	13,900	10,700	17,000	12,410	11,500	13,220	10,600	9,500	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25	0	0	85	60	30	837,180	441,665	395,515	90	50	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,400	...	...	5,000	4,400	6,000	7,040	6,380	7,780	5,900	4,800	7,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70	40	25	195	115	80	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	200	130	70
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	12,400	9,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	8,130	7,910	8,390	9,300	9,200	9,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	235	105	130	535	260	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	295	240
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	65	35	25	105	65	40	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	185	100	85
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	74,000	x	44,800	40,000	47,200	58,400	62,800	53,600	42,800	42,000	45,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,000	76,000	64,000	46,000	44,000	48,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	51,600	54,000	49,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	60	30	30	170	90	80	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	185	110	75
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	x	x	18,000	19,800	16,400	18,600	21,400	16,600	8,500	8,500	9,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	30,000	17,000	19,400	22,000	16,500	28,160	32,120	24,360	14,300	13,400	15,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.0	78.0	60.0	56.4	67.0	46.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	74.0	75.0	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.0	68.0	44.0	53.2	63.0	44.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	64.0	68.0	60.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.4	21.0	40.0	43.6	33.0	54.0	20.1	15.8	25.6	26.0	24.8	27.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	x	x	2.7	3.0	2.4	1.7	1.5	2.0	2.6	2.2	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.2	10.0	6.2	13.8	15.8	11.8	5.4	4.8	6.1	10.7	12.6	8.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.2	9.5	4.5	12.0	14.4	9.5	4.6	4.3	5.1	9.6	11.6	7.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	220	95	130	520	250	265	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	545	290	260
Without total income	5	0	5	25	10	15	179,955	87,650	92,310	15	5	10
With total income	215	90	125	495	245	250	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	530	280	250
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5	0	0	45	25	25	462,400	204,245	258,155	50	30	20
$10,000 to $19,999	25	10	15	80	35	40	809,375	334,315	475,065	50	20	25
$20,000 to $29,999	35	15	20	140	65	80	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	75	45	35
$30,000 to $39,999	45	20	30	75	40	35	896,520	414,070	482,445	100	50	50
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	20	70	35	35	849,005	411,680	437,325	75	40	35
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	15	35	25	15	687,020	345,720	341,305	45	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	25	15	5	503,110	271,695	231,415	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	10	0	5	15	5	10	367,455	208,475	158,980	20	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	10	5	5	284,690	158,760	125,930	25	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	198,140	112,355	85,780	20	10	10
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	0	0	0	556,780	365,700	191,080	40	30	10
$100,000 to $149,999	10	10	0	0	0	0	385,890	245,635	140,260	30	20	10
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	170,890	120,065	50,820	5	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	220	95	130	520	250	265	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	545	290	260
Without after-tax income	5	0	5	25	10	15	177,960	86,610	91,355	15	5	10
With after-tax income	215	90	125	495	245	250	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	530	280	250
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10	0	5	45	25	25	495,035	214,000	281,030	50	35	20
$10,000 to $19,999	20	10	10	80	35	45	853,250	356,480	496,765	55	25	30
$20,000 to $29,999	45	20	20	155	75	80	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	110	55	55
$30,000 to $39,999	50	25	30	90	45	40	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	110	60	50
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	25	70	35	35	994,235	505,970	488,265	75	35	40
$50,000 to $59,999	20	5	15	25	15	10	691,015	372,870	318,145	45	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	10	0	5	20	10	10	459,665	251,490	208,170	30	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	0	0	0	292,135	160,985	131,150	30	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	174,905	104,610	70,295	10	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	0	0	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	0	0	0	229,765	156,750	73,020	15	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	119,125	78,615	40,515	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	220	95	130	520	250	265	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	545	290	260
Without employment income	75	25	45	210	80	130	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	115	60	55
With employment income	150	65	80	310	170	135	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	430	230	200
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25	10	15	45	20	25	644,075	331,770	312,300	55	25	25
$5,000 to $9,999	10	5	5	45	20	20	401,185	180,585	220,595	40	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	15	0	10	50	30	25	603,350	273,725	329,620	60	30	25
$20,000 to $29,999	20	10	10	40	20	25	495,105	228,670	266,435	50	25	25
$30,000 to $39,999	25	10	10	45	30	20	488,000	239,620	248,380	55	30	30
$40,000 to $49,999	10	5	5	35	15	20	485,845	242,230	243,610	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	15	5	15	25	20	5	403,980	217,425	186,560	30	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	10	10	0	320,700	184,770	135,935	25	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	0	0	0	10	5	0	250,635	147,020	103,615	15	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	218,100	120,085	98,020	25	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	0	0	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	10	10	5
$100,000 and over	10	10	0	0	0	0	422,055	285,910	136,145	30	25	5
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	0	0	0	205,085	133,500	71,585	20	15	5
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	0	0	0	216,965	152,410	64,555	15	10	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	225	90	130	515	250	265	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	550	290	260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	215	85	125	480	235	245	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	525	275	250
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	33,200	34,000	23,600	27,200	21,600	38,400	43,200	34,000	36,400	36,800	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	215	85	125	480	235	245	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	525	275	250
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	29,800	32,000	23,200	26,400	21,200	34,000	37,600	30,600	33,200	33,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	195	85	115	360	195	165	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	480	255	225
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,000	30,200	24,000	23,000	28,400	16,800	34,800	40,400	29,200	34,400	36,000	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	145	65	80	310	170	135	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	430	230	205
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	31,800	26,800	25,400	28,400	20,600	36,400	41,200	31,800	35,200	38,000	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	185	75	115	445	215	230	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	400	200	200
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,300	4,360	10,700	8,200	4,320	13,600	7,800	5,640	9,100	2,760	2,420	3,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15	10	5	45	25	15	727,165	390,255	336,910	40	25	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	4,000	5,040	x	5,000	4,760	5,280	4,680	4,200	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	235	105	130	535	260	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	295	240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	225	105	125	510	245	265	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	515	270	240
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	33,500	28,100	27,400	28,600	48,600	55,500	41,880	33,000	30,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	225	105	125	510	245	265	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	515	270	240
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,500	29,600	26,100	25,200	27,000	39,600	44,000	35,320	28,900	26,800	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	200	95	110	380	210	170	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	450	240	210
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	44,000	22,000	25,200	25,200	25,000	45,920	53,800	37,920	31,200	30,200	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	135	75	60	345	190	150	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	395	205	185
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,000	28,000	27,000	26,800	27,200	46,240	52,450	39,520	29,900	31,400	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	185	75	110	490	245	245	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	425	215	200
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,700	7,200	16,400	9,680	6,040	13,200	9,450	8,430	10,320	6,600	4,880	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	60	40	15	727,815	390,880	336,935	40	20	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	3,800	4,800	1,400	7,020	5,975	8,230	8,000	4,400	12,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	235	105	130	535	260	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	295	240
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	65	35	25	110	70	40	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	180	90	85
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,200	66,000	x	40,000	32,800	40,000	54,800	60,000	49,200	38,000	35,600	38,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,000	68,000	44,000	39,500	37,000	44,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	44,400	44,000	45,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	60	30	30	160	85	75	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	145	75	70
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	x	x	18,000	17,600	19,800	23,600	27,200	21,000	18,000	21,600	9,900
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	28,000	18,000	22,400	21,200	23,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	20,800	25,000	15,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	73.0	88.0	56.0	67.0	78.0	57.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	84.0	88.0	80.0
Employment income (%)	60.0	76.0	40.0	65.0	77.0	54.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	70.0	78.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)	26.8	11.0	44.0	33.2	21.6	43.0	14.9	10.8	20.2	16.4	12.8	20.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	1.5	2.8	0.3	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.8	1.2	2.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	135	...	...	275	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	335	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	53,200	...	...	72,500	...	...	59,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,200	...	...	63,200	...	...	50,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	70	...	...	95	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	25,000	...	...	38,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	24,400	...	...	34,400	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	70	...	...	180	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	67,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	150	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	315	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	61,200	...	...	92,000	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,000	...	...	56,400	...	...	75,200	...	...	52,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	65	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	25,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	36,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	24,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	30,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	200	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	165	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	116,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	67,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	135	...	...	275	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	23,880	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	52,080	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	82,470	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	30	...	...	218,185	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	144,420	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	143,285	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	172,005	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	174,790	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	166,990	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	310,880	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	280,505	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	255,770	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	235,235	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	0	...	...	20	...	...	208,320	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	35	...	...	30	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	80	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	414,805	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	282,590	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	307,835	...	...	15	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	0	...	...	239,060	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	135	...	...	275	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	24,960	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	53,600	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	87,695	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	30	...	...	234,875	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	177,135	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	180,150	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	213,760	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	210,280	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	193,530	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	356,325	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	35	...	...	322,530	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	289,580	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	0	...	...	20	...	...	254,885	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	216,370	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	20	...	...	20	...	...	892,775	...	...	50	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	387,835	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	225,830	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	0	...	...	279,105	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	65	...	...	165	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	67,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.4	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	35	...	...	991,710	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	60,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	55,200	...	...	72,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	80	...	...	907,765	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	4.3	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	50	...	...	368,845	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	53,200	...	...	69,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	49,600	...	...	61,600	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	80	30	50	125	70	50	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	200	120	80
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,400	39,200	25,200	28,000	21,800	36,800	39,200	34,800	36,000	36,000	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,000	35,600	24,400	25,600	21,600	33,200	34,800	31,600	32,400	32,400	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	70	...	...	190	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	145	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	95,100	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	35	...	...	992,110	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	64,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	60,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	90	...	...	909,160	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	60	...	...	367,155	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	52,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	75	30	45	105	65	35	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	195	120	70
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,000	80,000	34,000	24,800	26,000	24,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	37,600	37,000	39,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	60,000	31,000	23,200	24,000	22,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	31,200	30,400	33,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	270	115	155	690	330	360	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	640	335	300
0 to 17 years	50	20	25	195	90	110	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	105	60	50
0 to 5 years	20	10	10	65	25	40	515,725	264,785	250,935	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	150	70	85	395	195	200	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	465	240	220
65 years and over	65	20	45	100	45	55	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	65	35	35
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	30	10	15	150	70	75	992,235	463,295	528,940	105	65	45
0 to 17 years	5	0	5	30	15	10	159,530	82,000	77,530	15	10	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	15	5	5	53,105	27,240	25,870	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	15	10	10	70	35	35	515,470	256,435	259,035	75	45	25
65 years and over	5	0	5	50	20	30	317,235	124,865	192,370	15	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0	9.0	12.0	22.0	22.0	22.0	11.9	11.2	12.7	16.4	18.5	14.4
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	17.0	24.0	12.0	9.7	9.7	9.7	14.0	16.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	20.0	25.0	20.0	10.3	10.3	10.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	10.0	12.0	17.5	16.0	19.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	16.0	18.5	13.0
65 years and over (%)	8.0	x	12.0	50.0	44.0	52.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	24.0	25.0	25.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	265	115	150	685	325	355	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	635	335	300
0 to 17 years	50	25	30	190	85	105	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	105	55	50
0 to 5 years	15	15	5	60	25	35	511,400	262,535	248,860	35	20	15
18 to 64 years	155	65	85	395	200	195	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	460	245	220
65 years and over	65	25	45	100	45	55	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	70	35	35
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10	5	10	70	25	40	439,850	223,055	216,795	60	35	25
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	10	5	5	61,665	31,610	30,060	10	5	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	10	5	5	45	20	25	313,970	167,015	146,955	50	30	20
65 years and over	5	0	5	20	5	15	64,210	24,430	39,780	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.0	4.0	6.0	10.4	8.5	12.4	5.3	5.4	5.2	9.6	11.0	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	6.0	6.0	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	8.0	x	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.0	8.0	10.8	10.0	11.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	10.4	12.0	9.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	20.0	x	28.0	4.0	3.3	4.7	8.0	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	270	115	155	690	330	360	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	640	335	300
In bottom half of the distribution	175	75	100	635	300	340	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	430	220	205
In bottom decile	25	10	20	120	55	70	851,840	407,705	444,140	85	50	30
In second decile	45	20	20	150	70	75	920,490	434,730	485,760	100	55	50
In third decile	45	25	25	160	75	90	969,255	471,650	497,600	80	40	40
In fourth decile	45	15	30	135	65	65	978,345	482,760	495,590	75	40	40
In fifth decile	20	10	10	70	35	40	947,090	473,285	473,810	85	40	50
In top half of the distribution	90	40	50	50	25	25	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	210	115	90
In sixth decile	15	5	10	30	15	15	899,660	454,970	444,690	45	25	20
In seventh decile	30	10	20	0	0	0	837,225	425,400	411,830	55	30	30
In eighth decile	25	15	10	10	5	5	752,410	383,450	368,955	40	25	20
In ninth decile	15	5	10	0	0	0	634,425	325,700	308,730	40	25	20
In top decile	5	0	0	0	0	0	517,725	267,160	250,565	20	15	10
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	265	...	...	685	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	635	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.225	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.456	...	...	0.476	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...	0.198	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	2.4	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	265	115	150	685	325	360	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	635	335	300
English only	10	5	0	135	70	65	445,575	228,840	216,735	15	10	5
French only	105	35	65	215	100	120	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	235	120	115
English and French	150	65	80	310	150	160	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	375	205	170
Neither English nor French	10	5	10	30	10	15	82,075	35,200	46,875	15	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	265	115	150	685	325	360	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	635	335	300
English	45	25	20	240	110	125	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	25	20	10
French	170	65	105	325	155	170	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	565	290	270
English and French	40	20	20	100	55	45	329,515	169,050	160,465	35	20	15
Neither English nor French	10	5	10	25	10	15	79,000	33,590	45,410	10	5	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	265	115	150	685	325	360	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	635	335	300
Single responses	245	105	140	620	300	320	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	610	320	290
Official languages	100	40	60	315	140	170	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	465	245	225
English	15	10	10	160	75	90	639,365	323,170	316,195	15	15	0
French	85	35	50	155	70	80	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	455	230	220
Non-official languages	145	65	80	310	160	150	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	140	75	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	65	80	310	160	150	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	140	75	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	95	50	45	233,220	122,895	110,320	25	20	10
Berber languages	10	0	5	10	5	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	5	5	5
Kabyle	10	0	5	10	5	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	5	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	15	90	45	45	204,600	107,735	96,865	20	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	15	90	45	45	198,785	104,765	94,020	20	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	15	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	15	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	5	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	30	40	170	85	85	595,790	290,670	305,115	65	30	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	75	35	40	68,295	30,855	37,435	10	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	75	35	40	67,565	30,570	36,995	10	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	30	15	20	12,495	5,380	7,120	5	0	5
Russian	0	0	0	40	25	15	31,700	14,115	17,590	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	101,450	52,780	48,665	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	63,025	33,465	29,555	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	5	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	30	40	80	40	35	346,000	167,870	178,130	55	30	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	40	25	20	0	0	0	90,940	44,080	46,865	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	5	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	10	5	5
Romanian	5	0	0	10	5	5	35,810	17,115	18,695	0	0	0
Spanish	15	5	15	65	30	30	177,155	86,490	90,660	45	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	25	10	10	33,495	16,630	16,865	10	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	5	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,540	40,170	47,375	15	5	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,155	39,990	47,160	15	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	5	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	10	5	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	5	15	65	25	35	308,550	155,455	153,095	25	15	15
English and French	0	0	0	15	5	10	126,405	64,585	61,820	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	5	5	49,485	24,660	24,825	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	30	15	20	94,205	46,880	47,320	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	5	5	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	265	115	150	685	325	360	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	635	335	300
English	20	10	10	155	65	85	623,305	313,780	309,520	5	5	5
French	85	35	45	140	70	70	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	425	225	200
Non-official language	50	20	25	115	55	60	366,730	177,410	189,315	40	25	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	20	25	115	55	60	343,650	165,830	177,825	40	25	20
English and French	10	5	0	40	15	20	497,380	256,735	240,645	55	25	30
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	40	15	20	205,755	102,290	103,470	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	40	130	65	60	375,795	179,585	196,210	65	30	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	65	30	35	284,940	141,275	143,665	40	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	265	115	150	685	325	360	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	635	335	300
Single responses	240	105	140	585	285	310	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	600	320	285
Official languages	155	65	90	380	190	190	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	515	265	245
English	35	25	15	190	85	105	874,185	438,570	435,615	20	15	5
French	115	45	70	190	100	90	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	495	255	240
Non-official languages	90	40	50	210	95	115	662,615	322,860	339,750	85	45	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	40	50	210	95	115	628,365	305,820	322,555	85	45	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	60	25	35	116,685	59,645	57,040	10	5	5
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	5	5	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	5	10	50	20	30	104,890	53,505	51,380	10	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	20	5	10	50	20	30	102,120	52,125	49,990	10	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	15	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	5	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	20	110	50	65	336,635	164,100	172,535	35	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	65	30	35	39,725	18,855	20,870	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	65	30	35	39,575	18,795	20,775	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	20	10	10	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	45	20	25	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	40	15	25	182,585	88,060	94,525	25	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	10	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	5	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	5	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	10	35	20	20	112,915	55,870	57,050	25	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	15	5	10,160	4,895	5,265	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	5	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	5	5	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	10	10	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	10	10	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	5	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	10	5	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	15	95	45	55	357,245	176,070	181,175	40	20	20
English and French	0	0	0	10	5	5	137,120	69,025	68,095	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	15	5	5	60,495	29,540	30,950	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	60	30	35	116,595	56,445	60,150	25	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	10	5	10	39,875	19,575	20,300	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	265	115	155	685	325	355	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	640	335	300
None	165	70	100	495	225	265	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	505	265	235
English	10	0	10	35	10	20	353,690	183,470	170,225	50	20	25
French	35	20	15	65	35	30	259,425	127,380	132,040	35	15	15
Non-official language	35	10	25	50	25	20	269,715	129,830	139,890	25	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	10	25	50	25	20	264,405	127,330	137,070	25	15	10
English and French	10	5	5	25	10	15	61,955	31,425	30,525	15	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	10	5	0	76,755	38,765	37,990	15	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	15	10	5	55,860	26,915	28,945	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	285	120	160	745	355	390	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	600	340	260
Official languages	270	120	160	705	350	355	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	585	335	250
English	150	80	75	475	270	210	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	400	230	175
French	275	115	160	520	240	285	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	550	325	230
Non-official languages	180	80	100	490	225	270	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	275	150	125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	180	80	100	490	225	270	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	275	150	125
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	25	30	145	60	85	385,210	201,105	184,100	40	25	20
Berber languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	0	10	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	20	30	145	60	80	363,875	190,005	173,870	25	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	50	20	30	145	60	80	343,675	179,750	163,930	25	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	65	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	10	0	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	35	40	265	130	135	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	100	40	60
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	135	65	65	95,385	45,060	50,330	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	135	65	65	94,580	44,695	49,885	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	50	25	25	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	85	40	45	55,485	26,345	29,135	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	136,020	71,180	64,840	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	90,745	48,355	42,395	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	35	40	130	65	65	684,830	324,095	360,735	90	40	50
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	50	25	20	0	0	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	10	10	0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	130	65	65	453,905	210,400	243,505	75	30	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	30	15	15	75,835	37,990	37,845	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	30	10	15	107,415	49,840	57,575	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	30	10	15	106,915	49,630	57,285	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30	10	15	80,520	37,100	43,420	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	60	25	35	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	60	25	35	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	285	120	165	745	355	390	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	600	340	260
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	285	120	165	745	355	390	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	600	340	260
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	285	120	165	745	355	390	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	600	340	260
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	285	120	165	745	355	390	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	600	340	260
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	150	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	315	...	...
Owner	45	...	...	0	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	80	...	...
Renter	105	...	...	265	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	230	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	150	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	315	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	55	...	...	515,590	...	...	60	...	...
Not condominium	140	...	...	210	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	150	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	315	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	60	...	...	30	...	...	623,295	...	...	115	...	...
2 bedrooms	30	...	...	75	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	115	...	...
3 bedrooms	40	...	...	160	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	85	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...	0	...	...	730,330	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	150	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	315	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	90	...	...	105	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	140	...	...
5 rooms	35	...	...	150	...	...	645,635	...	...	115	...	...
6 rooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	435,225	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	403,225	...	...	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	15	...	...	0	...	...	886,180	...	...	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	4.6	...	...	5.8	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	150	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	315	...	...
One person or fewer per room	150	...	...	250	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	305	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	15	...	...	48,315	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	150	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	315	...	...
Suitable	140	...	...	230	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	300	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	35	...	...	142,775	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	150	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	315	...	...
1960 or before	40	...	...	120	...	...	879,375	...	...	145	...	...
1961 to 1980	95	...	...	135	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	95	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	0	...	...	509,120	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	10	...	...	385,315	...	...	55	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	150	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	315	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	130	...	...	235	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	270	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	30	...	...	236,110	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	150	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	315	...	...
One-maintainer household	105	...	...	165	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	175	...	...
Two-maintainer household	40	...	...	80	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	125	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	25	...	...	89,875	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	150	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	315	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	10	...	...	117,525	...	...	25	...	...
25 to 34 years	10	...	...	15	...	...	525,540	...	...	85	...	...
35 to 44 years	15	...	...	80	...	...	647,165	...	...	60	...	...
45 to 54 years	25	...	...	65	...	...	628,630	...	...	45	...	...
55 to 64 years	20	...	...	60	...	...	760,395	...	...	30	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	40	...	...	629,965	...	...	45	...	...
75 to 84 years	30	...	...	0	...	...	336,170	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	103,640	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	145	...	...	265	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	310	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	105	...	...	225	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	230	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	40	...	...	40	...	...	595,690	...	...	80	...	...
30% to less than 100%	40	...	...	35	...	...	542,060	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	145	...	...	265	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	310	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	100	...	...	901,440	...	...	110	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	45	...	...	35	...	...	537,090	...	...	65	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	30	...	...	112,775	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	25	...	...	179,840	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	15	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	80	...	...	165	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	200	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	145	...	...	260	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	300	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	35	...	...	218,275	...	...	35	...	...
Not in core need	130	...	...	225	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	270	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40	...	...	0	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	80	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.0	...	...	...	...	...	62.2	...	...	68.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	10.0	...	...	31.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,220	...	...	...	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,460	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,950	...	...	...	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,560	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	x	...	...	...	...	...	300,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	760,000	...	...	...	...	...	376,800	...	...	580,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	270	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	235	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	13.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.6	...	...	14.8	...	...	25.2	...	...	25.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	13.5	...	...	11.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	785	...	...	685	...	...	810	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	705	...	...	886	...	...	840	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	285	120	165	745	350	395	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	600	340	260
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	15	10	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	280	120	165	740	350	395	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	585	330	250
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	285	125	160	745	350	390	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	600	340	260
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	255	105	150	650	310	335	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	530	280	250
Canadian citizens aged under 18	60	20	40	200	95	105	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	85	65	25
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	195	90	110	445	215	235	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	440	215	220
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	25	15	15	100	45	50	518,265	264,490	253,775	75	60	10
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	285	125	160	745	350	390	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	600	340	260
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	170	75	95	325	160	160	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	415	240	175
Immigrants⁸¹	110	45	65	405	180	225	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	155	70	80
Before 1980	45	15	30	10	10	0	187,200	91,895	95,300	0	0	0
1980 to 1990	10	10	0	25	10	15	124,610	61,850	62,755	10	0	0
1991 to 2000	10	0	10	60	35	30	190,495	91,635	98,860	50	20	35
2001 to 2010	15	10	10	185	80	100	312,210	150,825	161,390	35	20	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	30	15	15	130	55	75	396,090	192,745	203,340	50	30	20
2011 to 2015	15	10	0	75	35	40	193,345	93,485	99,855	25	10	15
2016 to 2021	20	0	10	55	20	40	202,740	99,260	103,480	25	20	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	20	15	0	205,770	113,500	92,275	35	25	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	110	45	70	405	185	225	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	155	70	80
Under 5 years	0	0	0	40	20	15	112,295	56,755	55,540	10	10	0
5 to 14 years	15	0	15	50	20	30	201,385	101,555	99,835	25	0	20
15 to 24 years	40	15	25	65	35	35	213,035	96,175	116,860	30	10	20
25 to 44 years	55	30	25	210	90	115	594,845	292,975	301,875	75	45	35
45 years and over	0	0	0	40	15	20	89,045	41,505	47,540	10	10	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	110	45	70	405	185	225	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	155	70	80
Americas	20	10	10	125	65	60	264,885	121,740	143,145	20	0	20
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	20	10	15	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	25	0	20	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	15	10	10	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	50	35	20	61,020	28,545	32,480	0	0	0
Europe	35	10	25	70	35	35	309,015	154,110	154,910	15	15	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	15	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	20	10	15	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	30	15	15	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	10	0	10	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	0	10	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	20	10	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	10	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	45	15	25	160	60	95	302,010	153,655	148,355	50	35	15
Algeria	20	0	15	95	35	60	72,835	37,535	35,295	20	15	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	30	10	20	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	15	10	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	25	15	0
Asia	15	10	0	45	20	30	332,925	158,445	174,475	65	25	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	30	10	20	52,500	23,010	29,490	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	40	15	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	10	10	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	20	10	10	55	15	40	202,740	99,265	103,480	30	20	0
Americas	0	0	0	25	15	10	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	20	10	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	15	10	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	10	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0	25	0	25	70,310	34,215	36,095	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	280	120	160	745	355	390	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	600	340	260
First generation¹⁰⁰	115	50	65	430	200	230	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	195	105	90
Second generation¹⁰¹	90	35	55	235	115	120	883,485	446,000	437,490	95	70	25
Third generation or more¹⁰²	75	35	40	80	40	40	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	315	170	145
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	70	30	35	395	175	220	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	150	75	80
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	30	20	15	170	85	85	559,935	290,040	269,895	75	40	25
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	20	0	60	40	20	267,870	161,125	106,740	35	25	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15	0	15	110	45	65	292,070	128,915	163,155	40	15	25
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	25	15	15	115	35	80	272,255	109,735	162,515	55	25	40
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	10	90	40	45	175,740	89,995	85,740	20	10	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	20	10	10	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	70	30	35	395	175	220	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	150	75	80
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	10	100	50	45	89,850	47,360	42,495	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	15	0	15	94,185	46,445	47,740	15	15	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	15	15	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	50	25	30	265	115	150	756,120	358,700	397,420	120	45	75
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	280	120	165	745	355	390	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	600	340	260
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	125	50	75	470	225	245	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	205	125	80
South Asian	20	0	15	15	10	10	127,990	67,140	60,850	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	0	0	0
Black	40	15	25	135	75	60	422,405	206,335	216,070	45	30	15
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	50	15	30	165	70	95	280,075	146,990	133,085	0	0	0
Latin American	15	10	10	95	45	45	172,925	85,035	87,880	30	20	10
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	45	30	20
West Asian	0	0	0	60	25	35	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	160	70	90	275	130	150	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	395	215	180
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	285	125	160	745	355	390	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	600	345	260
Canadian	15	10	0	75	45	30	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	105	55	40
English	0	0	0	10	10	0	177,710	88,910	88,800	0	0	0
Irish	15	10	0	10	0	0	404,190	193,440	210,745	25	10	20
Scottish	0	0	0	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	10	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	35	15	20	15	10	0	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	165	95	70
German	0	0	0	10	0	0	124,305	60,295	64,010	15	10	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	40	25	15
Italian	55	30	25	0	0	0	316,315	157,600	158,720	20	15	10
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	25	10	20	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	60	30	30	63,505	31,010	32,495	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	10	0	10	931,940	465,630	466,305	45	20	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	10	10	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	588,805	290,630	298,180	30	20	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	20	10	10	149,955	75,935	74,020	35	25	15
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	10	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	25	15	0
Russian	0	0	0	55	30	30	47,195	21,990	25,200	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	20	20	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	25	10	20
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	15	0	10
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	10	10	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	35	20	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	10	25	60	30	30	104,735	55,130	49,610	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	15	15	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	30	15	15	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	10	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	10	10	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	25	10	10	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	20	10	15	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	30	15	15	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	25	10	15	150	65	85	65,860	33,955	31,905	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	30	20	15	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	50	25	25	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	20	10	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	10	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	15	0	10	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	10	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	285	120	165	745	355	395	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	605	340	260
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	30	10	20
Christian	165	75	90	370	180	190	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	210	105	105
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	15	15	65	35	25	464,020	229,155	234,860	40	30	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0
Catholic	130	60	65	140	65	75	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	165	75	90
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	30	15	15	145,805	70,840	74,965	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	115	50	65	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	0	0	0
Muslim	75	30	45	265	115	150	421,710	218,255	203,455	65	30	35
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	30	15	15	100	50	50	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	270	180	95
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	285	125	160	730	350	385	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	590	335	255
Non-movers	255	100	150	675	325	355	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	510	290	215
Movers	35	20	10	50	25	30	945,290	466,750	478,540	80	45	35
Non-migrants	20	15	0	35	20	10	543,670	268,740	274,925	65	35	30
Migrants	0	0	0	20	0	15	401,625	198,010	203,615	20	0	10
Internal migrants	0	0	0	10	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	20	0	10
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	20	0	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	10	0	10	52,530	27,270	25,265	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	265	110	160	680	315	360	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	580	325	255
Non-movers	175	65	105	440	205	230	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	240	130	115
Movers	95	40	55	235	105	130	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	340	195	145
Non-migrants	55	15	40	165	80	85	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	210	115	95
Migrants	40	25	10	70	25	45	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	130	85	50
Internal migrants	25	15	10	20	15	10	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	90	55	40
Intraprovincial migrants	20	15	0	20	15	10	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	90	55	35
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	0	0	0
External migrants	10	10	0	50	10	35	320,090	166,115	153,975	35	30	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	105	130	535	260	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	295	240
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50	25	25	135	75	65	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	80	55	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	180	75	105	400	190	210	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	450	240	210
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	145	80	65	390	185	210	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	365	185	185
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	20	0	105	50	55	642,800	382,415	260,380	35	20	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	130	60	65	285	135	155	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	330	165	170
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	105	130	535	260	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	295	240
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	25	25	130	70	60	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	75	50	30
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	40	15	20	160	70	90	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	125	85	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	150	70	80	245	115	125	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	330	165	165
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	35	55	145	75	70	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	175	85	85
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	15	15	70	45	25	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	55	35	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	10	0	55	35	25	793,030	427,220	365,815	40	20	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	10	0	10	10	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	15	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	20	30	65	30	35	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	90	40	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	10	0	10	252,815	102,150	150,665	25	15	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	60	30	25	100	50	50	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	160	75	85
Bachelor's degree	40	20	25	55	25	30	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	105	50	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	10	10	149,425	66,595	82,825	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	0	0	0	30	15	15	360,795	174,150	186,645	40	15	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	150	80	70	390	185	205	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	370	180	185
No certificate, diploma or degree	20	15	0	95	45	50	525,155	303,815	221,345	30	15	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20	15	0	95	45	50	752,855	388,160	364,700	55	35	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	110	45	60	200	90	105	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	280	140	140
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	20	35	105	45	60	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	130	65	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	10	10	55	30	25	836,455	498,385	338,075	50	25	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	0	50	25	25	609,895	319,470	290,425	35	15	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0	0	0	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	40	15	25	45	10	30	838,140	372,455	465,685	70	30	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	10	0	0	174,695	72,115	102,580	15	10	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	50	30	25	95	45	50	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	145	70	75
Bachelor's degree	35	15	20	55	20	30	802,755	343,100	459,650	100	50	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	10	0	119,460	50,155	69,310	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	10	10	0	25	15	10	302,065	140,530	161,530	35	20	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	230	100	130	540	260	275	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	535	295	235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	85	35	50	290	140	150	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	205	135	70
Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	25	15	0
13. Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	25	15	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	25	10	15	166,900	75,420	91,480	15	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	25	10	15	143,365	58,875	84,490	15	0	10
Humanities	10	0	10	15	10	10	228,770	90,810	137,960	30	15	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	20	0	15	35	0	30	430,845	142,280	288,570	55	15	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	20	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	79,155	6,625	72,535	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	10	10	0	10	77,880	29,725	48,160	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	15	0	10
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	10	0	10	134,510	67,065	67,440	15	0	15
Business, management and public administration	40	10	30	45	15	30	950,820	357,290	593,535	70	35	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	10	25	45	15	30	894,690	344,770	549,925	70	35	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	25	15	10	158,655	83,605	75,050	15	0	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	15	10	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	20	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	15	10	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	15	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	30	0	50	40	10	866,885	778,835	88,060	50	40	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	20	15	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	20	10	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	10	10	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	15	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	10	25	15	0	10	515,215	101,455	413,760	30	10	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	10	20	15	0	10	470,150	78,875	391,275	30	10	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	10	0	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	15	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	150	80	70	390	185	205	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	370	180	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35	30	10	190	90	95	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	90	45	45
Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	20	15	0
13. Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	20	15	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	15	10	10	129,065	58,170	70,895	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	15	10	10	110,860	45,555	65,305	10	0	0
Humanities	15	0	10	15	0	10	144,140	56,410	87,730	25	10	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	15	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	10	30	0	25	334,475	103,635	230,840	50	15	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	15	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	15	0	15	64,690	4,665	60,025	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	10	59,965	20,645	39,325	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	10	0	10
Business, management and public administration	30	10	25	45	15	25	741,390	268,705	472,685	60	30	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	10	20	45	15	25	697,775	259,725	438,045	60	30	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	15	0	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	15	0	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	15	10	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	15	10	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	20	20	0	40	35	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	45	30	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	20	15	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	20	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	10	15	15	0	15	387,725	74,730	312,995	25	10	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	10	10	15	0	15	352,905	58,735	294,170	25	10	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	15	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	15	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	150	80	70	390	185	205	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	370	180	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35	30	10	190	90	95	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	90	45	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	110	50	65	200	90	110	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	280	140	145
Location of study inside Canada	80	30	45	100	55	50	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	225	100	120
Same as province or territory of residence	75	30	45	100	55	50	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	225	100	120
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	30	15	15	100	40	60	414,490	209,160	205,330	55	30	20
Americas	10	10	0	15	15	10	81,780	40,955	40,820	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	20	10	10	138,260	74,045	64,210	15	10	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	15	10	10	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	20	10	10	50	15	35	95,260	49,800	45,460	20	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	15	10	10	25	0	25	30,560	15,715	14,850	10	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	10	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	235	105	130	535	260	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	295	240
In the labour force	115	70	45	350	195	155	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	370	210	165
Employed	115	70	45	295	175	125	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	310	165	145
Unemployed	0	0	0	55	20	35	335,015	176,245	158,775	60	45	20
Not in the labour force	115	30	85	185	70	120	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	160	85	75
Participation rate	48.9	66.7	34.6	65.4	75.0	55.4	64.1	67.4	60.9	69.2	71.2	68.8
Employment rate	48.9	66.7	34.6	55.1	67.3	44.6	59.3	62.3	56.3	57.9	55.9	60.4
Unemployment rate	0.0	0.0	0.0	15.7	10.3	22.6	7.6	7.7	7.4	16.2	21.4	12.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	230	100	130	540	260	275	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	535	295	235
Did not work¹⁸⁶	110	35	75	235	90	145	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	160	80	75
Worked	125	65	50	300	170	130	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	370	210	165
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	60	40	25	115	75	45	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	185	95	85
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	60	30	30	185	95	85	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	185	115	75
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.4	40.0	36.5	35.6	36.8	34.0	41.3	41.7	40.8	39.6	38.6	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	115	70	45	350	190	155	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	375	210	165
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	25	25	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	115	70	45	340	190	150	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	350	190	165
Employee	105	65	45	290	155	135	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	315	165	145
Permanent position	95	55	45	225	120	110	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	235	125	110
Temporary position	15	15	0	60	40	25	623,510	296,655	326,850	75	40	35
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	35	20	15	217,905	94,210	123,700	35	20	15
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	15	0	25	15	10	405,605	202,450	203,155	45	20	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	0	0	0	55	35	15	530,720	324,555	206,165	40	20	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	115	70	45	350	190	155	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	375	210	165
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	25	25	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	115	70	45	340	190	150	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	350	190	165
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	40	20	15	30	10	25	778,905	256,150	522,760	85	40	50
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10	10	0	20	10	10	360,495	272,510	87,985	30	20	10
3 Health occupations	20	10	10	30	0	20	359,665	70,075	289,590	20	10	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	0	10	50	10	45	558,725	166,020	392,700	65	15	55
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	0	0	0	146,560	72,400	74,165	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	30	20	10	85	45	45	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	115	75	35
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10	10	0	90	85	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	30	25	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	25	25	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	115	70	45	350	190	155	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	375	210	165
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	25	25	0
All industries¹⁹¹	115	70	45	340	190	150	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	350	190	165
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	30	30	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	40	40	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	10	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	0	0	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	0	0	0	20	10	10	514,090	248,905	265,185	55	35	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	10	0	40	35	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	20	10	10
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	10	0	0	94,130	57,495	36,630	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	20	15	0	0	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	25	0	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	10	0	20	10	15	345,345	193,365	151,985	50	30	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	20	10	10	171,345	104,695	66,645	25	25	0
61 Educational services	10	0	10	20	0	10	340,885	104,300	236,590	10	0	10
62 Health care and social assistance	20	10	10	80	15	65	617,200	122,675	494,525	55	15	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	15	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	20	10	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	15	10	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	15	0	15	190,470	89,730	100,735	20	10	10
91 Public administration	0	0	0	10	10	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	20	0	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	130	75	60	355	200	150	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	405	220	185
English	0	0	0	95	65	25	350,525	195,385	155,145	30	15	10
French	55	30	25	135	65	70	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	210	110	100
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	70	40	30	105	60	45	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	130	75	50
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	25	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	130	75	60	355	200	150	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	405	220	185
Single responses	105	55	55	325	180	140	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	365	195	165
Official languages	105	55	55	320	180	135	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	355	195	165
English	25	10	15	120	85	35	668,485	365,785	302,695	60	35	20
French	85	40	40	200	95	100	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	300	160	140
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	20	0	35	25	10	269,365	142,370	126,995	45	25	15
English and French	30	20	0	25	15	10	249,945	132,640	117,300	35	25	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	130	75	60	355	200	150	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	405	220	185
None	90	60	30	260	145	110	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	275	145	130
English	25	10	10	55	30	25	720,960	391,075	329,885	80	40	35
French	20	0	15	25	10	10	302,145	161,340	140,805	25	15	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	15	15	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	15	15	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	10	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	110	70	40	300	175	125	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	310	165	145
Worked at home	40	20	20	30	10	25	897,770	435,285	462,480	90	35	50
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	0	0	0	55	40	15	442,035	333,730	108,305	50	45	0
Usual place of work	70	50	20	210	120	90	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	175	80	85
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	70	50	25	210	120	90	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	170	80	90
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	60	40	20	145	80	65	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	155	75	80
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	0	0	30	20	0	419,210	203,335	215,875	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	35	15	15	823,150	442,385	380,765	20	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	75	50	25	265	165	105	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	220	130	95
Car, truck or van	55	45	15	225	150	75	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	110	65	40
Car, truck or van - as a driver	55	45	15	210	140	65	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	90	55	40
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	20	0	10	150,535	63,495	87,040	10	10	0
Public transit	15	0	0	20	10	15	287,345	120,460	166,885	90	45	40
Walked	10	0	0	10	0	10	178,645	78,570	100,075	20	20	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	75	50	25	265	165	105	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	220	130	95
Less than 15 minutes	15	15	0	45	25	20	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	45	25	20
15 to 29 minutes	30	20	10	70	30	40	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	70	40	30
30 to 44 minutes	10	10	0	120	85	35	635,870	363,430	272,445	65	35	30
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	0	10	10	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	35	20	10
60 minutes and over	10	10	0	25	15	0	206,480	126,635	79,840	15	10	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	75	50	25	265	165	105	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	220	130	95
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	10	10	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15	15	0	60	35	25	569,745	368,480	201,265	40	30	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	0	0	0	75	35	40	935,640	441,465	494,170	45	35	10
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10	0	0	25	15	20	626,895	259,220	367,675	55	20	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15	10	10	35	20	10	330,930	142,495	188,435	40	25	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	30	20	0	50	50	0	489,685	284,160	205,530	35	20	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	50	20	25	195	90	105	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	105	60	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	10	25	10	20	303,835	156,030	147,805	10	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	20	170	75	90	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	105	60	45
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	35	10	20	145	70	75	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	80	45	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	20	10	15	230,080	118,075	112,005	5	0	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	0	5	20	5	15	175,305	90,000	85,305	5	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	10	15	120	60	60	992,895	508,315	484,580	70	40	30

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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