Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661543More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661008More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662088More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	392	...	...	354	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	693	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	166	...	...	186	...	...	976,966	...	...	314	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	153	...	...	174	...	...	910,359	...	...	294	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	22,400.0	...	...	15,458.5	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	19,143.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.02	...	...	0.02	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	390	195	200	355	180	175	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	695	335	360
0 to 14 years	80	35	50	55	30	25	309,765	158,545	151,225	140	65	75
0 to 4 years	30	15	15	30	20	10	99,195	50,760	48,435	45	20	25
5 to 9 years	30	15	20	20	10	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	45	20	25
10 to 14 years	20	10	15	10	0	5	103,590	53,120	50,470	50	25	25
15 to 64 years	255	135	115	250	125	120	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	435	220	210
15 to 19 years	20	10	10	5	5	5	97,525	49,340	48,180	50	20	30
20 to 24 years	20	15	5	20	10	15	140,025	70,895	69,125	45	25	20
25 to 29 years	25	10	15	35	20	15	165,525	83,630	81,895	55	35	25
30 to 34 years	40	20	20	50	25	20	157,725	78,995	78,730	35	15	15
35 to 39 years	40	20	15	25	5	20	149,265	74,115	75,155	45	25	25
40 to 44 years	35	15	15	20	10	10	142,365	70,920	71,445	65	35	30
45 to 49 years	20	15	10	30	15	15	125,505	62,690	62,815	45	20	20
50 to 54 years	15	10	5	25	15	10	121,710	61,735	59,975	30	15	15
55 to 59 years	25	15	10	25	15	15	125,465	63,810	61,655	35	15	20
60 to 64 years	15	10	10	15	10	5	118,065	57,920	60,140	30	15	20
65 years and over	55	25	30	50	20	25	351,325	151,210	200,120	115	50	70
65 to 69 years	15	10	5	15	5	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	35	20	20
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	10	5	10	86,030	39,185	46,845	40	20	20
75 to 79 years	10	0	5	5	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	15	5	5
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	10	5	0	46,875	18,960	27,915	10	5	10
85 years and over	10	5	10	5	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	15	5	5
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	10	5	10
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	5	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.5	17.9	25.0	15.5	16.7	14.3	15.5	16.1	14.8	20.1	19.4	20.8
15 to 64 years	65.4	69.2	57.5	70.4	69.4	68.6	67.0	68.5	65.6	62.6	65.7	58.3
65 years and over	14.1	12.8	15.0	14.1	11.1	14.3	17.5	15.4	19.6	16.5	14.9	19.4
85 years and over	2.6	2.6	5.0	1.4	0.0	2.9	2.8	1.9	3.6	2.2	1.5	1.4
Average age of the population	37.9	38.0	37.8	38.7	38.2	39.2	41.0	39.8	42.1	37.8	36.6	38.8
Median age of the population	36.4	37.2	36.0	36.4	35.2	37.2	39.6	38.4	40.4	37.2	35.2	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	155	...	...	175	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	5	...	...	32,530	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	5	...	...	34,075	...	...	35	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...	95	...	...	110,440	...	...	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	105	...	...	70	...	...	479,885	...	...	160	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	80	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	155	...	...	175	...	...	910,355	...	...	295	...	...
1 person	45	...	...	70	...	...	367,400	...	...	110	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	60	...	...	271,730	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	30	...	...	118,205	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	10	...	...	98,205	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	5	...	...	54,820	...	...	30	...	...
Number of persons in private households	390	195	200	355	180	175	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	695	335	360
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	310	160	150	300	150	145	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	550	270	285
Married or living common-law	170	90	80	125	60	60	822,440	414,330	408,115	200	105	95
Married	140	70	70	70	35	35	577,060	289,455	287,600	150	75	70
Living common-law	30	15	15	50	25	25	245,385	124,870	120,510	50	25	25
Living common law - Never married	25	15	15	45	20	20	207,040	104,785	102,250	45	25	20
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	10	0	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	5	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	140	70	65	170	85	90	872,060	410,935	461,125	355	165	190
Not married and not living common law - Never married	90	60	35	115	60	60	627,845	333,150	294,700	240	135	105
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	10	5	10	34,795	14,820	19,975	20	5	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	25	5	15	30	15	20	126,605	46,380	80,225	70	20	50
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	0	15	15	5	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	25	0	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	100	...	...	85	...	...	495,445	...	...	165	...	...
2 persons	45	...	...	50	...	...	251,075	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	20	...	...	107,265	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	10	...	...	93,300	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	25	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	105	...	...	90	...	...	495,445	...	...	165	...	...
Total couple families	75	...	...	60	...	...	395,645	...	...	90	...	...
Married couples	60	...	...	35	...	...	273,070	...	...	70	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	20	...	...	162,745	...	...	45	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	15	...	...	110,325	...	...	20	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	25	...	...	122,570	...	...	20	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	10	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	15	...	...	77,700	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	25	...	...	99,805	...	...	70	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	20	...	...	80,530	...	...	60	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	390	195	200	355	175	175	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	690	335	360
Total - Persons in census families	320	160	165	235	120	120	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	525	240	280
Married spouses or common-law partners	155	80	75	120	60	60	791,280	398,495	392,785	185	95	95
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	20	25	10	15	99,805	19,275	80,525	70	10	60
Children⁶	145	70	70	90	50	45	541,905	284,935	256,965	265	130	135
In a two-parent family	100	50	45	55	25	25	392,250	205,155	187,095	130	70	55
In a one-parent family	40	15	25	35	20	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	135	65	75
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	70	40	30	120	60	55	526,370	262,915	263,450	170	95	75
Living alone	45	20	20	65	30	35	367,395	175,660	191,740	110	55	55
Living with other relatives⁷	5	5	5	15	5	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	25	10	15
Living with non-relatives only	15	10	5	40	20	20	109,690	65,235	44,455	35	25	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	150	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	295	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	90	...	...	85	...	...	455,970	...	...	150	...	...
Couple-family households	65	...	...	60	...	...	370,250	...	...	90	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	30	...	...	194,165	...	...	60	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	30	...	...	176,085	...	...	30	...	...
One-parent-family households	25	...	...	25	...	...	85,720	...	...	60	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	0	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	20	...	...	55,210	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	45	...	...	65	...	...	367,395	...	...	110	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	310	160	155	295	145	150	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	550	270	280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	285	145	140	285	140	140	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	520	255	265
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,800	25,600	26,600	32,800	32,400	32,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	26,200	27,800	24,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	285	145	140	285	140	140	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	520	255	265
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,000	24,600	25,600	30,200	29,800	31,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	24,600	25,800	24,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	210	110	95	235	120	115	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	355	185	165
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,600	18,400	12,100	23,200	25,800	18,800	31,000	35,200	27,000	18,800	22,000	16,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	180	100	80	200	100	100	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	305	175	140
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	18,000	21,600	14,400	23,400	27,600	21,400	32,800	36,000	29,600	22,000	23,000	18,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	265	135	130	255	125	130	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	480	230	255
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	11,800	15,000	11,600	10,100	13,000	10,800	9,600	12,000	14,300	11,700	17,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35	15	15	35	15	20	171,705	84,570	87,145	55	35	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	x	x	5,760	x	x	5,520	5,480	5,680	4,880	4,880	4,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120	70	55	100	45	55	529,640	276,110	253,530	190	105	85
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,500	8,000	8,800	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,200	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	385	195	185	310	150	160	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	510	260	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	160	170	290	145	145	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	470	245	230
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,700	33,600	27,800	31,600	30,800	32,500	53,250	60,050	46,760	33,400	31,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	160	170	290	145	145	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	470	245	230
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,700	29,800	25,600	28,600	27,200	30,000	42,520	46,280	38,960	30,300	28,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	245	135	115	220	110	115	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	345	185	155
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,000	27,600	17,600	27,600	29,200	26,000	48,960	57,350	40,640	26,600	26,000	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	205	115	90	185	90	90	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	315	185	130
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,200	30,000	21,600	28,600	30,400	26,800	48,760	55,650	41,480	27,800	25,000	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	315	145	165	270	130	140	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	440	225	215
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,600	12,000	16,800	11,600	9,800	13,400	12,040	10,900	13,040	15,150	12,900	17,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60	30	30	30	0	15	171,360	84,435	86,925	50	45	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,400	9,500	5,200	...	5,000	6,840	6,065	7,590	7,000	7,000	...
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	170	90	75	110	55	55	528,305	276,300	252,005	185	115	75
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,400	9,200	9,800	9,600	10,000	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,900	9,800	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	385	195	185	305	155	155	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	510	260	245
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	45	30	20	50	30	15	514,340	278,505	235,830	125	70	60
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	x	x	51,600	37,200	x	60,000	63,600	56,000	46,000	41,200	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,000	64,000	50,000	56,000	48,000	70,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	49,000	46,000	54,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	75	55	110	50	60	504,455	247,565	256,895	120	85	40
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	10,900	11,000	8,000	12,600	11,300	13,200	16,400	17,400	15,500	13,700	13,800	11,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	22,000	10,000	19,200	19,500	19,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	16,800	16,800	16,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	56.0	68.0	42.0	66.0	70.0	62.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	57.6	63.0	52.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.0	64.0	40.0	56.0	64.0	50.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	55.0	59.0	52.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	44.0	32.0	59.0	34.0	29.0	38.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	42.4	37.0	47.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.8	3.6	6.0	1.8	x	2.0	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.4	4.0	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	16.0	16.0	16.4	12.8	12.8	12.8	6.4	5.9	7.0	13.1	15.4	11.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	14.2	14.4	14.0	11.6	12.0	11.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	11.6	14.4	9.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	310	160	150	295	150	145	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	550	265	285
Without total income	25	15	10	15	5	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	30	10	15
With total income	285	145	140	280	145	140	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	520	255	265
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	20	20	25	10	15	138,250	65,670	72,580	55	30	30
$10,000 to $19,999	60	35	30	50	25	25	200,450	93,060	107,390	80	45	40
$20,000 to $29,999	60	30	35	50	30	20	286,825	131,235	155,595	150	65	90
$30,000 to $39,999	50	30	20	55	30	25	215,455	102,705	112,755	80	50	30
$40,000 to $49,999	30	15	15	35	15	20	181,505	86,460	95,040	45	20	30
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	15	25	10	15	138,185	64,805	73,380	35	15	20
$60,000 to $69,999	0	0	0	10	5	10	100,060	48,510	51,550	20	5	15
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	5	10	5	5	74,165	37,625	36,540	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	5	0	0	58,400	30,060	28,335	15	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	0	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	10	0	5
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	10	5	0	149,555	92,680	56,875	10	10	0
$100,000 to $149,999	0	0	0	5	5	0	90,980	53,275	37,705	10	5	0
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	310	160	150	295	150	145	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	550	265	285
Without after-tax income	25	15	10	15	5	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	30	10	15
With after-tax income	285	145	140	280	145	140	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	520	255	265
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	20	20	25	10	15	144,275	67,955	76,320	55	30	30
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	30	50	25	25	210,975	98,495	112,480	90	45	40
$20,000 to $29,999	70	30	35	65	35	25	334,395	155,845	178,545	160	65	95
$30,000 to $39,999	55	35	25	60	30	25	257,145	124,835	132,315	90	55	35
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	15	40	20	20	204,980	97,805	107,175	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	15	5	5	20	5	15	139,760	67,315	72,450	30	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	15	0	10	15	5	10	93,705	46,700	47,005	15	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	5	5	0	61,765	31,815	29,945	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	10	0	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	5	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	310	160	150	295	150	145	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	550	265	285
Without employment income	135	60	70	95	45	50	495,060	212,405	282,660	245	95	145
With employment income	175	95	75	200	105	95	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	310	170	135
Under $5,000 (including loss)	35	10	25	30	10	15	167,560	82,405	85,155	60	25	30
$5,000 to $9,999	25	15	10	30	10	15	111,575	52,975	58,595	30	20	15
$10,000 to $19,999	30	20	10	35	15	15	151,350	72,815	78,530	55	30	25
$20,000 to $29,999	30	25	5	25	10	10	116,030	56,295	59,730	35	25	10
$30,000 to $39,999	15	5	5	25	15	5	108,120	55,225	52,890	25	15	10
$40,000 to $49,999	15	10	5	15	5	10	104,250	51,950	52,300	35	15	20
$50,000 to $59,999	5	5	0	15	5	10	84,485	42,940	41,540	15	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	5	0	0	5	5	0	66,190	35,045	31,145	10	5	5
$70,000 to $79,999	5	5	0	5	0	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	15	5	10
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	5	0	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	5	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	10	5	0	115,575	74,545	41,030	10	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	5	5	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	5	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	310	160	155	295	145	150	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	550	270	280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	140	135	275	135	135	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	505	245	255
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	22,000	22,600	21,800	27,800	29,200	26,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	21,200	21,000	21,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	140	135	275	135	135	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	505	245	255
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	21,600	21,600	21,600	26,400	26,600	25,400	31,000	32,800	29,400	21,200	21,000	21,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	200	105	90	235	115	120	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	330	180	155
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	19,200	20,600	18,000	23,200	25,600	22,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	19,600	23,400	17,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	170	95	70	200	95	105	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	295	165	130
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	22,800	23,000	21,400	26,400	29,400	24,000	33,600	36,800	30,400	20,400	23,600	17,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	250	130	125	245	120	125	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	445	205	240
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	4,800	7,750	6,280	4,000	6,850	4,440	2,760	7,300	8,200	5,520	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	5	10	30	15	15	114,940	56,080	58,855	45	20	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	6,320	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	5,280	5,360	4,920
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	385	195	185	310	150	160	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	510	260	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	315	145	170	270	135	135	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	455	235	220
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	31,600	23,600	29,600	30,800	28,400	50,000	57,050	43,280	29,200	29,600	28,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	315	145	170	270	135	135	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	455	235	220
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,600	27,600	22,000	26,400	27,200	25,600	39,800	43,800	35,920	26,400	26,400	26,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	225	120	110	225	105	120	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	320	175	150
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,200	32,500	19,200	27,200	30,800	23,600	49,080	57,750	40,560	28,100	31,600	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	200	110	95	185	90	100	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	300	170	130
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,400	33,000	20,400	28,800	33,000	25,200	48,720	55,750	41,240	28,400	30,600	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	295	135	160	235	120	120	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	395	195	205
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,700	5,900	13,000	7,600	6,600	8,600	8,250	6,740	9,510	10,480	7,250	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	0	20	25	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	30	20	15
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	13,000	...	13,000	7,200	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	5,600	5,000	6,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	385	195	185	305	155	155	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	510	260	245
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	45	30	20	55	40	15	507,645	274,575	233,070	125	60	60
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,600	x	x	46,400	39,600	x	54,400	58,400	50,400	36,800	40,800	36,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,000	52,000	40,000	48,000	38,000	70,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	46,000	50,000	42,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120	75	50	90	40	55	462,020	227,495	234,530	110	80	30
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	25,600	11,400	19,200	x	19,200	21,800	23,200	20,400	16,800	14,100	x
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	29,000	16,000	22,000	28,000	18,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	20,800	20,000	22,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	67.0	84.0	50.0	77.0	80.0	74.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	68.5	80.0	56.0
Employment income (%)	64.0	78.0	46.0	67.0	70.0	64.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	65.0	75.0	54.0
Government transfers (%)	32.5	17.0	50.0	22.8	19.5	26.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	31.6	20.4	44.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.5	x	7.0	2.4	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.2	1.2	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	155	...	...	175	...	...	910,355	...	...	295	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	51,200	...	...	52,400	...	...	66,000	...	...	47,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	48,400	...	...	58,000	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	45	...	...	65	...	...	367,395	...	...	110	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	25,600	...	...	31,800	...	...	38,000	...	...	23,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	25,200	...	...	29,000	...	...	34,000	...	...	23,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	105	...	...	110	...	...	542,960	...	...	185	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...	92,000	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,400	...	...	80,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	155	...	...	175	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	54,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,000	...	...	48,800	...	...	74,100	...	...	52,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	55	...	...	367,255	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	44,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	35,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	39,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	31,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	135	...	...	120	...	...	543,100	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	54,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	155	...	...	175	...	...	910,355	...	...	295	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	57,720	...	...	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	41,545	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	42,630	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	75,485	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	67,695	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	60,495	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	54,055	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	25	...	...	20	...	...	270,265	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	85,635	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	56,205	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	62,095	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	66,335	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	155	...	...	175	...	...	910,355	...	...	295	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	27,485	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	63,030	...	...	55	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	48,815	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	51,055	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	50,890	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	47,120	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	85,490	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	75,625	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	65,530	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	54,850	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	45,065	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	10	...	...	20	...	...	197,490	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	78,870	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	45,905	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	72,715	...	...	5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	100	...	...	90	...	...	501,830	...	...	175	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	61,600	...	...	94,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	58,400	...	...	82,000	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	30	...	...	179,195	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	59,200	...	...	88,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	55,600	...	...	75,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	30	...	...	208,260	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	97,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	30	...	...	95,875	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	52,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	56,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	50,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	52,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	65	35	30	105	55	50	477,085	240,895	236,195	145	85	60
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	24,800	23,800	27,400	29,600	28,800	36,000	34,400	34,800	34,000	23,000	24,000	22,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	24,600	23,600	25,600	28,200	25,600	33,600	31,200	31,200	31,200	22,800	23,200	22,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	120	...	...	100	...	...	501,905	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	61,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	30	...	...	179,455	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	45,000	...	...	52,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	25	...	...	208,375	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	35	...	...	95,455	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	50	20	30	100	50	50	476,520	240,280	236,245	170	110	60
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	22,000	x	30,000	33,500	30,000	37,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	33,200	33,500	33,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	20,000	x	28,000	29,600	27,000	32,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	29,800	29,600	30,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	395	195	195	350	180	175	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	695	335	360
0 to 17 years	100	45	55	65	30	35	365,020	186,710	178,315	175	80	95
0 to 5 years	35	15	20	35	20	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	55	25	30
18 to 64 years	240	125	110	240	125	120	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	395	210	190
65 years and over	55	25	30	50	20	25	317,425	140,270	177,155	120	45	70
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115	60	55	95	50	45	321,885	154,370	167,510	200	90	115
0 to 17 years	35	15	20	25	10	10	54,265	27,870	26,395	45	15	30
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	5	5	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	60	35	25	60	30	25	197,020	99,310	97,710	90	45	45
65 years and over	25	5	15	10	5	5	70,600	27,185	43,415	60	30	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	29.6	32.0	27.0	26.4	26.0	26.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	28.8	26.4	31.2
0 to 17 years (%)	32.0	32.0	28.0	32.0	28.0	36.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	26.0	24.0	30.0
0 to 5 years (%)	32.0	40.0	20.0	16.0	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	28.0	20.0	36.0
18 to 64 years (%)	26.0	30.0	20.0	24.0	24.0	24.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	23.2	21.0	25.0
65 years and over (%)	44.0	40.0	45.0	28.0	30.0	25.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	52.0	56.0	52.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	390	195	200	355	175	175	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	690	335	355
0 to 17 years	100	45	50	65	35	30	365,025	186,705	178,315	180	75	100
0 to 5 years	35	15	15	35	20	15	120,610	61,615	58,995	55	25	30
18 to 64 years	235	125	110	245	120	120	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	400	210	190
65 years and over	60	25	30	45	20	25	317,425	140,265	177,155	115	45	70
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	80	45	35	55	30	30	213,720	108,905	104,815	115	60	60
0 to 17 years	25	10	15	10	5	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	20	10	15
0 to 5 years	5	10	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	10	0	5
18 to 64 years	50	30	20	45	25	25	153,385	81,765	71,620	60	35	30
65 years and over	5	5	5	5	5	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	30	15	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	19.5	22.0	17.0	16.5	17.0	16.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	16.4	17.0	16.0
0 to 17 years (%)	24.0	28.0	20.0	10.0	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	12.0	10.0	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	25.0	40.0	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	12.0	x	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	20.0	24.0	16.0	19.5	20.0	18.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	16.0	17.0	14.0
65 years and over (%)	10.0	x	12.0	10.0	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	26.0	28.0	24.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	390	195	200	355	180	175	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	695	335	360
In bottom half of the distribution	345	170	170	275	135	135	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	580	280	305
In bottom decile	105	60	45	80	40	40	298,540	147,890	150,655	185	85	100
In second decile	90	40	50	65	35	30	244,435	115,985	128,450	125	60	65
In third decile	75	40	40	75	35	35	240,895	116,550	124,345	140	75	70
In fourth decile	40	20	20	25	10	15	218,125	105,885	112,240	70	35	40
In fifth decile	35	15	20	35	15	20	194,765	95,185	99,580	65	30	30
In top half of the distribution	55	20	30	80	40	40	762,590	384,140	378,450	110	55	55
In sixth decile	15	10	5	25	15	10	172,200	85,100	87,095	20	10	10
In seventh decile	15	5	10	25	15	10	156,540	78,290	78,250	35	15	20
In eighth decile	10	0	5	25	10	10	144,120	72,600	71,525	25	10	15
In ninth decile	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,265	68,285	65,980	20	10	5
In top decile	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,465	79,870	75,595	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	390	...	...	355	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	690	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.304	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.290	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.574	...	...	0.484	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.592	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269	...	...	0.266	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.254	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.5	...	...	3.5	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	390	195	200	355	175	175	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	690	335	355
English only	125	65	60	50	35	20	262,290	133,690	128,600	20	20	5
French only	30	15	10	85	40	45	486,845	221,005	265,840	360	160	195
English and French	190	90	100	205	100	100	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	285	150	140
Neither English nor French	50	20	25	10	5	10	45,860	18,340	27,520	25	10	15
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	390	195	200	355	175	175	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	690	335	355
English	195	100	95	95	60	40	605,220	303,380	301,835	50	25	20
French	85	45	40	215	105	115	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	575	280	295
English and French	65	30	35	30	15	20	173,785	88,480	85,300	45	20	25
Neither English nor French	50	20	25	10	5	10	44,430	17,640	26,790	20	10	15
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	390	195	200	355	175	175	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	690	335	355
Single responses	355	175	180	325	165	160	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	615	305	315
Official languages	120	65	55	220	110	110	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	375	185	195
English	60	30	30	55	30	20	322,315	162,085	160,230	15	5	5
French	60	35	25	165	80	90	870,975	428,435	442,540	355	170	185
Non-official languages	235	110	125	105	50	55	643,275	311,525	331,750	245	120	125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	235	110	125	105	50	55	642,820	311,370	331,445	240	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	10	5	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	95	50	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	30	20	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	25	15	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	10	5	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	65	30	40
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	0	10	5	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	65	30	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0	0	5	37,690	16,985	20,705	30	15	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	15	10	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	5	8,705	4,110	4,595	20	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	15	5	10	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	195	90	105	40	20	25	329,415	158,980	170,435	80	35	45
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	5	0	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	15	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	5	0	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	15	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	5	5	5
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	5	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	55	25	30	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	130	65	70	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	130	65	70	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	10	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	5	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	30	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	45	20	30	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	35	15	20	183,755	87,295	96,460	60	25	40
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	15	5	10	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	5	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	15	5	10	85,395	41,150	44,250	55	20	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	5	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	5	5	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	57,075	26,030	31,035	5	5	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	56,890	25,955	30,935	5	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	25	10	10	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10	5	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	20	15	30	15	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	75	35	45
English and French	15	5	10	10	5	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	5	5	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	10	0	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	55	25	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	390	195	200	355	175	175	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	690	335	355
English	50	30	20	50	25	25	340,470	170,050	170,425	10	5	10
French	45	25	20	155	75	80	779,125	383,000	396,125	325	165	160
Non-official language	120	55	65	40	15	20	204,395	96,705	107,690	60	20	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	120	55	65	40	15	20	204,315	96,670	107,645	60	20	40
English and French	15	5	15	30	15	15	173,135	89,205	83,935	35	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	65	30	30	30	15	10	135,390	66,995	68,400	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	25	15	10	180,900	85,935	94,965	180	90	95
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	25	10	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	60	25	30
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	390	195	200	355	175	175	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	690	335	355
Single responses	335	170	175	320	155	160	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	570	275	290
Official languages	145	80	70	250	125	125	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	435	225	210
English	85	40	40	75	40	35	479,850	239,270	240,580	25	10	15
French	60	35	30	175	85	90	956,130	471,155	484,975	415	210	200
Non-official languages	190	85	100	70	35	35	370,290	177,955	192,335	135	55	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	85	105	70	35	35	370,125	177,895	192,235	135	55	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	35	10	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	10	0	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	25	10	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	25	10	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	15	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	15	5	10	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	160	75	85	25	10	15	188,550	90,370	98,185	60	25	35
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	5	5	5
Russian	0	0	0	5	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	40	15	20	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	115	55	65	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	10	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	115	55	65	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	10	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	5	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	40	15	25	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	25	5	15	95,835	44,515	51,315	45	15	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	10	5	5	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	10	5	5	54,335	26,035	28,300	40	15	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	20	10	10	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10	5	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	25	25	35	25	15	173,745	85,640	88,110	120	55	65
English and French	15	5	10	5	0	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	10	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	5	5	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	20	10	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	85	40	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	5	5	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	10	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	390	195	200	355	175	175	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	690	335	360
None	250	125	120	270	135	130	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	505	240	265
English	35	15	20	35	15	20	131,630	67,290	64,340	35	20	15
French	10	5	5	15	10	5	126,780	62,180	64,600	40	15	20
Non-official language	50	30	25	20	10	10	144,335	69,210	75,130	65	30	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	30	25	20	10	15	144,155	69,135	75,015	65	30	30
English and French	15	5	10	5	0	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	30	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0	0	0	38,875	19,700	19,180	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	5	5	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	15	10	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	475	245	230	350	175	180	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	605	310	295
Official languages	420	230	195	340	170	170	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	600	310	295
English	385	200	185	250	135	115	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	310	165	145
French	270	155	115	295	145	155	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	560	285	280
Non-official languages	370	190	185	145	75	70	971,455	471,755	499,700	375	180	190
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	370	190	185	145	75	70	970,710	471,495	499,220	375	180	190
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	217,295	113,605	103,690	95	55	40
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	205,120	107,210	97,905	95	55	40
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	95	55	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	76,295	34,775	41,520	85	40	45
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	70	35	35
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	50	20	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	15	35	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	50	15	35	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	320	175	145	55	35	25	514,485	250,190	264,295	150	65	85
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	75	40	35	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	225	130	100	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	25	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	225	130	90	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	20	10	15
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	35	25	15	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	100	55	45	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	80	55	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	75	30	45	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	10	55	35	25	324,695	154,360	170,340	125	55	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,285	51,300	55,985	15	0	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	20	0	15	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10	35	20	15	193,835	91,345	102,490	105	45	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	50	30	20	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30	15	15	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	20	10	10	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	475	245	225	355	175	180	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	605	310	290
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	25	0	15	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	475	245	225	330	170	160	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	605	310	290
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	475	245	225	355	175	180	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	605	310	290
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	475	245	225	335	170	170	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	605	310	290
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	160	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Owner	30	...	...	20	...	...	360,125	...	...	35	...	...
Renter	125	...	...	150	...	...	550,240	...	...	235	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	160	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Condominium	30	...	...	15	...	...	192,985	...	...	35	...	...
Not condominium	125	...	...	155	...	...	717,375	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	160	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	40	...	...	40	...	...	267,715	...	...	80	...	...
2 bedrooms	100	...	...	60	...	...	303,875	...	...	90	...	...
3 bedrooms	10	...	...	45	...	...	220,945	...	...	70	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	25	...	...	98,090	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	160	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	115	...	...	75	...	...	501,570	...	...	150	...	...
5 rooms	25	...	...	45	...	...	166,230	...	...	70	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	20	...	...	78,495	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...	20	...	...	58,850	...	...	15	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	15	...	...	105,210	...	...	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.0	...	...	4.8	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	160	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
One person or fewer per room	120	...	...	170	...	...	881,730	...	...	265	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	160	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Suitable	125	...	...	160	...	...	834,885	...	...	250	...	...
Not suitable	35	...	...	10	...	...	75,475	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	160	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
1960 or before	80	...	...	95	...	...	325,005	...	...	80	...	...
1961 to 1980	60	...	...	55	...	...	282,605	...	...	100	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	10	...	...	101,185	...	...	50	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	15	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	10	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	160	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	135	...	...	145	...	...	833,540	...	...	240	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	25	...	...	76,815	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	160	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
One-maintainer household	60	...	...	95	...	...	543,605	...	...	155	...	...
Two-maintainer household	90	...	...	65	...	...	333,140	...	...	105	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	15	...	...	33,620	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	160	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	10	...	...	40,960	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	10	...	...	30	...	...	162,375	...	...	25	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	25	...	...	171,535	...	...	60	...	...
45 to 54 years	25	...	...	35	...	...	155,520	...	...	40	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	40	...	...	156,865	...	...	50	...	...
65 to 74 years	15	...	...	15	...	...	122,825	...	...	40	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	10	...	...	70,345	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	150	...	...	170	...	...	902,485	...	...	270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	120	...	...	130	...	...	686,075	...	...	235	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	30	...	...	45	...	...	216,410	...	...	35	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25	...	...	35	...	...	189,795	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	160	...	...	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	270	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	70	...	...	330,635	...	...	85	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	25	...	...	40	...	...	186,350	...	...	35	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	20	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	15	...	...	50,745	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	10	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	90	...	...	100	...	...	579,720	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	145	...	...	170	...	...	875,865	...	...	270	...	...
In core need	15	...	...	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	20	...	...
Not in core need	125	...	...	155	...	...	787,925	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35	...	...	20	...	...	360,120	...	...	30	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.1	...	...	100.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	50.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...	1,370	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,700	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,400	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	x	...	...	544,000	...	...	645,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	680,000	...	...	560,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	150	...	...	550,235	...	...	240	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	37.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.8	...	...	20.0	...	...	28.4	...	...	12.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	8.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	810	...	...	890	...	...	700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	880	...	...	987	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	475	240	230	355	170	180	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	605	310	295
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	20	10	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	20	10	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	10	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	475	240	230	320	165	155	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	605	310	295
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	475	245	230	350	170	175	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	605	310	295
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	390	190	195	275	135	140	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	505	235	265
Canadian citizens aged under 18	105	60	50	35	20	20	322,965	164,980	157,985	130	65	65
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	285	135	155	235	120	125	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	370	170	200
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	85	55	30	80	40	40	313,410	160,530	152,885	100	75	30
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	475	245	230	350	170	175	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	605	310	295
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	240	130	105	235	115	125	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	370	180	195
Immigrants⁸¹	170	70	100	60	35	30	652,730	313,955	338,770	200	100	105
Before 1980	45	15	35	0	0	0	108,265	50,530	57,735	25	20	10
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	10	10	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	45	15	30
1991 to 2000	50	20	25	10	10	0	106,810	50,520	56,290	35	20	15
2001 to 2010	30	15	15	20	0	15	154,780	74,520	80,255	30	0	20
2011 to 2021⁸²	25	15	15	20	15	10	213,175	104,225	108,950	70	40	30
2011 to 2015	10	0	10	0	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	15	15	0
2016 to 2021	20	15	0	20	15	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	60	25	30
Non-permanent residents⁸³	70	45	25	55	25	30	138,240	75,380	62,860	35	35	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	165	70	100	60	35	30	652,725	313,955	338,770	200	100	105
Under 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	10	10	0	103,285	51,965	51,320	25	20	10
15 to 24 years	80	25	50	10	10	0	118,475	53,035	65,440	45	20	20
25 to 44 years	65	30	35	30	10	20	326,320	158,620	167,700	105	55	50
45 years and over	10	10	0	10	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	25	0	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	165	70	100	60	35	30	652,725	313,955	338,770	200	100	105
Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0	137,955	63,465	74,485	100	40	55
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	60	20	40
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	20	20	0
Europe	55	15	40	15	0	15	158,795	76,610	82,190	25	15	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	10	0	10	42,245	22,305	19,935	15	0	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	50	15	35	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	10	0	0	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	60	30	25
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	15	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	45	20	25
Asia	100	50	50	35	25	15	202,715	95,775	106,935	20	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	30	20	15	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	25	15	10	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	10	15	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	25	10	15	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15	15	0	20	10	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	60	30	30
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	35	15	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	20	0	15
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	10	0	0
Asia	15	15	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	15	15	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	475	245	230	350	175	180	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	600	310	290
First generation¹⁰⁰	235	115	125	125	60	60	813,905	400,325	413,580	240	135	100
Second generation¹⁰¹	185	100	85	60	25	35	424,225	212,755	211,475	185	95	90
Third generation or more¹⁰²	55	35	25	170	90	80	721,230	352,590	368,630	180	85	100
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	125	60	65	55	30	25	544,455	263,425	281,040	175	80	95
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25	10	15	35	20	15	303,105	155,090	148,020	80	30	45
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10	10	0	20	15	10	151,015	87,200	63,815	55	25	30
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15	0	15	15	0	10	152,090	67,890	84,205	25	0	20
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	40	15	25	10	0	0	146,645	59,645	87,000	55	20	35
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	30	25	0	0	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	40	30	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	125	60	65	55	30	25	544,455	263,425	281,040	175	80	95
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	30	20	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	20	15	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	10	10	10	0	10	56,685	26,490	30,195	20	0	20
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	10	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	55	15	40	35	20	10	387,815	184,015	203,795	120	55	65
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	475	245	230	350	175	180	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	605	310	290
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	315	165	150	135	65	65	737,510	363,785	373,725	345	190	150
South Asian	220	130	85	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	40	10	30
Chinese	0	0	0	50	30	20	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	0	0	0	40	15	20	208,805	101,125	107,680	155	95	60
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	40	15	25	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	95	45	45
Latin American	0	0	0	35	15	20	82,550	40,580	41,970	40	15	20
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	160	75	80	220	110	115	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	260	120	140
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	475	245	230	350	175	175	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	605	310	295
Canadian	0	0	0	80	30	45	241,015	115,880	125,135	85	40	50
English	0	0	0	15	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	10	10	0
Irish	25	20	10	20	10	10	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0
Scottish	20	0	15	10	0	10	61,620	29,560	32,065	10	10	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25	15	10	65	30	35	336,880	169,710	167,170	55	30	20
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	40	30	15	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	30	20	10	156,025	76,485	79,535	25	15	10
Indian (India)	110	70	40	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	70	30	45
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	20	10	10	66,400	31,740	34,655	10	0	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	20	10	10	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	40	15	20	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	15	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	20	10	10	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	10	0	10
Pakistani	75	30	45	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	0	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	20	10	0
Greek	85	40	45	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	10	10	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	20	0	15	82,590	38,735	43,855	105	60	45
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	50	15	35	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	40	30	10	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	10	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	20	0	15
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	30	25	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	470	245	225	355	175	180	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	605	310	290
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	125	70	55	210	85	130	969,945	451,410	518,540	335	145	195
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	35	20	10	40	20	20	116,635	55,545	61,090	45	35	15
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	15	10	0	165	60	105	675,695	314,690	361,010	255	95	165
Christian Orthodox	80	40	40	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	75	30	45	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	150	75	75	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	120	70	50
Sikh	50	35	20	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	70	35	35	130	85	50	590,140	310,985	279,165	145	95	50
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	475	245	230	350	170	180	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	600	305	295
Non-movers	440	220	220	335	165	170	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	535	260	275
Movers	35	25	0	20	0	10	255,365	129,500	125,865	65	40	20
Non-migrants	25	15	0	10	0	10	186,805	94,745	92,055	50	35	15
Migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	10	10	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	10	10	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	10	10	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	450	230	215	330	165	160	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	580	295	285
Non-movers	300	155	145	140	75	65	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	300	115	180
Movers	145	75	70	190	90	100	821,475	413,250	408,230	285	185	100
Non-migrants	75	30	45	95	50	50	433,700	216,030	217,670	205	110	95
Migrants	70	50	25	90	40	55	387,770	197,215	190,560	80	75	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	25	10	15	190,035	93,955	96,075	20	20	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	25	10	15	159,710	78,770	80,940	20	15	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	65	45	20	65	35	35	197,735	103,260	94,485	60	55	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	195	185	310	155	160	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	510	260	245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	160	70	90	85	45	45	274,820	136,500	138,320	185	85	105
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	220	130	95	220	105	110	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	320	180	140
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	240	120	120	240	130	110	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	300	170	130
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	80	35	50	50	25	25	121,295	65,950	55,345	70	40	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	155	90	65	190	105	85	975,700	481,690	494,005	230	130	100
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	200	185	310	150	155	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	510	260	245
No certificate, diploma or degree	155	65	90	75	30	45	247,460	120,840	126,625	160	75	95
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	70	55	15	65	35	25	319,755	162,520	157,240	125	70	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	155	75	75	170	85	80	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	215	115	100
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	45	55	75	35	35	473,060	232,855	240,210	145	75	70
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	15	10	35	25	10	146,170	81,740	64,425	60	30	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	0	20	10	10	106,110	54,025	52,085	45	10	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0	10	10	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	20	15	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	30	40	40	15	25	260,845	122,345	138,495	70	50	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,045	28,760	37,285	15	0	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	55	35	25	95	45	45	609,855	291,355	318,505	70	45	25
Bachelor's degree	35	15	15	50	25	25	344,605	160,320	184,285	40	30	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	10	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	25	15	10	35	15	15	159,510	78,325	81,190	25	10	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	240	120	115	235	125	110	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	305	175	135
No certificate, diploma or degree	80	30	50	45	15	30	102,815	55,805	47,015	55	35	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35	25	10	55	35	15	162,205	88,420	73,785	75	45	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120	65	55	145	80	65	831,975	403,420	428,555	175	90	80
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	35	25	65	40	30	333,160	167,260	165,895	100	45	50
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	10	0	30	25	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	30	15	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	20	10	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	20	0	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	15	15	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	30	15	30	10	20	174,185	84,745	89,445	55	35	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	10	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	60	30	25	80	40	35	498,815	236,155	262,665	75	45	30
Bachelor's degree	30	15	20	45	20	20	276,640	128,890	147,745	45	30	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	10	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	25	15	10	25	10	20	137,150	66,720	70,430	25	15	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	380	200	190	310	150	155	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	505	260	250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	225	120	105	140	70	75	567,220	283,355	283,860	290	140	145
Education	15	0	10	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
13. Education	15	0	10	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	0	15	15	10	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	0	15	15	10	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	0	0	0
Humanities	10	10	0	15	10	0	78,920	30,815	48,110	20	20	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	15	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	30	15	0	15	157,220	58,185	99,040	35	10	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	0	0	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	25	15	10	40	10	35	248,895	110,950	137,945	45	20	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25	15	10	40	10	35	237,125	108,040	129,090	45	20	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	20	15	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	15	10	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	25	15	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	25	15	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	0	25	25	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	45	35	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	10	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	15	15	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	15	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10	0	0	0	0	0	122,295	30,795	91,495	20	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	0	0	0	109,185	24,140	85,045	20	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	15	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	235	125	120	240	130	110	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	305	170	130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	120	60	60	90	45	40	265,025	144,230	120,800	130	80	55
Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
13. Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	15	10	10	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	10	10	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	10	10	0	15	10	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	20	15	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	15	10	0	10	121,985	44,105	77,880	25	10	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	0	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	10	0	0
Business, management and public administration	20	15	10	40	0	30	199,525	87,920	111,600	35	15	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20	15	10	40	0	30	190,410	85,600	104,810	35	15	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	20	15	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	15	10	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	15	10	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	15	0	30	25	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	40	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	10	10	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	15	15	0	16,030	15,195	835	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10	0	0	0	0	0	92,595	23,265	69,330	10	0	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	0	0	0	82,410	18,370	64,045	10	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	235	125	120	240	130	110	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	305	170	130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120	60	60	90	45	40	265,025	144,230	120,800	130	80	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	120	65	55	145	80	65	831,975	403,415	428,560	170	95	80
Location of study inside Canada	75	40	40	100	55	45	598,455	286,340	312,115	120	55	70
Same as province or territory of residence	75	40	35	100	55	45	566,540	270,160	296,380	120	50	70
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	40	30	15	45	25	20	233,520	117,075	116,445	50	35	10
Americas	0	0	0	10	10	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	10	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	10	0	10	74,705	39,515	35,190	15	10	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	10	0	10	43,480	23,805	19,675	15	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	15	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	15	15	0
Asia	35	20	15	20	10	10	65,125	28,945	36,180	15	10	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	10	10	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	15	10	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	385	200	185	310	150	155	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	510	260	245
In the labour force	210	130	75	200	100	100	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	260	155	105
Employed	170	110	60	170	80	95	971,245	502,885	468,360	220	125	95
Unemployed	45	25	15	30	20	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	35	25	10
Not in the labour force	170	65	110	105	55	55	568,495	246,215	322,280	245	105	145
Participation rate	54.5	65.0	40.5	64.5	66.7	64.5	65.5	69.5	61.8	51.0	59.6	42.9
Employment rate	44.2	55.0	32.4	54.8	53.3	61.3	58.9	62.3	55.6	43.1	48.1	38.8
Unemployment rate	21.4	19.2	20.0	15.0	20.0	10.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	13.5	16.1	9.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	380	200	190	310	150	155	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	505	260	250
Did not work¹⁸⁶	185	80	110	125	60	70	582,470	253,075	329,400	255	110	145
Worked	200	120	80	180	95	90	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	250	145	100
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	50	25	20	55	40	15	529,400	287,950	241,450	130	65	65
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	150	95	55	130	55	75	538,265	266,540	271,725	120	80	35
Average weeks worked in reference year	31.5	30.2	33.5	35.2	39.2	31.2	39.7	40.2	39.3	39.4	37.2	42.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	210	135	80	200	95	100	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	260	155	105
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	195	125	70	185	95	100	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	245	150	100
Employee	175	105	70	165	85	80	907,745	457,830	449,915	210	125	85
Permanent position	145	85	60	105	60	45	741,830	380,445	361,385	180	105	75
Temporary position	30	20	10	65	25	35	165,915	77,385	88,530	25	25	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	0	10	25	0	25	69,690	31,285	38,405	10	10	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	10	10	0	35	20	15	96,225	46,100	50,120	15	10	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	25	25	0	25	10	15	142,380	88,145	54,230	40	25	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	210	135	80	200	95	100	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	260	155	105
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	195	125	70	185	95	100	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	245	150	100
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15	0	10	35	15	20	207,660	79,975	127,685	65	25	40
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	20	10	20	10	10	114,775	85,780	28,990	20	15	0
3 Health occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,545	21,700	63,845	20	10	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	0	10	35	0	25	140,500	46,385	94,115	25	0	25
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	10	10	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	10	10	0
6 Sales and service occupations	95	70	25	65	30	30	263,055	135,300	127,750	60	45	10
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15	15	0	15	15	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	40	40	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20	10	10	10	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	10	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	210	135	80	200	95	100	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	260	155	105
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	10
All industries¹⁹¹	195	125	70	185	95	100	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	245	150	100
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	10	10	0	10	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	25	15	10	20	10	10	86,535	58,295	28,235	35	30	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	10	10	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	55	35	15	15	0	15	111,555	56,180	55,375	30	20	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	20	15	10
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	10	10	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	10	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	15	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	10	10	15	0	10	130,405	75,750	54,655	30	20	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	15	0	30	20	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	0	0	0
61 Educational services	10	0	0	40	0	35	95,290	34,510	60,780	15	0	15
62 Health care and social assistance	10	0	10	10	0	0	142,545	36,095	106,450	40	10	35
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	25	20	0	15	15	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	10	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	0	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	15	15	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	225	135	95	210	100	105	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	285	170	115
English	70	55	15	30	10	20	201,310	110,165	91,150	20	20	0
French	35	10	25	90	50	45	416,430	206,170	210,265	185	105	85
Non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	85	45	40	65	25	40	473,485	249,700	223,785	80	50	25
English and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	225	135	95	210	100	105	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	285	170	115
Single responses	215	115	95	185	95	90	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	260	145	110
Official languages	185	100	85	170	80	90	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	260	145	110
English	95	75	20	50	25	30	361,715	194,885	166,835	30	20	10
French	90	25	70	120	60	65	645,885	327,180	318,705	230	130	105
Non-official languages	25	15	10	10	10	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	10	10	10	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	15	0	25	0	15	126,180	65,940	60,240	25	20	0
English and French	10	10	0	20	0	15	116,535	60,925	55,605	25	20	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	225	135	95	210	100	105	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	285	170	115
None	140	90	50	145	70	80	743,180	381,875	361,305	230	135	90
English	60	25	35	30	15	15	219,885	116,455	103,430	45	25	25
French	25	15	0	25	15	10	149,470	78,495	70,975	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	10	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	170	105	60	170	75	95	971,245	502,885	468,360	220	130	90
Worked at home	40	25	15	55	20	30	298,820	151,335	147,485	65	30	35
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	25	20	0	25	10	10	89,120	62,795	26,325	35	25	10
Usual place of work	105	60	40	100	50	45	580,035	286,695	293,340	130	75	45
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	105	65	40	100	50	50	580,035	286,695	293,340	125	80	45
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	80	45	35	65	30	40	427,475	202,010	225,465	115	70	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	10	0	25	15	10	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	10	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	125	85	45	120	60	60	669,150	349,485	319,665	165	105	60
Car, truck or van	95	65	30	50	30	15	395,615	229,315	166,300	70	45	25
Car, truck or van - as a driver	70	55	15	40	25	15	365,770	218,475	147,295	60	40	20
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25	10	15	10	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	10	0	0
Public transit	30	20	15	60	25	35	177,860	74,605	103,260	70	50	25
Walked	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	15	0	10
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	125	85	45	120	60	60	669,150	349,485	319,665	165	105	60
Less than 15 minutes	35	20	10	15	10	0	125,240	61,185	64,055	20	0	15
15 to 29 minutes	50	15	30	35	20	15	241,005	129,590	111,420	35	25	15
30 to 44 minutes	20	15	0	20	10	10	176,925	96,710	80,215	45	35	10
45 to 59 minutes	15	15	0	20	10	10	67,635	33,110	34,530	35	15	15
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	35	0	25	58,350	28,905	29,445	25	20	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	125	85	45	120	60	60	669,150	349,485	319,665	165	105	60
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	10	0	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	10	0	15	10	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	20	20	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20	15	0	50	25	25	166,695	79,410	87,280	35	15	25
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25	15	0	25	0	20	149,185	68,865	80,320	25	20	0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35	15	20	10	10	0	106,855	50,615	56,240	10	0	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	20	15	15	15	0	112,350	65,830	46,520	55	40	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	105	50	55	65	35	30	371,310	189,920	181,390	180	80	100
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	15	20	15	10	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	15	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	30	40	50	25	25	262,245	133,605	128,640	165	70	90
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	75	35	35	30	15	20	264,905	135,505	129,395	135	55	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	10	15	5	0	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	15	10	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25	5	15	5	0	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	10	5	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	20	25	25	10	15	182,020	92,755	89,270	115	45	70

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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