Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661505More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662135More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	420	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	469	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	247	...	...	976,966	...	...	254	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	229	...	...	910,359	...	...	230	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17,427.4	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	8,030.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.02	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.06	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	420	210	205	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	465	270	200
0 to 14 years	55	25	30	309,765	158,545	151,225	30	20	10
0 to 4 years	20	10	10	99,195	50,760	48,435	20	15	10
5 to 9 years	15	5	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	5	5	5
10 to 14 years	15	5	5	103,590	53,120	50,470	5	5	0
15 to 64 years	335	170	160	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	410	235	175
15 to 19 years	5	5	0	97,525	49,340	48,180	10	5	0
20 to 24 years	30	15	15	140,025	70,895	69,125	45	30	15
25 to 29 years	65	30	35	165,525	83,630	81,895	120	65	55
30 to 34 years	80	40	45	157,725	78,995	78,730	90	55	35
35 to 39 years	40	25	20	149,265	74,115	75,155	40	25	20
40 to 44 years	35	20	20	142,365	70,920	71,445	45	30	15
45 to 49 years	25	15	15	125,505	62,690	62,815	10	5	5
50 to 54 years	10	5	5	121,710	61,735	59,975	20	10	10
55 to 59 years	10	5	0	125,465	63,810	61,655	20	10	10
60 to 64 years	20	10	10	118,065	57,920	60,140	15	5	5
65 years and over	35	15	20	351,325	151,210	200,120	30	20	10
65 to 69 years	15	10	5	99,325	46,730	52,595	10	5	5
70 to 74 years	15	5	10	86,030	39,185	46,845	15	5	5
75 to 79 years	0	0	0	63,215	27,320	35,895	0	0	0
80 to 84 years	5	5	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	5	0
85 years and over	0	0	0	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.1	11.9	14.6	15.5	16.1	14.8	6.5	7.4	5.0
15 to 64 years	79.8	81.0	78.0	67.0	68.5	65.6	88.2	87.0	87.5
65 years and over	8.3	7.1	9.8	17.5	15.4	19.6	6.5	7.4	5.0
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.8	1.9	3.6	1.1	0.0	2.5
Average age of the population	35.8	36.2	35.4	41.0	39.8	42.1	35.2	34.6	36.2
Median age of the population	33.2	34.0	31.8	39.6	38.4	40.4	31.8	31.4	32.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	230	...	...	910,360	...	...	230	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	190	...	...	479,885	...	...	215	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	230	...	...	910,355	...	...	230	...	...
1 person	115	...	...	367,400	...	...	65	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	271,730	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	118,205	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	98,205	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	54,820	...	...	0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	420	215	205	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	470	270	200
Average household size	1.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	365	185	180	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	440	250	185
Married or living common-law	170	85	80	822,440	414,330	408,115	210	115	95
Married	60	30	30	577,060	289,455	287,600	85	45	40
Living common-law	105	55	50	245,385	124,870	120,510	125	70	55
Living common law - Never married	105	50	50	207,040	104,785	102,250	115	65	55
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	10	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	200	100	100	872,060	410,935	461,125	225	135	95
Not married and not living common law - Never married	170	85	85	627,845	333,150	294,700	205	125	80
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15	10	10	126,605	46,380	80,225	10	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5	0	0	82,815	16,590	66,225	5	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	90	...	...	495,445	...	...	110	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	251,075	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	107,265	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	93,300	...	...	5	...	...
5 or more persons	0	...	...	43,810	...	...	0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	95	...	...	495,445	...	...	115	...	...
Total couple families	85	...	...	395,645	...	...	105	...	...
Married couples	30	...	...	273,070	...	...	40	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	162,745	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	110,325	...	...	25	...	...
Common-law couples	50	...	...	122,570	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	77,700	...	...	55	...	...
Total one-parent families	10	...	...	99,805	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10	...	...	80,530	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	19,275	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	420	215	210	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	470	270	200
Total - Persons in census families	250	125	125	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	265	145	115
Married spouses or common-law partners	165	85	80	791,280	398,495	392,785	205	115	95
Parents in one-parent families	10	5	10	99,805	19,275	80,525	5	5	5
Children⁶	75	40	35	541,905	284,935	256,965	45	30	15
In a two-parent family	60	35	30	392,250	205,155	187,095	40	25	15
In a one-parent family	10	10	5	149,655	79,785	69,865	10	10	5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	170	85	85	526,370	262,915	263,450	210	125	85
Living alone	115	60	55	367,395	175,660	191,740	70	40	25
Living with other relatives⁷	5	0	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	10	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	50	25	25	109,690	65,235	44,455	130	75	55
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	230	...	...	910,360	...	...	230	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	90	...	...	455,970	...	...	105	...	...
Couple-family households	80	...	...	370,250	...	...	100	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	194,165	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	176,085	...	...	70	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	85,720	...	...	5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	25	...	...	55,210	...	...	50	...	...
One-person households	115	...	...	367,395	...	...	65	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	365	190	180	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	440	250	190
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	185	175	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	425	240	180
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	42,400	38,000	37,600	39,600	36,000	45,600	46,000	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	360	185	175	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	425	240	180
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	36,800	34,800	34,000	35,200	32,800	40,000	40,000	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	325	170	155	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	410	235	175
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	36,400	33,200	31,000	35,200	27,000	39,600	38,400	42,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	300	155	140	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	370	215	160
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,400	32,000	32,800	36,000	29,600	40,400	41,200	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	290	135	155	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	315	175	140
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,280	7,600	10,800	9,600	12,000	7,250	6,950	7,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	25	20	171,705	84,570	87,145	55	35	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	4,960	6,120	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,960	6,040	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120	60	55	529,640	276,110	253,530	155	90	60
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,200	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	375	185	185	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	440	230	210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	185	185	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	435	230	205
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	64,000	41,600	53,250	60,050	46,760	53,000	58,400	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	185	185	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	435	230	205
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	50,000	36,000	42,520	46,280	38,960	43,600	47,200	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	180	155	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	420	220	195
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	60,000	39,000	48,960	57,350	40,640	47,800	53,600	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	310	170	135	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	380	200	185
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,400	61,600	41,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	47,800	55,600	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	295	125	170	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	315	155	160
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	8,400	10,600	12,040	10,900	13,040	9,800	10,600	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40	15	20	171,360	84,435	86,925	75	50	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	5,000	9,500	6,840	6,065	7,590	5,800	6,400	4,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105	65	45	528,305	276,300	252,005	155	75	80
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	9,200	10,800	9,110	9,140	9,070	10,200	10,400	9,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	380	185	190	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	440	230	210
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	145	90	50	514,340	278,505	235,830	165	95	70
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	79,500	100,000	66,000	60,000	63,600	56,000	61,200	64,500	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,000	94,000	66,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	76,500	82,000	70,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	155	75	75	504,455	247,565	256,895	175	90	85
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	20,400	19,400	16,400	17,400	15,500	16,800	16,600	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	23,000	29,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	28,000	30,000	26,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0	92.0	76.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	86.0	88.0	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	82.0	88.0	74.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	79.0	82.0	76.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.4	8.8	23.2	18.9	14.4	24.4	13.6	12.4	15.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.6	2.4	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.0	2.4	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	5.4	6.8	6.4	5.9	7.0	7.4	6.2	8.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.8	6.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	7.0	6.0	8.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	365	185	180	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	440	250	185
Without total income	10	0	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	15	10	5
With total income	355	185	170	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	425	245	180
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	15	5	138,250	65,670	72,580	25	10	15
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	25	200,450	93,060	107,390	40	30	10
$20,000 to $29,999	60	25	30	286,825	131,235	155,595	75	40	35
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	25	215,455	102,705	112,755	50	25	25
$40,000 to $49,999	40	15	25	181,505	86,460	95,040	45	25	20
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	20	138,185	64,805	73,380	40	25	20
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	100,060	48,510	51,550	30	25	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	74,165	37,625	36,540	20	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	20	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	20	15	5
$100,000 and over	40	30	10	149,555	92,680	56,875	45	30	15
$100,000 to $149,999	30	15	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	35	25	10
$150,000 and over	15	10	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	15	10	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	365	185	180	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	440	250	185
Without after-tax income	10	0	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	15	10	5
With after-tax income	355	185	170	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	425	245	180
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	15	10	144,275	67,955	76,320	25	10	15
$10,000 to $19,999	40	15	25	210,975	98,495	112,480	45	30	15
$20,000 to $29,999	70	30	40	334,395	155,845	178,545	85	50	35
$30,000 to $39,999	65	35	25	257,145	124,835	132,315	60	30	30
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	30	204,980	97,805	107,175	65	35	30
$50,000 to $59,999	35	15	20	139,760	67,315	72,450	45	30	20
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	93,705	46,700	47,005	30	10	20
$70,000 to $79,999	15	15	0	61,765	31,815	29,945	25	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	20	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	15	15	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	15	10	10
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	15	5	5
$125,000 and over	10	5	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	5	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	365	185	180	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	440	250	185
Without employment income	65	30	35	495,060	212,405	282,660	70	35	30
With employment income	300	160	145	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	370	210	160
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20	10	10	167,560	82,405	85,155	40	20	20
$5,000 to $9,999	35	15	15	111,575	52,975	58,595	30	20	10
$10,000 to $19,999	45	25	20	151,350	72,815	78,530	55	35	20
$20,000 to $29,999	35	20	15	116,030	56,295	59,730	30	15	15
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	10	108,120	55,225	52,890	30	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	20	10	15	104,250	51,950	52,300	30	10	20
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	30	20	10
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	66,190	35,045	31,145	30	20	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	10	52,585	28,500	24,080	15	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	46,000	24,150	21,850	25	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	31,345	18,120	13,230	20	15	5
$100,000 and over	35	25	10	115,575	74,545	41,030	40	30	15
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	47,525	28,870	18,655	20	15	10
$125,000 and over	15	15	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	20	15	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	365	190	180	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	440	250	190
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	180	170	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	410	235	175
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,000	32,800	34,000	36,400	31,800	40,400	39,600	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	180	170	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	410	235	175
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,600	31,000	32,800	29,400	36,400	36,000	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	315	165	150	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	395	220	170
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	37,600	33,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	39,600	40,000	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	290	150	135	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	365	210	155
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,200	36,000	33,600	36,800	30,400	39,600	36,800	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	120	150	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	280	155	125
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,800	1,780	1,820	4,440	2,760	7,300	1,430	1,420	1,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	15	10	114,940	56,080	58,855	25	15	10
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,400	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	375	185	185	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	440	230	210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	185	180	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	430	225	200
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	63,200	36,400	50,000	57,050	43,280	49,000	54,400	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	185	180	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	430	225	200
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,600	49,200	32,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	40,200	43,600	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	320	175	150	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	410	215	190
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,000	64,000	36,000	49,080	57,750	40,560	48,600	54,800	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	295	165	135	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	385	205	180
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	66,500	37,000	48,720	55,750	41,240	46,400	53,200	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	290	120	170	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	290	150	140
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	3,700	7,350	8,250	6,740	9,510	4,080	3,500	4,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	30	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	9,500	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	380	185	190	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	440	230	210
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	145	90	50	507,645	274,575	233,070	175	95	75
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,000	98,000	54,400	54,400	58,400	50,400	62,800	64,000	59,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,000	96,000	52,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	67,000	72,000	60,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	135	70	70	462,020	227,495	234,530	175	90	85
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	25,000	28,400	21,800	23,200	20,400	21,400	26,200	19,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	29,000	30,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	31,200	39,000	22,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.0	96.0	80.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	94.0	96.0	92.0
Employment income (%)	86.0	92.0	76.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	86.0	90.0	82.0
Government transfers (%)	9.4	3.8	19.2	12.8	8.6	18.2	5.7	4.2	7.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.2	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	230	...	...	910,355	...	...	230	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	66,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	58,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	115	...	...	367,395	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	38,000	...	...	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,000	...	...	50,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	115	...	...	542,960	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	92,700	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	140	...	...	367,255	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	115	...	...	543,100	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	230	...	...	910,355	...	...	230	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	18,165	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	25,730	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	57,720	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	40,595	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	41,545	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	75,485	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	67,695	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	60,495	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	54,055	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	45,830	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	270,265	...	...	100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	85,635	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	56,205	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	62,095	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	20	...	...	66,335	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	230	...	...	910,355	...	...	230	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	19,710	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	27,485	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	63,030	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	49,660	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	48,815	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	51,055	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	85,490	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	75,625	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	65,530	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	54,850	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	0	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	45	...	...	197,490	...	...	55	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	78,870	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	45,905	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	20	...	...	72,715	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	95	...	...	501,830	...	...	120	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	179,195	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	208,260	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	153,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	95,875	...	...	10	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	165	85	80	477,085	240,895	236,195	195	120	75
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,800	32,000	34,400	34,800	34,000	36,400	31,800	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	33,600	30,000	31,200	31,200	31,200	33,600	30,400	39,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	95	...	...	501,905	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	179,455	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	208,375	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	120,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	95,455	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	67,100	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	180	90	95	476,520	240,280	236,245	155	75	75
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	48,000	33,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	45,000	48,000	42,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	38,500	29,200	37,600	37,920	37,280	38,000	39,000	36,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	420	210	205	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	465	265	200
0 to 17 years	60	30	30	365,020	186,710	178,315	30	20	15
0 to 5 years	25	15	10	120,615	61,615	58,995	25	15	5
18 to 64 years	325	165	160	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	405	235	170
65 years and over	35	15	20	317,425	140,270	177,155	30	20	10
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	65	30	35	321,885	154,370	167,510	50	30	25
0 to 17 years	5	0	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	0	0	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	60	30	30	197,020	99,310	97,710	40	20	20
65 years and over	10	5	5	70,600	27,185	43,415	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.5	16.0	17.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	11.2	10.0	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	17.5	17.0	18.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	10.4	10.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	20.0	x	20.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	25.0	25.0	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	420	215	210	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	470	270	200
0 to 17 years	55	30	30	365,025	186,705	178,315	35	20	10
0 to 5 years	30	15	10	120,610	61,615	58,995	20	15	10
18 to 64 years	330	170	160	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	405	230	175
65 years and over	35	15	20	317,425	140,265	177,155	30	15	15
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	45	25	25	213,720	108,905	104,815	60	40	20
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	40	20	20	153,385	81,765	71,620	55	40	20
65 years and over	0	0	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.8	10.0	12.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	12.4	14.8	9.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	12.0	13.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	13.6	17.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	420	215	205	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	465	270	200
In bottom half of the distribution	255	125	135	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	250	150	105
In bottom decile	70	30	40	298,540	147,890	150,655	75	50	25
In second decile	55	25	30	244,435	115,985	128,450	55	30	20
In third decile	55	25	25	240,895	116,550	124,345	35	20	10
In fourth decile	40	15	20	218,125	105,885	112,240	40	15	20
In fifth decile	35	20	15	194,765	95,185	99,580	50	30	25
In top half of the distribution	165	90	75	762,590	384,140	378,450	220	120	100
In sixth decile	25	15	15	172,200	85,100	87,095	30	20	15
In seventh decile	25	20	10	156,540	78,290	78,250	60	30	30
In eighth decile	55	30	30	144,120	72,600	71,525	50	30	20
In ninth decile	25	15	10	134,265	68,285	65,980	40	20	15
In top decile	35	15	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	40	25	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	420	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.366	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.460	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.398	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.319	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	420	215	210	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	470	270	200
English only	10	5	5	262,290	133,690	128,600	55	40	20
French only	120	60	60	486,845	221,005	265,840	35	30	10
English and French	285	150	140	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	370	200	170
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	5	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	420	215	210	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	470	270	200
English	35	20	15	605,220	303,380	301,835	220	125	95
French	360	180	180	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	225	135	90
English and French	25	15	10	173,785	88,480	85,300	25	15	10
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	5	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	420	215	210	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	470	270	200
Single responses	405	200	205	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	435	250	185
Official languages	315	155	160	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	360	210	150
English	10	10	5	322,315	162,085	160,230	160	90	70
French	305	150	150	870,975	428,435	442,540	200	120	75
Non-official languages	85	45	45	643,275	311,525	331,750	70	40	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	45	45	642,820	311,370	331,445	70	40	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	129,195	68,395	60,805	15	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	10	112,200	59,320	52,880	15	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	15	5	10	107,605	56,960	50,645	10	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	25	25	329,415	158,980	170,435	35	15	20
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	10	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	10	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	5	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	20	183,755	87,295	96,460	25	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	5	0	0
Spanish	25	10	10	85,395	41,150	44,250	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	57,075	26,030	31,035	15	5	5
Chinese languages	5	0	5	56,890	25,955	30,935	15	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	5	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	5	143,450	71,980	71,470	35	20	15
English and French	5	5	0	42,695	21,750	20,940	25	20	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	47,185	23,615	23,570	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	420	215	210	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	470	270	200
English	15	10	10	340,470	170,050	170,425	170	95	75
French	265	125	135	779,125	383,000	396,125	135	80	55
Non-official language	20	10	15	204,395	96,705	107,690	15	10	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	15	204,315	96,670	107,645	15	10	5
English and French	40	25	15	173,135	89,205	83,935	90	50	35
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	135,390	66,995	68,400	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	180,900	85,935	94,965	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	25	5	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	420	215	210	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	470	270	200
Single responses	380	190	190	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	435	255	185
Official languages	340	165	170	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	410	235	170
English	30	15	15	479,850	239,270	240,580	230	130	105
French	310	155	155	956,130	471,155	484,975	180	105	70
Non-official languages	35	15	20	370,290	177,955	192,335	30	20	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	20	370,125	177,895	192,235	30	20	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	188,550	90,370	98,185	10	5	5
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10	95,835	44,515	51,315	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	5	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	5	54,335	26,035	28,300	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	15	5	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	15	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	5	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	25	15	173,745	85,640	88,110	30	20	15
English and French	15	10	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	420	215	210	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	470	270	200
None	325	160	165	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	350	200	145
English	25	15	10	131,630	67,290	64,340	35	25	15
French	20	10	10	126,780	62,180	64,600	50	30	20
Non-official language	30	15	15	144,335	69,210	75,130	20	10	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15	144,155	69,135	75,015	20	10	5
English and French	5	0	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	33,620	16,170	17,450	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	440	215	230	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	460	245	215
Official languages	435	215	220	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	455	245	210
English	270	140	130	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	405	200	205
French	420	210	210	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	415	220	195
Non-official languages	175	85	90	971,455	471,755	499,700	155	75	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	85	90	970,710	471,495	499,220	155	75	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	217,295	113,605	103,690	15	0	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	205,120	107,210	97,905	15	0	10
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	15	0	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	55	70	514,485	250,190	264,295	105	55	55
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	15	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	15	0	10
German	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	15	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	55	60	324,695	154,360	170,340	95	45	50
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	0	107,285	51,300	55,985	20	10	10
Portuguese	15	0	10	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	95	50	45	193,835	91,345	102,490	85	40	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	20	10	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	15	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	440	210	225	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	460	245	220
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	440	210	225	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	460	245	220
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	440	210	225	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	460	245	220
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	440	210	225	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	460	245	220
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
Owner	45	...	...	360,125	...	...	60	...	...
Renter	205	...	...	550,240	...	...	165	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
Condominium	40	...	...	192,985	...	...	50	...	...
Not condominium	210	...	...	717,375	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	80	...	...	267,715	...	...	40	...	...
2 bedrooms	110	...	...	303,875	...	...	110	...	...
3 bedrooms	20	...	...	220,945	...	...	60	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	98,090	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	190	...	...	501,570	...	...	115	...	...
5 rooms	35	...	...	166,230	...	...	80	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	78,495	...	...	25	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.8	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
One person or fewer per room	250	...	...	881,730	...	...	220	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
Suitable	245	...	...	834,885	...	...	220	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	75,475	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
1960 or before	60	...	...	325,005	...	...	180	...	...
1961 to 1980	95	...	...	282,605	...	...	30	...	...
1981 to 1990	40	...	...	101,185	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	25	...	...	63,765	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	15	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	10	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	220	...	...	833,540	...	...	170	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	76,815	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
One-maintainer household	145	...	...	543,605	...	...	75	...	...
Two-maintainer household	95	...	...	333,140	...	...	115	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	33,620	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	250	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	110	...	...	162,375	...	...	115	...	...
35 to 44 years	50	...	...	171,535	...	...	35	...	...
45 to 54 years	35	...	...	155,520	...	...	20	...	...
55 to 64 years	20	...	...	156,865	...	...	30	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	122,825	...	...	15	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	70,345	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	250	...	...	902,485	...	...	225	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	210	...	...	686,075	...	...	185	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	45	...	...	216,410	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	35	...	...	189,795	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	255	...	...	910,360	...	...	220	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	330,635	...	...	70	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	40	...	...	186,350	...	...	15	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	25	...	...	50,745	...	...	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	20	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	175	...	...	579,720	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	245	...	...	875,865	...	...	225	...	...
In core need	30	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	215	...	...	787,925	...	...	225	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	45	...	...	360,120	...	...	60	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.7	...	...	60.0	...	...	66.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,140	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,100	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,520	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	720,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	620,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	205	...	...	550,235	...	...	160	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.5	...	...	28.4	...	...	28.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	890	...	...	1,410	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	987	...	...	1,340	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	440	215	225	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	460	245	215
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	10	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	10	0	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	435	210	225	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	440	235	205
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	440	215	225	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	460	245	215
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	330	170	155	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	405	210	200
Canadian citizens aged under 18	55	30	35	322,965	164,980	157,985	25	15	10
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	270	140	125	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	385	195	185
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	110	40	65	313,410	160,530	152,885	55	35	20
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	440	215	225	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	460	245	215
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	255	140	110	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	355	185	170
Immigrants⁸¹	135	55	85	652,730	313,955	338,770	60	25	35
Before 1980	0	0	0	108,265	50,530	57,735	15	0	10
1980 to 1990	15	10	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	25	10	15	106,810	50,520	56,290	20	0	15
2001 to 2010	35	10	20	154,780	74,520	80,255	10	0	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	55	20	35	213,175	104,225	108,950	15	0	10
2011 to 2015	10	10	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	40	15	30	114,110	56,220	57,885	10	0	10
Non-permanent residents⁸³	50	15	35	138,240	75,380	62,860	45	35	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	140	55	85	652,725	313,955	338,770	60	25	35
Under 5 years	0	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	0	10
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	103,285	51,965	51,320	10	10	0
15 to 24 years	15	0	10	118,475	53,035	65,440	10	0	0
25 to 44 years	100	45	60	326,320	158,620	167,700	35	10	20
45 years and over	15	0	10	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	140	55	85	652,725	313,955	338,770	60	25	35
Americas	45	20	25	137,955	63,465	74,485	20	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	33,410	15,245	18,160	10	0	0
Europe	70	25	40	158,795	76,610	82,190	20	10	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	45	15	25	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	10	0	0
Asia	15	0	10	202,715	95,775	106,935	15	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	15	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	10	30	114,110	56,220	57,885	10	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	40	10	25	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	25	10	15	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	440	210	230	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	460	245	215
First generation¹⁰⁰	195	75	115	813,905	400,325	413,580	110	60	50
Second generation¹⁰¹	40	20	20	424,225	212,755	211,475	90	55	35
Third generation or more¹⁰²	205	120	85	721,230	352,590	368,630	260	125	135
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	130	50	75	544,455	263,425	281,040	50	25	25
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	85	45	40	303,105	155,090	148,020	30	0	25
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	65	35	30	151,015	87,200	63,815	10	0	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	20	0	15	152,090	67,890	84,205	15	0	15
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	20	0	15	146,645	59,645	87,000	10	10	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	10	10	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	130	50	75	544,455	263,425	281,040	50	25	25
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	10	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	0	15	56,685	26,490	30,195	20	10	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	10	15	27,800	15,470	12,330	10	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	70	35	40	387,815	184,015	203,795	10	0	10
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	440	210	225	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	460	245	220
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	115	55	55	737,510	363,785	373,725	95	50	50
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	15	10	10
Black	0	0	0	208,805	101,125	107,680	25	15	10
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	15	10	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	10	0	10
Latin American	50	25	25	82,550	40,580	41,970	20	10	15
Southeast Asian	20	0	15	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	330	155	165	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	365	200	170
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	440	215	225	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	460	245	215
Canadian	35	25	15	241,015	115,880	125,135	60	25	35
English	10	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	40	30	10
Irish	15	0	10	102,325	48,885	53,440	50	20	30
Scottish	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	75	45	25
French, n.o.s.¹²²	185	95	85	336,880	169,710	167,170	100	50	50
German	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	30	10	20
Chinese	10	10	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	25	20	0	156,025	76,485	79,535	30	15	15
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	10	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	25	20	0
Québécois	45	25	20	108,910	54,650	54,260	10	0	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	25	0	15
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	15	10	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	35	20	15
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	20	10	15
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	15	0	15
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	10	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	10	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	10	10	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	10	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	25	15	10
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	10	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	15	10	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	25	0	15	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	10	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	10	0	10	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	20	15	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	440	215	225	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	460	245	220
Buddhist	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	140	70	65	969,945	451,410	518,540	145	65	85
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	15	15	116,635	55,545	61,090	30	15	15
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	30	15	15
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	95	55	50	675,695	314,690	361,010	80	35	45
Christian Orthodox	10	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	20	10	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	20	15	0
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	275	130	140	590,140	310,985	279,165	290	160	130
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	435	215	225	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	450	240	215
Non-movers	355	190	165	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	305	160	145
Movers	75	20	60	255,365	129,500	125,865	145	75	70
Non-migrants	65	20	50	186,805	94,745	92,055	90	45	40
Migrants	10	0	10	68,560	34,750	33,810	55	25	30
Internal migrants	10	0	10	37,680	18,795	18,885	50	25	25
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	10	27,865	13,660	14,205	25	10	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	25	15	10
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	415	205	210	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	435	230	210
Non-movers	220	125	100	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	160	95	65
Movers	195	85	105	821,475	413,250	408,230	280	140	140
Non-migrants	125	65	65	433,700	216,030	217,670	115	70	45
Migrants	65	20	45	387,770	197,215	190,560	160	70	95
Internal migrants	25	10	20	190,035	93,955	96,075	120	40	80
Intraprovincial migrants	25	10	15	159,710	78,770	80,940	95	40	65
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	25	10	20
External migrants	40	15	25	197,735	103,260	94,485	40	25	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	380	185	190	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	440	230	210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40	10	30	274,820	136,500	138,320	15	15	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	340	180	160	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	425	220	205
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	315	170	145	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	365	200	165
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10	0	10	121,295	65,950	55,345	15	10	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	305	170	140	975,700	481,690	494,005	350	185	165
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	375	190	185	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	440	230	210
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	10	30	247,460	120,840	126,625	15	10	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	40	25	15	319,755	162,520	157,240	50	15	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	300	155	145	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	370	205	170
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	55	40	473,060	232,855	240,210	125	75	45
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	10	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	15	0	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	15	0	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	40	30	260,845	122,345	138,495	100	60	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	205	100	105	609,855	291,355	318,505	250	130	125
Bachelor's degree	110	50	55	344,605	160,320	184,285	140	60	80
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	10	58,945	27,280	31,665	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	70	30	40	159,510	78,325	81,190	95	55	40
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	315	170	145	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	370	200	170
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	20	15	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30	25	0	162,205	88,420	73,785	20	0	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	285	145	135	831,975	403,420	428,555	330	180	155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	60	35	333,160	167,260	165,895	90	55	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	10	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	10	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	10	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	40	30	174,185	84,745	89,445	75	45	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	190	90	100	498,815	236,155	262,665	235	120	115
Bachelor's degree	95	45	50	276,640	128,890	147,745	130	60	70
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	10	48,390	21,995	26,395	15	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	65	30	35	137,150	66,720	70,430	90	50	45
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	15	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	375	190	190	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	435	235	205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	80	35	45	567,220	283,355	283,860	70	30	40
Education	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
13. Education	15	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40	25	15	69,210	32,705	36,505	40	15	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	40	25	15	61,135	27,085	34,045	40	15	30
Humanities	15	0	15	78,920	30,815	48,110	15	0	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	0	15	28,165	11,870	16,295	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	55	10	40	157,220	58,185	99,040	55	30	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	20	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	15	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	0	20	59,300	29,185	30,110	15	15	0
Business, management and public administration	80	50	30	248,895	110,950	137,945	85	40	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	15	10	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	75	45	30	237,125	108,040	129,090	70	30	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	15	15	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	20	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	20	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	20	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	25	15	173,380	143,615	29,765	65	55	15
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	15	13,085	7,045	6,040	10	0	10
14. Engineering	10	0	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	40	30	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	15	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	15	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	15	0	15	122,295	30,795	91,495	45	20	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	109,185	24,140	85,045	45	20	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	315	170	145	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	365	200	170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35	20	15	265,025	144,230	120,800	40	20	20
Education	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	0
13. Education	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40	25	15	54,840	26,500	28,340	35	10	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	40	25	15	48,205	21,870	26,335	35	10	20
Humanities	10	0	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	15	0	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	10	16,385	7,290	9,100	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	10	35	121,985	44,105	77,880	50	30	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	15	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	10	20	44,580	21,945	22,635	15	15	0
Business, management and public administration	80	50	30	199,525	87,920	111,600	80	40	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	75	45	30	190,410	85,600	104,810	65	35	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	15	15	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	20	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	15	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	20	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	25	10	137,395	112,025	25,370	55	40	10
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	10,855	5,700	5,155	10	0	10
14. Engineering	10	0	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	35	25	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	15	10	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	15	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	15	92,595	23,265	69,330	45	20	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	82,410	18,370	64,045	45	20	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	315	170	145	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	365	200	170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35	20	15	265,025	144,230	120,800	40	20	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	280	145	130	831,975	403,415	428,560	330	180	150
Location of study inside Canada	195	100	95	598,455	286,340	312,115	285	155	130
Same as province or territory of residence	195	100	95	566,540	270,160	296,380	245	130	115
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	40	25	20
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	85	45	40	233,520	117,075	116,445	45	25	20
Americas	20	0	15	41,560	21,015	20,550	10	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	10	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	60	35	25	74,705	39,515	35,190	35	15	20
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	35	20	20	43,480	23,805	19,675	15	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	375	190	185	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	440	230	210
In the labour force	285	160	120	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	365	195	175
Employed	255	145	110	971,245	502,885	468,360	305	160	150
Unemployed	25	15	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	55	30	25
Not in the labour force	95	25	65	568,495	246,215	322,280	75	40	35
Participation rate	76.0	84.2	64.9	65.5	69.5	61.8	83.0	84.8	83.3
Employment rate	68.0	76.3	59.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	69.3	69.6	71.4
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.4	8.3	10.2	10.4	10.0	15.1	15.4	14.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	375	190	190	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	435	235	205
Did not work¹⁸⁶	80	20	60	582,470	253,075	329,400	80	40	40
Worked	300	170	130	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	360	190	165
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	140	90	50	529,400	287,950	241,450	170	100	75
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	155	75	80	538,265	266,540	271,725	190	90	90
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	41.6	41.2	39.7	40.2	39.3	39.6	39.2	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	280	160	125	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	365	190	170
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	280	160	120	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	350	185	170
Employee	255	145	105	907,745	457,830	449,915	305	155	150
Permanent position	220	125	95	741,830	380,445	361,385	235	115	120
Temporary position	40	25	10	165,915	77,385	88,530	70	45	30
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	10	69,690	31,285	38,405	50	30	20
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	25	25	0	96,225	46,100	50,120	25	15	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	25	10	10	142,380	88,145	54,230	50	30	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	280	160	125	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	365	190	170
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	280	160	120	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	350	185	170
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	10	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	45	15	30	207,660	79,975	127,685	55	15	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	40	35	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	75	45	25
3 Health occupations	20	0	20	85,545	21,700	63,845	45	25	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	15	25	140,500	46,385	94,115	45	20	25
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	10	15	61,790	31,615	30,175	35	20	20
6 Sales and service occupations	70	50	20	263,055	135,300	127,750	65	25	45
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	20	15	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	30	30	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	280	160	125	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	365	190	170
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	280	160	120	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	350	185	170
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	10	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	20	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	20	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	40	20	15	111,555	56,180	55,375	15	0	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	10	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	15	10	10
51 Information and cultural industries	15	10	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	25	10	15
52 Finance and insurance	25	15	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	20	0	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	40	30	10	130,405	75,750	54,655	90	45	45
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25	20	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	10	10	0
61 Educational services	55	20	35	95,290	34,510	60,780	25	10	20
62 Health care and social assistance	20	0	20	142,545	36,095	106,450	45	25	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15	10	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	25	20	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	10	0	10
91 Public administration	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	310	165	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	385	200	185
English	10	10	0	201,310	110,165	91,150	75	20	50
French	150	85	65	416,430	206,170	210,265	80	30	45
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	140	65	75	473,485	249,700	223,785	225	135	85
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	310	165	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	385	200	185
Single responses	280	150	130	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	325	160	170
Official languages	280	150	130	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	325	160	170
English	35	20	20	361,715	194,885	166,835	165	85	85
French	250	135	115	645,885	327,180	318,705	160	75	85
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	20	10	126,180	65,940	60,240	60	40	15
English and French	30	20	10	116,535	60,925	55,605	55	40	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	310	165	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	385	200	185
None	185	115	75	743,180	381,875	361,305	215	105	115
English	95	45	50	219,885	116,455	103,430	80	40	35
French	20	0	20	149,470	78,495	70,975	90	60	35
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	255	145	110	971,245	502,885	468,360	305	160	150
Worked at home	90	55	40	298,820	151,335	147,485	135	60	75
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	15	10	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	25	15	10
Usual place of work	140	75	65	580,035	286,695	293,340	150	85	65
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	140	75	65	580,035	286,695	293,340	150	85	65
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	125	70	55	427,475	202,010	225,465	100	55	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	25	15	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	0	10	58,865	35,690	23,175	10	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	160	90	70	669,150	349,485	319,665	175	105	70
Car, truck or van	30	10	20	395,615	229,315	166,300	75	55	20
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30	10	20	365,770	218,475	147,295	60	55	0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	15	0	15
Public transit	90	50	40	177,860	74,605	103,260	35	20	15
Walked	15	15	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	45	20	25
Bicycle	20	10	10	21,435	12,640	8,795	10	0	0
Other method	10	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	15	0	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	160	90	70	669,150	349,485	319,665	175	105	70
Less than 15 minutes	15	10	0	125,240	61,185	64,055	35	25	0
15 to 29 minutes	85	50	40	241,005	129,590	111,420	75	35	40
30 to 44 minutes	50	30	20	176,925	96,710	80,215	40	25	20
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	67,635	33,110	34,530	15	10	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	15	10	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	160	90	70	669,150	349,485	319,665	175	105	70
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	15	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	10	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	20	10	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25	15	15	166,695	79,410	87,280	55	40	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	30	25	149,185	68,865	80,320	35	20	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	30	15	20	106,855	50,615	56,240	35	15	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25	15	15	112,350	65,830	46,520	10	0	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	55	30	30	371,310	189,920	181,390	35	20	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	5	0	109,065	56,315	52,750	15	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	25	30	262,245	133,605	128,640	15	15	5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	35	15	20	264,905	135,505	129,395	10	5	5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	82,880	42,755	40,130	5	0	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	15	20	182,020	92,755	89,270	5	5	0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table