Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661482More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662986More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	748	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	374	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	454	...	...	976,966	...	...	129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	421	...	...	910,359	...	...	126	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13,169.0	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	1,315.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.06	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.28	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	750	390	355	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	370	180	190
0 to 14 years	80	40	45	309,765	158,545	151,225	65	30	40
0 to 4 years	35	20	10	99,195	50,760	48,435	20	10	10
5 to 9 years	30	5	20	106,985	54,660	52,320	15	5	10
10 to 14 years	25	10	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	30	10	20
15 to 64 years	575	310	265	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	210	100	105
15 to 19 years	30	15	20	97,525	49,340	48,180	20	15	10
20 to 24 years	65	30	35	140,025	70,895	69,125	25	15	10
25 to 29 years	110	55	55	165,525	83,630	81,895	10	5	5
30 to 34 years	100	55	45	157,725	78,995	78,730	20	10	10
35 to 39 years	75	40	35	149,265	74,115	75,155	15	10	5
40 to 44 years	60	30	25	142,365	70,920	71,445	15	5	10
45 to 49 years	40	20	20	125,505	62,690	62,815	25	15	10
50 to 54 years	45	30	15	121,710	61,735	59,975	30	10	15
55 to 59 years	35	15	15	125,465	63,810	61,655	30	15	15
60 to 64 years	25	15	10	118,065	57,920	60,140	25	15	15
65 years and over	90	40	45	351,325	151,210	200,120	95	55	45
65 to 69 years	25	15	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	25	15	15
70 to 74 years	20	10	10	86,030	39,185	46,845	20	10	10
75 to 79 years	20	10	10	63,215	27,320	35,895	20	10	10
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	25	10	10
85 years and over	15	10	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	15	10	0
85 to 89 years	10	5	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	5	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	5	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.7	10.3	12.7	15.5	16.1	14.8	17.6	16.7	21.1
15 to 64 years	76.7	79.5	74.6	67.0	68.5	65.6	56.8	55.6	55.3
65 years and over	12.0	10.3	12.7	17.5	15.4	19.6	25.7	30.6	23.7
85 years and over	2.0	2.6	1.4	2.8	1.9	3.6	4.1	5.6	0.0
Average age of the population	38.1	38.7	37.5	41.0	39.8	42.1	45.1	47.2	43.0
Median age of the population	34.4	35.2	32.8	39.6	38.4	40.4	48.8	50.8	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	425	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	125	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	55	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	345	...	...	479,885	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	420	...	...	910,355	...	...	125	...	...
1 person	230	...	...	367,400	...	...	15	...	...
2 persons	120	...	...	271,730	...	...	45	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	118,205	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	98,205	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	750	390	355	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	370	185	185
Average household size	1.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	3.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	665	355	310	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	305	155	150
Married or living common-law	285	145	140	822,440	414,330	408,115	210	105	100
Married	140	75	65	577,060	289,455	287,600	185	95	90
Living common-law	145	70	75	245,385	124,870	120,510	30	15	15
Living common law - Never married	135	65	70	207,040	104,785	102,250	15	10	10
Living common law - Separated	5	5	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	10	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	5	5	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	380	210	175	872,060	410,935	461,125	95	50	45
Not married and not living common law - Never married	290	155	140	627,845	333,150	294,700	70	35	30
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	15	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	25	25	126,605	46,380	80,225	10	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	15	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	5	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	160	...	...	495,445	...	...	115	...	...
2 persons	95	...	...	251,075	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	107,265	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	93,300	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	495,445	...	...	115	...	...
Total couple families	135	...	...	395,645	...	...	100	...	...
Married couples	65	...	...	273,070	...	...	85	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	162,745	...	...	45	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	110,325	...	...	40	...	...
Common-law couples	75	...	...	122,570	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	77,700	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	99,805	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	80,530	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	750	390	355	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	370	185	185
Total - Persons in census families	425	205	225	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	345	170	180
Married spouses or common-law partners	270	135	135	791,280	398,495	392,785	210	105	105
Parents in one-parent families	20	5	15	99,805	19,275	80,525	10	0	10
Children⁶	135	60	75	541,905	284,935	256,965	130	60	70
In a two-parent family	100	50	55	392,250	205,155	187,095	120	60	65
In a one-parent family	30	10	20	149,655	79,785	69,865	15	5	5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	325	190	130	526,370	262,915	263,450	25	15	10
Living alone	225	135	85	367,395	175,660	191,740	15	10	5
Living with other relatives⁷	15	5	10	49,280	22,020	27,255	5	5	0
Living with non-relatives only	80	45	30	109,690	65,235	44,455	0	0	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	420	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	150	...	...	455,970	...	...	100	...	...
Couple-family households	130	...	...	370,250	...	...	95	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	194,165	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	75	...	...	176,085	...	...	40	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	85,720	...	...	5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	40	...	...	55,210	...	...	0	...	...
One-person households	225	...	...	367,395	...	...	15	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	665	350	315	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	305	160	150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	645	345	300	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	295	150	140
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	36,000	32,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	54,400	70,500	48,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	645	345	300	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	295	150	140
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	32,000	31,200	34,000	35,200	32,800	45,200	56,000	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	600	325	280	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	270	140	130
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,800	28,000	23,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	50,800	64,500	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	525	290	230	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	195	100	95
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,000	27,800	30,000	32,800	36,000	29,600	48,000	59,600	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	560	290	270	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	225	110	115
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	7,700	8,900	10,800	9,600	12,000	12,900	14,500	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85	50	40	171,705	84,570	87,145	20	5	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,920	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,680	x	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	230	130	105	529,640	276,110	253,530	80	40	45
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	595	335	260	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	340	175	170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	585	330	250	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	320	165	155
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,800	50,800	39,200	53,250	60,050	46,760	124,400	85,000	168,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	585	330	250	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	320	165	155
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,000	42,600	34,400	42,520	46,280	38,960	78,400	65,500	92,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	555	310	240	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	290	155	135
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,200	45,200	29,200	48,960	57,350	40,640	127,000	82,000	180,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	490	290	200	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	225	115	115
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,200	32,800	48,760	55,650	41,480	134,000	75,000	192,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	490	265	230	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	235	120	115
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,160	10,100	12,400	12,040	10,900	13,040	12,700	11,600	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80	30	50	171,360	84,435	86,925	20	0	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,700	5,600	8,800	6,840	6,065	7,590	20,000	...	20,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	205	110	95	528,305	276,300	252,005	100	35	60
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,400	9,200	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,600	9,500	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	595	335	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	345	175	170
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	210	135	80	514,340	278,505	235,830	100	55	40
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	53,600	48,400	60,000	63,600	56,000	76,500	91,000	72,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,000	65,000	52,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	252,000	96,000	480,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	210	115	100	504,455	247,565	256,895	85	40	50
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,100	15,800	12,200	16,400	17,400	15,500	17,200	17,000	36,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	27,600	22,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	54,000	68,000	42,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.5	84.0	72.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	92.0	92.0	92.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.5	74.0	67.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	76.0	60.0	84.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	15.8	28.4	18.9	14.4	24.4	7.4	10.0	6.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.3	0.9	4.8	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.0	...	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.0	6.8	9.8	6.4	5.9	7.0	2.3	2.7	2.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.1	6.2	8.8	5.7	5.4	6.0	2.1	2.4	1.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	665	355	310	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	305	155	150
Without total income	15	10	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	15	5	10
With total income	645	345	300	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	290	150	140
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	20	20	138,250	65,670	72,580	25	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	100	50	45	200,450	93,060	107,390	25	10	15
$20,000 to $29,999	140	75	60	286,825	131,235	155,595	30	10	15
$30,000 to $39,999	90	40	50	215,455	102,705	112,755	30	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	85	50	40	181,505	86,460	95,040	25	10	15
$50,000 to $59,999	55	25	25	138,185	64,805	73,380	25	5	20
$60,000 to $69,999	40	20	20	100,060	48,510	51,550	15	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	20	15	5	74,165	37,625	36,540	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	25	5	15	58,400	30,060	28,335	15	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	25	15	10	42,240	22,360	19,875	15	10	0
$100,000 and over	35	25	10	149,555	92,680	56,875	80	55	25
$100,000 to $149,999	30	15	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	30	15	15
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	45	35	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	665	355	310	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	305	155	150
Without after-tax income	15	10	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	15	5	10
With after-tax income	645	345	305	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	290	150	140
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	20	25	144,275	67,955	76,320	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	100	55	45	210,975	98,495	112,480	30	10	10
$20,000 to $29,999	160	90	75	334,395	155,845	178,545	40	20	20
$30,000 to $39,999	115	60	50	257,145	124,835	132,315	35	10	20
$40,000 to $49,999	90	50	45	204,980	97,805	107,175	30	10	25
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	20	139,760	67,315	72,450	15	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	40	25	20	93,705	46,700	47,005	25	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	25	5	15	61,765	31,815	29,945	15	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	55	40	15
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	15	10	5
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	35	25	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	665	355	310	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	305	155	150
Without employment income	145	65	80	495,060	212,405	282,660	110	55	50
With employment income	520	290	235	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	200	100	95
Under $5,000 (including loss)	75	45	30	167,560	82,405	85,155	30	20	10
$5,000 to $9,999	55	30	25	111,575	52,975	58,595	20	10	5
$10,000 to $19,999	85	45	40	151,350	72,815	78,530	15	5	10
$20,000 to $29,999	50	30	20	116,030	56,295	59,730	15	5	5
$30,000 to $39,999	50	25	20	108,120	55,225	52,890	15	0	10
$40,000 to $49,999	60	30	30	104,250	51,950	52,300	15	5	10
$50,000 to $59,999	30	20	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	20	5	15
$60,000 to $69,999	30	10	20	66,190	35,045	31,145	5	0	5
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	5	0	5
$80,000 to $89,999	30	10	15	46,000	24,150	21,850	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	30	25	5	115,575	74,545	41,030	50	35	15
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	47,525	28,870	18,655	10	10	0
$125,000 and over	15	10	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	35	25	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	665	350	315	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	305	160	150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	625	335	290	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	285	150	140
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	30,400	28,800	34,000	36,400	31,800	49,200	64,500	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	625	335	290	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	285	150	140
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,800	28,400	27,800	31,000	32,800	29,400	41,200	48,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	565	305	265	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	275	135	135
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	30,200	26,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	44,000	57,600	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	495	275	225	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	205	105	100
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	30,800	27,800	33,600	36,800	30,400	41,600	54,400	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	505	260	245	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	195	85	110
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,040	1,840	2,800	4,440	2,760	7,300	9,100	10,700	7,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	45	25	15	114,940	56,080	58,855	15	0	10
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,150	7,150	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	x	...	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	595	335	260	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	340	175	170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	580	330	250	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	315	165	150
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,400	43,400	34,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	68,000	79,000	56,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	580	330	250	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	315	165	150
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,200	30,200	39,800	43,800	35,920	40,800	38,400	43,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	535	300	235	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	295	155	145
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,600	42,000	29,800	49,080	57,750	40,560	66,000	78,000	54,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	470	275	200	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	230	110	120
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,200	32,800	48,720	55,750	41,240	67,000	77,000	57,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	485	270	205	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	205	100	100
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,680	6,280	7,250	8,250	6,740	9,510	8,900	10,400	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45	30	20	114,595	55,675	58,915	20	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	8,000	12,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	10,000	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	595	335	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	345	175	170
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	210	135	80	507,645	274,575	233,070	100	55	40
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,400	44,400	42,000	54,400	58,400	50,400	56,800	57,600	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,000	56,000	45,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	92,000	100,000	80,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	210	110	105	462,020	227,495	234,530	90	40	55
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	16,800	14,800	21,800	23,200	20,400	42,000	25,200	42,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	28,400	24,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	63,000	80,000	52,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	88.0	82.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	92.0	92.0	92.0
Employment income (%)	77.5	78.0	76.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	73.0	68.0	80.0
Government transfers (%)	14.1	12.0	18.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	8.4	8.0	9.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.6	2.5	1.1	0.8	1.6	0.8	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	420	...	...	910,355	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	66,000	...	...	156,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	58,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	225	...	...	367,395	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	38,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	34,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	195	...	...	542,960	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	80,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,600	...	...	92,700	...	...	296,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,800	...	...	74,100	...	...	188,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	225	...	...	367,255	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	49,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,640	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	180	...	...	543,100	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	325,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	204,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	420	...	...	910,355	...	...	125	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	25,730	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	40	...	...	57,720	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	41,160	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	40,595	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	41,545	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	42,630	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	40,980	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	75,485	...	...	5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	67,695	...	...	0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	60,495	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	54,055	...	...	0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	45,830	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	75	...	...	270,265	...	...	90	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	85,635	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	56,205	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	62,095	...	...	15	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	420	...	...	910,355	...	...	125	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	27,485	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	40	...	...	63,030	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	40	...	...	49,660	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	48,815	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	51,055	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	50,890	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	47,120	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40	...	...	85,490	...	...	0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	75,625	...	...	5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	65,530	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	54,850	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	45,065	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	45	...	...	197,490	...	...	80	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	78,870	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	45,905	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	72,715	...	...	50	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	165	...	...	501,830	...	...	110	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	82,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	179,195	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	75,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	208,260	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	206,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	95,875	...	...	5	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	310	185	120	477,085	240,895	236,195	15	15	5
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	30,000	31,200	34,400	34,800	34,000	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,200	27,800	28,800	31,200	31,200	31,200	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	145	...	...	501,905	...	...	125	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	325,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	204,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	179,455	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	210,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	208,375	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	390,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	240,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	95,455	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	295	185	110	476,520	240,280	236,245	0	0	0
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	48,800	37,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	x	x	...
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	41,600	32,500	37,600	37,920	37,280	x	x	...
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	750	395	355	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	370	180	190
0 to 17 years	100	45	55	365,020	186,710	178,315	80	35	45
0 to 5 years	40	20	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	555	305	255	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	195	95	100
65 years and over	90	45	45	317,425	140,270	177,155	95	55	45
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	150	90	65	321,885	154,370	167,510	10	5	10
0 to 17 years	15	5	10	54,265	27,870	26,395	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	10	0	10	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	115	70	45	197,020	99,310	97,710	5	5	5
65 years and over	25	15	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	20.4	22.8	17.5	16.4	16.0	16.9	2.8	2.5	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	16.0	16.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0	x	40.0	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	20.4	24.0	17.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	26.0	28.0	28.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	750	390	355	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	375	185	185
0 to 17 years	100	45	55	365,025	186,705	178,315	80	35	45
0 to 5 years	35	20	20	120,610	61,615	58,995	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	560	300	255	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	200	95	100
65 years and over	90	45	50	317,425	140,265	177,155	100	55	40
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	120	70	50	213,720	108,905	104,815	5	0	0
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	100	65	40	153,385	81,765	71,620	0	0	0
65 years and over	5	5	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	16.0	18.5	13.6	10.9	11.3	10.6	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	12.0	10.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	18.4	20.0	16.5	12.0	12.8	11.2	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	6.0	12.0	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	750	390	355	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	370	180	185
In bottom half of the distribution	545	290	250	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	100	50	55
In bottom decile	150	90	65	298,540	147,890	150,655	10	0	5
In second decile	105	55	55	244,435	115,985	128,450	15	10	5
In third decile	110	65	50	240,895	116,550	124,345	20	15	10
In fourth decile	105	55	55	218,125	105,885	112,240	15	5	0
In fifth decile	65	30	35	194,765	95,185	99,580	45	20	25
In top half of the distribution	205	105	105	762,590	384,140	378,450	270	135	135
In sixth decile	50	30	25	172,200	85,100	87,095	5	5	0
In seventh decile	45	20	25	156,540	78,290	78,250	35	15	20
In eighth decile	55	25	35	144,120	72,600	71,525	60	30	25
In ninth decile	35	15	20	134,265	68,285	65,980	65	30	35
In top decile	20	15	5	155,465	79,870	75,595	105	50	50
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	750	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	375	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.544	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.459	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.606	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.454	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	750	390	355	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	375	185	185
English only	30	15	10	262,290	133,690	128,600	20	15	5
French only	240	120	120	486,845	221,005	265,840	35	20	15
English and French	460	245	210	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	320	155	165
Neither English nor French	15	10	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	750	390	355	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	375	185	185
English	65	35	35	605,220	303,380	301,835	115	60	60
French	595	325	275	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	205	105	100
English and French	70	30	40	173,785	88,480	85,300	50	25	25
Neither English nor French	15	10	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	750	390	355	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	375	185	185
Single responses	705	370	335	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	345	170	175
Official languages	475	255	220	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	190	90	100
English	30	15	15	322,315	162,085	160,230	40	15	25
French	445	240	205	870,975	428,435	442,540	150	80	75
Non-official languages	225	120	110	643,275	311,525	331,750	150	75	75
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	225	120	110	642,820	311,370	331,445	150	75	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	35	20	129,195	68,395	60,805	30	20	15
Berber languages	15	10	5	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	10	5	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	30	15	112,200	59,320	52,880	30	20	15
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	40	30	15	107,605	56,960	50,645	30	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	5	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	105	45	60	329,415	158,980	170,435	105	55	50
Albanian	5	5	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	40	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	5	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	40	50	183,755	87,295	96,460	55	30	25
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	45	20	20
Portuguese	10	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	5	5	5
Spanish	65	25	35	85,395	41,150	44,250	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10	57,075	26,030	31,035	5	0	5
Chinese languages	20	15	10	56,890	25,955	30,935	5	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	5	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	25	20	143,450	71,980	71,470	30	15	15
English and French	15	5	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	47,185	23,615	23,570	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	750	390	355	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	375	185	185
English	35	10	20	340,470	170,050	170,425	45	25	25
French	405	210	195	779,125	383,000	396,125	125	65	60
Non-official language	70	35	35	204,395	96,705	107,690	25	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	70	35	35	204,315	96,670	107,645	25	10	10
English and French	75	40	30	173,135	89,205	83,935	30	10	20
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	135,390	66,995	68,400	35	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	100	55	45	180,900	85,935	94,965	35	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	20	154,470	76,450	78,020	75	35	40
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	750	390	355	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	375	185	185
Single responses	670	345	325	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	350	170	175
Official languages	540	280	260	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	280	135	145
English	50	25	25	479,850	239,270	240,580	100	45	55
French	490	255	230	956,130	471,155	484,975	180	90	90
Non-official languages	135	60	70	370,290	177,955	192,335	65	35	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	135	60	70	370,125	177,895	192,235	65	35	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	66,095	34,080	32,015	5	5	5
Berber languages	5	0	5	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	5	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	5	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	5	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	30	40	188,550	90,370	98,185	50	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	30	15	15
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	25	35	95,835	44,515	51,315	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5	22,105	9,270	12,835	20	10	10
Portuguese	10	5	5	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	45	20	25	54,335	26,035	28,300	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	5	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	80	45	30	173,745	85,640	88,110	30	15	10
English and French	20	15	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	10	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	40	30	15	57,355	27,790	29,565	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	750	390	355	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	370	185	185
None	565	290	270	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	210	105	100
English	60	35	25	131,630	67,290	64,340	35	15	15
French	40	20	20	126,780	62,180	64,600	25	10	10
Non-official language	45	25	15	144,335	69,210	75,130	35	15	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	45	25	15	144,155	69,135	75,015	35	15	25
English and French	5	0	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	670	380	285	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	410	200	210
Official languages	645	370	275	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	410	200	210
English	455	250	200	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	365	175	190
French	625	360	265	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	370	175	195
Non-official languages	285	145	140	971,455	471,755	499,700	260	115	140
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	285	145	140	970,710	471,495	499,220	260	115	140
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	15	217,295	113,605	103,690	100	45	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	25	15	205,120	107,210	97,905	100	45	50
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	40	25	15	188,115	98,545	89,565	100	45	50
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	15	10	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	15	10	10	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	135	60	80	514,485	250,190	264,295	155	70	85
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	45	20	25
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	15	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	60	65	324,695	154,360	170,340	85	35	50
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	30	0	25	107,285	51,300	55,985	70	35	35
Portuguese	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	85	50	35	193,835	91,345	102,490	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	30	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	10	10	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	15	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	30	10	15	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	10	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	665	380	285	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	405	200	205
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	665	380	285	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	405	200	205
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	665	380	285	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	405	200	205
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	665	380	285	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	405	200	205
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
Owner	125	...	...	360,125	...	...	135	...	...
Renter	280	...	...	550,240	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
Condominium	75	...	...	192,985	...	...	10	...	...
Not condominium	330	...	...	717,375	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	215	...	...	267,715	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	155	...	...	303,875	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	30	...	...	220,945	...	...	50	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	98,090	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	315	...	...	501,570	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	50	...	...	166,230	...	...	10	...	...
6 rooms	0	...	...	78,495	...	...	15	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	58,850	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	20	...	...	105,210	...	...	95	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.9	...	...	4.7	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
One person or fewer per room	400	...	...	881,730	...	...	135	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
Suitable	380	...	...	834,885	...	...	135	...	...
Not suitable	25	...	...	75,475	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
1960 or before	180	...	...	325,005	...	...	10	...	...
1961 to 1980	130	...	...	282,605	...	...	65	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	101,185	...	...	50	...	...
1991 to 2000	30	...	...	63,765	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	35	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	375	...	...	833,540	...	...	115	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	76,815	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
One-maintainer household	280	...	...	543,605	...	...	55	...	...
Two-maintainer household	130	...	...	333,140	...	...	75	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
15 to 24 years	50	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	100	...	...	162,375	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	70	...	...	171,535	...	...	10	...	...
45 to 54 years	75	...	...	155,520	...	...	20	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	156,865	...	...	50	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	122,825	...	...	15	...	...
75 to 84 years	30	...	...	70,345	...	...	30	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	400	...	...	902,485	...	...	130	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	305	...	...	686,075	...	...	110	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	95	...	...	216,410	...	...	20	...	...
30% to less than 100%	80	...	...	189,795	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	405	...	...	910,360	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	330,635	...	...	35	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	85	...	...	186,350	...	...	10	...	...
Not suitable only	25	...	...	56,480	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	50,745	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	18,075	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	265	...	...	579,720	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	380	...	...	875,865	...	...	130	...	...
In core need	45	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	340	...	...	787,925	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	130	...	...	360,120	...	...	135	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.2	...	...	60.0	...	...	33.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.9	...	...	17.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,960	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,600	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	560,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	280	...	...	550,235	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.2	...	...	28.4	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.8	...	...	14.6	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	740	...	...	890	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	795	...	...	987	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	665	380	290	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	405	200	205
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	660	375	285	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	405	200	205
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	670	385	290	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	410	200	205
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	570	325	240	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	405	195	205
Canadian citizens aged under 18	75	50	25	322,965	164,980	157,985	80	35	45
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	490	275	215	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	325	160	160
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	100	55	45	313,410	160,530	152,885	0	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	670	385	290	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	410	200	205
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	395	225	170	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	240	115	125
Immigrants⁸¹	235	135	95	652,730	313,955	338,770	165	85	80
Before 1980	40	25	20	108,265	50,530	57,735	85	45	35
1980 to 1990	10	10	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	20	10	15
1991 to 2000	30	15	10	106,810	50,520	56,290	30	15	15
2001 to 2010	65	40	25	154,780	74,520	80,255	15	0	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	80	40	40	213,175	104,225	108,950	0	0	0
2011 to 2015	40	20	15	99,070	48,005	51,065	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	40	20	20	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40	20	20	138,240	75,380	62,860	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	235	135	95	652,725	313,955	338,770	165	90	80
Under 5 years	0	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	20	10	15
5 to 14 years	40	25	15	103,285	51,965	51,320	30	15	20
15 to 24 years	35	15	15	118,475	53,035	65,440	45	30	20
25 to 44 years	135	75	55	326,320	158,620	167,700	65	35	30
45 years and over	15	10	10	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	235	135	95	652,725	313,955	338,770	165	90	80
Americas	45	30	10	137,955	63,465	74,485	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	20	10	10	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	75	30	45	158,795	76,610	82,190	45	25	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	40	15	25	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	15	0	10	32,485	15,325	17,165	35	15	20
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	70	65	10	152,205	77,515	74,690	30	15	15
Algeria	20	15	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	20	10	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	35	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	40	15	30	202,715	95,775	106,935	90	50	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	20	15	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	20	10	15
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	10	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	10	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	20	20	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	25	10	15	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	25	10	15	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	10	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	670	380	285	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	405	200	205
First generation¹⁰⁰	280	160	120	813,905	400,325	413,580	170	85	85
Second generation¹⁰¹	100	60	40	424,225	212,755	211,475	100	50	50
Third generation or more¹⁰²	285	165	130	721,230	352,590	368,630	135	65	70
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	190	115	75	544,455	263,425	281,040	85	40	45
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	105	65	35	303,105	155,090	148,020	65	30	35
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	75	55	20	151,015	87,200	63,815	30	15	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	30	15	20	152,090	67,890	84,205	35	15	20
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	65	30	35	146,645	59,645	87,000	15	10	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25	15	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	190	115	75	544,455	263,425	281,040	85	40	45
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	15	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	40	20	20	56,685	26,490	30,195	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	120	70	50	387,815	184,015	203,795	80	40	40
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	670	380	285	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	405	200	205
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	220	130	90	737,510	363,785	373,725	90	40	45
South Asian	10	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	15	0	0
Chinese	25	0	15	69,985	32,190	37,795	20	15	0
Black	95	75	15	208,805	101,125	107,680	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	35	20	15	151,890	79,375	72,515	35	15	25
Latin American	15	10	10	82,550	40,580	41,970	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	30	10	20	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	450	250	195	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	320	155	160
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	670	380	290	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	410	200	210
Canadian	90	50	40	241,015	115,880	125,135	50	20	25
English	20	0	15	59,710	30,025	29,685	15	10	10
Irish	10	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	20	10	10
Scottish	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	215	135	85	336,880	169,710	167,170	85	40	45
German	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	35	10	25	74,630	34,410	40,220	30	15	0
Italian	40	0	35	156,025	76,485	79,535	100	40	60
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	40	30	15	108,910	54,650	54,260	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	20	10	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10	10	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	20	10	10	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	25	15	10	35,975	17,775	18,200	20	0	15
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	15	10	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	15	10	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	15	15	56,950	30,125	26,830	35	15	20
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	10	10	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	15	10	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	20	15	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	10	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	25	0	20
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	25	20	15	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	45	25	25
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	10	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	10	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	665	380	285	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	405	205	205
Buddhist	20	10	15	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	265	155	115	969,945	451,410	518,540	270	135	135
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50	30	20	116,635	55,545	61,090	55	35	20
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	200	115	85	675,695	314,690	361,010	190	85	100
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	30	10	20
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	55	35	20	233,440	121,145	112,290	40	10	25
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	10	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	310	175	135	590,140	310,985	279,165	80	45	35
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	665	375	290	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	405	200	200
Non-movers	520	305	220	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	380	190	190
Movers	145	75	75	255,365	129,500	125,865	25	15	10
Non-migrants	115	60	50	186,805	94,745	92,055	25	15	10
Migrants	35	10	20	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	35	10	20	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	35	10	20	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	635	350	285	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	380	195	185
Non-movers	280	155	130	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	295	150	140
Movers	355	195	155	821,475	413,250	408,230	85	40	40
Non-migrants	225	125	100	433,700	216,030	217,670	85	40	40
Migrants	125	70	55	387,770	197,215	190,560	0	0	0
Internal migrants	80	40	40	190,035	93,955	96,075	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	65	35	30	159,710	78,770	80,940	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	15	0	10	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	45	30	20	197,735	103,260	94,485	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	595	335	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	340	175	170
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	90	55	35	274,820	136,500	138,320	55	25	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	510	285	225	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	290	145	145
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	420	255	170	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	200	90	110
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	25	20	121,295	65,950	55,345	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	380	230	150	975,700	481,690	494,005	200	90	105
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	595	335	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	340	175	170
No certificate, diploma or degree	80	45	35	247,460	120,840	126,625	40	25	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	55	50	319,755	162,520	157,240	30	10	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	415	235	175	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	275	140	130
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	80	55	473,060	232,855	240,210	95	50	45
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	25	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	20	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	25	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	20	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	40	35	260,845	122,345	138,495	50	20	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	15	15	66,045	28,760	37,285	25	20	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	275	155	120	609,855	291,355	318,505	175	90	85
Bachelor's degree	180	90	90	344,605	160,320	184,285	75	45	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	25	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	20	0	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	25	15	10
Master's degree	60	40	20	159,510	78,325	81,190	45	25	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	420	250	170	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	200	90	110
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	20	15	102,815	55,805	47,015	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35	25	10	162,205	88,420	73,785	10	0	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	345	200	145	831,975	403,420	428,555	195	90	105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105	65	40	333,160	167,260	165,895	55	15	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	25	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	20	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	35	20	174,185	84,745	89,445	30	10	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	10	15	48,580	21,830	26,755	20	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	240	135	105	498,815	236,155	262,665	140	70	70
Bachelor's degree	155	80	75	276,640	128,890	147,745	65	40	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	20	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	15	0	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	20	10	15
Master's degree	55	30	25	137,150	66,720	70,430	35	10	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	595	335	265	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	340	175	165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	185	100	85	567,220	283,355	283,860	65	30	35
Education	25	0	25	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
13. Education	25	0	25	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	20	15	69,210	32,705	36,505	20	0	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	30	20	15	61,135	27,085	34,045	20	0	20
Humanities	30	15	15	78,920	30,815	48,110	25	10	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	15	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	15	10	28,165	11,870	16,295	15	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	80	35	45	157,220	58,185	99,040	35	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	10	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	28,365	11,670	16,690	15	10	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	45	25	20	59,300	29,185	30,110	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	70	45	25	248,895	110,950	137,945	65	40	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	45	15	237,125	108,040	129,090	65	40	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	25	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	35	20	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	20	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	20	15	65,435	46,010	19,420	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	10	10	53,075	39,595	13,480	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	60	55	10	173,380	143,615	29,765	30	30	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	25	25	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	15	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20,645	19,920	730	10	10	0
48. Precision production	10	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	15	25	122,295	30,795	91,495	25	15	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	15	25	109,185	24,140	85,045	20	10	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	420	250	165	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	200	85	110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	75	50	25	265,025	144,230	120,800	10	0	10
Education	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
13. Education	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	20	10	54,840	26,500	28,340	20	0	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	10	10	48,205	21,870	26,335	20	0	20
Humanities	20	10	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	15	0	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	15	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	10	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	65	30	40	121,985	44,105	77,880	30	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	10	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	35	20	20	44,580	21,945	22,635	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	70	50	25	199,525	87,920	111,600	45	25	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	50	15	190,410	85,600	104,810	45	25	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	20	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	15	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	15	15	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	15	15	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	45	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	10	10	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	25	25	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	10	10	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	20	25	92,595	23,265	69,330	25	15	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	10	25	82,410	18,370	64,045	15	10	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	420	250	165	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	200	85	110
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75	50	25	265,025	144,230	120,800	10	0	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	345	205	145	831,975	403,415	428,560	195	85	100
Location of study inside Canada	230	125	105	598,455	286,340	312,115	155	70	85
Same as province or territory of residence	230	125	105	566,540	270,160	296,380	150	70	80
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	110	75	35	233,520	117,075	116,445	40	20	15
Americas	10	10	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	45	25	20	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	35	20	15	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	60	40	15	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	20	15	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	25	10	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	25	15	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	15	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	595	335	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	340	175	170
In the labour force	450	260	190	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	215	105	105
Employed	390	230	165	971,245	502,885	468,360	195	100	95
Unemployed	60	30	30	110,395	58,460	51,935	20	10	10
Not in the labour force	145	75	70	568,495	246,215	322,280	125	65	60
Participation rate	75.6	77.6	73.1	65.5	69.5	61.8	63.2	60.0	61.8
Employment rate	65.5	68.7	63.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	57.4	57.1	55.9
Unemployment rate	13.3	11.5	15.8	10.2	10.4	10.0	9.3	9.5	9.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	595	335	260	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	340	170	165
Did not work¹⁸⁶	165	85	75	582,470	253,075	329,400	125	65	60
Worked	435	250	185	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	215	110	105
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	215	130	85	529,400	287,950	241,450	115	65	45
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	220	115	100	538,265	266,540	271,725	100	40	55
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.5	40.6	38.0	39.7	40.2	39.3	43.0	46.0	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	450	260	190	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	215	110	105
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	440	250	190	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	210	110	105
Employee	410	235	175	907,745	457,830	449,915	135	55	80
Permanent position	295	175	120	741,830	380,445	361,385	120	55	65
Temporary position	115	65	55	165,915	77,385	88,530	20	10	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	45	20	20	69,690	31,285	38,405	15	0	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	70	40	30	96,225	46,100	50,120	0	0	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	35	15	20	142,380	88,145	54,230	70	50	25
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	450	260	190	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	215	110	105
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	440	250	190	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	210	110	105
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	25	20	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	85	55	30	207,660	79,975	127,685	55	25	30
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	55	45	10	114,775	85,780	28,990	15	15	0
3 Health occupations	30	20	15	85,545	21,700	63,845	20	15	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	60	20	45	140,500	46,385	94,115	30	10	25
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	25	10	15	61,790	31,615	30,175	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	115	50	60	263,055	135,300	127,750	25	10	15
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	35	30	10	109,555	99,115	10,440	20	15	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	30	15	10	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	450	260	190	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	215	110	105
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	440	250	190	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	210	110	105
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	15	10	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	30	30	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	15	10	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	25	0	25
44-45 Retail trade	25	15	10	111,555	56,180	55,375	10	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	15	10	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	25	25	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	30	25	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	10	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	10	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	15	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	45	25	20	130,405	75,750	54,655	30	15	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25	20	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	0	0	0
61 Educational services	35	0	25	95,290	34,510	60,780	15	0	15
62 Health care and social assistance	80	35	40	142,545	36,095	106,450	35	15	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	40	20	25	59,510	32,125	27,380	10	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	35	0	30	43,990	17,935	26,050	20	10	0
91 Public administration	10	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	465	265	200	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	225	115	110
English	20	0	10	201,310	110,165	91,150	40	20	15
French	220	130	90	416,430	206,170	210,265	60	20	45
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	220	130	85	473,485	249,700	223,785	115	70	50
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	465	265	200	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	225	115	110
Single responses	420	245	175	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	210	110	95
Official languages	415	245	170	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	210	110	95
English	50	35	20	361,715	194,885	166,835	90	45	40
French	365	210	155	645,885	327,180	318,705	115	60	55
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	25	20	126,180	65,940	60,240	20	0	15
English and French	40	20	20	116,535	60,925	55,605	20	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	465	265	200	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	225	115	110
None	280	155	125	743,180	381,875	361,305	120	45	75
English	145	80	65	219,885	116,455	103,430	50	35	15
French	35	25	10	149,470	78,495	70,975	50	25	25
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	390	230	160	971,245	502,885	468,360	190	100	90
Worked at home	85	55	30	298,820	151,335	147,485	65	40	25
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	40	30	15	89,120	62,795	26,325	0	0	0
Usual place of work	265	145	115	580,035	286,695	293,340	120	55	70
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	265	145	120	580,035	286,695	293,340	120	60	65
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	230	135	100	427,475	202,010	225,465	100	45	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	10	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	0	15	58,865	35,690	23,175	15	10	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	305	170	130	669,150	349,485	319,665	125	60	65
Car, truck or van	135	80	60	395,615	229,315	166,300	115	60	55
Car, truck or van - as a driver	130	80	55	365,770	218,475	147,295	115	60	55
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	130	75	55	177,860	74,605	103,260	0	0	0
Walked	15	0	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	0	0	0
Bicycle	20	15	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	305	170	130	669,150	349,485	319,665	125	60	65
Less than 15 minutes	25	10	15	125,240	61,185	64,055	25	10	15
15 to 29 minutes	120	90	35	241,005	129,590	111,420	55	25	30
30 to 44 minutes	115	40	70	176,925	96,710	80,215	35	25	15
45 to 59 minutes	25	15	15	67,635	33,110	34,530	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	20	10	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	305	170	130	669,150	349,485	319,665	125	60	65
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	15	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	55	30	30	95,270	56,280	38,990	10	10	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	60	30	30	166,695	79,410	87,280	30	15	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	35	25	149,185	68,865	80,320	40	20	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55	20	35	106,855	50,615	56,240	30	20	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	60	40	15	112,350	65,830	46,520	15	0	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	105	45	60	371,310	189,920	181,390	80	40	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	10	109,065	56,315	52,750	35	15	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	45	50	262,245	133,605	128,640	50	25	25
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	70	25	40	264,905	135,505	129,395	60	30	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	20	10	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	67,535	34,945	32,590	15	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	25	40	182,020	92,755	89,270	40	15	20

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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