Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661476More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661058More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24661412More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	313	...	...	662	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	238	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	183	...	...	399	...	...	976,966	...	...	80	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	165	...	...	360	...	...	910,359	...	...	73	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	11,992.3	...	...	8,004.8	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	258.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.03	...	...	0.08	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.92	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	310	160	150	665	340	325	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	240	100	140
0 to 14 years	45	20	20	60	25	35	309,765	158,545	151,225	50	20	25
0 to 4 years	25	5	15	15	5	10	99,195	50,760	48,435	10	5	5
5 to 9 years	20	10	10	20	5	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	15	5	10
10 to 14 years	5	5	5	30	15	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	20	10	15
15 to 64 years	225	115	105	560	290	270	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	150	60	85
15 to 19 years	10	5	5	30	20	15	97,525	49,340	48,180	25	5	20
20 to 24 years	20	10	10	60	30	25	140,025	70,895	69,125	15	5	15
25 to 29 years	40	25	20	120	45	70	165,525	83,630	81,895	15	5	15
30 to 34 years	45	25	20	105	60	45	157,725	78,995	78,730	5	5	5
35 to 39 years	25	15	10	60	40	30	149,265	74,115	75,155	5	0	5
40 to 44 years	15	10	5	50	25	25	142,365	70,920	71,445	15	5	5
45 to 49 years	15	10	10	25	15	10	125,505	62,690	62,815	20	5	10
50 to 54 years	15	15	5	35	15	20	121,710	61,735	59,975	15	5	5
55 to 59 years	15	5	5	30	20	15	125,465	63,810	61,655	20	10	10
60 to 64 years	20	10	5	40	15	20	118,065	57,920	60,140	15	10	10
65 years and over	45	20	20	45	25	20	351,325	151,210	200,120	45	20	20
65 to 69 years	25	10	10	30	15	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	15	10	5
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	5	5	0	86,030	39,185	46,845	5	5	5
75 to 79 years	5	5	5	0	5	0	63,215	27,320	35,895	10	10	5
80 to 84 years	5	0	0	5	0	0	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	0	5
85 years and over	5	0	5	5	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	12.5	13.3	9.0	7.4	10.8	15.5	16.1	14.8	20.8	20.0	17.9
15 to 64 years	72.6	71.9	70.0	84.2	85.3	83.1	67.0	68.5	65.6	62.5	60.0	60.7
65 years and over	14.5	12.5	13.3	6.8	7.4	6.2	17.5	15.4	19.6	18.8	20.0	14.3
85 years and over	1.6	0.0	3.3	0.8	0.0	1.5	2.8	1.9	3.6	2.1	0.0	3.6
Average age of the population	38.0	37.8	38.4	35.9	36.8	34.9	41.0	39.8	42.1	40.0	41.6	38.8
Median age of the population	34.0	34.8	33.6	32.4	33.2	31.0	39.6	38.4	40.4	41.6	46.0	34.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	165	...	...	360	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	65	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	60	...	...	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	95	...	...	355	...	...	479,885	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	165	...	...	360	...	...	910,355	...	...	70	...	...
1 person	80	...	...	175	...	...	367,400	...	...	15	...	...
2 persons	45	...	...	130	...	...	271,730	...	...	20	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	30	...	...	118,205	...	...	5	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	10	...	...	98,205	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	15	...	...	54,820	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	310	160	150	645	335	315	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	240	100	135
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	3.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	270	140	130	600	310	285	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	190	80	115
Married or living common-law	110	50	55	230	120	115	822,440	414,330	408,115	115	60	55
Married	50	25	30	70	35	35	577,060	289,455	287,600	85	40	40
Living common-law	60	25	25	165	85	85	245,385	124,870	120,510	30	15	15
Living common law - Never married	50	25	25	160	75	80	207,040	104,785	102,250	20	5	15
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	5	5	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	10	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	160	85	75	370	195	175	872,060	410,935	461,125	75	25	55
Not married and not living common law - Never married	120	70	50	320	175	145	627,845	333,150	294,700	65	20	45
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	10	5	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	0	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20	10	5	30	15	15	126,605	46,380	80,225	0	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	5	15	10	0	5	82,815	16,590	66,225	10	0	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	65	...	...	145	...	...	495,445	...	...	60	...	...
2 persons	35	...	...	105	...	...	251,075	...	...	20	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	15	...	...	107,265	...	...	5	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	10	...	...	93,300	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	145	...	...	495,445	...	...	60	...	...
Total couple families	50	...	...	110	...	...	395,645	...	...	60	...	...
Married couples	25	...	...	35	...	...	273,070	...	...	40	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	15	...	...	162,745	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	20	...	...	110,325	...	...	15	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	80	...	...	122,570	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	10	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	70	...	...	77,700	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	10	...	...	35	...	...	99,805	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	30	...	...	80,530	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	310	160	150	645	330	315	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	240	100	135
Total - Persons in census families	185	85	100	375	180	195	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	220	95	125
Married spouses or common-law partners	100	55	55	230	110	115	791,280	398,495	392,785	110	55	55
Parents in one-parent families	15	0	10	30	0	25	99,805	19,275	80,525	5	5	5
Children⁶	70	35	40	115	60	55	541,905	284,935	256,965	105	35	70
In a two-parent family	45	20	20	65	25	35	392,250	205,155	187,095	100	35	60
In a one-parent family	20	10	10	50	30	20	149,655	79,785	69,865	10	0	10
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	125	75	55	275	155	120	526,370	262,915	263,450	15	5	10
Living alone	80	45	35	180	100	75	367,395	175,660	191,740	15	5	10
Living with other relatives⁷	15	10	10	10	10	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	0	0	0
Living with non-relatives only	30	20	10	85	45	40	109,690	65,235	44,455	0	0	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	165	...	...	360	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	60	...	...	130	...	...	455,970	...	...	55	...	...
Couple-family households	45	...	...	100	...	...	370,250	...	...	50	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	25	...	...	194,165	...	...	35	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	80	...	...	176,085	...	...	15	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	30	...	...	85,720	...	...	5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	40	...	...	55,210	...	...	0	...	...
One-person households	80	...	...	180	...	...	367,395	...	...	15	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	270	135	125	585	305	275	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	190	80	110
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	260	135	125	560	290	265	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	x	x	x
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	31,000	35,600	34,800	32,400	36,400	37,600	39,600	36,000	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	260	135	125	560	290	265	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	28,600	31,600	31,800	30,600	33,600	34,000	35,200	32,800	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	230	115	115	480	255	230	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	x	x	x
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,000	28,200	22,800	30,200	29,800	31,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	200	105	95	445	235	210	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,200	26,200	21,000	29,600	26,600	32,000	32,800	36,000	29,600	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	230	110	120	485	245	240	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,100	11,000	12,700	8,900	9,000	8,300	10,800	9,600	12,000	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35	15	20	95	50	45	171,705	84,570	87,145	x	x	x
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	x	5,880	5,360	5,480	3,800	5,520	5,480	5,680	x	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105	55	50	210	115	100	529,640	276,110	253,530	x	x	x
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	10,000	8,800	10,000	10,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	280	140	140	520	260	260	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	170	80	100
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	280	140	140	500	255	250	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	x	x	x
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	40,000	40,000	40,600	42,400	38,800	53,250	60,050	46,760	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	280	140	140	500	255	250	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	32,500	35,000	35,200	36,000	34,400	42,520	46,280	38,960	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	240	115	125	445	225	215	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	x	x	x
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,000	31,600	34,600	37,600	31,600	48,960	57,350	40,640	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	210	95	115	425	215	210	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	30,000	30,800	33,200	36,400	29,800	48,760	55,650	41,480	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	265	135	130	455	225	230	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,600	12,200	11,040	9,400	12,700	12,040	10,900	13,040	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45	10	35	100	35	65	171,360	84,435	86,925	x	x	x
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	10,000	5,200	6,600	6,000	6,800	6,840	6,065	7,590	x	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	130	60	70	210	100	115	528,305	276,300	252,005	x	x	x
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	11,600	8,800	10,100	10,600	9,600	9,110	9,140	9,070	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	275	140	140	520	260	265	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	175	80	95
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	60	15	45	140	80	60	514,340	278,505	235,830	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,000	x	53,200	55,600	54,800	57,200	60,000	63,600	56,000	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,000	60,000	52,000	56,000	62,000	46,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	125	60	60	240	105	140	504,455	247,565	256,895	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	16,800	16,800	16,600	19,000	15,400	16,400	17,400	15,500	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	28,000	18,500	23,000	21,600	24,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.0	72.0	72.0	75.5	80.0	70.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	x	x	x
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.0	52.0	62.0	68.5	72.0	65.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)²⁰	28.0	28.0	28.0	24.6	19.6	30.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	x	x	x
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	3.0	2.8	3.3	2.0	4.4	1.4	1.1	1.7	x	x	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	12.2	12.4	12.0	11.4	10.6	12.2	6.4	5.9	7.0	x	x	x
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	11.2	12.0	11.0	10.4	10.0	11.2	5.7	5.4	6.0	x	x	x
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	265	140	130	585	305	280	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	x	x	x
Without total income	5	5	0	25	15	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	x	x	x
With total income	255	130	130	560	295	265	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15	5	10	50	25	20	138,250	65,670	72,580	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	35	25	15	55	30	25	200,450	93,060	107,390	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	60	30	25	125	75	55	286,825	131,235	155,595	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	50	25	25	90	45	50	215,455	102,705	112,755	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	30	15	15	60	25	35	181,505	86,460	95,040	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	15	10	5	45	15	25	138,185	64,805	73,380	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	40	15	25	100,060	48,510	51,550	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	5	20	10	5	74,165	37,625	36,540	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	30	20	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	10	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	15	10	10	35	25	5	149,555	92,680	56,875	x	x	x
$100,000 to $149,999	15	5	10	20	10	5	90,980	53,275	37,705	x	x	x
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	10	10	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	x	x	x
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	265	140	130	585	305	280	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	x	x	x
Without after-tax income	5	5	0	25	15	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	x	x	x
With after-tax income	255	130	130	560	295	265	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	x	x	x
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15	5	10	50	25	20	144,275	67,955	76,320	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	40	25	15	60	35	30	210,975	98,495	112,480	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	75	40	35	150	85	70	334,395	155,845	178,545	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	55	25	35	95	45	45	257,145	124,835	132,315	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	30	10	20	70	30	45	204,980	97,805	107,175	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	5	55	20	35	139,760	67,315	72,450	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	5	35	25	15	93,705	46,700	47,005	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	10	0	5	15	10	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	5	10	5	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	5	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	15	15	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	x	x	x
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	5	5	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	x	x	x
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	5	5	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	x	x	x
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	265	140	130	585	305	280	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	x	x	x
Without employment income	70	30	35	140	70	70	495,060	212,405	282,660	x	x	x
With employment income	200	105	95	445	235	215	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	x	x	x
Under $5,000 (including loss)	35	20	15	60	25	30	167,560	82,405	85,155	x	x	x
$5,000 to $9,999	20	10	5	40	25	10	111,575	52,975	58,595	x	x	x
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	25	75	40	35	151,350	72,815	78,530	x	x	x
$20,000 to $29,999	25	15	5	50	25	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	x	x	x
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	5	35	15	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	x	x	x
$40,000 to $49,999	25	10	10	40	20	25	104,250	51,950	52,300	x	x	x
$50,000 to $59,999	10	10	0	35	15	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	x	x	x
$60,000 to $69,999	5	0	0	30	10	25	66,190	35,045	31,145	x	x	x
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	5	15	10	10	52,585	28,500	24,080	x	x	x
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	25	15	10	46,000	24,150	21,850	x	x	x
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	5	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	x	x	x
$100,000 and over	10	10	5	30	25	5	115,575	74,545	41,030	x	x	x
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	0	10	10	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	x	x	x
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	15	15	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	x	x	x
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	270	135	125	585	305	275	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	190	80	110
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	255	135	125	550	285	260	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	x	x	x
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,800	23,800	25,800	32,000	31,800	32,000	34,000	36,400	31,800	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	255	135	125	550	285	260	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,800	22,400	24,600	29,200	28,400	30,000	31,000	32,800	29,400	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	220	115	110	475	245	225	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	x	x	x
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,000	25,200	22,800	33,200	36,000	30,800	32,000	36,000	28,200	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	195	100	95	445	235	210	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,800	26,200	22,400	33,200	35,200	32,000	33,600	36,800	30,400	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	210	110	105	430	215	215	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	x	x	x
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,100	2,720	4,320	1,720	1,660	1,740	4,440	2,760	7,300	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	10	10	40	20	20	114,940	56,080	58,855	x	x	x
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	3,960	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	280	140	140	520	260	260	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	170	80	100
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	280	140	140	500	255	255	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	x	x	x
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	32,500	34,000	36,400	39,600	33,200	50,000	57,050	43,280	x	x	x
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	280	140	140	500	255	255	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	27,200	29,600	31,200	33,200	29,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	x	x	x
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	245	115	130	445	230	215	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	x	x	x
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	33,000	30,400	36,600	40,000	33,200	49,080	57,750	40,560	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	215	100	115	415	215	200	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	30,400	30,800	36,000	38,400	33,200	48,720	55,750	41,240	x	x	x
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	235	120	115	400	190	215	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	x	x	x
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	5,500	6,800	4,980	3,960	5,920	8,250	6,740	9,510	x	x	x
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	0	20	20	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	x	x	x
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	...	7,000	4,800	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	x	x	x
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	275	140	140	520	260	265	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	175	80	95
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	60	15	45	135	80	55	507,645	274,575	233,070	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	42,800	x	46,000	52,400	52,400	59,200	54,400	58,400	50,400	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,000	60,000	46,000	55,000	59,000	50,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	x	x	x
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	125	60	65	225	100	125	462,020	227,495	234,530	x	x	x
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	19,400	21,000	19,400	23,800	18,400	21,800	23,200	20,400	x	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	26,000	20,000	29,200	30,400	28,400	32,320	35,520	29,240	x	x	x
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	x	x	x
Market income (%)	84.0	84.0	84.0	89.0	92.0	84.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	x	x	x
Employment income (%)	71.0	66.0	76.0	81.0	82.0	79.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	x	x	x
Government transfers (%)	15.6	14.4	16.5	10.9	7.5	15.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	x	x	x
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	x	2.5	0.6	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	x	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	165	...	...	360	...	...	910,355	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	59,200	...	...	66,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	50,800	...	...	58,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	80	...	...	180	...	...	367,395	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...	41,200	...	...	38,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	27,200	...	...	36,800	...	...	34,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	85	...	...	180	...	...	542,960	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	68,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	180	...	...	330	...	...	910,360	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	61,800	...	...	92,700	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	53,400	...	...	74,100	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	165	...	...	367,255	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	49,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,000	...	...	41,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	100	...	...	170	...	...	543,100	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	74,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	65,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	165	...	...	360	...	...	910,355	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	10	...	...	18,165	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	17,665	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	25,730	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	57,720	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	41,160	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	40,595	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	41,545	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	40,980	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	75,485	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	67,695	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	60,495	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	54,055	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	45,830	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	30	...	...	70	...	...	270,265	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	85,635	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	56,205	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	62,095	...	...	x	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	165	...	...	360	...	...	910,355	...	...	x	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	10	...	...	19,710	...	...	x	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	x	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	15	...	...	17,965	...	...	x	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	27,485	...	...	x	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	35	...	...	63,030	...	...	x	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	49,660	...	...	x	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	48,815	...	...	x	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	51,055	...	...	x	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	50,890	...	...	x	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	47,120	...	...	x	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	45	...	...	85,490	...	...	x	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	40	...	...	75,625	...	...	x	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	65,530	...	...	x	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	x	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	45,065	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 and over	15	...	...	45	...	...	197,490	...	...	x	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	78,870	...	...	x	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	45,905	...	...	x	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	15	...	...	72,715	...	...	x	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	70	...	...	150	...	...	501,830	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	74,500	...	...	94,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	68,500	...	...	82,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	85	...	...	179,195	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	73,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	30	...	...	208,260	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	4.4	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	30	...	...	95,875	...	...	x	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	52,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	46,400	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	110	70	40	265	145	115	477,085	240,895	236,195	15	5	10
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,800	25,800	37,200	37,200	40,800	34,800	34,400	34,800	34,000	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,000	25,000	33,600	33,200	34,800	32,400	31,200	31,200	31,200	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	90	...	...	115	...	...	501,905	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	60	...	...	179,455	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	15	...	...	208,375	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	35	...	...	95,455	...	...	x	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	52,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	x	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	48,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	100	65	40	270	145	120	476,520	240,280	236,245	20	0	15
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,000	26,000	44,000	41,200	46,000	35,500	45,520	46,520	44,560	x	x	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,200	24,000	38,000	35,200	38,500	31,200	37,600	37,920	37,280	x	x	x
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	310	160	155	645	330	315	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	50	30	20	80	35	45	365,020	186,710	178,315	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	20	0	10	120,615	61,615	58,995	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	220	110	105	525	275	250	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	x	x	x
65 years and over	45	20	25	40	25	20	317,425	140,270	177,155	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	80	45	30	130	65	65	321,885	154,370	167,510	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	10	10	5	20	5	15	54,265	27,870	26,395	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	5	0	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	45	30	20	90	50	45	197,020	99,310	97,710	x	x	x
65 years and over	20	10	10	20	10	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	25.0	29.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	24.0	25.0	x	26.0	16.0	36.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	25.0	x	x	40.0	...	40.0	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	22.0	26.0	18.0	17.6	18.5	16.5	15.4	15.6	15.3	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	40.0	50.0	30.0	40.0	40.0	40.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	x	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	310	160	150	645	330	315	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	50	25	25	75	35	40	365,025	186,705	178,315	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	20	5	15	120,610	61,615	58,995	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	215	115	105	525	270	255	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	x	x	x
65 years and over	45	20	25	45	25	15	317,425	140,265	177,155	x	x	x
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	40	25	15	110	55	50	213,720	108,905	104,815	x	x	x
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	15	5	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	x	x	x
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	x	x	x
18 to 64 years	30	20	15	80	40	40	153,385	81,765	71,620	x	x	x
65 years and over	5	5	5	20	10	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	x	x	x
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.2	17.0	9.0	16.8	17.0	16.5	10.9	11.3	10.6	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	16.0	16.0	16.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	...	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	15.0	20.0	10.0	14.8	14.0	15.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	16.0	20.0	x	40.0	45.0	30.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	310	160	150	645	330	315	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	x	x	x
In bottom half of the distribution	245	130	115	470	230	235	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	x	x	x
In bottom decile	60	40	20	140	65	70	298,540	147,890	150,655	x	x	x
In second decile	60	35	30	100	45	50	244,435	115,985	128,450	x	x	x
In third decile	35	15	20	120	65	55	240,895	116,550	124,345	x	x	x
In fourth decile	50	25	20	55	25	30	218,125	105,885	112,240	x	x	x
In fifth decile	45	20	25	55	30	30	194,765	95,185	99,580	x	x	x
In top half of the distribution	65	30	35	180	100	75	762,590	384,140	378,450	x	x	x
In sixth decile	15	5	10	50	25	30	172,200	85,100	87,095	x	x	x
In seventh decile	10	5	10	40	30	10	156,540	78,290	78,250	x	x	x
In eighth decile	15	10	10	35	20	15	144,120	72,600	71,525	x	x	x
In ninth decile	0	0	0	25	15	15	134,265	68,285	65,980	x	x	x
In top decile	15	10	10	30	15	10	155,465	79,870	75,595	x	x	x
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	310	...	...	645	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328	...	...	0.389	...	...	0.398	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.500	...	...	0.558	...	...	0.531	...	...	x	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286	...	...	0.323	...	...	0.335	...	...	x	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	x	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	315	160	150	660	340	325	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	240	100	135
English only	15	10	5	90	40	50	262,290	133,690	128,600	5	0	0
French only	95	45	50	85	35	50	486,845	221,005	265,840	30	10	15
English and French	190	100	90	480	260	215	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	210	95	120
Neither English nor French	10	0	10	5	0	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	315	160	150	660	340	325	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	240	100	135
English	35	20	15	265	125	140	605,220	303,380	301,835	35	15	15
French	240	130	115	345	180	160	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	190	80	110
English and French	25	10	10	45	25	20	173,785	88,480	85,300	15	5	5
Neither English nor French	10	0	10	5	0	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	315	160	150	660	340	325	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	240	100	135
Single responses	295	155	140	605	310	290	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	220	100	125
Official languages	210	110	105	485	250	235	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	200	85	115
English	20	5	15	180	90	95	322,315	162,085	160,230	25	10	10
French	195	100	90	300	165	135	870,975	428,435	442,540	180	70	105
Non-official languages	85	45	40	120	60	65	643,275	311,525	331,750	20	10	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	45	40	120	60	65	642,820	311,370	331,445	20	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	30	15	10	129,195	68,395	60,805	5	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	0	25	15	10	112,200	59,320	52,880	5	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	0	25	15	10	107,605	56,960	50,645	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	5	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	5	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	15	10	65	35	30	329,415	158,980	170,435	5	5	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	10	5	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	10	5	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	0	5	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	68,600	36,145	32,455	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	15	5	5	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	10	25	15	15	183,755	87,295	96,460	5	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	5	5	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	5	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	10	10	5	20	10	10	85,395	41,150	44,250	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10	15	5	10	57,075	26,030	31,035	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	5	10	15	5	10	56,890	25,955	30,935	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	5	10	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	10	60	25	35	143,450	71,980	71,470	15	5	10
English and French	5	0	5	15	5	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	15	10	5	32,265	15,955	16,310	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	15	5	10	47,185	23,615	23,570	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	5	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	315	160	150	660	340	325	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	240	100	135
English	20	10	10	180	85	95	340,470	170,050	170,425	20	10	10
French	185	90	90	230	125	110	779,125	383,000	396,125	180	80	105
Non-official language	30	15	20	35	15	20	204,395	96,705	107,690	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	20	35	15	20	204,315	96,670	107,645	0	0	0
English and French	25	15	10	105	60	40	173,135	89,205	83,935	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	30	15	15	135,390	66,995	68,400	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	40	20	20	180,900	85,935	94,965	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	35	20	20	154,470	76,450	78,020	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	315	160	150	660	340	325	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	240	100	135
Single responses	290	150	145	600	310	295	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	230	100	130
Official languages	245	125	115	535	275	260	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	220	95	125
English	30	15	10	255	120	130	479,850	239,270	240,580	30	15	15
French	215	110	105	275	150	130	956,130	471,155	484,975	190	80	110
Non-official languages	45	20	25	70	35	35	370,290	177,955	192,335	5	5	5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	20	25	70	35	35	370,125	177,895	192,235	5	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	25	10	10	66,095	34,080	32,015	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	25	10	10	58,585	30,100	28,490	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	25	10	10	56,520	29,075	27,445	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5	0	5	25	15	10	188,550	90,370	98,185	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	10	5	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	20	10	5	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	5	5	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	5	5	5	95,835	44,515	51,315	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	5	0	5	54,335	26,035	28,300	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	5	20	5	10	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	5	20	5	10	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	5	10	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	15	5	55	30	30	173,745	85,640	88,110	10	0	5
English and French	5	5	5	20	10	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	10	5	10	39,365	19,140	20,225	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	20	10	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	5	5	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	315	160	150	665	340	320	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	240	100	135
None	250	125	120	505	250	250	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	210	85	120
English	20	10	5	40	25	10	131,630	67,290	64,340	0	0	0
French	10	10	5	60	35	30	126,780	62,180	64,600	5	5	5
Non-official language	20	10	10	30	10	15	144,335	69,210	75,130	10	5	5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	30	10	15	144,155	69,135	75,015	10	5	5
English and French	5	0	5	10	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	5	0	0	38,875	19,700	19,180	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	5	10	33,620	16,170	17,450	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	320	170	155	585	280	305	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	215	95	120
Official languages	305	160	150	580	280	300	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	215	95	120
English	190	100	90	500	245	250	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	175	85	90
French	300	155	145	505	250	255	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	215	95	120
Non-official languages	125	70	60	190	75	115	971,455	471,755	499,700	55	25	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	70	60	190	75	115	970,710	471,495	499,220	55	25	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	217,295	113,605	103,690	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	205,120	107,210	97,905	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	35	20	20	188,115	98,545	89,565	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	15	0	15	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	15	0	15	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	30	25	100	40	60	514,485	250,190	264,295	30	0	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	30	15	15	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	30	20	60	10	45	324,695	154,360	170,340	30	0	25
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	15	20	0	15	107,285	51,300	55,985	10	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	25	15	10	30	0	30	193,835	91,345	102,490	25	0	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	325	175	150	585	275	310	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	215	95	120
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	15	0	15
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	15	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	325	175	150	580	275	300	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	200	90	105
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	325	175	150	585	275	310	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	215	95	120
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	325	175	150	585	275	310	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	215	95	120
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	180	...	...	330	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
Owner	30	...	...	35	...	...	360,125	...	...	75	...	...
Renter	150	...	...	295	...	...	550,240	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	180	...	...	330	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	55	...	...	192,985	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	175	...	...	280	...	...	717,375	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	180	...	...	330	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	55	...	...	140	...	...	267,715	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	75	...	...	150	...	...	303,875	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	15	...	...	20	...	...	220,945	...	...	0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...	0	...	...	98,090	...	...	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	180	...	...	330	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	110	...	...	265	...	...	501,570	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	35	...	...	45	...	...	166,230	...	...	0	...	...
6 rooms	0	...	...	20	...	...	78,495	...	...	0	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	0	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	70	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.3	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.7	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	180	...	...	330	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
One person or fewer per room	175	...	...	325	...	...	881,730	...	...	75	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	10	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	180	...	...	330	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
Suitable	165	...	...	310	...	...	834,885	...	...	75	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	20	...	...	75,475	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	180	...	...	330	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
1960 or before	90	...	...	160	...	...	325,005	...	...	55	...	...
1961 to 1980	70	...	...	60	...	...	282,605	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	35	...	...	101,185	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	35	...	...	63,765	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	10	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	10	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	15	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	180	...	...	330	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	140	...	...	275	...	...	833,540	...	...	75	...	...
Major repairs needed	40	...	...	55	...	...	76,815	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	180	...	...	330	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
One-maintainer household	110	...	...	210	...	...	543,605	...	...	55	...	...
Two-maintainer household	70	...	...	115	...	...	333,140	...	...	20	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	0	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	180	...	...	330	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	30	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	55	...	...	125	...	...	162,375	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	75	...	...	171,535	...	...	0	...	...
45 to 54 years	25	...	...	30	...	...	155,520	...	...	15	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	35	...	...	156,865	...	...	15	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	30	...	...	122,825	...	...	25	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	0	...	...	70,345	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	180	...	...	325	...	...	902,485	...	...	x	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	125	...	...	240	...	...	686,075	...	...	x	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	55	...	...	90	...	...	216,410	...	...	x	...	...
30% to less than 100%	55	...	...	85	...	...	189,795	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	180	...	...	335	...	...	910,360	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	150	...	...	330,635	...	...	10	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	25	...	...	75	...	...	186,350	...	...	10	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	15	...	...	56,480	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	40	...	...	50,745	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	10	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	105	...	...	180	...	...	579,720	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	180	...	...	320	...	...	875,865	...	...	x	...	...
In core need	35	...	...	40	...	...	87,945	...	...	x	...	...
Not in core need	145	...	...	280	...	...	787,925	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	35	...	...	360,120	...	...	70	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	0.0	...	...	71.4	...	...	60.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	x	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	800	...	...	1,370	...	...	2,720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,300	...	...	1,572	...	...	3,100	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	x	...	...	448,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	4,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	520,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	3,700,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	150	...	...	295	...	...	550,235	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	10.2	...	...	8.4	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.3	...	...	29.3	...	...	28.4	...	...	x	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.3	...	...	14.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	930	...	...	890	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	1,000	...	...	987	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	x	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	325	170	155	585	275	310	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	215	95	120
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	10	0	20	0	20	30,345	13,805	16,540	15	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	10	0	20	0	20	30,095	13,720	16,370	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	20	0	15	27,000	12,340	14,660	15	0	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	315	160	155	565	275	285	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	195	90	110
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	325	170	155	585	275	305	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	215	90	120
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	240	120	115	535	265	270	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	215	90	120
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25	15	10	65	15	50	322,965	164,980	157,985	60	25	35
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	220	105	115	470	250	220	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	155	70	85
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	85	50	35	50	10	35	313,410	160,530	152,885	0	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	325	170	155	585	275	305	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	215	90	120
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	175	85	90	465	225	240	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	190	75	115
Immigrants⁸¹	110	65	45	105	55	50	652,730	313,955	338,770	25	20	0
Before 1980	10	0	0	0	0	0	108,265	50,530	57,735	10	10	0
1980 to 1990	25	15	10	15	15	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	30	10	20	106,810	50,520	56,290	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	15	0	0	35	15	20	154,780	74,520	80,255	0	0	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	55	35	20	20	10	10	213,175	104,225	108,950	0	0	0
2011 to 2015	10	0	10	15	10	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	45	35	15	10	0	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	35	20	20	20	0	20	138,240	75,380	62,860	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	110	60	45	105	50	55	652,725	313,955	338,770	25	20	0
Under 5 years	15	10	0	10	10	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	25	10	15	25	10	10	103,285	51,965	51,320	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,475	53,035	65,440	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	65	40	20	70	30	40	326,320	158,620	167,700	15	10	0
45 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	110	60	45	105	50	55	652,725	313,955	338,770	25	20	0
Americas	25	15	0	30	10	20	137,955	63,465	74,485	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	15	10	0	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	15	0	10	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	55	25	30	30	20	0	158,795	76,610	82,190	15	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	35	20	15	10	10	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	10	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	10	10	10	152,205	77,515	74,690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	25	20	10	35	20	20	202,715	95,775	106,935	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	15	10	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	50	35	0	10	0	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	35	20	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	35	20	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	325	175	155	585	280	305	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	215	95	120
First generation¹⁰⁰	145	85	65	135	55	75	813,905	400,325	413,580	25	20	0
Second generation¹⁰¹	55	20	35	140	50	95	424,225	212,755	211,475	30	10	20
Third generation or more¹⁰²	125	65	55	315	175	140	721,230	352,590	368,630	160	65	95
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	100	60	40	100	50	50	544,455	263,425	281,040	20	15	0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	65	40	30	40	25	15	303,105	155,090	148,020	10	0	0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	30	15	30	15	15	151,015	87,200	63,815	10	0	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	25	10	15	15	10	0	152,090	67,890	84,205	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30	20	10	30	10	25	146,645	59,645	87,000	0	0	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	25	15	15	85,165	44,145	41,025	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	100	60	40	100	50	50	544,455	263,425	281,040	20	15	0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	20	15	10	53,655	28,340	25,310	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	10	10	15	10	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	10	0	10	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	55	30	25	50	15	35	387,815	184,015	203,795	0	0	0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	325	175	155	585	280	310	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	215	95	120
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	90	60	30	180	70	110	737,510	363,785	373,725	0	0	0
South Asian	0	0	0	35	20	15	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	35	25	10	45	20	20	208,805	101,125	107,680	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	35	15	15	151,890	79,375	72,515	0	0	0
Latin American	10	10	0	20	0	20	82,550	40,580	41,970	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	30	15	10	15	0	15	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	235	115	125	400	205	200	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	215	95	120
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	325	170	155	585	280	305	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	210	95	120
Canadian	70	45	25	60	25	30	241,015	115,880	125,135	55	15	35
English	10	0	10	30	10	15	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	40	20	25	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0
Scottish	20	10	10	60	30	25	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	120	60	50	125	55	65	336,880	169,710	167,170	90	40	50
German	10	0	0	25	0	20	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	20	0	15	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	15	50	20	30	156,025	76,485	79,535	0	0	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	10	0	10	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	25	10	15	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	25	15	10	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	10	0	10	45	30	10	108,910	54,650	54,260	20	15	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	10	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	15	10	10	66,400	31,740	34,655	45	20	25
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	10	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	10	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	15	0	10	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	15	15	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	10	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	10	0	10	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	20	0	10	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	10	0	10	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	15	0	15	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	10	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	20	10	10	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	10	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	10	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	10	0	10	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	325	170	150	585	275	310	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	215	95	120
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	135	55	80	250	110	140	969,945	451,410	518,540	160	60	95
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15	0	15	20	10	10	116,635	55,545	61,090	0	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	80	40	40	175	80	95	675,695	314,690	361,010	140	55	90
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	20	0	20	20	0	15	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	15	10	10	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	15	15	0	35	25	15	233,440	121,145	112,290	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	160	100	65	255	115	135	590,140	310,985	279,165	55	30	20
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	315	165	150	585	275	305	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	215	95	120
Non-movers	255	120	135	500	260	235	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	210	95	115
Movers	65	50	15	85	15	70	255,365	129,500	125,865	0	0	0
Non-migrants	60	45	15	60	15	50	186,805	94,745	92,055	0	0	0
Migrants	0	0	0	20	0	20	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	15	0	15	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	10	0	10	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	10	0	10	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	300	155	145	575	280	295	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	195	90	110
Non-movers	115	65	50	245	130	110	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	170	70	100
Movers	190	95	95	330	150	185	821,475	413,250	408,230	30	20	10
Non-migrants	105	35	70	210	105	105	433,700	216,030	217,670	0	0	0
Migrants	85	55	30	120	40	80	387,770	197,215	190,560	25	15	10
Internal migrants	25	20	0	90	35	55	190,035	93,955	96,075	25	15	10
Intraprovincial migrants	25	20	0	55	30	25	159,710	78,770	80,940	15	15	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	35	0	30	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	60	40	25	30	0	25	197,735	103,260	94,485	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	275	140	140	520	260	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	170	80	95
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40	30	10	75	45	35	274,820	136,500	138,320	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	240	105	130	450	215	230	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	170	80	95
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	210	95	110	400	195	205	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	80	30	55
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	25	0	40	25	15	121,295	65,950	55,345	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	185	75	110	365	170	190	975,700	481,690	494,005	80	30	55
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	280	140	140	525	260	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	175	80	95
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	30	10	75	40	35	247,460	120,840	126,625	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	45	30	20	95	45	45	319,755	162,520	157,240	40	25	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	195	80	115	350	170	180	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	135	50	80
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90	35	55	125	70	55	473,060	232,855	240,210	20	0	15
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	10	15	35	20	20	146,170	81,740	64,425	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	0	15	15	0	10	106,110	54,025	52,085	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	30	15	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	25	35	75	40	35	260,845	122,345	138,495	10	0	10
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	15	10	0	66,045	28,760	37,285	10	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	105	45	60	230	100	130	609,855	291,355	318,505	115	45	60
Bachelor's degree	40	15	25	145	60	80	344,605	160,320	184,285	50	20	30
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	0	15	20	10	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	20	0	15	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	35	25	15	40	15	25	159,510	78,325	81,190	40	15	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	15	10	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	20	10	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	210	100	115	400	195	210	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	85	30	50
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	20	0	35	20	20	102,815	55,805	47,015	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25	15	15	60	20	35	162,205	88,420	73,785	0	0	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	160	65	95	305	150	155	831,975	403,420	428,555	85	30	50
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	20	45	105	60	40	333,160	167,260	165,895	0	0	0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	0	20	30	20	10	110,390	60,690	49,700	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	0	20	10	0	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	25	20	10	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35	15	20	55	30	25	174,185	84,745	89,445	0	0	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	15	10	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	95	40	55	205	90	115	498,815	236,155	262,665	80	30	50
Bachelor's degree	30	10	15	130	60	70	276,640	128,890	147,745	35	15	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	10	15	15	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10	0	10	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	40	25	10	35	15	25	137,150	66,720	70,430	30	15	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	15	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	280	135	140	525	260	265	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	175	80	95
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	85	60	25	165	85	80	567,220	283,355	283,860	40	25	15
Education	15	0	15	15	10	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0
13. Education	15	0	15	15	10	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	10	55	20	40	69,210	32,705	36,505	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	10	55	20	40	61,135	27,085	34,045	0	0	0
Humanities	20	10	15	20	0	10	78,920	30,815	48,110	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	20	20	70	25	50	157,220	58,185	99,040	15	15	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20	10	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	15	0	15	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	20	15	0	20	0	15	59,300	29,185	30,110	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	30	10	20	40	25	15	248,895	110,950	137,945	60	20	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	10	20	40	25	15	237,125	108,040	129,090	60	20	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	20	10	10	57,445	29,770	27,670	20	0	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	23,060	9,475	13,585	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	10	20	20	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	15	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	10	10	10	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	10	50	50	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	0	0	0
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	15	15	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	15	15	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	0	15	45	10	40	122,295	30,795	91,495	20	0	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	45	10	35	109,185	24,140	85,045	20	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	10	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	10	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	210	95	110	400	190	205	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	85	35	50
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50	35	15	95	40	50	265,025	144,230	120,800	0	0	0
Education	10	0	10	15	10	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
13. Education	10	0	10	15	10	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	50	20	30	54,840	26,500	28,340	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	50	20	30	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	15	0	10	20	10	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	20	10	65	20	45	121,985	44,105	77,880	0	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20	15	10	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	15	0	15	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	15	0	20	0	15	44,580	21,945	22,635	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	35	10	20	35	20	10	199,525	87,920	111,600	45	20	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	10	20	35	20	10	190,410	85,600	104,810	45	20	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	15	0	10	37,905	19,350	18,560	15	0	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	18,535	7,670	10,860	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	10	20	20	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	10	10	10	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	20	15	10	45	45	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	0	0	0
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	15	15	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	10	10	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10	0	10	35	0	30	92,595	23,265	69,330	0	0	0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	30	0	20	82,410	18,370	64,045	0	0	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	210	95	110	400	190	205	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	85	35	50
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50	35	15	95	40	50	265,025	144,230	120,800	0	0	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	160	60	100	305	150	155	831,975	403,415	428,560	85	35	50
Location of study inside Canada	105	30	75	270	135	135	598,455	286,340	312,115	70	25	45
Same as province or territory of residence	105	30	75	240	125	120	566,540	270,160	296,380	70	25	45
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	30	15	20	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	55	35	25	40	15	25	233,520	117,075	116,445	15	10	0
Americas	0	0	0	15	0	15	41,560	21,015	20,550	10	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	10	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	30	15	15	0	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	30	15	15	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	10	10	0	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	280	140	140	525	260	260	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	175	80	95
In the labour force	195	85	110	400	205	195	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	85	40	45
Employed	170	70	95	325	160	165	971,245	502,885	468,360	85	40	45
Unemployed	25	10	15	75	45	35	110,395	58,460	51,935	0	0	0
Not in the labour force	85	55	30	120	60	65	568,495	246,215	322,280	90	40	50
Participation rate	69.6	60.7	78.6	76.2	78.8	75.0	65.5	69.5	61.8	48.6	50.0	47.4
Employment rate	60.7	50.0	67.9	61.9	61.5	63.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	48.6	50.0	47.4
Unemployment rate	12.8	11.8	13.6	18.8	22.0	17.9	10.2	10.4	10.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	280	135	140	525	255	265	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	175	80	95
Did not work¹⁸⁶	90	60	30	125	75	55	582,470	253,075	329,400	60	20	40
Worked	190	75	110	395	185	210	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	115	65	55
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	65	20	45	145	80	65	529,400	287,950	241,450	70	35	35
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	125	60	65	245	105	145	538,265	266,540	271,725	50	30	20
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.0	34.0	37.2	35.7	39.6	32.2	39.7	40.2	39.3	38.4	36.5	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	190	80	110	400	205	195	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	85	40	45
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	190	80	110	380	190	190	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	85	40	45
Employee	160	55	100	340	170	170	907,745	457,830	449,915	55	20	35
Permanent position	115	45	70	275	150	125	741,830	380,445	361,385	50	15	25
Temporary position	45	15	30	70	25	45	165,915	77,385	88,530	10	0	0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	0	20	25	10	10	69,690	31,285	38,405	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	0	15	45	10	35	96,225	46,100	50,120	0	0	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	20	10	40	15	20	142,380	88,145	54,230	30	20	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	190	80	110	400	205	195	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	85	40	45
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	190	80	110	380	190	190	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	85	40	45
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	15	15	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	20	15	10	110	35	70	207,660	79,975	127,685	25	15	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	0	10	35	30	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	10	0	0
3 Health occupations	10	0	10	20	0	15	85,545	21,700	63,845	15	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	15	30	65	15	50	140,500	46,385	94,115	10	10	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	30	10	15	20	15	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	50	15	35	85	65	25	263,055	135,300	127,750	15	0	15
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15	15	0	25	15	10	109,555	99,115	10,440	0	0	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	15	10	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	190	80	110	400	205	195	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	85	40	45
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	190	80	110	380	190	190	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	85	40	45
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	35	20	10	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	10	10	0	15	10	10	86,535	58,295	28,235	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	10	10	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	10	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	20	10	10	35	20	15	111,555	56,180	55,375	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	10	10	0	0	0	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	15	15	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	25	20	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	15	15	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	0	15	75	25	50	130,405	75,750	54,655	20	15	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	15	10	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	0	0	0
61 Educational services	10	0	10	50	0	45	95,290	34,510	60,780	0	0	0
62 Health care and social assistance	40	0	30	30	0	25	142,545	36,095	106,450	20	0	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	10	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	15	10	10	15	10	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	0	15	20	10	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	10	0	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	10	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	205	90	115	415	195	215	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	120	65	60
English	0	0	0	95	30	60	201,310	110,165	91,150	15	15	0
French	115	50	60	105	60	45	416,430	206,170	210,265	55	25	30
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	75	30	45	200	105	100	473,485	249,700	223,785	45	25	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	10	0	10	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	205	90	115	415	195	215	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	120	65	60
Single responses	185	80	105	365	170	190	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	120	65	60
Official languages	185	80	105	360	170	190	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	120	65	60
English	20	0	10	185	65	120	361,715	194,885	166,835	30	20	10
French	165	75	95	175	110	65	645,885	327,180	318,705	85	45	40
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	0	10	50	25	25	126,180	65,940	60,240	0	0	0
English and French	15	0	10	50	25	25	116,535	60,925	55,605	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	205	90	115	415	195	215	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	120	65	60
None	135	65	75	255	120	135	743,180	381,875	361,305	70	35	40
English	40	15	25	65	45	25	219,885	116,455	103,430	35	20	10
French	20	0	10	85	35	50	149,470	78,495	70,975	15	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	0	10	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	170	75	95	325	160	165	971,245	502,885	468,360	85	40	45
Worked at home	45	15	30	180	80	105	298,820	151,335	147,485	15	10	10
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	30	20	15	30	25	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	15	0	0
Usual place of work	90	35	55	115	55	55	580,035	286,695	293,340	55	25	25
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	90	35	55	115	55	55	580,035	286,695	293,340	55	25	30
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	70	25	45	100	55	40	427,475	202,010	225,465	45	25	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	10	0	10	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	0	10	0	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	125	50	70	145	85	60	669,150	349,485	319,665	70	30	40
Car, truck or van	40	35	0	65	40	25	395,615	229,315	166,300	45	25	20
Car, truck or van - as a driver	40	35	0	60	35	25	365,770	218,475	147,295	45	25	20
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	65	15	50	45	20	20	177,860	74,605	103,260	0	0	0
Walked	10	0	10	30	20	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	125	50	70	145	85	60	669,150	349,485	319,665	70	30	40
Less than 15 minutes	15	10	0	25	15	10	125,240	61,185	64,055	10	10	0
15 to 29 minutes	25	10	25	75	40	35	241,005	129,590	111,420	20	0	0
30 to 44 minutes	50	25	25	25	10	15	176,925	96,710	80,215	40	10	25
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	0	10	10	0	67,635	33,110	34,530	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	20	0	15	10	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	125	50	70	145	85	60	669,150	349,485	319,665	70	30	40
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15	10	10	20	0	15	95,270	56,280	38,990	0	0	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	30	10	15	25	25	0	166,695	79,410	87,280	30	20	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	0	20	35	20	15	149,185	68,865	80,320	35	15	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25	10	10	30	10	20	106,855	50,615	56,240	0	0	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	10	10	25	25	0	112,350	65,830	46,520	0	0	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	50	25	25	80	40	50	371,310	189,920	181,390	65	25	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	25	15	15	109,065	56,315	52,750	10	5	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	30	20	55	20	30	262,245	133,605	128,640	50	20	30
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	30	20	10	65	35	35	264,905	135,505	129,395	55	20	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	20	10	10	82,880	42,755	40,130	10	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15	10	5	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	5	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	5	5	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	5	45	20	25	182,020	92,755	89,270	40	20	25

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...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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