Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661440More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24661623More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	550	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	463	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	327	...	...	976,966	...	...	211	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	303	...	...	910,359	...	...	184	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17,857.1	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	20,577.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.03	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.02	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	550	270	275	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	465	260	200
0 to 14 years	50	25	25	309,765	158,545	151,225	85	45	35
0 to 4 years	10	5	5	99,195	50,760	48,435	25	15	10
5 to 9 years	20	10	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	30	15	20
10 to 14 years	20	5	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	25	20	10
15 to 64 years	460	230	230	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	315	185	125
15 to 19 years	20	10	10	97,525	49,340	48,180	15	5	10
20 to 24 years	60	30	35	140,025	70,895	69,125	30	25	10
25 to 29 years	95	45	55	165,525	83,630	81,895	35	20	10
30 to 34 years	80	40	35	157,725	78,995	78,730	45	20	25
35 to 39 years	65	35	30	149,265	74,115	75,155	45	25	20
40 to 44 years	55	30	25	142,365	70,920	71,445	40	20	10
45 to 49 years	10	5	10	125,505	62,690	62,815	40	25	15
50 to 54 years	35	20	20	121,710	61,735	59,975	30	20	10
55 to 59 years	10	5	10	125,465	63,810	61,655	25	15	10
60 to 64 years	20	15	5	118,065	57,920	60,140	15	10	5
65 years and over	40	20	25	351,325	151,210	200,120	60	25	30
65 to 69 years	15	5	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	15	5	10
70 to 74 years	15	10	0	86,030	39,185	46,845	20	10	10
75 to 79 years	5	0	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	10	5	5
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	46,875	18,960	27,915	10	0	5
85 years and over	10	5	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	10	5	10
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	5	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9.1	9.3	9.1	15.5	16.1	14.8	18.3	17.3	17.5
15 to 64 years	83.6	85.2	83.6	67.0	68.5	65.6	67.7	71.2	62.5
65 years and over	7.3	7.4	9.1	17.5	15.4	19.6	12.9	9.6	15.0
85 years and over	1.8	1.9	1.8	2.8	1.9	3.6	2.2	1.9	5.0
Average age of the population	35.8	35.8	36.0	41.0	39.8	42.1	38.1	37.4	38.8
Median age of the population	32.0	32.4	31.6	39.6	38.4	40.4	36.8	37.6	36.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	45	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	305	...	...	479,885	...	...	135	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	180	...	...
1 person	140	...	...	367,400	...	...	60	...	...
2 persons	110	...	...	271,730	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	118,205	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	98,205	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	550	270	280	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	465	265	200
Average household size	1.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	500	250	255	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	380	215	165
Married or living common-law	210	100	105	822,440	414,330	408,115	195	105	90
Married	60	25	30	577,060	289,455	287,600	160	90	75
Living common-law	145	70	70	245,385	124,870	120,510	35	15	15
Living common law - Never married	145	75	70	207,040	104,785	102,250	30	15	10
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	0	5	0
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	295	150	145	872,060	410,935	461,125	180	110	75
Not married and not living common law - Never married	245	125	120	627,845	333,150	294,700	130	90	40
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	20	15	126,605	46,380	80,225	30	20	5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	0	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	0	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	125	...	...	495,445	...	...	110	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	251,075	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	107,265	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	93,300	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	495,445	...	...	110	...	...
Total couple families	100	...	...	395,645	...	...	85	...	...
Married couples	25	...	...	273,070	...	...	70	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	162,745	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	110,325	...	...	25	...	...
Common-law couples	70	...	...	122,570	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	44,875	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	77,700	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	99,805	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	80,530	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	550	270	280	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	465	265	200
Total - Persons in census families	305	150	155	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	350	180	170
Married spouses or common-law partners	200	95	105	791,280	398,495	392,785	175	90	85
Parents in one-parent families	20	5	20	99,805	19,275	80,525	25	5	20
Children⁶	85	45	40	541,905	284,935	256,965	145	85	65
In a two-parent family	55	30	25	392,250	205,155	187,095	110	60	50
In a one-parent family	30	15	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	40	30	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	245	120	120	526,370	262,915	263,450	120	85	30
Living alone	135	70	70	367,395	175,660	191,740	60	40	20
Living with other relatives⁷	20	5	15	49,280	22,020	27,255	10	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	90	45	40	109,690	65,235	44,455	45	40	10
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	110	...	...	455,970	...	...	90	...	...
Couple-family households	95	...	...	370,250	...	...	70	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	194,165	...	...	45	...	...
Without children	65	...	...	176,085	...	...	25	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	85,720	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	45	...	...	55,210	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	135	...	...	367,395	...	...	60	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	500	250	250	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	375	215	160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	475	235	240	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	360	210	160
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	40,000	40,400	37,600	39,600	36,000	25,200	26,600	24,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	475	235	240	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	360	210	160
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	35,200	35,200	34,000	35,200	32,800	23,800	24,200	22,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	445	215	235	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	270	165	105
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	36,800	33,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	16,000	18,600	7,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	400	195	205	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	230	150	85
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	35,200	33,600	32,800	36,000	29,600	17,200	21,000	9,300
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	185	205	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	345	190	150
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	7,400	6,400	10,800	9,600	12,000	12,300	10,600	17,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65	35	30	171,705	84,570	87,145	55	30	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,680	5,000	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,480	4,760	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	175	95	80	529,640	276,110	253,530	165	100	65
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	9,000	11,700
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	470	230	235	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	370	245	130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	215	225	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	360	235	125
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,200	40,000	48,000	53,250	60,050	46,760	27,800	31,600	20,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	215	225	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	360	235	125
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,000	34,000	40,000	42,520	46,280	38,960	25,100	28,200	19,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	405	180	225	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	265	185	80
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	37,600	43,200	48,960	57,350	40,640	22,800	28,000	10,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	165	210	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	230	170	60
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	35,600	44,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	23,400	28,000	10,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	355	180	175	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	345	220	120
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720	10,200	7,150	12,040	10,900	13,040	11,600	10,000	14,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45	30	20	171,360	84,435	86,925	45	0	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,600	3,800	3,400	6,840	6,065	7,590	5,000	...	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	145	80	65	528,305	276,300	252,005	170	110	60
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	10,400	8,400	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,600	7,900	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	465	230	235	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	245	130
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	145	50	95	514,340	278,505	235,830	75	70	0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	68,000	59,600	60,000	63,600	56,000	39,200	39,200	...
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,000	62,000	59,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	44,000	46,000	...
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	215	105	110	504,455	247,565	256,895	125	75	55
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	16,400	32,800	16,400	17,400	15,500	13,700	19,800	6,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,200	26,400	34,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	16,400	21,000	9,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	78.0	88.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	60.0	70.0	30.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	77.0	68.0	84.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	54.0	63.0	24.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0	21.6	11.6	18.9	14.4	24.4	39.6	29.6	70.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	1.2	0.7	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.4	x	8.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.6	10.4	5.4	6.4	5.9	7.0	16.0	12.8	25.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.0	9.5	4.8	5.7	5.4	6.0	14.4	11.6	22.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	500	250	255	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	380	215	165
Without total income	25	10	15	65,020	32,205	32,820	15	10	5
With total income	475	240	240	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	365	205	155
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	15	138,250	65,670	72,580	45	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	55	30	25	200,450	93,060	107,390	80	50	30
$20,000 to $29,999	75	30	40	286,825	131,235	155,595	100	40	55
$30,000 to $39,999	75	35	35	215,455	102,705	112,755	55	35	20
$40,000 to $49,999	55	25	30	181,505	86,460	95,040	40	25	15
$50,000 to $59,999	45	20	20	138,185	64,805	73,380	20	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	10	0	5
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	15	74,165	37,625	36,540	10	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	15	58,400	30,060	28,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	45	25	20	149,555	92,680	56,875	5	5	0
$100,000 to $149,999	30	15	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	5	5	0
$150,000 and over	15	5	10	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	500	250	255	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	380	215	165
Without after-tax income	25	10	15	64,605	32,005	32,605	15	10	5
With after-tax income	475	240	240	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	365	205	155
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	15	144,275	67,955	76,320	45	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	30	210,975	98,495	112,480	85	55	35
$20,000 to $29,999	90	45	45	334,395	155,845	178,545	105	55	55
$30,000 to $39,999	90	40	50	257,145	124,835	132,315	55	40	20
$40,000 to $49,999	65	35	30	204,980	97,805	107,175	40	15	20
$50,000 to $59,999	50	30	25	139,760	67,315	72,450	15	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	93,705	46,700	47,005	10	5	0
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	15	5	10	73,695	48,025	25,665	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	10	0	5	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	500	250	255	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	380	215	165
Without employment income	105	55	45	495,060	212,405	282,660	145	65	75
With employment income	400	195	205	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	235	145	85
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	20	20	167,560	82,405	85,155	55	25	30
$5,000 to $9,999	40	20	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	35	20	10
$10,000 to $19,999	45	25	20	151,350	72,815	78,530	45	30	15
$20,000 to $29,999	45	20	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	30	25	10
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	35	108,120	55,225	52,890	15	15	0
$40,000 to $49,999	40	15	20	104,250	51,950	52,300	25	15	5
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	10	5	0
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	15	66,190	35,045	31,145	5	0	0
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	10	52,585	28,500	24,080	5	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	31,345	18,120	13,230	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	35	25	15	115,575	74,545	41,030	5	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	20	15	10	47,525	28,870	18,655	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	68,050	45,675	22,375	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	500	250	250	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	375	215	160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	470	230	235	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	355	200	155
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	34,000	33,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	21,200	21,800	19,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	470	230	235	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	355	200	155
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	30,000	31,200	31,000	32,800	29,400	20,600	21,600	19,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	435	210	225	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	255	160	100
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	32,400	32,000	36,000	28,200	20,000	25,800	11,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	185	200	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	225	140	75
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	35,600	34,400	33,600	36,800	30,400	21,600	28,600	14,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	340	155	185	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	315	180	135
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,660	1,450	1,900	4,440	2,760	7,300	4,560	2,560	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	15	15	114,940	56,080	58,855	25	10	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,160	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	470	230	235	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	370	245	130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	420	210	210	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	355	230	125
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	34,800	46,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	23,200	26,200	18,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	420	210	210	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	355	230	125
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	29,400	38,800	39,800	43,800	35,920	21,100	23,400	17,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	170	210	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	260	180	80
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	38,400	42,800	49,080	57,750	40,560	23,600	27,400	15,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	355	150	195	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	210	150	60
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	39,000	42,400	48,720	55,750	41,240	25,600	28,800	17,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	300	165	135	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	310	200	110
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	5,240	4,700	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,100	5,760	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	...	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	465	230	235	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	245	130
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	135	50	85	507,645	274,575	233,070	70	65	0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	44,400	57,200	54,400	58,400	50,400	37,600	37,600	...
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,000	54,000	53,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	46,000	46,000	...
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	185	90	100	462,020	227,495	234,530	100	55	45
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	22,400	22,600	21,800	23,200	20,400	14,600	20,200	12,100
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,600	35,000	36,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	18,400	21,000	15,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.0	88.0	94.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	74.0	82.0	54.0
Employment income (%)	85.0	80.0	88.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	64.0	72.0	48.0
Government transfers (%)	8.8	11.6	6.8	12.8	8.6	18.2	26.4	18.8	46.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	x	...	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	54,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	58,000	...	...	48,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	135	...	...	367,395	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	26,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	24,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	165	...	...	542,960	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	80,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	92,700	...	...	54,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	49,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	367,255	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	30,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	40,640	...	...	26,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	140	...	...	543,100	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	185	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	25,730	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	57,720	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	40,595	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	41,545	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	42,630	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	75,485	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	67,695	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	60,495	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	80	...	...	270,265	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	85,635	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	56,205	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	62,095	...	...	5	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	66,335	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	185	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	27,485	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	63,030	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	49,660	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	48,815	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	47,120	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	85,490	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	75,625	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	65,530	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	45,065	...	...	0	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	197,490	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	78,870	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	45,905	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	72,715	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	130	...	...	501,830	...	...	110	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.5	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	179,195	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	55,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	53,200	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	208,260	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	95,875	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	59,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	225	115	110	477,085	240,895	236,195	105	85	25
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	36,000	35,600	34,400	34,800	34,000	24,800	24,600	26,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	30,800	32,000	31,200	31,200	31,200	23,600	23,600	23,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	115	...	...	501,905	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	59,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	179,455	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	208,375	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	95,455	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	45,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	67,100	...	...	45,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	215	110	105	476,520	240,280	236,245	115	105	10
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	33,000	42,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	30,800	32,000	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	28,400	35,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	27,200	28,400	x
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	550	270	275	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	460	260	200
0 to 17 years	55	25	30	365,020	186,710	178,315	95	50	45
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	120,615	61,615	58,995	40	20	15
18 to 64 years	455	230	225	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	310	180	125
65 years and over	40	15	25	317,425	140,270	177,155	60	25	30
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	105	55	50	321,885	154,370	167,510	140	80	60
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	25	15	15
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	10	5	10
18 to 64 years	90	45	45	197,020	99,310	97,710	85	50	30
65 years and over	10	5	5	70,600	27,185	43,415	30	15	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.8	20.0	18.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	30.4	30.8	30.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	26.0	24.0	28.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	28.0	25.0	30.0
18 to 64 years (%)	20.0	20.0	20.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	28.0	30.0	26.0
65 years and over (%)	20.0	30.0	16.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	52.0	50.0	50.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	550	270	280	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	465	265	200
0 to 17 years	60	30	30	365,025	186,705	178,315	95	55	40
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	120,610	61,615	58,995	35	20	20
18 to 64 years	450	225	225	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	305	185	125
65 years and over	40	15	25	317,425	140,265	177,155	60	30	35
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	80	45	40	213,720	108,905	104,815	90	65	30
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	10	10	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	75	35	35	153,385	81,765	71,620	65	45	20
65 years and over	5	5	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	15.0	15.6	14.4	10.9	11.3	10.6	19.2	23.0	14.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	12.0	16.0	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	12.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	16.0	16.0	17.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	21.0	25.0	14.0
65 years and over (%)	16.0	30.0	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	24.0	25.0	20.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	550	270	275	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	465	260	200
In bottom half of the distribution	335	160	175	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	410	230	180
In bottom decile	110	55	55	298,540	147,890	150,655	115	75	35
In second decile	65	30	30	244,435	115,985	128,450	115	60	55
In third decile	50	20	30	240,895	116,550	124,345	100	45	50
In fourth decile	50	30	20	218,125	105,885	112,240	55	30	25
In fifth decile	55	25	25	194,765	95,185	99,580	30	15	15
In top half of the distribution	220	110	105	762,590	384,140	378,450	55	35	25
In sixth decile	55	30	30	172,200	85,100	87,095	20	15	10
In seventh decile	50	25	25	156,540	78,290	78,250	10	5	10
In eighth decile	35	20	15	144,120	72,600	71,525	0	0	0
In ninth decile	35	15	20	134,265	68,285	65,980	10	10	0
In top decile	40	20	20	155,465	79,870	75,595	0	0	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	550	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	465	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.366	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.272	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.242	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	465	265	200
English only	25	15	10	262,290	133,690	128,600	150	100	55
French only	100	50	50	486,845	221,005	265,840	50	30	20
English and French	420	205	210	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	225	120	100
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	45	15	30
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	465	265	200
English	85	40	45	605,220	303,380	301,835	205	130	80
French	430	215	210	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	125	75	50
English and French	35	10	20	173,785	88,480	85,300	85	45	40
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	45	15	30
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	465	265	200
Single responses	525	255	265	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	435	250	185
Official languages	450	225	225	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	125	75	50
English	55	30	25	322,315	162,085	160,230	55	30	20
French	395	200	200	870,975	428,435	442,540	70	45	25
Non-official languages	75	30	40	643,275	311,525	331,750	305	170	135
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	75	30	40	642,820	311,370	331,445	305	170	135
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	25	15	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	20	20	5
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	20	20	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	35	20	15
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	25	35	329,415	158,980	170,435	225	125	100
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	0	5	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	55	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	135	80	60
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	135	75	60
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	55	30	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	5	5	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	5	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	45	25	25
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	5	5	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	30	183,755	87,295	96,460	25	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	5	0
Portuguese	10	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	40	20	25	85,395	41,150	44,250	20	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	10	5	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	30	15	20
English and French	15	5	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	32,265	15,955	16,310	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	465	265	200
English	40	20	20	340,470	170,050	170,425	60	35	25
French	350	175	175	779,125	383,000	396,125	60	45	15
Non-official language	20	5	10	204,395	96,705	107,690	140	80	60
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	5	10	204,315	96,670	107,645	140	80	60
English and French	75	35	40	173,135	89,205	83,935	30	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	135,390	66,995	68,400	55	35	25
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	180,900	85,935	94,965	35	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	154,470	76,450	78,020	65	30	35
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	465	265	200
Single responses	510	255	255	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	395	230	165
Official languages	475	240	235	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	170	110	60
English	75	35	35	479,850	239,270	240,580	95	55	40
French	400	205	195	956,130	471,155	484,975	80	50	25
Non-official languages	35	15	20	370,290	177,955	192,335	225	120	100
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	20	370,125	177,895	192,235	225	120	100
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	5	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	35	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	15	188,550	90,370	98,185	165	85	75
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	40	20	20
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	110	65	45
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	110	65	45
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	35	25	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	5	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	45	25	20
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	25	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	15	95,835	44,515	51,315	15	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	5	5	5
Portuguese	5	0	5	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	30	10	15	54,335	26,035	28,300	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	10	0	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	10	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	10	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	20	25	173,745	85,640	88,110	65	30	35
English and French	30	15	20	53,305	27,065	26,240	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	39,365	19,140	20,225	20	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	57,355	27,790	29,565	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	25	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	465	265	200
None	440	220	220	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	300	180	120
English	40	20	20	131,630	67,290	64,340	35	15	15
French	25	10	10	126,780	62,180	64,600	30	15	15
Non-official language	15	10	10	144,335	69,210	75,130	50	25	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	144,155	69,135	75,015	50	25	30
English and French	0	0	0	34,410	17,320	17,090	15	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	38,875	19,700	19,180	10	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	33,620	16,170	17,450	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	505	260	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	415	275	140
Official languages	505	260	245	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	375	260	110
English	405	205	200	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	335	245	90
French	485	245	230	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	235	160	75
Non-official languages	165	80	85	971,455	471,755	499,700	340	215	125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	165	80	85	970,710	471,495	499,220	340	215	125
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	217,295	113,605	103,690	55	35	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	205,120	107,210	97,905	55	35	20
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	55	35	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	10	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	50	30	15
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	50	30	15
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	140	70	75	514,485	250,190	264,295	220	135	80
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	55	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	140	90	50
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	140	90	50
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	30	20	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	25	20	10
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	50	30	20
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	60	35	25
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	75	40	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	60	65	324,695	154,360	170,340	30	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	10	107,285	51,300	55,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	105	50	55	193,835	91,345	102,490	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	505	260	250	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	410	275	135
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	10	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	500	255	240	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	410	275	135
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	505	260	250	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	410	275	135
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	505	260	250	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	410	275	135
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
Owner	55	...	...	360,125	...	...	40	...	...
Renter	250	...	...	550,240	...	...	145	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
Condominium	75	...	...	192,985	...	...	25	...	...
Not condominium	230	...	...	717,375	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	135	...	...	267,715	...	...	55	...	...
2 bedrooms	115	...	...	303,875	...	...	95	...	...
3 bedrooms	20	...	...	220,945	...	...	20	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	98,090	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	210	...	...	501,570	...	...	140	...	...
5 rooms	60	...	...	166,230	...	...	20	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	78,495	...	...	20	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	15	...	...	105,210	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.9	...	...	4.7	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
One person or fewer per room	300	...	...	881,730	...	...	160	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
Suitable	300	...	...	834,885	...	...	145	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
1960 or before	165	...	...	325,005	...	...	70	...	...
1961 to 1980	75	...	...	282,605	...	...	70	...	...
1981 to 1990	30	...	...	101,185	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	63,765	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	245	...	...	833,540	...	...	160	...	...
Major repairs needed	55	...	...	76,815	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
One-maintainer household	185	...	...	543,605	...	...	100	...	...
Two-maintainer household	110	...	...	333,140	...	...	75	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
15 to 24 years	35	...	...	40,960	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	110	...	...	162,375	...	...	45	...	...
35 to 44 years	60	...	...	171,535	...	...	20	...	...
45 to 54 years	40	...	...	155,520	...	...	35	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	156,865	...	...	30	...	...
65 to 74 years	40	...	...	122,825	...	...	20	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	70,345	...	...	20	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	295	...	...	902,485	...	...	175	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	190	...	...	686,075	...	...	135	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	105	...	...	216,410	...	...	45	...	...
30% to less than 100%	95	...	...	189,795	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	145	...	...	330,635	...	...	85	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	85	...	...	186,350	...	...	35	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	30	...	...
Major repairs needed only	40	...	...	50,745	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	160	...	...	579,720	...	...	95	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	290	...	...	875,865	...	...	180	...	...
In core need	40	...	...	87,945	...	...	40	...	...
Not in core need	250	...	...	787,925	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	360,120	...	...	40	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	81.8	...	...	60.0	...	...	62.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,390	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,000	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,200	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	840,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	250	...	...	550,235	...	...	145	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.5	...	...	28.4	...	...	31.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	24.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	890	...	...	740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	987	...	...	800	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	510	260	245	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	410	275	135
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	25	15	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	25	15	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	480	245	235	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	410	275	135
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	510	265	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	410	275	135
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	380	195	185	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	305	195	110
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45	30	20	322,965	164,980	157,985	35	30	10
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	335	170	165	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	270	165	105
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	130	65	65	313,410	160,530	152,885	105	80	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	510	265	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	410	275	135
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	335	165	170	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	150	110	35
Immigrants⁸¹	80	35	40	652,730	313,955	338,770	210	120	90
Before 1980	10	10	0	108,265	50,530	57,735	40	25	20
1980 to 1990	20	10	10	69,695	34,150	35,545	20	10	0
1991 to 2000	15	0	10	106,810	50,520	56,290	20	10	20
2001 to 2010	15	0	10	154,780	74,520	80,255	95	55	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	20	10	10	213,175	104,225	108,950	35	30	10
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	15	15	0
2016 to 2021	15	10	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	15	10	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	55	40	138,240	75,380	62,860	50	40	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	75	40	40	652,725	313,955	338,770	210	120	90
Under 5 years	0	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	10	10
5 to 14 years	10	10	0	103,285	51,965	51,320	20	15	0
15 to 24 years	10	0	0	118,475	53,035	65,440	65	30	35
25 to 44 years	55	25	35	326,320	158,620	167,700	110	70	45
45 years and over	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	75	40	40	652,725	313,955	338,770	210	120	90
Americas	25	10	15	137,955	63,465	74,485	25	20	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	30	20	10	158,795	76,610	82,190	35	15	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	25	15	10	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	35	15	20
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10	152,205	77,515	74,690	35	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	20	15	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	15	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	0	202,715	95,775	106,935	110	65	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	10	10	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	40	15	20
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	25	10	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	10	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15	0	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	15	10	0
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	505	260	250	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	415	275	135
First generation¹⁰⁰	180	100	80	813,905	400,325	413,580	260	170	100
Second generation¹⁰¹	95	45	50	424,225	212,755	211,475	95	60	30
Third generation or more¹⁰²	235	115	115	721,230	352,590	368,630	55	45	10
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	65	25	35	544,455	263,425	281,040	165	100	70
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	45	25	25	303,105	155,090	148,020	40	25	15
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	35	20	20	151,015	87,200	63,815	25	20	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10	0	0	152,090	67,890	84,205	10	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	15	0	10	146,645	59,645	87,000	90	45	45
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	25	15	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	15	15	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	65	25	35	544,455	263,425	281,040	165	100	70
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	40	25	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	25	10	20	56,685	26,490	30,195	15	10	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	10	10	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30	20	10	387,815	184,015	203,795	100	50	45
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	505	260	250	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	410	275	135
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	115	70	50	737,510	363,785	373,725	270	180	90
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	185	120	65
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	20	10	10	208,805	101,125	107,680	10	10	0
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	10	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	55	35	20
Latin American	45	20	25	82,550	40,580	41,970	10	10	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	20	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	390	190	200	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	140	90	50
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	505	265	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	410	275	135
Canadian	105	55	45	241,015	115,880	125,135	20	20	0
English	25	0	25	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	50	20	35	102,325	48,885	53,440	10	10	0
Scottish	10	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	215	120	95	336,880	169,710	167,170	35	20	10
German	25	20	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	50	25	25	156,025	76,485	79,535	0	0	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	25	15	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	55	30	20	108,910	54,650	54,260	15	15	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	10	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	10	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	10	10	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	10	0	10	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	15	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	35	25	10	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	45	20	25
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	45	30	15
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	55	30	25
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	50	30	15
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	15	10	10	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	20	15	10
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	10	10	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	10	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	0	10	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	10	0	10	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	15	0	10	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	510	260	250	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	410	275	135
Buddhist	10	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	225	105	125	969,945	451,410	518,540	85	55	30
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	45	30	10	116,635	55,545	61,090	0	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	175	70	105	675,695	314,690	361,010	20	20	0
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	55	25	25
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	80	55	30
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	150	100	50
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	15	10	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	265	150	120	590,140	310,985	279,165	70	40	25
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	505	260	245	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	410	275	135
Non-movers	380	200	180	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	375	245	130
Movers	125	55	70	255,365	129,500	125,865	40	25	10
Non-migrants	65	35	35	186,805	94,745	92,055	30	25	10
Migrants	60	25	35	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	40	20	25	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	30	15	20	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	20	10	10	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	500	255	245	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	410	275	135
Non-movers	200	115	85	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	245	145	95
Movers	300	135	160	821,475	413,250	408,230	160	120	40
Non-migrants	135	55	75	433,700	216,030	217,670	90	65	25
Migrants	165	80	85	387,770	197,215	190,560	75	60	15
Internal migrants	80	30	50	190,035	93,955	96,075	15	10	0
Intraprovincial migrants	65	30	30	159,710	78,770	80,940	15	10	0
Interprovincial migrants	15	0	10	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	85	45	40	197,735	103,260	94,485	60	50	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	465	230	235	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	245	130
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	10	10	274,820	136,500	138,320	100	60	40
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	455	225	225	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	275	180	85
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	335	160	175	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	275	170	100
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15	10	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	70	45	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	320	155	170	975,700	481,690	494,005	205	130	75
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	470	230	235	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	240	130
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	0	10	247,460	120,840	126,625	95	55	35
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	40	20	319,755	162,520	157,240	70	50	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	390	190	200	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	205	135	65
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	85	55	473,060	232,855	240,210	115	70	45
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	30	10	146,170	81,740	64,425	35	25	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	10	10	106,110	54,025	52,085	35	25	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	40	30	260,845	122,345	138,495	65	30	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	10	15	66,045	28,760	37,285	15	15	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	255	105	150	609,855	291,355	318,505	95	65	20
Bachelor's degree	140	55	90	344,605	160,320	184,285	45	40	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	15	25	58,945	27,280	31,665	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	70	35	35	159,510	78,325	81,190	30	20	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	335	165	170	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	275	175	100
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	65	40	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25	10	10	162,205	88,420	73,785	50	35	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	305	150	160	831,975	403,420	428,555	155	100	55
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90	55	35	333,160	167,260	165,895	70	40	30
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	15	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	30	20	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	30	20	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	35	15	174,185	84,745	89,445	30	10	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	15	48,580	21,830	26,755	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	215	90	125	498,815	236,155	262,665	85	65	25
Bachelor's degree	110	45	65	276,640	128,890	147,745	40	35	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	20	30	48,390	21,995	26,395	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	60	30	30	137,150	66,720	70,430	25	10	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	465	230	235	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	370	240	125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	75	45	35	567,220	283,355	283,860	165	105	65
Education	30	0	30	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0
13. Education	30	0	30	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	35	15	69,210	32,705	36,505	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	20	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	15	10	0
Humanities	30	10	15	78,920	30,815	48,110	20	15	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	85	45	35	157,220	58,185	99,040	40	30	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	15	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	15	15	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	15	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	15	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	85	40	45	248,895	110,950	137,945	35	20	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	40	45	237,125	108,040	129,090	35	20	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	10	57,445	29,770	27,670	30	15	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	23,060	9,475	13,585	25	15	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	30	20	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	20	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	30	10	173,380	143,615	29,765	20	15	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	15	10	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	35	122,295	30,795	91,495	10	0	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	30	109,185	24,140	85,045	10	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	335	160	170	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	270	175	100
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35	15	10	265,025	144,230	120,800	120	75	45
Education	25	0	25	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
13. Education	25	0	25	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	25	10	54,840	26,500	28,340	15	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	10	10	48,205	21,870	26,335	15	10	10
Humanities	25	10	15	52,565	20,765	31,805	10	10	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	70	45	25	121,985	44,105	77,880	30	25	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	15	10	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	15	15	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	15	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	15	15	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	65	30	40	199,525	87,920	111,600	25	10	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	30	40	190,410	85,600	104,810	25	10	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	37,905	19,350	18,560	25	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	18,535	7,670	10,860	25	15	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	25	15	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	25	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	0	0	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	0	0	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	0	30	92,595	23,265	69,330	10	0	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	25	82,410	18,370	64,045	10	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	335	160	170	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	270	175	100
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35	15	10	265,025	144,230	120,800	120	75	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	305	145	160	831,975	403,415	428,560	160	100	55
Location of study inside Canada	205	90	115	598,455	286,340	312,115	90	55	30
Same as province or territory of residence	195	90	105	566,540	270,160	296,380	90	55	30
Different than province or territory of residence	15	0	15	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	100	50	45	233,520	117,075	116,445	65	45	20
Americas	15	0	10	41,560	21,015	20,550	20	10	10
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	80	45	30	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	80	45	30	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	20	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	10	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	10	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	25	20	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	10	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	15	15	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	470	230	230	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	240	130
In the labour force	385	175	210	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	225	165	60
Employed	330	135	195	971,245	502,885	468,360	195	150	40
Unemployed	55	40	20	110,395	58,460	51,935	35	15	20
Not in the labour force	80	55	25	568,495	246,215	322,280	145	80	65
Participation rate	81.9	76.1	91.3	65.5	69.5	61.8	60.8	68.8	46.2
Employment rate	70.2	58.7	84.8	58.9	62.3	55.6	52.7	62.5	30.8
Unemployment rate	14.3	22.9	9.5	10.2	10.4	10.0	15.6	9.1	33.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	465	230	235	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	370	240	125
Did not work¹⁸⁶	85	60	25	582,470	253,075	329,400	170	95	70
Worked	380	175	210	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	205	145	60
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	155	65	95	529,400	287,950	241,450	75	65	0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	225	110	115	538,265	266,540	271,725	125	75	50
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.3	36.4	39.8	39.7	40.2	39.3	37.6	38.4	35.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	385	175	205	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	230	160	65
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	370	165	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	215	155	60
Employee	300	130	175	907,745	457,830	449,915	175	125	50
Permanent position	250	110	135	741,830	380,445	361,385	150	95	50
Temporary position	55	15	40	165,915	77,385	88,530	25	25	0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	35	10	25	69,690	31,285	38,405	15	15	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	10	10	96,225	46,100	50,120	10	10	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	70	40	25	142,380	88,145	54,230	40	35	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	385	175	205	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	230	160	65
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	370	165	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	215	155	60
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	70	10	60	207,660	79,975	127,685	10	0	10
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	40	30	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	25	25	0
3 Health occupations	35	0	30	85,545	21,700	63,845	0	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	65	25	45	140,500	46,385	94,115	15	10	0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	45	25	20	61,790	31,615	30,175	20	10	15
6 Sales and service occupations	75	40	35	263,055	135,300	127,750	90	55	35
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	20	20	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	20	20	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	25	25	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	385	175	205	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	230	160	65
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0
All industries¹⁹¹	370	165	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	215	155	60
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	0	10	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	10	10	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	20	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	30	30	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	35	15	20	111,555	56,180	55,375	20	15	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	40	30	10	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	20	10	10	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	65	35	35	130,405	75,750	54,655	15	15	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	0	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	15	0	10
61 Educational services	65	20	45	95,290	34,510	60,780	0	0	0
62 Health care and social assistance	45	10	35	142,545	36,095	106,450	15	15	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15	0	10	23,355	12,045	11,315	10	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	20	15	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	25	20	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	20	15	0
91 Public administration	10	0	10	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	390	175	220	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	225	165	60
English	40	15	25	201,310	110,165	91,150	70	70	0
French	165	70	100	416,430	206,170	210,265	35	20	15
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	165	85	80	473,485	249,700	223,785	110	65	45
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	390	175	220	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	225	165	60
Single responses	325	135	190	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	200	160	35
Official languages	325	135	190	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	195	155	35
English	55	20	35	361,715	194,885	166,835	120	105	10
French	270	120	155	645,885	327,180	318,705	70	45	25
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	35	30	126,180	65,940	60,240	25	0	20
English and French	60	35	30	116,535	60,925	55,605	25	0	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	390	175	220	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	225	165	60
None	265	115	150	743,180	381,875	361,305	135	100	40
English	100	50	45	219,885	116,455	103,430	45	25	10
French	15	0	15	149,470	78,495	70,975	45	35	10
Non-official language	15	0	10	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	10	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	330	135	190	971,245	502,885	468,360	190	150	40
Worked at home	110	70	40	298,820	151,335	147,485	35	30	10
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	25	15	10	89,120	62,795	26,325	25	25	0
Usual place of work	190	50	145	580,035	286,695	293,340	130	100	35
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	190	50	140	580,035	286,695	293,340	130	95	35
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	180	45	135	427,475	202,010	225,465	105	75	25
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	10	10	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	15	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	220	65	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	160	120	35
Car, truck or van	65	40	25	395,615	229,315	166,300	85	65	20
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45	30	15	365,770	218,475	147,295	75	65	10
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	10	10	29,845	10,845	19,005	10	0	0
Public transit	80	20	60	177,860	74,605	103,260	55	45	10
Walked	35	0	35	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	0	0
Bicycle	40	0	35	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	220	65	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	160	120	35
Less than 15 minutes	35	0	30	125,240	61,185	64,055	20	20	0
15 to 29 minutes	100	25	75	241,005	129,590	111,420	50	40	10
30 to 44 minutes	65	35	30	176,925	96,710	80,215	45	40	10
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	67,635	33,110	34,530	30	15	15
60 minutes and over	10	0	10	58,350	28,905	29,445	10	10	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	220	65	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	160	120	35
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20	10	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	10	10	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	60	20	45	166,695	79,410	87,280	15	15	0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	10	50	149,185	68,865	80,320	30	25	0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	50	25	30	106,855	50,615	56,240	35	20	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	0	20	112,350	65,830	46,520	50	45	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	55	30	30	371,310	189,920	181,390	95	55	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	35	30	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	30	30	262,245	133,605	128,640	60	25	30
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	45	20	25	264,905	135,505	129,395	60	35	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	25	25	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	25	25	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	20	182,020	92,755	89,270	40	15	20

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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