Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661321More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662040More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	457	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	949	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	174	...	...	976,966	...	...	529	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	167	...	...	910,359	...	...	513	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	25,109.9	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	14,227.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.02	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.07	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	460	250	205	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	945	450	500
0 to 14 years	85	45	40	309,765	158,545	151,225	115	60	60
0 to 4 years	25	10	10	99,195	50,760	48,435	30	20	10
5 to 9 years	30	15	15	106,985	54,660	52,320	50	15	30
10 to 14 years	30	15	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	40	25	20
15 to 64 years	320	185	140	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	640	320	320
15 to 19 years	35	20	10	97,525	49,340	48,180	55	35	25
20 to 24 years	35	15	15	140,025	70,895	69,125	60	45	15
25 to 29 years	40	30	10	165,525	83,630	81,895	75	40	35
30 to 34 years	25	15	10	157,725	78,995	78,730	80	40	45
35 to 39 years	35	15	15	149,265	74,115	75,155	60	25	30
40 to 44 years	30	10	15	142,365	70,920	71,445	70	30	40
45 to 49 years	40	20	20	125,505	62,690	62,815	55	30	30
50 to 54 years	30	20	15	121,710	61,735	59,975	60	25	35
55 to 59 years	30	15	10	125,465	63,810	61,655	60	30	35
60 to 64 years	25	15	10	118,065	57,920	60,140	65	40	30
65 years and over	50	20	30	351,325	151,210	200,120	190	70	120
65 to 69 years	25	10	15	99,325	46,730	52,595	70	25	45
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	86,030	39,185	46,845	55	20	35
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	45	25	25
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	20	5	15
85 years and over	0	0	0	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	0
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.5	18.0	19.5	15.5	16.1	14.8	12.2	13.3	12.0
15 to 64 years	69.6	74.0	68.3	67.0	68.5	65.6	67.7	71.1	64.0
65 years and over	10.9	8.0	14.6	17.5	15.4	19.6	20.1	15.6	24.0
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.5	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	37.1	35.8	38.6	41.0	39.8	42.1	42.5	40.3	44.5
Median age of the population	36.4	32.4	40.0	39.6	38.4	40.4	42.0	38.0	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	165	...	...	910,360	...	...	515	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	25	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	60	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	165	...	...	479,885	...	...	430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	170	...	...	910,355	...	...	510	...	...
1 person	35	...	...	367,400	...	...	270	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	271,730	...	...	135	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	118,205	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	98,205	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	54,820	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	460	250	205	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	950	450	500
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	370	205	165	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	835	390	440
Married or living common-law	175	90	80	822,440	414,330	408,115	300	140	155
Married	160	85	75	577,060	289,455	287,600	185	85	95
Living common-law	10	5	5	245,385	124,870	120,510	115	60	60
Living common law - Never married	10	5	5	207,040	104,785	102,250	95	50	45
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	20	5	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	195	115	85	872,060	410,935	461,125	530	250	285
Not married and not living common law - Never married	140	95	50	627,845	333,150	294,700	375	210	170
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	30	10	20
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	25	10	20	126,605	46,380	80,225	100	25	75
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	30	10	25
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	120	...	...	495,445	...	...	220	...	...
2 persons	40	...	...	251,075	...	...	120	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	107,265	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	93,300	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	115	...	...	495,445	...	...	220	...	...
Total couple families	75	...	...	395,645	...	...	140	...	...
Married couples	75	...	...	273,070	...	...	85	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	162,745	...	...	45	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	110,325	...	...	40	...	...
Common-law couples	5	...	...	122,570	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	44,875	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	0	...	...	77,700	...	...	30	...	...
Total one-parent families	40	...	...	99,805	...	...	80	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	35	...	...	80,530	...	...	70	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	460	255	205	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	950	450	500
Total - Persons in census families	375	195	180	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	610	290	325
Married spouses or common-law partners	155	80	75	791,280	398,495	392,785	280	140	145
Parents in one-parent families	45	10	30	99,805	19,275	80,525	80	10	70
Children⁶	180	105	70	541,905	284,935	256,965	245	135	110
In a two-parent family	120	65	50	392,250	205,155	187,095	125	65	55
In a one-parent family	60	45	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	120	65	55
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	80	55	25	526,370	262,915	263,450	340	165	175
Living alone	30	20	15	367,395	175,660	191,740	265	120	145
Living with other relatives⁷	15	10	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	25	15	10
Living with non-relatives only	30	25	5	109,690	65,235	44,455	45	30	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	170	...	...	910,360	...	...	510	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	110	...	...	455,970	...	...	205	...	...
Couple-family households	75	...	...	370,250	...	...	135	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	194,165	...	...	65	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	176,085	...	...	65	...	...
One-parent-family households	35	...	...	85,720	...	...	70	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	55,210	...	...	30	...	...
One-person households	30	...	...	367,395	...	...	270	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	370	205	165	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	830	395	440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	345	190	155	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	800	375	420
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,600	26,400	25,400	37,600	39,600	36,000	34,000	34,800	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	345	190	155	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	800	375	420
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,000	24,000	23,600	34,000	35,200	32,800	31,400	31,800	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	240	135	100	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	645	310	340
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	16,600	17,400	14,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	31,400	32,000	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	225	130	90	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	545	270	275
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	16,800	17,400	13,600	32,800	36,000	29,600	34,800	35,200	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	330	175	155	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	705	325	380
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	10,400	16,200	10,800	9,600	12,000	11,900	9,100	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	25	20	171,705	84,570	87,145	100	50	50
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,840	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,440	5,880	4,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	175	95	80	529,640	276,110	253,530	215	110	100
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	9,000	11,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,500	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	390	205	190	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	865	430	435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	360	180	180	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	835	420	415
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,500	27,000	28,000	53,250	60,050	46,760	39,900	39,400	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	360	180	180	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	835	420	415
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,700	24,600	26,800	42,520	46,280	38,960	34,600	33,800	35,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	220	130	90	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	625	340	280
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	21,600	22,400	20,400	48,960	57,350	40,640	37,600	36,200	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	210	130	80	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	495	280	210
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	21,200	22,000	19,600	48,760	55,650	41,480	42,600	39,600	46,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	165	170	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	720	370	355
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	15,450	11,900	19,000	12,040	10,900	13,040	13,280	11,400	15,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35	20	15	171,360	84,435	86,925	100	50	50
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	9,000	3,600	6,840	6,065	7,590	4,500	4,600	4,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	140	70	75	528,305	276,300	252,005	185	115	75
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	9,110	9,140	9,070	10,400	11,600	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	390	200	190	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	865	430	435
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	75	40	30	514,340	278,505	235,830	195	105	95
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	33,200	32,400	x	60,000	63,600	56,000	52,800	52,000	58,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	35,000	32,000	38,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	65,500	65,000	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	110	80	35	504,455	247,565	256,895	230	140	90
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	8,300	16,200	8,300	16,400	17,400	15,500	23,000	17,600	32,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,000	18,000	11,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	30,400	26,400	37,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	48.0	60.0	37.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	71.0	74.5	67.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	45.0	58.0	32.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	63.2	67.0	59.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	52.0	41.0	63.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	29.0	25.4	32.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	3.0	1.2	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.3	1.4	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	16.4	15.6	16.8	6.4	5.9	7.0	7.0	9.0	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	14.4	14.0	15.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	5.8	8.0	3.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	370	205	165	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	835	390	440
Without total income	30	15	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	30	15	20
With total income	345	190	155	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	795	375	420
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	35	15	138,250	65,670	72,580	55	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	65	30	35	200,450	93,060	107,390	120	60	60
$20,000 to $29,999	95	55	40	286,825	131,235	155,595	190	80	105
$30,000 to $39,999	60	35	25	215,455	102,705	112,755	90	40	50
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	20	181,505	86,460	95,040	105	50	55
$50,000 to $59,999	15	5	5	138,185	64,805	73,380	85	40	50
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	10	100,060	48,510	51,550	45	15	30
$70,000 to $79,999	0	0	0	74,165	37,625	36,540	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	58,400	30,060	28,335	20	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	42,240	22,360	19,875	10	0	10
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	149,555	92,680	56,875	40	30	10
$100,000 to $149,999	0	0	0	90,980	53,275	37,705	30	20	10
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	10	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	370	205	165	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	835	390	440
Without after-tax income	30	15	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	30	15	20
With after-tax income	345	190	155	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	795	375	420
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	35	15	144,275	67,955	76,320	55	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	70	35	40	210,975	98,495	112,480	125	65	60
$20,000 to $29,999	110	70	45	334,395	155,845	178,545	205	90	115
$30,000 to $39,999	55	40	20	257,145	124,835	132,315	140	65	75
$40,000 to $49,999	25	10	15	204,980	97,805	107,175	115	55	65
$50,000 to $59,999	10	5	10	139,760	67,315	72,450	65	25	40
$60,000 to $69,999	5	0	5	93,705	46,700	47,005	40	15	25
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	61,765	31,815	29,945	20	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	10	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	10	5	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	15	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	10	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	5	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	370	205	165	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	835	390	440
Without employment income	150	75	75	495,060	212,405	282,660	280	120	160
With employment income	220	135	90	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	550	275	280
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	25	20	167,560	82,405	85,155	85	30	50
$5,000 to $9,999	45	25	15	111,575	52,975	58,595	45	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	35	20	15	151,350	72,815	78,530	70	40	30
$20,000 to $29,999	40	20	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	45	25	20
$30,000 to $39,999	25	20	5	108,120	55,225	52,890	60	30	30
$40,000 to $49,999	15	15	5	104,250	51,950	52,300	80	35	40
$50,000 to $59,999	0	0	0	84,485	42,940	41,540	50	20	25
$60,000 to $69,999	5	5	0	66,190	35,045	31,145	35	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	0	0	0	52,585	28,500	24,080	25	15	5
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	46,000	24,150	21,850	20	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	115,575	74,545	41,030	30	20	10
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	10	10	5
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	15	15	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	370	205	165	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	830	395	440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	180	145	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	785	365	415
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	20,800	20,400	21,400	34,000	36,400	31,800	30,000	30,400	29,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	180	145	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	785	365	415
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	20,600	20,000	21,400	31,000	32,800	29,400	27,800	27,800	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	235	135	100	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	630	295	330
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	19,000	22,800	17,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	32,400	34,000	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	220	135	85	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	530	260	275
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	19,800	22,400	18,000	33,600	36,800	30,400	34,000	35,200	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	300	160	140	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	645	290	360
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	3,140	13,200	4,440	2,760	7,300	8,100	3,040	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	10	10	114,940	56,080	58,855	65	40	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,600	5,160	3,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	390	205	190	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	865	430	435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	330	170	160	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	810	400	415
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,600	23,200	26,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	37,000	35,000	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	330	170	160	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	810	400	415
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	23,000	21,200	25,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	32,100	29,900	34,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	225	130	95	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	595	310	285
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	22,600	24,400	20,000	49,080	57,750	40,560	38,400	36,000	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	215	130	85	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	490	265	225
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	22,600	24,000	20,400	48,720	55,750	41,240	40,400	37,200	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	300	150	150	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	665	320	340
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,100	5,300	14,800	8,250	6,740	9,510	10,840	8,720	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	80	55	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	7,000	7,200	6,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	390	200	190	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	865	430	435
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	75	40	30	507,645	274,575	233,070	195	105	95
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	29,800	27,400	x	54,400	58,400	50,400	51,600	45,600	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	33,000	32,000	36,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	60,800	59,000	63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	100	70	30	462,020	227,495	234,530	190	110	80
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	22,600	x	21,800	23,200	20,400	28,200	21,000	42,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	23,000	15,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	33,600	28,000	40,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	63.0	80.0	46.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	76.0	80.0	73.0
Employment income (%)	60.0	80.0	42.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	66.0	70.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)	37.5	19.5	54.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	24.0	20.2	27.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	...	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.9	2.8	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	170	...	...	910,355	...	...	510	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	66,000	...	...	51,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	58,000	...	...	45,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	30	...	...	367,395	...	...	270	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	21,200	...	...	38,000	...	...	34,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	21,200	...	...	34,000	...	...	31,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	135	...	...	542,960	...	...	245	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	92,000	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	80,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	185	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	92,700	...	...	62,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	74,100	...	...	54,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	367,255	...	...	280	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	22,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	42,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	20,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	155	...	...	543,100	...	...	250	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	165	...	...	910,355	...	...	510	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	25,730	...	...	25	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	57,720	...	...	85	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	40,595	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	41,545	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	42,630	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	40,980	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	75,485	...	...	60	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	67,695	...	...	35	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	60,495	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	54,055	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	0	...	...	45,830	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	25	...	...	270,265	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	85,635	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	0	...	...	56,205	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	0	...	...	62,095	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	66,335	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	165	...	...	910,355	...	...	510	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	27,485	...	...	25	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	63,030	...	...	85	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	48,815	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	51,055	...	...	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	50,890	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	47,120	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	85,490	...	...	55	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	75,625	...	...	45	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	65,530	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	54,850	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	45,065	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	15	...	...	197,490	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	78,870	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	0	...	...	45,905	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 and over	0	...	...	72,715	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	125	...	...	501,830	...	...	225	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	94,000	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	82,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	179,195	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	88,000	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	208,260	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	102,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	95,875	...	...	80	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	65,500	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	65	50	15	477,085	240,895	236,195	320	150	165
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	22,000	21,800	x	34,400	34,800	34,000	33,200	34,000	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	21,600	21,600	x	31,200	31,200	31,200	29,800	30,000	29,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	155	...	...	501,905	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	59,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	55,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	179,455	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	208,375	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	95,455	...	...	80	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	50	40	0	476,520	240,280	236,245	360	190	170
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	22,000	22,000	x	45,520	46,520	44,560	38,200	36,000	40,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	21,000	20,000	x	37,600	37,920	37,280	33,000	31,200	35,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	455	250	205	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	945	450	500
0 to 17 years	110	60	50	365,020	186,710	178,315	150	75	75
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	40	25	15
18 to 64 years	300	170	125	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	605	300	305
65 years and over	50	20	30	317,425	140,270	177,155	190	70	120
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	125	65	50	321,885	154,370	167,510	230	100	130
0 to 17 years	30	20	10	54,265	27,870	26,395	30	10	20
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	70	45	30	197,020	99,310	97,710	100	55	50
65 years and over	25	10	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	95	35	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	26.4	27.0	26.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	24.0	22.4	25.6
0 to 17 years (%)	26.0	28.0	24.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	20.0	14.0	24.0
0 to 5 years (%)	36.0	50.0	25.0	15.6	15.5	15.6	10.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	23.0	24.0	22.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	16.8	18.0	15.6
65 years and over (%)	44.0	40.0	50.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	50.0	48.0	52.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	460	255	205	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	950	450	500
0 to 17 years	110	55	50	365,025	186,705	178,315	155	75	75
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	120,610	61,615	58,995	35	20	15
18 to 64 years	300	175	125	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	605	300	305
65 years and over	50	25	25	317,425	140,265	177,155	190	75	115
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	85	55	35	213,720	108,905	104,815	145	65	80
0 to 17 years	20	15	10	29,585	15,165	14,425	20	5	15
0 to 5 years	10	10	5	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	55	35	20	153,385	81,765	71,620	80	40	40
65 years and over	10	5	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	45	15	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	18.4	21.0	16.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	15.2	14.8	15.6
0 to 17 years (%)	19.0	24.0	16.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	12.0	10.0	14.0
0 to 5 years (%)	36.0	50.0	25.0	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	18.5	20.0	16.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	13.2	14.4	12.0
65 years and over (%)	16.0	20.0	16.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	24.0	20.0	26.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	460	250	205	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	950	450	500
In bottom half of the distribution	415	230	185	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	700	320	380
In bottom decile	125	75	55	298,540	147,890	150,655	220	90	130
In second decile	80	40	40	244,435	115,985	128,450	120	65	55
In third decile	95	55	40	240,895	116,550	124,345	130	60	70
In fourth decile	75	35	40	218,125	105,885	112,240	115	55	60
In fifth decile	40	20	15	194,765	95,185	99,580	120	45	70
In top half of the distribution	40	25	20	762,590	384,140	378,450	250	130	120
In sixth decile	25	15	15	172,200	85,100	87,095	80	35	40
In seventh decile	0	0	0	156,540	78,290	78,250	45	25	25
In eighth decile	5	0	0	144,120	72,600	71,525	60	30	25
In ninth decile	0	0	0	134,265	68,285	65,980	25	15	10
In top decile	0	0	0	155,465	79,870	75,595	40	25	15
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	460	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	950	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.246	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.337	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.524	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.516	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.226	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	455	255	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	950	450	500
English only	185	90	90	262,290	133,690	128,600	30	10	15
French only	80	50	30	486,845	221,005	265,840	425	185	240
English and French	170	100	75	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	485	245	235
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	45,860	18,340	27,520	15	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	455	255	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	950	450	500
English	255	135	120	605,220	303,380	301,835	65	35	30
French	130	75	50	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	795	365	430
English and French	60	35	20	173,785	88,480	85,300	70	40	30
Neither English nor French	20	10	10	44,430	17,640	26,790	15	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	455	255	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	950	450	500
Single responses	380	205	175	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	900	420	485
Official languages	135	70	65	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	600	275	325
English	90	45	45	322,315	162,085	160,230	30	20	5
French	40	25	20	870,975	428,435	442,540	575	255	315
Non-official languages	250	140	110	643,275	311,525	331,750	300	145	160
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	245	140	115	642,820	311,370	331,445	300	145	160
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	30	20	129,195	68,395	60,805	60	40	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	20	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	15	10	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	30	15	112,200	59,320	52,880	35	25	15
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	45	30	15	107,605	56,960	50,645	35	25	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	10	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	50	25	25	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	15	5	10
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	5	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	10	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	10	20	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	25	5	15	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	25	30	329,415	158,980	170,435	205	90	115
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	20	5	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	20	5	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	5	0	5
Russian	5	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	10	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	20	25	68,600	36,145	32,455	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	45	20	25	48,035	25,870	22,165	10	0	10
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	5	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	5	15	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	5	0	5
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	183,755	87,295	96,460	170	80	90
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	10	10	5
Romanian	5	0	5	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	0	85,395	41,150	44,250	155	70	80
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	25	5	13,775	6,870	6,905	15	5	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	1,270	650	620	5	0	5
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	10	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	10	10	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	5	10	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	5	5	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	5	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	45	30	143,450	71,980	71,470	45	30	15
English and French	15	10	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	15	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	32,265	15,955	16,310	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	25	20	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	455	255	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	950	450	500
English	90	50	45	340,470	170,050	170,425	25	20	10
French	35	15	15	779,125	383,000	396,125	535	245	290
Non-official language	95	50	35	204,395	96,705	107,690	95	40	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	95	50	35	204,315	96,670	107,645	95	40	50
English and French	20	15	10	173,135	89,205	83,935	55	25	25
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	135,390	66,995	68,400	20	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	55	35	15	180,900	85,935	94,965	160	80	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	154,470	76,450	78,020	55	35	25
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	455	255	205	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	950	450	500
Single responses	380	205	170	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	865	405	460
Official languages	195	100	90	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	680	320	370
English	130	65	65	479,850	239,270	240,580	50	25	20
French	60	35	25	956,130	471,155	484,975	635	290	345
Non-official languages	180	110	80	370,290	177,955	192,335	185	85	95
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	110	75	370,125	177,895	192,235	185	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	66,095	34,080	32,015	25	20	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	10	58,585	30,100	28,490	15	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	35	20	10	56,520	29,075	27,445	15	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	20	20	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	5	0	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	15	5	5	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	25	188,550	90,370	98,185	135	60	75
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	15	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	15	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	50,680	26,200	24,485	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	95,835	44,515	51,315	120	55	65
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	5	5	0
Romanian	5	5	5	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	54,335	26,035	28,300	110	50	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	10	5	5
Chinese languages	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	80	45	35	173,745	85,640	88,110	80	45	35
English and French	10	5	0	53,305	27,065	26,240	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	45	30	20	39,365	19,140	20,225	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	57,355	27,790	29,565	50	30	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	460	250	205	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	950	450	500
None	270	145	120	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	725	335	385
English	55	30	20	131,630	67,290	64,340	45	25	25
French	45	30	10	126,780	62,180	64,600	65	35	30
Non-official language	55	25	30	144,335	69,210	75,130	65	30	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	55	25	30	144,155	69,135	75,015	65	30	35
English and French	10	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	15	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	515	270	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	955	495	465
Official languages	475	255	225	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	935	485	455
English	360	200	160	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	450	245	200
French	280	160	125	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	925	470	450
Non-official languages	375	210	165	971,455	471,755	499,700	435	235	200
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	375	210	165	970,710	471,495	499,220	435	235	200
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	70	40	217,295	113,605	103,690	85	50	35
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	30	30	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	25	25	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	70	40	205,120	107,210	97,905	65	35	35
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	110	70	40	188,115	98,545	89,565	65	35	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	30	45	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	75	30	45	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	55	30	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	10	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	55	30	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	45	20	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	35	10	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	25	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	20	30	514,485	250,190	264,295	280	155	125
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	20	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	20	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	15	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	10	30	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	35	10	30	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	15	0	10	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	324,695	154,360	170,340	270	145	120
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	107,285	51,300	55,985	20	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	35	20	15
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	193,835	91,345	102,490	225	120	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	30	10	33,295	16,860	16,435	20	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	10	10	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	10	10	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	20	0	10
Chinese languages	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	20	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	20	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	515	275	240	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	955	495	465
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	515	275	240	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	950	495	460
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	515	275	240	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	955	495	465
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	515	275	240	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	955	495	465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	185	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
Owner	0	...	...	360,125	...	...	115	...	...
Renter	180	...	...	550,240	...	...	415	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	185	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	192,985	...	...	120	...	...
Not condominium	175	...	...	717,375	...	...	410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	185	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	40	...	...	267,715	...	...	140	...	...
2 bedrooms	135	...	...	303,875	...	...	225	...	...
3 bedrooms	0	...	...	220,945	...	...	90	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	98,090	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	185	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	155	...	...	501,570	...	...	360	...	...
5 rooms	20	...	...	166,230	...	...	105	...	...
6 rooms	0	...	...	78,495	...	...	50	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.8	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	185	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
One person or fewer per room	150	...	...	881,730	...	...	530	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	185	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
Suitable	115	...	...	834,885	...	...	515	...	...
Not suitable	70	...	...	75,475	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	185	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
1960 or before	65	...	...	325,005	...	...	75	...	...
1961 to 1980	70	...	...	282,605	...	...	90	...	...
1981 to 1990	20	...	...	101,185	...	...	260	...	...
1991 to 2000	25	...	...	63,765	...	...	55	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	45	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	10	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	185	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	150	...	...	833,540	...	...	465	...	...
Major repairs needed	35	...	...	76,815	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	185	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
One-maintainer household	120	...	...	543,605	...	...	370	...	...
Two-maintainer household	55	...	...	333,140	...	...	150	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	33,620	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	185	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	25	...	...
25 to 34 years	20	...	...	162,375	...	...	75	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	171,535	...	...	85	...	...
45 to 54 years	60	...	...	155,520	...	...	70	...	...
55 to 64 years	30	...	...	156,865	...	...	105	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	122,825	...	...	110	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	70,345	...	...	55	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	180	...	...	902,485	...	...	530	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	686,075	...	...	435	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	40	...	...	216,410	...	...	95	...	...
30% to less than 100%	30	...	...	189,795	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	180	...	...	910,360	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	330,635	...	...	150	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	25	...	...	186,350	...	...	75	...	...
Not suitable only	40	...	...	56,480	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	50,745	...	...	45	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	75	...	...	579,720	...	...	380	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	180	...	...	875,865	...	...	515	...	...
In core need	40	...	...	87,945	...	...	70	...	...
Not in core need	140	...	...	787,925	...	...	445	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	360,120	...	...	115	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	...	...	...	60.0	...	...	56.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	17.4	...	...	17.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,140	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	...	...	...	544,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	...	...	...	638,000	...	...	420,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	180	...	...	550,235	...	...	415	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.3	...	...	8.4	...	...	26.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.2	...	...	28.4	...	...	18.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.9	...	...	14.6	...	...	17.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	780	...	...	890	...	...	745	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	770	...	...	987	...	...	756	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	515	270	245	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	955	490	460
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	10	0	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	10	0	10
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	15	10	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	15	10	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	515	270	245	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	930	480	450
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	515	270	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	955	490	460
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	370	170	195	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	865	420	450
Canadian citizens aged under 18	135	75	65	322,965	164,980	157,985	120	75	40
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	230	100	135	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	745	340	405
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	145	95	45	313,410	160,530	152,885	90	75	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	515	270	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	955	490	460
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	185	95	90	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	630	300	335
Immigrants⁸¹	270	130	135	652,730	313,955	338,770	280	160	120
Before 1980	20	0	20	108,265	50,530	57,735	55	20	35
1980 to 1990	30	20	15	69,695	34,150	35,545	30	20	15
1991 to 2000	50	15	30	106,810	50,520	56,290	70	35	35
2001 to 2010	40	10	30	154,780	74,520	80,255	60	45	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	130	85	45	213,175	104,225	108,950	65	45	20
2011 to 2015	95	55	40	99,070	48,005	51,065	45	30	15
2016 to 2021	40	30	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	20	20	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	65	45	20	138,240	75,380	62,860	40	35	10
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	270	130	135	652,725	313,955	338,770	280	160	115
Under 5 years	15	15	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	10	0
5 to 14 years	15	15	0	103,285	51,965	51,320	50	40	10
15 to 24 years	55	35	20	118,475	53,035	65,440	35	15	20
25 to 44 years	150	55	90	326,320	158,620	167,700	160	85	70
45 years and over	25	15	15	51,660	23,520	28,140	25	10	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	270	130	135	652,725	313,955	338,770	280	160	115
Americas	25	0	20	137,955	63,465	74,485	150	75	70
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	15	15	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	15	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	35	15	20
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	20	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	33,410	15,245	18,160	55	30	20
Europe	0	0	0	158,795	76,610	82,190	60	40	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	15	0	10
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	20	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	70	40	30	152,205	77,515	74,690	60	45	20
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	40	20	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	35	15	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	170	85	85	202,715	95,775	106,935	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	75	45	30	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	50	20	35	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	15	0	10	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	30	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	25	20	0
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	10	10	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	30	25	10	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	515	275	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	955	495	465
First generation¹⁰⁰	340	180	155	813,905	400,325	413,580	340	200	140
Second generation¹⁰¹	135	75	55	424,225	212,755	211,475	100	50	50
Third generation or more¹⁰²	45	15	30	721,230	352,590	368,630	520	245	275
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	250	135	120	544,455	263,425	281,040	225	140	85
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	110	55	50	303,105	155,090	148,020	75	55	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	40	15	25	151,015	87,200	63,815	40	30	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	70	45	25	152,090	67,890	84,205	30	25	10
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	90	40	50	146,645	59,645	87,000	95	65	35
Refugees¹⁰⁸	45	30	15	85,165	44,145	41,025	55	20	35
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	250	135	120	544,455	263,425	281,040	225	140	85
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	25	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	45	25	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	35	0	25	56,685	26,490	30,195	20	15	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	15	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	175	95	75	387,815	184,015	203,795	140	90	55
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	515	275	240	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	955	495	465
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	500	265	240	737,510	363,785	373,725	300	165	140
South Asian	50	15	30	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	115	60	55	208,805	101,125	107,680	80	50	30
Filipino	90	65	25	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	105	55	50	151,890	79,375	72,515	45	20	25
Latin American	15	10	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	145	70	75
Southeast Asian	90	40	45	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	45	15	30	19,790	9,660	10,125	10	0	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15	10	0	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	655	330	325
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	515	270	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	955	495	460
Canadian	0	0	0	241,015	115,880	125,135	210	105	115
English	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	15	10	0
Irish	0	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	35	15	20
Scottish	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	20	0	20
French, n.o.s.¹²²	0	0	0	336,880	169,710	167,170	220	85	140
German	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	25	10	10
Chinese	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	156,025	76,485	79,535	50	25	20
Indian (India)	15	0	10	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	90	45	45
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	70	50	20	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	20	15	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	10	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	15	10	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	25	15	10
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	30	15	15
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	10	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	20	10	10	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	75	30	45	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	15	10	56,950	30,125	26,830	20	10	15
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	10	10	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	50	20	30
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	15	10	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	10	0	10
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	20	15	10
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	35	25	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	15	0	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	15	40	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	30	10	15
Congolese	10	10	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	40	20	20
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	40	30	10
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	25	15	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	10	0	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	515	270	240	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	955	490	465
Buddhist	45	15	35	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	245	130	110	969,945	451,410	518,540	495	225	265
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	70	20	50	116,635	55,545	61,090	30	20	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	130	85	45	675,695	314,690	361,010	425	190	235
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	20	10	10
Hindu	15	0	10	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	165	90	70	233,440	121,145	112,290	95	60	35
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	15	0	10
No religion and secular perspectives	40	35	10	590,140	310,985	279,165	345	195	150
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	505	260	245	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	940	475	460
Non-movers	450	225	225	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	850	420	435
Movers	55	40	20	255,365	129,500	125,865	85	60	25
Non-migrants	55	30	20	186,805	94,745	92,055	80	60	25
Migrants	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	10	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	10	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	10	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	465	250	215	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	920	465	460
Non-movers	200	105	95	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	505	225	285
Movers	265	145	130	821,475	413,250	408,230	415	240	175
Non-migrants	165	60	105	433,700	216,030	217,670	290	155	135
Migrants	110	85	25	387,770	197,215	190,560	120	80	45
Internal migrants	15	15	0	190,035	93,955	96,075	60	35	25
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	159,710	78,770	80,940	50	30	20
Interprovincial migrants	15	15	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	10	0	0
External migrants	90	65	25	197,735	103,260	94,485	65	45	20
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	390	205	190	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	865	430	435
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	110	50	55	274,820	136,500	138,320	205	95	110
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	285	150	130	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	660	335	325
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	260	140	120	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	535	280	255
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	20	40	121,295	65,950	55,345	65	40	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	200	120	75	975,700	481,690	494,005	470	240	230
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	390	205	185	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	865	425	435
No certificate, diploma or degree	105	45	60	247,460	120,840	126,625	185	70	115
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	130	70	60	319,755	162,520	157,240	155	70	90
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	155	85	75	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	520	290	235
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	35	35	473,060	232,855	240,210	300	170	130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	0	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	135	95	40
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	100	60	35
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	40	35	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	30	30	260,845	122,345	138,495	120	55	60
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	66,045	28,760	37,285	50	25	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	90	50	40	609,855	291,355	318,505	220	115	110
Bachelor's degree	50	30	15	344,605	160,320	184,285	140	90	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	15	10	58,945	27,280	31,665	25	0	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	10	10	0
Master's degree	20	10	15	159,510	78,325	81,190	30	0	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	15	0	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	260	140	120	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	535	275	260
No certificate, diploma or degree	60	20	45	102,815	55,805	47,015	50	25	30
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	75	55	20	162,205	88,420	73,785	75	35	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130	65	60	831,975	403,420	428,555	410	220	190
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	50	30	25	333,160	167,260	165,895	210	120	90
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	100	65	35
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	75	45	35
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	30	20	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	25	25	174,185	84,745	89,445	70	40	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	35	15	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	75	40	30	498,815	236,155	262,665	200	95	105
Bachelor's degree	35	25	15	276,640	128,890	147,745	130	75	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	15	0	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	25	10	10	137,150	66,720	70,430	35	10	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	15	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	390	200	190	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	865	425	440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	235	115	115	567,220	283,355	283,860	345	140	200
Education	0	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	40	0	35
13. Education	0	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	40	0	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	45	35	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	25	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	20	10	10
Humanities	0	0	0	78,920	30,815	48,110	30	10	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	30	0	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	10	157,220	58,185	99,040	55	15	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	15	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	15	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	50	20	30	248,895	110,950	137,945	145	70	75
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	20	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	20	30	237,125	108,040	129,090	120	65	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	40	25	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	25	15	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	15	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	90	80	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	25	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	20	20	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	10	0	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	10	0	10
Health and related fields	30	15	10	122,295	30,795	91,495	45	25	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	15	10	109,185	24,140	85,045	45	20	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	20	10	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	15	10	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	265	140	120	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	535	275	255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	135	75	65	265,025	144,230	120,800	125	60	65
Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	30	10	20
13. Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	30	10	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	25	25	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	10	0	0
Humanities	0	0	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	20	0	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	15	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	0	121,985	44,105	77,880	55	15	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	15	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	40	20	30	199,525	87,920	111,600	115	50	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	20	30	190,410	85,600	104,810	100	50	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	40	25	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	25	15	15
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	15	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	65	55	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	20	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	20	20	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	15	10	92,595	23,265	69,330	35	20	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	15	10	82,410	18,370	64,045	35	20	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	15	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	265	140	120	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	535	275	255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	135	75	65	265,025	144,230	120,800	125	60	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	125	70	55	831,975	403,415	428,560	405	215	190
Location of study inside Canada	30	30	0	598,455	286,340	312,115	305	150	155
Same as province or territory of residence	15	15	0	566,540	270,160	296,380	305	150	155
Different than province or territory of residence	10	10	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	100	40	55	233,520	117,075	116,445	100	65	35
Americas	0	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	35	25	10
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	10	0	10
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	10	10	0
Europe	0	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	25	15	15
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	15	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	30	15	20	50,645	26,790	23,860	40	30	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	25	25	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	15	11,115	6,080	5,030	10	0	0
Asia	65	30	35	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	40	20	20	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	10	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	10	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	390	205	190	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	865	425	435
In the labour force	190	130	65	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	450	265	185
Employed	180	130	55	971,245	502,885	468,360	400	225	175
Unemployed	10	0	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	45	40	10
Not in the labour force	200	70	125	568,495	246,215	322,280	415	165	250
Participation rate	48.7	63.4	34.2	65.5	69.5	61.8	52.0	62.4	42.5
Employment rate	46.2	63.4	28.9	58.9	62.3	55.6	46.2	52.9	40.2
Unemployment rate	5.3	0.0	15.4	10.2	10.4	10.0	10.0	15.1	5.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	390	200	190	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	865	425	440
Did not work¹⁸⁶	200	75	125	582,470	253,075	329,400	435	185	255
Worked	190	125	65	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	430	245	185
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	80	45	35	529,400	287,950	241,450	195	100	95
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	115	80	30	538,265	266,540	271,725	230	145	90
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.4	34.4	41.0	39.7	40.2	39.3	40.0	38.8	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	195	130	65	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	445	260	185
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	20	15	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	185	130	55	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	425	250	175
Employee	165	115	50	907,745	457,830	449,915	390	225	165
Permanent position	145	100	45	741,830	380,445	361,385	340	190	155
Temporary position	20	10	10	165,915	77,385	88,530	50	35	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	40	35	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	10	10	96,225	46,100	50,120	0	0	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	25	20	0	142,380	88,145	54,230	35	25	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	195	130	65	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	445	260	185
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	20	15	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	185	130	55	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	425	250	175
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10	0	0	207,660	79,975	127,685	70	25	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	40	30	10
3 Health occupations	20	0	10	85,545	21,700	63,845	25	10	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15	15	0	140,500	46,385	94,115	80	20	55
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	30	20	0
6 Sales and service occupations	90	55	35	263,055	135,300	127,750	125	80	45
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	30	30	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	45	45	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	15	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	15	15	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	195	130	65	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	445	260	185
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	20	15	10
All industries¹⁹¹	185	130	55	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	425	250	175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	35	30	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	40	35	10
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	20	10	10	111,555	56,180	55,375	35	25	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	25	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	15	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	10	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	35	15	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	0	0	0	130,405	75,750	54,655	55	25	25
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	0	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	25	20	10
61 Educational services	0	0	0	95,290	34,510	60,780	40	15	30
62 Health care and social assistance	25	20	0	142,545	36,095	106,450	75	30	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	35	20	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	25	25	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	10	0	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	25	0	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	200	135	70	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	475	275	205
English	75	45	30	201,310	110,165	91,150	10	0	10
French	40	35	0	416,430	206,170	210,265	310	185	125
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	65	40	25	473,485	249,700	223,785	115	60	50
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	30	20	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	200	135	70	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	475	275	205
Single responses	180	110	65	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	445	255	190
Official languages	180	110	65	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	445	255	190
English	100	60	40	361,715	194,885	166,835	40	15	20
French	75	50	20	645,885	327,180	318,705	405	235	165
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	25	0	126,180	65,940	60,240	35	20	15
English and French	20	15	0	116,535	60,925	55,605	30	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	200	135	70	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	475	275	205
None	135	100	40	743,180	381,875	361,305	350	200	145
English	30	15	15	219,885	116,455	103,430	70	40	30
French	15	0	10	149,470	78,495	70,975	25	15	10
Non-official language	15	10	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	15	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	15	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	20	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	180	125	50	971,245	502,885	468,360	400	225	175
Worked at home	10	0	0	298,820	151,335	147,485	80	35	40
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	35	30	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	50	35	20
Usual place of work	140	95	45	580,035	286,695	293,340	265	155	110
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	140	95	45	580,035	286,695	293,340	265	155	110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	120	85	35	427,475	202,010	225,465	205	110	100
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	10	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	45	40	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	170	120	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	320	185	130
Car, truck or van	85	85	0	395,615	229,315	166,300	145	90	55
Car, truck or van - as a driver	80	75	0	365,770	218,475	147,295	130	80	55
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	10	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	15	10	0
Public transit	50	20	35	177,860	74,605	103,260	130	80	45
Walked	30	15	15	61,160	26,300	34,860	25	0	20
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	10	10	0
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	170	120	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	320	185	130
Less than 15 minutes	30	20	10	125,240	61,185	64,055	50	25	25
15 to 29 minutes	80	70	15	241,005	129,590	111,420	105	65	45
30 to 44 minutes	40	30	10	176,925	96,710	80,215	95	50	50
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	67,635	33,110	34,530	30	20	10
60 minutes and over	10	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	35	30	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	170	120	50	669,150	349,485	319,665	320	185	130
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	25	25	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	10	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	50	25	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	50	30	20	166,695	79,410	87,280	80	40	45
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	15	15	0	149,185	68,865	80,320	70	35	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45	20	25	106,855	50,615	56,240	40	30	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	35	0	112,350	65,830	46,520	50	40	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	110	55	50	371,310	189,920	181,390	150	80	80
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	25	25	109,065	56,315	52,750	20	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	35	25	262,245	133,605	128,640	135	65	70
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	80	45	35	264,905	135,505	129,395	125	60	65
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	20	82,880	42,755	40,130	15	10	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	35	20	15	67,535	34,945	32,590	10	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	20	182,020	92,755	89,270	110	50	60

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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