Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661224More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24663001More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,286	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	364	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	833	...	...	976,966	...	...	117	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	774	...	...	910,359	...	...	117	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,677.4	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	2,921.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.35	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.12	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,285	580	710	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	365	185	180
0 to 14 years	105	45	60	309,765	158,545	151,225	35	15	20
0 to 4 years	40	20	15	99,195	50,760	48,435	10	5	5
5 to 9 years	35	15	20	106,985	54,660	52,320	15	5	10
10 to 14 years	30	10	20	103,590	53,120	50,470	15	10	0
15 to 64 years	755	365	395	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	240	120	125
15 to 19 years	15	10	5	97,525	49,340	48,180	30	15	15
20 to 24 years	45	20	20	140,025	70,895	69,125	30	15	15
25 to 29 years	35	15	20	165,525	83,630	81,895	30	15	20
30 to 34 years	65	30	35	157,725	78,995	78,730	15	10	10
35 to 39 years	75	35	40	149,265	74,115	75,155	10	5	5
40 to 44 years	90	45	45	142,365	70,920	71,445	10	5	5
45 to 49 years	100	45	55	125,505	62,690	62,815	20	10	10
50 to 54 years	100	50	55	121,710	61,735	59,975	25	10	15
55 to 59 years	120	70	50	125,465	63,810	61,655	45	25	15
60 to 64 years	115	60	60	118,065	57,920	60,140	25	10	15
65 years and over	420	170	250	351,325	151,210	200,120	85	45	40
65 to 69 years	115	45	70	99,325	46,730	52,595	20	10	10
70 to 74 years	105	45	65	86,030	39,185	46,845	25	15	10
75 to 79 years	115	45	70	63,215	27,320	35,895	25	10	10
80 to 84 years	60	20	35	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	0	5
85 years and over	35	20	20	55,885	19,015	36,870	15	10	5
85 to 89 years	20	15	10	33,210	12,200	21,010	10	5	5
90 to 94 years	10	5	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8.2	7.8	8.5	15.5	16.1	14.8	9.6	8.1	11.1
15 to 64 years	58.8	62.9	55.6	67.0	68.5	65.6	65.8	64.9	69.4
65 years and over	32.7	29.3	35.2	17.5	15.4	19.6	23.3	24.3	22.2
85 years and over	2.7	3.4	2.8	2.8	1.9	3.6	4.1	5.4	2.8
Average age of the population	52.5	52.1	53.0	41.0	39.8	42.1	45.9	46.2	45.4
Median age of the population	55.6	55.2	56.4	39.6	38.4	40.4	50.0	51.2	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	775	...	...	910,360	...	...	115	...	...
Single-detached house	45	...	...	100,615	...	...	115	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	30	...	...	479,885	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	675	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	775	...	...	910,355	...	...	120	...	...
1 person	395	...	...	367,400	...	...	10	...	...
2 persons	295	...	...	271,730	...	...	40	...	...
3 persons	50	...	...	118,205	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	98,205	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	54,820	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,285	580	710	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	365	185	180
Average household size	1.7	...	...	2.2	...	...	3.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,185	535	645	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	330	165	165
Married or living common-law	655	340	315	822,440	414,330	408,115	195	100	95
Married	445	230	220	577,060	289,455	287,600	175	85	85
Living common-law	205	110	95	245,385	124,870	120,510	20	10	10
Living common law - Never married	135	65	65	207,040	104,785	102,250	10	5	5
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	65	35	30	32,295	16,915	15,380	0	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	10	5	5	2,855	1,335	1,520	5	5	0
Not married and not living common-law	525	200	330	872,060	410,935	461,125	135	65	65
Not married and not living common law - Never married	285	120	165	627,845	333,150	294,700	105	55	50
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	5	10	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	155	60	100	126,605	46,380	80,225	10	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	65	15	55	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	0	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	375	...	...	495,445	...	...	110	...	...
2 persons	290	...	...	251,075	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	50	...	...	107,265	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	93,300	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.3	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.4	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	375	...	...	495,445	...	...	110	...	...
Total couple families	325	...	...	395,645	...	...	95	...	...
Married couples	225	...	...	273,070	...	...	85	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	162,745	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	160	...	...	110,325	...	...	35	...	...
Common-law couples	105	...	...	122,570	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	44,875	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	90	...	...	77,700	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	50	...	...	99,805	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	35	...	...	80,530	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,290	580	705	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	365	185	180
Total - Persons in census families	870	425	445	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	340	170	170
Married spouses or common-law partners	650	335	315	791,280	398,495	392,785	195	100	100
Parents in one-parent families	50	15	40	99,805	19,275	80,525	15	5	15
Children⁶	170	75	95	541,905	284,935	256,965	130	70	60
In a two-parent family	110	50	65	392,250	205,155	187,095	110	55	55
In a one-parent family	55	30	30	149,655	79,785	69,865	20	15	10
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	415	155	260	526,370	262,915	263,450	25	15	10
Living alone	390	145	250	367,395	175,660	191,740	10	5	5
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	5	5	0
Living with non-relatives only	15	10	5	109,690	65,235	44,455	10	10	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	770	...	...	910,360	...	...	120	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	365	...	...	455,970	...	...	95	...	...
Couple-family households	320	...	...	370,250	...	...	80	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	194,165	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	245	...	...	176,085	...	...	30	...	...
One-parent-family households	50	...	...	85,720	...	...	10	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	55,210	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	390	...	...	367,395	...	...	5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,180	535	645	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	330	165	160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,160	530	630	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	310	155	160
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,000	76,500	52,400	37,600	39,600	36,000	38,400	43,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,160	530	630	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	310	155	160
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	62,000	44,400	34,000	35,200	32,800	34,400	37,200	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,095	510	590	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	285	145	140
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,800	72,000	44,000	31,000	35,200	27,000	30,200	34,800	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	770	390	385	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	220	110	105
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,000	73,500	55,200	32,800	36,000	29,600	30,600	33,200	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	815	340	480	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	265	130	135
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,700	13,500	13,800	10,800	9,600	12,000	12,400	13,000	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65	25	40	171,705	84,570	87,145	40	15	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,680	6,000	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,840	x	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	235	110	125	529,640	276,110	253,530	110	55	50
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	8,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,750	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,175	575	595	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	365	185	175
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,150	560	590	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	330	170	165
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	103,600	122,800	85,200	53,250	60,050	46,760	44,600	48,000	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,150	560	590	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	330	170	165
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	76,200	89,600	63,600	42,520	46,280	38,960	37,800	40,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,080	530	555	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	320	155	160
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	100,400	121,600	80,400	48,960	57,350	40,640	35,600	40,000	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	760	400	360	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	230	125	105
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	98,800	106,400	90,400	48,760	55,650	41,480	37,600	35,500	39,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	810	380	435	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	295	145	150
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,840	12,480	13,200	12,040	10,900	13,040	11,800	11,600	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85	40	50	171,360	84,435	86,925	25	20	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	9,500	8,400	6,840	6,065	7,590	5,200	5,000	...
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	210	110	95	528,305	276,300	252,005	135	75	60
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	7,600	10,600	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,800	10,000	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,175	580	600	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	360	190	175
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	340	185	160	514,340	278,505	235,830	120	55	60
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	106,000	109,000	102,000	60,000	63,600	56,000	57,200	62,400	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	148,500	148,000	148,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	55,000	54,000	56,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	295	160	145	504,455	247,565	256,895	80	50	30
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,600	58,400	14,700	16,400	17,400	15,500	7,350	9,600	4,240
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	74,000	88,000	59,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	15,200	14,000	17,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	91.2	93.0	89.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	77.0	80.0	74.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.0	62.0	64.5	66.8	71.0	61.3	58.0	56.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.8	6.9	11.4	18.9	14.4	24.4	23.2	21.0	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.5	0.8	1.4	1.1	1.7	0.7	1.0	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	1.8	1.4	2.3	6.4	5.9	7.0	9.4	9.6	8.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	1.6	1.2	2.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	8.8	9.0	8.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,185	535	645	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	330	165	165
Without total income	20	5	15	65,020	32,205	32,820	20	10	5
With total income	1,160	530	630	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	315	155	155
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60	25	35	138,250	65,670	72,580	15	10	5
$10,000 to $19,999	95	30	70	200,450	93,060	107,390	45	20	25
$20,000 to $29,999	125	40	85	286,825	131,235	155,595	50	20	30
$30,000 to $39,999	95	40	60	215,455	102,705	112,755	50	15	30
$40,000 to $49,999	90	25	60	181,505	86,460	95,040	35	20	15
$50,000 to $59,999	85	40	45	138,185	64,805	73,380	25	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	80	40	40	100,060	48,510	51,550	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	75	40	35	74,165	37,625	36,540	25	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	65	30	35	58,400	30,060	28,335	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	50	25	25	42,240	22,360	19,875	5	5	5
$100,000 and over	335	195	140	149,555	92,680	56,875	25	15	5
$100,000 to $149,999	175	85	85	90,980	53,275	37,705	20	15	5
$150,000 and over	160	110	50	58,575	39,405	19,170	5	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,185	535	645	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	330	165	165
Without after-tax income	20	5	15	64,605	32,005	32,605	20	10	5
With after-tax income	1,160	530	630	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	315	155	155
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80	25	50	144,275	67,955	76,320	20	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	95	30	65	210,975	98,495	112,480	50	25	30
$20,000 to $29,999	150	50	100	334,395	155,845	178,545	65	30	35
$30,000 to $39,999	120	50	75	257,145	124,835	132,315	45	20	25
$40,000 to $49,999	120	50	70	204,980	97,805	107,175	50	25	30
$50,000 to $59,999	120	55	60	139,760	67,315	72,450	30	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	95	50	45	93,705	46,700	47,005	20	5	15
$70,000 to $79,999	75	40	35	61,765	31,815	29,945	10	5	5
$80,000 to $89,999	60	25	35	38,975	21,640	17,335	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	45	25	25	25,855	14,955	10,900	5	10	0
$100,000 and over	200	135	70	73,695	48,025	25,665	5	5	0
$100,000 to $124,999	95	55	40	33,165	20,265	12,905	5	5	0
$125,000 and over	110	80	30	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,185	535	645	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	330	165	165
Without employment income	410	150	265	495,060	212,405	282,660	110	55	60
With employment income	770	385	385	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	215	110	110
Under $5,000 (including loss)	130	65	65	167,560	82,405	85,155	35	20	20
$5,000 to $9,999	45	20	30	111,575	52,975	58,595	30	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	55	25	30	151,350	72,815	78,530	20	10	15
$20,000 to $29,999	35	15	20	116,030	56,295	59,730	20	10	15
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	20	5	10
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	25	104,250	51,950	52,300	20	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	20	84,485	42,940	41,540	15	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	40	15	20	66,190	35,045	31,145	20	10	5
$70,000 to $79,999	45	30	20	52,585	28,500	24,080	10	0	5
$80,000 to $89,999	35	15	20	46,000	24,150	21,850	10	0	10
$90,000 to $99,999	40	20	20	31,345	18,120	13,230	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	245	140	100	115,575	74,545	41,030	15	15	0
$100,000 to $124,999	70	30	45	47,525	28,870	18,655	10	10	0
$125,000 and over	175	110	60	68,050	45,675	22,375	10	10	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,180	535	645	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	330	165	160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,135	520	615	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	310	155	155
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,600	75,500	51,200	34,000	36,400	31,800	36,000	38,800	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,135	520	615	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	310	155	155
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,000	61,200	43,600	31,000	32,800	29,400	32,000	32,800	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,090	505	580	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	285	145	140
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,600	70,500	45,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	32,800	35,200	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	780	390	390	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	220	110	110
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,400	68,500	53,200	33,600	36,800	30,400	33,600	32,400	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	740	295	445	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	245	120	125
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,700	9,100	10,000	4,440	2,760	7,300	7,000	4,400	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	15	25	114,940	56,080	58,855	15	10	10
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	x	9,800	5,120	4,600	5,760	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,175	575	595	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	365	185	175
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,125	555	570	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	325	170	160
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	101,200	130,000	73,600	50,000	57,050	43,280	41,000	44,000	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,125	555	570	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	325	170	160
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,800	84,000	54,200	39,800	43,800	35,920	35,800	38,000	33,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,080	535	540	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	310	155	160
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	98,400	127,600	69,600	49,080	57,750	40,560	35,600	41,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	765	400	370	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	230	120	115
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	104,000	135,500	70,400	48,720	55,750	41,240	39,200	42,000	36,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	705	305	400	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	280	145	140
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,680	10,900	10,520	8,250	6,740	9,510	8,000	7,900	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50	25	30	114,595	55,675	58,915	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	6,000	12,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	...	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,175	580	600	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	360	190	175
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	345	185	160	507,645	274,575	233,070	110	50	60
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	95,000	103,000	87,000	54,400	58,400	50,400	52,800	63,200	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	157,000	194,000	114,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	54,000	60,000	50,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	275	140	140	462,020	227,495	234,530	80	45	30
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	54,800	69,000	23,400	21,800	23,200	20,400	10,600	11,800	7,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	85,000	120,000	51,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	21,000	19,500	22,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.2	95.0	90.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	84.0	84.0	80.0
Employment income (%)	70.4	75.0	62.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	67.0	66.0	68.0
Government transfers (%)	6.6	4.7	9.9	12.8	8.6	18.2	16.8	15.2	18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.2	0.8	1.1	0.8	1.6	x	x	...
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	775	...	...	910,355	...	...	120	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	58,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	390	...	...	367,395	...	...	5	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	38,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	34,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	385	...	...	542,960	...	...	110	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	415	...	...	367,255	...	...	20	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	112,800	...	...	49,760	...	...	40,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...	40,640	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	375	...	...	543,100	...	...	110	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	196,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	775	...	...	910,355	...	...	115	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	25,730	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	57,720	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	35	...	...	41,160	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	40,595	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	41,545	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	42,630	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	40,980	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	55	...	...	75,485	...	...	0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35	...	...	67,695	...	...	5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	50	...	...	60,495	...	...	0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	55	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	40	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	375	...	...	270,265	...	...	70	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	85	...	...	85,635	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	75	...	...	56,205	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	75	...	...	62,095	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	145	...	...	66,335	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	775	...	...	910,355	...	...	115	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	27,485	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	63,030	...	...	0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	40	...	...	49,660	...	...	0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	48,815	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	51,055	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	50,890	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	47,120	...	...	0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	70	...	...	85,490	...	...	5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	55	...	...	75,625	...	...	5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	60	...	...	65,530	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	60	...	...	54,850	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	40	...	...	45,065	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	285	...	...	197,490	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	100	...	...	78,870	...	...	20	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	55	...	...	45,905	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	130	...	...	72,715	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	380	...	...	501,830	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.3	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	245	...	...	179,195	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	208,260	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	95,875	...	...	10	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	405	150	255	477,085	240,895	236,195	15	10	10
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	70,500	85,000	58,800	34,400	34,800	34,000	x	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,000	65,000	48,400	31,200	31,200	31,200	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	365	...	...	501,905	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	199,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	245	...	...	179,455	...	...	30	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	208,375	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	350,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	240,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	95,455	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	170,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	425	185	240	476,520	240,280	236,245	30	20	0
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	109,600	147,000	82,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	52,000	45,000	x
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,800	105,000	62,400	37,600	37,920	37,280	44,000	40,000	x
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,285	580	710	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	360	185	180
0 to 17 years	115	45	65	365,020	186,710	178,315	50	25	25
0 to 5 years	45	25	25	120,615	61,615	58,995	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	750	360	390	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	225	110	115
65 years and over	425	170	250	317,425	140,270	177,155	85	45	40
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130	45	90	321,885	154,370	167,510	15	5	10
0 to 17 years	15	10	10	54,265	27,870	26,395	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	70	20	45	197,020	99,310	97,710	5	0	5
65 years and over	45	10	30	70,600	27,185	43,415	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.2	7.2	12.6	16.4	16.0	16.9	4.0	3.0	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	16.0	14.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	6.0	12.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	2.5	x	4.0
65 years and over (%)	10.8	8.0	13.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	6.0	x	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,290	580	705	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	365	185	185
0 to 17 years	110	45	65	365,025	186,705	178,315	55	30	25
0 to 5 years	45	20	20	120,610	61,615	58,995	10	5	10
18 to 64 years	750	360	385	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	225	110	115
65 years and over	425	175	255	317,425	140,265	177,155	85	45	40
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	75	30	50	213,720	108,905	104,815	10	5	5
0 to 17 years	15	5	10	29,585	15,165	14,425	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	40	15	25	153,385	81,765	71,620	10	5	5
65 years and over	20	5	15	30,745	11,975	18,775	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	4.4	7.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	3.2	2.5	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.0	10.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	4.0	6.8	12.0	12.8	11.2	4.0	x	4.0
65 years and over (%)	4.8	3.0	6.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,285	580	710	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	365	185	180
In bottom half of the distribution	455	170	280	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	145	80	70
In bottom decile	105	35	65	298,540	147,890	150,655	15	10	10
In second decile	100	40	65	244,435	115,985	128,450	20	10	10
In third decile	60	25	30	240,895	116,550	124,345	25	15	10
In fourth decile	80	30	45	218,125	105,885	112,240	40	25	20
In fifth decile	115	45	75	194,765	95,185	99,580	45	25	20
In top half of the distribution	825	405	425	762,590	384,140	378,450	220	100	115
In sixth decile	85	35	55	172,200	85,100	87,095	40	20	20
In seventh decile	110	55	60	156,540	78,290	78,250	30	15	15
In eighth decile	150	65	80	144,120	72,600	71,525	70	35	35
In ninth decile	165	75	90	134,265	68,285	65,980	60	25	35
In top decile	315	175	140	155,465	79,870	75,595	20	10	5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,290	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	365	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.417	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.248	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.487	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.352	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.364	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.213	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.2	...	...	4.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,290	580	705	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	365	185	185
English only	135	60	75	262,290	133,690	128,600	95	45	45
French only	155	60	95	486,845	221,005	265,840	20	10	10
English and French	985	455	535	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	245	125	120
Neither English nor French	15	10	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	5	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,290	580	705	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	365	185	185
English	300	130	170	605,220	303,380	301,835	210	110	100
French	835	370	460	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	90	45	40
English and French	140	65	70	173,785	88,480	85,300	55	30	30
Neither English nor French	15	10	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	5	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,290	580	705	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	365	185	185
Single responses	1,205	540	665	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	335	170	170
Official languages	865	380	485	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	165	90	75
English	125	50	75	322,315	162,085	160,230	105	60	50
French	735	330	410	870,975	428,435	442,540	60	30	30
Non-official languages	345	160	180	643,275	311,525	331,750	175	80	90
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	345	160	180	642,820	311,370	331,445	175	80	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25	129,195	68,395	60,805	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	112,200	59,320	52,880	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	55	30	25	107,605	56,960	50,645	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5	24,640	11,340	13,300	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	5	5	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	15	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	220	105	125	329,415	158,980	170,435	95	45	50
Albanian	5	0	5	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	5	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	25	30	37,235	16,405	20,835	25	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	25	30	36,800	16,245	20,555	25	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5	7,520	3,215	4,300	10	5	5
Russian	40	15	25	17,695	7,755	9,935	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	5	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	5	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	70	30	40	68,600	36,145	32,455	45	15	25
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	40	15	20
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	10	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	10	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	65	25	40	20,550	10,275	10,275	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	65	25	40	18,950	9,395	9,555	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	55	25	30	16,025	7,945	8,080	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	40	45	183,755	87,295	96,460	15	10	5
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	0	5
Portuguese	5	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	10	5	0
Romanian	15	5	10	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	50	30	25	85,395	41,150	44,250	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	5	5	5
Korean	5	5	5	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	20	57,075	26,030	31,035	5	5	0
Chinese languages	30	15	20	56,890	25,955	30,935	5	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10	37,985	17,270	20,715	10	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	5	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	5	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	35	40	143,450	71,980	71,470	25	15	10
English and French	30	15	15	42,695	21,750	20,940	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	0	47,185	23,615	23,570	10	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,290	580	705	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	365	185	185
English	135	60	75	340,470	170,050	170,425	115	65	50
French	635	290	350	779,125	383,000	396,125	50	25	20
Non-official language	100	45	60	204,395	96,705	107,690	30	10	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	100	45	60	204,315	96,670	107,645	30	10	20
English and French	140	70	75	173,135	89,205	83,935	15	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	135,390	66,995	68,400	60	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	180,900	85,935	94,965	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	50	70	154,470	76,450	78,020	80	40	35
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	10	5	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,290	580	705	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	365	185	185
Single responses	1,190	540	645	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	325	165	160
Official languages	990	450	540	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	230	120	110
English	240	115	120	479,850	239,270	240,580	160	85	75
French	755	335	420	956,130	471,155	484,975	65	35	35
Non-official languages	195	90	105	370,290	177,955	192,335	90	45	50
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	195	90	105	370,125	177,895	192,235	90	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	15	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	15	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	135	60	75	188,550	90,370	98,185	55	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	25	21,410	9,870	11,540	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	15	25	21,300	9,830	11,475	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	5	0	5
Russian	25	10	20	12,475	5,775	6,700	5	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	55	25	30	50,680	26,200	24,485	30	10	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	25	10	15
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	10	5	5
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	10	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	25	30	15,075	7,345	7,730	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	55	25	30	13,990	6,770	7,220	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	50	20	30	12,080	5,855	6,225	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	5	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	20	95,835	44,515	51,315	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	10	5	0
Romanian	5	5	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	30	10	15	54,335	26,035	28,300	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	5	5	5
Korean	5	5	5	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	43,570	20,275	23,295	5	0	0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	43,475	20,230	23,240	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	5	30,855	14,425	16,430	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	100	40	65	173,745	85,640	88,110	40	15	20
English and French	45	20	30	53,305	27,065	26,240	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	25	5	15	39,365	19,140	20,225	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,285	580	705	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	365	185	180
None	945	420	525	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	215	110	105
English	105	50	55	131,630	67,290	64,340	35	15	20
French	55	30	25	126,780	62,180	64,600	20	10	10
Non-official language	80	35	45	144,335	69,210	75,130	35	15	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	80	35	45	144,155	69,135	75,015	35	15	20
English and French	30	20	10	34,410	17,320	17,090	25	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	38,875	19,700	19,180	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	33,620	16,170	17,450	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	5	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,280	640	635	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	385	195	185
Official languages	1,260	625	630	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	385	195	185
English	1,100	540	560	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	330	175	155
French	1,150	590	555	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	280	140	140
Non-official languages	490	250	240	971,455	471,755	499,700	305	150	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	490	250	240	970,710	471,495	499,220	305	150	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	60	45	217,295	113,605	103,690	90	40	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	100	60	45	205,120	107,210	97,905	90	40	45
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	100	60	45	188,115	98,545	89,565	90	40	45
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	10	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	35	10	20
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	330	165	170	514,485	250,190	264,295	165	80	85
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	35	20	50,700	23,530	27,165	55	25	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	35	20	50,190	23,320	26,870	55	25	30
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	35	10	15
Russian	40	25	15	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	20	10	10	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	20	10	10	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	20	40	91,140	48,390	42,750	40	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	30	15	20
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	30	15	20
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	30	15	20
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	65	20	40	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	65	20	40	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	60	20	35	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	105	95	324,695	154,360	170,340	65	35	35
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	65	35	25	107,285	51,300	55,985	15	15	0
Portuguese	20	15	10	31,125	15,545	15,585	15	15	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	130	70	65	193,835	91,345	102,490	50	25	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	15	30	68,485	31,760	36,720	15	15	0
Chinese languages	40	15	30	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	0	20	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	35	25	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	35	20	10	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,280	645	640	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	380	195	185
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	10	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,270	635	630	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	380	195	185
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,280	645	640	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	380	195	185
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,280	645	640	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	380	195	185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
Owner	575	...	...	360,125	...	...	125	...	...
Renter	210	...	...	550,240	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
Condominium	670	...	...	192,985	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	110	...	...	717,375	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	275	...	...	267,715	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	425	...	...	303,875	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	75	...	...	220,945	...	...	35	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	98,090	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	540	...	...	501,570	...	...	20	...	...
5 rooms	145	...	...	166,230	...	...	10	...	...
6 rooms	75	...	...	78,495	...	...	15	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	58,850	...	...	30	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	55	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.1	...	...	4.7	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
One person or fewer per room	765	...	...	881,730	...	...	125	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
Suitable	760	...	...	834,885	...	...	120	...	...
Not suitable	30	...	...	75,475	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	325,005	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	20	...	...	282,605	...	...	120	...	...
1981 to 1990	215	...	...	101,185	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	130	...	...	63,765	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	225	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	80	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	100	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	15	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	755	...	...	833,540	...	...	130	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	76,815	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
One-maintainer household	560	...	...	543,605	...	...	40	...	...
Two-maintainer household	220	...	...	333,140	...	...	70	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	33,620	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	125	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	50	...	...	162,375	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	85	...	...	171,535	...	...	10	...	...
45 to 54 years	180	...	...	155,520	...	...	20	...	...
55 to 64 years	150	...	...	156,865	...	...	50	...	...
65 to 74 years	165	...	...	122,825	...	...	15	...	...
75 to 84 years	130	...	...	70,345	...	...	30	...	...
85 years and over	20	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	780	...	...	902,485	...	...	130	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	610	...	...	686,075	...	...	120	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	170	...	...	216,410	...	...	0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	135	...	...	189,795	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	785	...	...	910,360	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	205	...	...	330,635	...	...	20	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	150	...	...	186,350	...	...	0	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	56,480	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	50,745	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	580	...	...	579,720	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	745	...	...	875,865	...	...	125	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	730	...	...	787,925	...	...	125	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	575	...	...	360,120	...	...	125	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.3	...	...	60.0	...	...	56.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,220	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,730	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,300	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	558,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	530,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	210	...	...	550,235	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.9	...	...	28.4	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...	890	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	987	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,280	640	640	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	380	195	190
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	25	15	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	25	15	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	15	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,255	625	630	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	380	195	190
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,275	640	640	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	380	195	190
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,160	585	580	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	355	175	180
Canadian citizens aged under 18	110	65	45	322,965	164,980	157,985	50	25	20
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,045	515	535	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	305	150	155
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	120	60	60	313,410	160,530	152,885	25	20	10
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,275	640	640	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	380	195	190
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	905	445	460	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	140	55	85
Immigrants⁸¹	340	185	155	652,730	313,955	338,770	250	140	105
Before 1980	50	35	20	108,265	50,530	57,735	90	65	25
1980 to 1990	45	30	15	69,695	34,150	35,545	10	10	0
1991 to 2000	50	25	30	106,810	50,520	56,290	55	20	30
2001 to 2010	110	55	60	154,780	74,520	80,255	80	40	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	75	40	30	213,175	104,225	108,950	0	0	0
2011 to 2015	15	15	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	55	25	30	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	35	10	25	138,240	75,380	62,860	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	340	185	155	652,725	313,955	338,770	245	140	105
Under 5 years	15	15	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	30	20	0
5 to 14 years	30	20	10	103,285	51,965	51,320	55	45	15
15 to 24 years	45	30	10	118,475	53,035	65,440	25	15	15
25 to 44 years	210	100	105	326,320	158,620	167,700	125	60	65
45 years and over	45	15	25	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	340	185	155	652,725	313,955	338,770	245	140	105
Americas	50	25	25	137,955	63,465	74,485	50	35	10
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	15	0	15	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	20	15	0
Europe	125	80	50	158,795	76,610	82,190	60	30	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	45	30	10	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	10	10	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	15	10	10
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	10	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	10	10	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	45	30	20	152,205	77,515	74,690	50	25	20
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	30	20	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	10	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	30	20	15	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	110	45	65	202,715	95,775	106,935	85	45	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	55	25	35	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	15	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	30	10	20
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	25	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	55	30	30	114,110	56,220	57,885	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	35	15	20	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	15	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	15	10	10	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,280	640	635	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	385	195	185
First generation¹⁰⁰	400	200	200	813,905	400,325	413,580	255	140	110
Second generation¹⁰¹	170	95	70	424,225	212,755	211,475	100	40	60
Third generation or more¹⁰²	710	345	365	721,230	352,590	368,630	30	10	20
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	285	150	135	544,455	263,425	281,040	155	80	80
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	210	110	100	303,105	155,090	148,020	110	60	50
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	110	60	50	151,015	87,200	63,815	40	25	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	100	50	50	152,090	67,890	84,205	75	35	40
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	65	30	35	146,645	59,645	87,000	25	0	20
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	10	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	20	10	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	285	150	135	544,455	263,425	281,040	155	80	80
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	25	15	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50	20	25	56,685	26,490	30,195	25	0	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	10	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	10	10	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	195	100	100	387,815	184,015	203,795	95	50	45
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,280	645	640	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	385	195	185
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	175	70	105	737,510	363,785	373,725	215	110	105
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	70	25	45
Chinese	50	20	25	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	0	0	0	208,805	101,125	107,680	30	20	10
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	45	15	30	151,890	79,375	72,515	50	25	30
Latin American	20	15	10	82,550	40,580	41,970	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	30	10	20	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	10	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,105	565	530	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	165	85	85
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,280	640	640	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	380	190	190
Canadian	225	110	115	241,015	115,880	125,135	30	15	15
English	50	15	30	59,710	30,025	29,685	15	15	0
Irish	95	50	40	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0
Scottish	50	25	25	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	470	255	215	336,880	169,710	167,170	0	0	0
German	30	0	25	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	50	15	35	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	95	40	55	156,025	76,485	79,535	30	15	10
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	30	10	20
Ukrainian	20	10	10	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	30	20	15
Québécois	45	30	25	108,910	54,650	54,260	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	10	0	10	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	35	20	15	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	45	25	20	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	10	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	10	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	20	10	10	26,895	13,510	13,380	15	10	0
Russian	20	10	10	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	15	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	20	10	0
American	15	10	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	10	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	10	10	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	15	10	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	35	10	20	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	35	10	25	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	10	10	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	15	15	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	10	10	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,280	645	640	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	380	195	185
Buddhist	10	0	10	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	780	380	400	969,945	451,410	518,540	190	100	90
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	35	20	20	116,635	55,545	61,090	0	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	15	0	15	14,835	6,640	8,190	20	0	15
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	665	330	335	675,695	314,690	361,010	125	65	60
Christian Orthodox	45	25	20	68,635	32,680	35,950	15	10	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	15	10	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	35	10	25
Jewish	30	15	10	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	120	65	50	233,440	121,145	112,290	100	50	45
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	340	175	170	590,140	310,985	279,165	45	30	15
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,270	635	640	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	380	195	190
Non-movers	1,140	560	585	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	370	185	185
Movers	130	70	55	255,365	129,500	125,865	0	0	0
Non-migrants	85	50	35	186,805	94,745	92,055	0	0	0
Migrants	45	25	20	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	25	15	10	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	20	15	10	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	20	10	10	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,240	610	630	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	385	195	185
Non-movers	765	385	385	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	335	165	170
Movers	475	230	245	821,475	413,250	408,230	45	30	20
Non-migrants	265	115	150	433,700	216,030	217,670	0	0	0
Migrants	210	115	95	387,770	197,215	190,560	45	30	20
Internal migrants	130	80	45	190,035	93,955	96,075	35	25	15
Intraprovincial migrants	110	60	45	159,710	78,770	80,940	35	25	15
Interprovincial migrants	15	15	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	85	35	50	197,735	103,260	94,485	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,175	575	600	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	360	185	175
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	35	25	15	274,820	136,500	138,320	30	20	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,135	550	585	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	335	170	165
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	665	340	330	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	210	115	95
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	660	335	330	975,700	481,690	494,005	200	105	95
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,170	575	595	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	365	185	170
No certificate, diploma or degree	30	25	10	247,460	120,840	126,625	20	10	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	125	50	75	319,755	162,520	157,240	100	60	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,020	500	515	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	240	120	120
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	340	160	180	473,060	232,855	240,210	110	55	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	55	20	35	146,170	81,740	64,425	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	50	15	35	106,110	54,025	52,085	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	220	100	120	260,845	122,345	138,495	90	45	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	45	25	66,045	28,760	37,285	20	15	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	680	345	335	609,855	291,355	318,505	125	60	70
Bachelor's degree	340	185	155	344,605	160,320	184,285	65	30	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	60	20	40	58,945	27,280	31,665	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35	20	15	16,885	8,385	8,500	15	0	10
Master's degree	215	110	105	159,510	78,325	81,190	40	15	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	15	20	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	665	335	325	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	210	115	90
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35	20	10	162,205	88,420	73,785	45	30	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	630	310	315	831,975	403,420	428,555	160	85	80
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	100	90	333,160	167,260	165,895	65	35	30
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	0	20	110,390	60,690	49,700	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	0	20	81,090	40,585	40,505	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	125	70	50	174,185	84,745	89,445	50	30	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45	30	15	48,580	21,830	26,755	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	440	210	225	498,815	236,155	262,665	95	50	45
Bachelor's degree	195	105	95	276,640	128,890	147,745	45	25	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	10	35	48,390	21,995	26,395	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	10	10	12,900	5,750	7,150	10	0	0
Master's degree	155	80	75	137,150	66,720	70,430	35	10	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	10	15	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,170	575	595	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	360	190	175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	155	75	80	567,220	283,355	283,860	120	70	50
Education	20	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	30	0	25
13. Education	20	0	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	30	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55	25	35	69,210	32,705	36,505	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	55	25	35	61,135	27,085	34,045	0	0	0
Humanities	60	10	50	78,920	30,815	48,110	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	25	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	150	65	90	157,220	58,185	99,040	45	25	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	65	30	35	28,365	11,670	16,690	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	20	0	20	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	35	20	15	59,300	29,185	30,110	30	15	15
Business, management and public administration	335	185	150	248,895	110,950	137,945	35	25	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	330	180	150	237,125	108,040	129,090	35	25	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35	20	25	57,445	29,770	27,670	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	15	10	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	50	25	25	65,435	46,010	19,420	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40	15	25	53,075	39,595	13,480	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	170	130	30	173,380	143,615	29,765	30	15	10
04. Architecture and related services	30	10	15	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	90	75	10	78,800	61,515	17,290	15	10	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	25	20	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	15	0	10
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	15	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	115	25	85	122,295	30,795	91,495	55	15	40
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	100	25	75	109,185	24,140	85,045	50	10	40
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	15	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	15	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	665	335	325	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	210	115	95
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40	25	15	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	30	20
Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
13. Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50	20	30	54,840	26,500	28,340	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	50	20	30	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	30	10	20	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	0	15	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	90	35	55	121,985	44,105	77,880	30	25	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	40	20	20	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	15	10	44,580	21,945	22,635	20	15	10
Business, management and public administration	230	125	105	199,525	87,920	111,600	30	20	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	230	125	105	190,410	85,600	104,810	25	15	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30	15	20	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	15	15	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	30	15	10	53,860	38,275	15,590	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	10	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	100	80	25	137,395	112,025	25,370	25	15	10
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	10	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	65	50	15	66,210	51,090	15,115	20	10	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	65	15	45	92,595	23,265	69,330	25	0	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	10	40	82,410	18,370	64,045	20	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	665	335	325	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	210	115	95
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40	25	15	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	30	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	625	315	310	831,975	403,415	428,560	160	85	75
Location of study inside Canada	460	245	215	598,455	286,340	312,115	100	60	45
Same as province or territory of residence	420	225	200	566,540	270,160	296,380	90	55	30
Different than province or territory of residence	40	25	20	31,915	16,180	15,735	15	0	10
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	165	70	95	233,520	117,075	116,445	60	20	30
Americas	40	15	25	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	20	0	15	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	75	35	40	74,705	39,515	35,190	20	10	10
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	15	10	10	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	15	10	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10	50,645	26,790	23,860	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	40	15	20	65,125	28,945	36,180	25	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	20	10	10	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	10	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,170	575	595	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	365	185	170
In the labour force	685	365	325	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	235	135	100
Employed	625	345	285	971,245	502,885	468,360	205	115	95
Unemployed	60	20	35	110,395	58,460	51,935	30	25	10
Not in the labour force	490	210	275	568,495	246,215	322,280	130	55	70
Participation rate	58.5	63.5	54.6	65.5	69.5	61.8	64.4	73.0	58.8
Employment rate	53.4	60.0	47.9	58.9	62.3	55.6	56.2	62.2	55.9
Unemployment rate	8.8	5.5	10.8	10.2	10.4	10.0	12.8	18.5	10.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,170	575	595	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	360	190	175
Did not work¹⁸⁶	495	205	290	582,470	253,075	329,400	140	55	85
Worked	680	370	310	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	220	135	90
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	355	195	160	529,400	287,950	241,450	120	60	60
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	325	175	155	538,265	266,540	271,725	100	70	35
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.7	39.2	39.7	40.2	39.3	38.8	38.0	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	690	365	325	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	230	130	100
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	670	355	315	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	230	130	100
Employee	485	265	225	907,745	457,830	449,915	200	110	90
Permanent position	445	240	205	741,830	380,445	361,385	130	65	70
Temporary position	45	20	20	165,915	77,385	88,530	65	45	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	15	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	20	20	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	25	10	15	96,225	46,100	50,120	50	25	25
Self-employed¹⁹²	180	90	85	142,380	88,145	54,230	35	25	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	690	365	325	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	230	130	100
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	670	355	315	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	230	130	100
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	35	30	10	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	170	50	125	207,660	79,975	127,685	35	20	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	110	70	35	114,775	85,780	28,990	20	15	0
3 Health occupations	55	20	40	85,545	21,700	63,845	25	10	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	55	25	35	140,500	46,385	94,115	25	0	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	40	35	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	110	55	55	263,055	135,300	127,750	80	40	40
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	65	50	10	109,555	99,115	10,440	45	45	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	690	365	325	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	230	130	100
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	10	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	670	355	315	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	230	130	100
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	10	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	25	25	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	35	30	10	86,535	58,295	28,235	15	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	40	25	15	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	10	10	0	111,555	56,180	55,375	65	30	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	30	20	10	56,160	43,355	12,805	40	30	0
51 Information and cultural industries	55	40	10	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	75	25	45	53,430	27,205	26,225	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	30	15	20	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	160	75	80	130,405	75,750	54,655	15	0	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	10	15	49,530	29,800	19,735	0	0	0
61 Educational services	25	0	15	95,290	34,510	60,780	20	0	15
62 Health care and social assistance	65	20	45	142,545	36,095	106,450	30	10	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	10	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	25	15	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	20	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	15	15	0
91 Public administration	30	15	20	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	720	390	330	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	260	145	115
English	85	45	45	201,310	110,165	91,150	65	45	20
French	240	140	100	416,430	206,170	210,265	45	30	15
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	370	190	175	473,485	249,700	223,785	115	50	65
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	25	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	720	390	330	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	260	145	115
Single responses	620	345	275	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	250	145	105
Official languages	615	345	275	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	245	140	105
English	225	130	95	361,715	194,885	166,835	160	85	75
French	390	215	175	645,885	327,180	318,705	85	55	30
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	100	45	55	126,180	65,940	60,240	0	0	0
English and French	100	45	55	116,535	60,925	55,605	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	720	390	330	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	260	145	115
None	420	220	195	743,180	381,875	361,305	135	80	55
English	140	65	75	219,885	116,455	103,430	40	30	15
French	140	90	55	149,470	78,495	70,975	60	25	40
Non-official language	20	10	10	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	25	15	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	625	345	285	971,245	502,885	468,360	205	110	95
Worked at home	265	125	145	298,820	151,335	147,485	55	30	30
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	40	25	15	89,120	62,795	26,325	35	25	15
Usual place of work	310	195	120	580,035	286,695	293,340	115	60	55
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	310	190	120	580,035	286,695	293,340	115	60	55
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	245	150	90	427,475	202,010	225,465	20	10	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	10	10	91,735	47,670	44,070	85	50	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	55	35	20	58,865	35,690	23,175	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	355	215	140	669,150	349,485	319,665	155	85	65
Car, truck or van	280	185	95	395,615	229,315	166,300	130	80	55
Car, truck or van - as a driver	265	180	90	365,770	218,475	147,295	115	75	40
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	10	29,845	10,845	19,005	20	0	15
Public transit	45	10	30	177,860	74,605	103,260	10	0	10
Walked	0	0	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	15	0	10	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	355	215	140	669,150	349,485	319,665	155	85	65
Less than 15 minutes	60	35	25	125,240	61,185	64,055	45	15	30
15 to 29 minutes	150	95	50	241,005	129,590	111,420	65	45	20
30 to 44 minutes	105	60	50	176,925	96,710	80,215	25	20	0
45 to 59 minutes	35	20	15	67,635	33,110	34,530	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	15	0	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	355	215	140	669,150	349,485	319,665	155	85	65
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	15	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	20	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	0	0	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	120	70	50	166,695	79,410	87,280	45	35	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	95	45	45	149,185	68,865	80,320	35	0	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	70	45	30	106,855	50,615	56,240	20	10	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25	15	10	112,350	65,830	46,520	55	35	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	110	50	70	371,310	189,920	181,390	55	30	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	0	10	109,065	56,315	52,750	15	5	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	100	40	55	262,245	133,605	128,640	40	25	20
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	70	25	45	264,905	135,505	129,395	45	30	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	10	82,880	42,755	40,130	15	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	0	10	67,535	34,945	32,590	10	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	25	40	182,020	92,755	89,270	30	20	10

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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