Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661124More information: Quebec [Dissemination area]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	2,375	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	1,487	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	1,314	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	7,748.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.31	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	2,380	1,195	1,180
0 to 14 years	305	155	150
0 to 4 years	130	65	65
5 to 9 years	90	40	45
10 to 14 years	80	45	35
15 to 64 years	1,860	935	930
15 to 19 years	50	20	30
20 to 24 years	135	55	80
25 to 29 years	345	170	175
30 to 34 years	320	165	160
35 to 39 years	270	145	120
40 to 44 years	220	130	90
45 to 49 years	125	60	60
50 to 54 years	120	65	50
55 to 59 years	155	80	80
60 to 64 years	115	45	75
65 years and over	215	110	105
65 to 69 years	100	60	45
70 to 74 years	65	25	40
75 to 79 years	30	15	15
80 to 84 years	15	5	5
85 years and over	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.8	13.0	12.7
15 to 64 years	78.2	78.2	78.8
65 years and over	9.0	9.2	8.9
85 years and over	0.2	0.0	0.4
Average age of the population	37.6	37.7	37.6
Median age of the population	35.6	36.0	34.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	1,315	...	...
Single-detached house	5	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...
Row house	85	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	220	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,005	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	1,310	...	...
1 person	645	...	...
2 persons	425	...	...
3 persons	140	...	...
4 persons	75	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,365	1,195	1,170
Average household size	1.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	2,075	1,040	1,035
Married or living common-law	1,050	560	495
Married	615	320	300
Living common-law	430	240	190
Living common law - Never married	375	205	165
Living common law - Separated	10	5	5
Living common law - Divorced	50	30	25
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	1,025	485	540
Not married and not living common law - Never married	805	420	380
Not married and not living common law - Separated	45	10	35
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	145	45	95
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	30	5	25
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	620	...	...
2 persons	405	...	...
3 persons	135	...	...
4 persons	60	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	615	...	...
Total couple families	515	...	...
Married couples	300	...	...
With children⁶	140	...	...
Without children	160	...	...
Common-law couples	220	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...
Without children	185	...	...
Total one-parent families	100	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	90	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	15	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	2,365	1,195	1,170
Total - Persons in census families	1,575	785	785
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,030	545	485
Parents in one-parent families	105	15	85
Children⁶	440	225	215
In a two-parent family	275	145	135
In a one-parent family	160	80	80
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	790	410	380
Living alone	645	325	320
Living with other relatives⁷	45	20	30
Living with non-relatives only	100	65	30
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	1,315	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	585	...	...
Couple-family households	495	...	...
With children⁶	165	...	...
Without children	330	...	...
One-parent-family households	90	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	20	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	50	...	...
One-person households	645	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	2,065	1,045	1,020
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,035	1,035	1,005
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,000	64,500	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,040	1,035	1,005
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	52,800	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,840	955	885
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,200	67,000	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,620	845	775
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,800	69,500	47,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,410	645	765
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,000	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	185	80	95
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,080	6,200	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	570	265	300
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,200	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	2,230	1,120	1,105
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,195	1,120	1,080
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	93,100	92,800	93,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,195	1,120	1,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,500	63,700	69,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,970	1,045	925
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	95,400	93,400	97,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,735	925	810
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	96,500	94,600	98,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,535	690	850
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,870	9,320	12,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	200	90	115
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450	5,400	7,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	585	275	310
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	9,800	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	2,230	1,125	1,105
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	975	570	410
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	81,000	85,000	71,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	142,000	123,200	168,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	570	280	295
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	26,400	19,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,800	55,200	33,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	91.8	94.0	89.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	82.0	84.4	79.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.2	6.2	10.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.5	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.0	2.9	3.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.7	2.6	2.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	2,065	1,040	1,020
Without total income	25	10	15
With total income	2,040	1,035	1,000
Under $10,000 (including loss)	130	65	65
$10,000 to $19,999	240	105	135
$20,000 to $29,999	225	100	125
$30,000 to $39,999	200	80	115
$40,000 to $49,999	160	65	95
$50,000 to $59,999	160	70	90
$60,000 to $69,999	150	65	80
$70,000 to $79,999	125	75	55
$80,000 to $89,999	105	65	45
$90,000 to $99,999	85	50	35
$100,000 and over	455	295	155
$100,000 to $149,999	230	145	85
$150,000 and over	230	155	75
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	2,065	1,040	1,020
Without after-tax income	25	10	15
With after-tax income	2,040	1,035	1,005
Under $10,000 (including loss)	150	75	80
$10,000 to $19,999	240	105	135
$20,000 to $29,999	275	130	150
$30,000 to $39,999	230	95	135
$40,000 to $49,999	235	95	140
$50,000 to $59,999	195	105	90
$60,000 to $69,999	180	105	80
$70,000 to $79,999	110	65	50
$80,000 to $89,999	100	55	40
$90,000 to $99,999	75	45	25
$100,000 and over	250	170	85
$100,000 to $124,999	100	60	40
$125,000 and over	155	110	45
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	2,065	1,040	1,020
Without employment income	445	195	250
With employment income	1,620	850	770
Under $5,000 (including loss)	170	65	100
$5,000 to $9,999	95	40	60
$10,000 to $19,999	165	70	95
$20,000 to $29,999	95	45	55
$30,000 to $39,999	90	45	45
$40,000 to $49,999	115	60	60
$50,000 to $59,999	115	45	70
$60,000 to $69,999	110	60	50
$70,000 to $79,999	115	70	50
$80,000 to $89,999	75	40	30
$90,000 to $99,999	70	40	25
$100,000 and over	405	265	140
$100,000 to $124,999	130	80	55
$125,000 and over	270	185	90
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	2,065	1,045	1,020
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,975	1,000	975
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	58,800	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,975	1,000	975
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,400	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,785	920	865
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	61,200	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,565	820	745
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	61,200	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,310	600	705
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,260	1,620	3,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	115	55	55
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	6,040	8,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	2,230	1,120	1,105
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,140	1,085	1,050
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	73,000	81,200	64,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,140	1,085	1,055
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,200	59,700	48,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,930	1,005	925
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,700	84,600	66,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,690	890	800
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,900	84,800	66,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,390	625	765
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,120	5,140	8,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	105	40	65
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	5,200	11,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	2,230	1,125	1,105
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	945	540	400
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500	79,000	63,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	98,400	100,400	95,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	535	255	285
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,600	40,800	25,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	56,000	69,500	44,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.6	96.4	90.0
Employment income (%)	82.4	85.6	78.0
Government transfers (%)	6.4	3.6	9.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.2	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	1,310	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	645	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	670	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	1,410	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	670	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	745	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	209,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	149,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	1,310	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	55	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	40	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	75	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	85	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	85	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	75	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	65	...	...
$100,000 and over	550	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	110	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	100	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	135	...	...
$200,000 and over	215	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	1,310	...	...
Under $5,000	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	60	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	45	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	50	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	55	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	65	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	105	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	100	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	85	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	65	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	80	...	...
$100,000 and over	420	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	125	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	95	...	...
$150,000 and over	200	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	630	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	335	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	100	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	745	390	355
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	52,400	50,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	43,200	43,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	705	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	217,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	154,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	355	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	201,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	235	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	316,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	232,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	100	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	755	390	365
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	68,400	68,800	68,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,500	48,400	50,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	2,365	1,195	1,170
0 to 17 years	330	165	160
0 to 5 years	160	75	80
18 to 64 years	1,820	920	900
65 years and over	215	110	110
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	365	165	195
0 to 17 years	60	30	35
0 to 5 years	25	10	10
18 to 64 years	260	115	145
65 years and over	45	25	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	13.8	17.0
0 to 17 years (%)	18.0	17.0	19.0
0 to 5 years (%)	13.0	16.0	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	14.2	12.4	16.0
65 years and over (%)	21.0	22.0	22.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	2,365	1,195	1,170
0 to 17 years	325	165	165
0 to 5 years	155	75	80
18 to 64 years	1,820	920	900
65 years and over	215	110	105
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	265	135	135
0 to 17 years	35	20	20
0 to 5 years	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	205	105	105
65 years and over	25	15	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.2	11.2	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	10.0	12.0
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	10.0	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.3	11.2	11.4
65 years and over (%)	11.0	12.0	9.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	2,365	1,195	1,170
In bottom half of the distribution	1,095	530	570
In bottom decile	350	165	185
In second decile	225	100	125
In third decile	195	95	100
In fourth decile	160	85	75
In fifth decile	175	80	90
In top half of the distribution	1,265	665	600
In sixth decile	155	75	80
In seventh decile	155	75	75
In eighth decile	210	110	100
In ninth decile	265	140	130
In top decile	485	265	220
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	2,365	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.485	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.569	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.419	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	2,370	1,195	1,170
English only	255	145	115
French only	355	175	175
English and French	1,730	870	860
Neither English nor French	30	10	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	2,370	1,195	1,170
English	795	410	385
French	1,350	680	675
English and French	190	95	95
Neither English nor French	30	10	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	2,370	1,195	1,170
Single responses	2,180	1,090	1,095
Official languages	1,585	795	795
English	450	220	230
French	1,135	570	565
Non-official languages	595	295	300
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	595	295	300
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	65	45
Berber languages	5	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	100	55	40
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	95	55	40
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	5	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	5	0	0
Merina	5	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	10
Haitian Creole	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	320	155	165
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	45	25	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	20	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	5
Russian	15	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	0
German	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	10
Indo-Iranian languages	70	25	45
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	15	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	15	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	85	80
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	20	20
Portuguese	20	10	10
Romanian	5	5	5
Spanish	95	55	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	10	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	30	35
Chinese languages	65	30	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	20	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	185	105	75
English and French	90	50	40
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	2,370	1,195	1,170
English	440	235	210
French	910	465	445
Non-official language	120	50	75
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	120	50	75
English and French	370	185	180
English and non-official language(s)	170	85	85
French and non-official language(s)	115	55	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	225	115	115
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	2,370	1,195	1,170
Single responses	2,125	1,070	1,060
Official languages	1,870	950	920
English	715	365	350
French	1,150	580	570
Non-official languages	255	120	135
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	255	120	135
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	45	25	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	55	70
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	5
Russian	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	5	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	30	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	5
Romanian	5	0	5
Spanish	45	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25
Chinese languages	45	20	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	240	130	110
English and French	130	75	65
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	2,365	1,195	1,170
None	1,650	835	810
English	210	105	110
French	165	90	75
Non-official language	155	80	75
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	155	80	75
English and French	35	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
French and non-official language(s)	80	40	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	2,605	1,280	1,325
Official languages	2,565	1,270	1,295
English	2,155	1,100	1,060
French	2,270	1,105	1,165
Non-official languages	1,175	520	655
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,165	520	645
Afro-Asiatic languages	230	110	115
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	230	110	115
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	215	100	115
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	15	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	15	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	10	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	15	15
Haitian Creole	30	15	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	660	295	365
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	45	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	90	40	50
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	20	10
Russian	50	20	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	85	50	30
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	65	40	25
German	60	40	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	25	15	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	20
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	25	10	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	105	45	60
Indo-Aryan languages	70	35	30
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	70	35	30
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	10	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	10	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	0	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	385	155	230
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	65	30	40
Portuguese	45	20	20
Romanian	20	10	10
Spanish	290	115	170
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	85	30	55
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	25	10	15
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	15	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	70	75
Chinese languages	145	70	75
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	130	60	70
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,605	1,280	1,325
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	10	15
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	15	0	10
Métis	10	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	2,580	1,270	1,315
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,605	1,280	1,325
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,595	1,275	1,315
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	1,410	...	...
Owner	620	...	...
Renter	790	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	1,410	...	...
Condominium	825	...	...
Not condominium	590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	1,410	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...
1 bedroom	540	...	...
2 bedrooms	595	...	...
3 bedrooms	220	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	1,410	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,045	...	...
5 rooms	190	...	...
6 rooms	90	...	...
7 rooms	55	...	...
8 or more rooms	35	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	1,410	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,385	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	1,410	...	...
Suitable	1,365	...	...
Not suitable	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	1,410	...	...
1960 or before	95	...	...
1961 to 1980	110	...	...
1981 to 1990	100	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	20	...	...
2006 to 2010	20	...	...
2011 to 2015	320	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	735	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	1,410	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	1,350	...	...
Major repairs needed	60	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	1,410	...	...
One-maintainer household	905	...	...
Two-maintainer household	485	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	1,410	...	...
15 to 24 years	40	...	...
25 to 34 years	435	...	...
35 to 44 years	350	...	...
45 to 54 years	225	...	...
55 to 64 years	200	...	...
65 to 74 years	110	...	...
75 to 84 years	50	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	1,405	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,115	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	290	...	...
30% to less than 100%	240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	1,410	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	360	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	265	...	...
Not suitable only	30	...	...
Major repairs needed only	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	1,050	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	1,355	...	...
In core need	65	...	...
Not in core need	1,290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	620	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,190	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	744,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	790	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	36.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,178	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	2,610	1,280	1,330
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	45	25	20
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	45	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	15	20
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	2,550	1,250	1,300
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	2,610	1,280	1,330
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	2,235	1,045	1,195
Canadian citizens aged under 18	365	145	220
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,870	895	970
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	375	235	135
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	2,610	1,280	1,330
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,710	830	875
Immigrants⁸¹	740	320	415
Before 1980	65	30	35
1980 to 1990	100	60	40
1991 to 2000	140	45	90
2001 to 2010	200	70	130
2011 to 2021⁸²	235	115	115
2011 to 2015	80	40	40
2016 to 2021	155	75	75
Non-permanent residents⁸³	160	125	40
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	740	320	415
Under 5 years	75	25	50
5 to 14 years	125	50	75
15 to 24 years	135	35	100
25 to 44 years	350	180	170
45 years and over	50	30	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	740	320	415
Americas	120	35	85
Brazil	20	0	15
Colombia	25	10	10
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	20	0	15
Jamaica	10	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	15
Europe	160	110	55
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	45	40	10
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	20	10	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	20	10	10
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	30	10
Africa	160	65	100
Algeria	30	15	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0	10
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	35	20	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	15	60
Asia	285	110	175
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	30	0	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	55	15	35
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	15	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	35	15	20
Bangladesh	30	15	15
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	30	25
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	155	75	80
Americas	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	25	20	0
France	15	15	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0
Africa	35	15	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	20	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	85	35	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	40	15	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	2,605	1,280	1,325
First generation¹⁰⁰	960	475	485
Second generation¹⁰¹	610	285	325
Third generation or more¹⁰²	1,035	515	520
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	675	290	385
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	340	170	170
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	190	120	75
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	145	55	90
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	200	45	155
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	65	55
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	675	290	385
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	55	25	30
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	55	35	25
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25	10	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35	15	20
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	500	210	295
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	2,605	1,280	1,325
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	905	370	530
South Asian	75	30	45
Chinese	130	55	70
Black	265	115	150
Filipino	10	0	10
Arab	160	75	85
Latin American	105	30	75
Southeast Asian	60	30	35
West Asian	35	10	30
Korean	10	0	10
Japanese	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	40	25	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,700	910	795
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	2,605	1,280	1,330
Canadian	330	150	180
English	115	50	60
Irish	170	75	85
Scottish	85	20	60
French, n.o.s.¹²²	540	320	215
German	90	40	50
Chinese	140	60	75
Italian	170	90	80
Indian (India)	20	10	10
Ukrainian	15	10	0
Dutch	25	15	10
Polish	70	40	30
Québécois	80	45	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	15	10	0
Filipino	0	0	0
French Canadian	135	65	65
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	55	35	20
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	30	15	10
Métis	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	25	10	15
Russian	60	15	40
Norwegian	0	0	0
Welsh	15	15	0
Portuguese	40	15	20
American	10	0	10
Spanish	70	40	35
Swedish	20	10	0
Hungarian	15	0	10
Acadian	15	10	0
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	25	35
Jewish	45	35	15
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	15	25
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80	45	35
Greek	55	25	30
Jamaican	15	0	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10
Romanian	40	20	20
Lebanese	80	30	50
Iranian	30	10	20
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	25	15	10
Danish	10	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	15	15	0
Haitian	50	15	35
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	30	15	15
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	15	0	15
Moroccan	35	25	10
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	10	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	50	15	25
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	20	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	0	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	50	30	20
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	15
Peruvian	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	40	20	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	45	30	15
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	0	10
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	10	0	10
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	20	15	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	2,605	1,280	1,325
Buddhist	60	25	35
Christian	1,140	515	625
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	220	100	115
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	10	0	10
Baptist	0	0	0
Catholic	800	345	455
Christian Orthodox	60	30	25
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	0	10
Hindu	0	0	0
Jewish	70	55	20
Muslim	310	145	160
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	0	10
No religion and secular perspectives	990	525	465
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	2,565	1,255	1,310
Non-movers	2,100	1,010	1,090
Movers	465	245	225
Non-migrants	315	160	145
Migrants	150	80	75
Internal migrants	85	45	40
Intraprovincial migrants	65	30	30
Interprovincial migrants	25	15	10
External migrants	65	30	35
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	2,450	1,230	1,220
Non-movers	730	350	380
Movers	1,725	885	840
Non-migrants	850	425	425
Migrants	875	455	420
Internal migrants	600	285	310
Intraprovincial migrants	495	235	265
Interprovincial migrants	100	50	50
External migrants	280	175	100
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,230	1,125	1,105
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	215	120	100
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,010	1,005	1,005
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,845	940	905
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	155	95	65
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,685	850	840
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,230	1,120	1,110
No certificate, diploma or degree	180	90	90
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	250	160	90
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,800	875	925
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	575	260	315
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	145	75	75
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	95	45	50
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	50	30	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	310	150	165
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	115	40	75
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,230	615	615
Bachelor's degree	600	280	320
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	130	65	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	35	40
Master's degree	370	195	170
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	45	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,845	945	900
No certificate, diploma or degree	125	65	60
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	170	110	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,555	770	785
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	475	225	255
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	130	70	65
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	85	40	45
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	45	30	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	245	115	130
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	40	60
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,080	545	530
Bachelor's degree	520	255	265
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110	50	65
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	30	40
Master's degree	330	165	160
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	40	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,230	1,125	1,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	430	250	180
Education	55	10	45
13. Education	55	10	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	100	45	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	90	40	50
Humanities	100	35	60
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	25	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	345	140	210
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	25	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	25	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	105	50	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	0
42. Psychology	25	10	20
45. Social sciences	105	40	55
Business, management and public administration	555	280	275
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	545	270	275
Physical and life sciences and technologies	75	40	30
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40	25	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	95	75	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	90	70	15
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	235	160	70
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	10
14. Engineering	125	80	45
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	50	35	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	15	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	190	60	125
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	145	45	100
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	15	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	55	20	30
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	55	20	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,840	945	900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	290	170	120
Education	45	10	35
13. Education	45	10	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	65	30	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	55	25	30
Humanities	55	30	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	45	20	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	295	120	180
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	20	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	25	0	20
22. Legal professions and studies	100	35	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0
42. Psychology	20	10	10
45. Social sciences	85	40	50
Business, management and public administration	520	255	265
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	515	250	265
Physical and life sciences and technologies	45	30	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	25	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	90	65	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85	65	15
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	205	145	60
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	10
14. Engineering	110	75	35
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	35	25	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	15	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	185	60	120
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	135	45	95
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	15	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	45	20	25
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	45	20	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,840	945	900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	290	170	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,550	770	785
Location of study inside Canada	1,200	560	640
Same as province or territory of residence	1,100	515	585
Different than province or territory of residence	100	50	50
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	350	205	145
Americas	70	35	35
United States of America	30	20	10
Mexico	10	0	10
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	170	100	75
Belgium	0	0	0
France	90	45	40
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	10	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	20	10
Africa	30	25	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	15	10	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	15	0
Asia	80	50	30
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	15	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	2,230	1,120	1,110
In the labour force	1,675	890	785
Employed	1,530	820	720
Unemployed	140	75	65
Not in the labour force	555	230	325
Participation rate	75.1	79.5	70.7
Employment rate	68.6	73.2	64.9
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.4	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	2,230	1,125	1,105
Did not work¹⁸⁶	615	270	350
Worked	1,610	855	755
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	990	565	420
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	625	285	335
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	44.7	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,675	890	780
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	35	15	15
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,635	870	765
Employee	1,355	695	660
Permanent position	1,175	625	545
Temporary position	180	70	115
Fixed term (1 year or more)	95	30	70
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	85	35	50
Self-employed¹⁹²	285	180	105
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,675	890	780
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	35	15	15
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,635	870	765
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	75	55	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	415	200	215
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	215	165	55
3 Health occupations	155	60	100
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	205	60	145
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	95	50	45
6 Sales and service occupations	330	160	165
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	85	75	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	55	50	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,675	890	780
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	35	15	15
All industries¹⁹¹	1,635	870	765
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0
23 Construction	25	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	85	60	20
41 Wholesale trade	60	35	25
44-45 Retail trade	145	80	70
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35	25	15
51 Information and cultural industries	65	45	15
52 Finance and insurance	200	110	95
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	60	15	40
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	320	190	130
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	35	20	15
61 Educational services	95	35	65
62 Health care and social assistance	240	85	155
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	10	10
72 Accommodation and food services	90	60	30
81 Other services (except public administration)	45	15	30
91 Public administration	80	45	35
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,705	905	810
English	290	155	135
French	380	195	190
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	1,000	530	470
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,705	905	810
Single responses	1,435	745	695
Official languages	1,430	745	690
English	660	345	310
French	775	395	380
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	275	155	120
English and French	275	155	120
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,705	905	810
None	920	495	430
English	400	200	190
French	355	180	175
Non-official language	30	20	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	20	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,530	820	720
Worked at home	695	395	290
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	85	65	20
Usual place of work	755	345	405
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	755	350	405
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	620	285	335
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	35	10	25
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	85	50	35
Commute to a different province or territory	15	0	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	835	415	420
Car, truck or van	485	255	230
Car, truck or van - as a driver	450	245	200
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	35	10	25
Public transit	160	80	80
Walked	175	85	85
Bicycle	0	0	0
Other method	15	0	15
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	835	415	420
Less than 15 minutes	185	105	80
15 to 29 minutes	315	160	155
30 to 44 minutes	220	105	115
45 to 59 minutes	55	25	30
60 minutes and over	60	20	35
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	835	415	420
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	40	25	15
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	90	50	40
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	205	100	105
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	275	120	155
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	120	60	60
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	105	65	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	335	170	170
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	50	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	255	120	135
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	195	100	100
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	30	25
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	25	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145	70	75

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 15, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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