Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661106More information: Quebec [Dissemination area]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	5,477	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	5,006	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	3,510	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	15,067.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.36	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	5,475	2,780	2,695
0 to 14 years	335	165	175
0 to 4 years	130	55	80
5 to 9 years	100	60	40
10 to 14 years	105	50	60
15 to 64 years	4,930	2,505	2,425
15 to 19 years	320	165	160
20 to 24 years	1,285	630	650
25 to 29 years	1,115	585	525
30 to 34 years	835	455	375
35 to 39 years	370	185	180
40 to 44 years	245	120	125
45 to 49 years	245	110	140
50 to 54 years	205	90	115
55 to 59 years	190	90	100
60 to 64 years	125	65	60
65 years and over	210	110	100
65 to 69 years	85	55	35
70 to 74 years	55	25	25
75 to 79 years	30	15	15
80 to 84 years	5	5	5
85 years and over	30	5	20
85 to 89 years	5	5	5
90 to 94 years	20	5	10
95 to 99 years	5	0	5
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6.1	5.9	6.5
15 to 64 years	90.0	90.1	90.0
65 years and over	3.8	4.0	3.7
85 years and over	0.5	0.2	0.7
Average age of the population	32.0	31.9	32.1
Median age of the population	28.4	28.6	28.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	3,510	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...
Row house	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	250	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,240	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	3,510	...	...
1 person	2,165	...	...
2 persons	975	...	...
3 persons	245	...	...
4 persons	85	...	...
5 or more persons	35	...	...
Number of persons in private households	5,395	2,740	2,655
Average household size	1.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	5,140	2,615	2,525
Married or living common-law	1,825	915	905
Married	1,295	645	650
Living common-law	530	270	255
Living common law - Never married	485	250	235
Living common law - Separated	10	0	5
Living common law - Divorced	35	20	15
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	3,315	1,700	1,620
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,965	1,565	1,395
Not married and not living common law - Separated	95	35	60
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	210	80	130
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	50	15	35
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	975	...	...
2 persons	665	...	...
3 persons	205	...	...
4 persons	75	...	...
5 or more persons	35	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	975	...	...
Total couple families	795	...	...
Married couples	530	...	...
With children⁶	255	...	...
Without children	275	...	...
Common-law couples	265	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...
Without children	250	...	...
Total one-parent families	185	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	155	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	30	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	5,395	2,740	2,655
Total - Persons in census families	2,420	1,155	1,260
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,585	810	775
Parents in one-parent families	180	25	160
Children⁶	650	320	330
In a two-parent family	415	200	215
In a one-parent family	230	115	120
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,975	1,585	1,395
Living alone	2,160	1,150	1,015
Living with other relatives⁷	285	130	155
Living with non-relatives only	525	310	220
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	3,510	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	950	...	...
Couple-family households	775	...	...
With children⁶	270	...	...
Without children	510	...	...
One-parent-family households	175	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	375	...	...
One-person households	2,165	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	5,060	2,575	2,485
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,290	2,160	2,140
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,800	31,000	23,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,290	2,160	2,140
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,000	29,200	22,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,765	1,905	1,860
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	21,200	29,600	17,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,015	1,560	1,455
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,800	38,000	19,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,390	1,610	1,775
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,080	4,200	4,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	225	115	110
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,550	790	760
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	4,780	2,430	2,350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,180	2,095	2,085
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,280	63,800	34,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,180	2,095	2,085
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,840	46,400	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,690	1,855	1,835
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,560	65,900	33,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,010	1,545	1,465
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,850	70,800	35,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,330	1,610	1,720
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,990	7,230	6,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	225	125	105
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,080	6,300	5,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,500	795	705
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,010	9,100	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	4,780	2,430	2,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,215	710	515
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	69,000	51,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	97,000	120,400	64,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,320	635	685
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	12,600	13,500	12,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,760	29,000	22,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.6	91.2	83.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	78.6	82.0	72.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.3	8.7	16.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.6	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.0	5.7	9.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.6	5.4	8.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	5,060	2,575	2,485
Without total income	765	420	345
With total income	4,295	2,155	2,135
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,055	485	565
$10,000 to $19,999	650	275	375
$20,000 to $29,999	610	290	320
$30,000 to $39,999	430	200	235
$40,000 to $49,999	310	145	170
$50,000 to $59,999	215	95	115
$60,000 to $69,999	220	140	75
$70,000 to $79,999	165	95	75
$80,000 to $89,999	105	65	40
$90,000 to $99,999	85	50	40
$100,000 and over	435	315	120
$100,000 to $149,999	220	150	70
$150,000 and over	220	170	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	5,060	2,575	2,485
Without after-tax income	765	420	345
With after-tax income	4,295	2,155	2,135
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,070	490	580
$10,000 to $19,999	665	280	385
$20,000 to $29,999	700	340	360
$30,000 to $39,999	495	220	275
$40,000 to $49,999	355	180	180
$50,000 to $59,999	285	165	120
$60,000 to $69,999	190	115	75
$70,000 to $79,999	125	80	40
$80,000 to $89,999	80	40	35
$90,000 to $99,999	60	35	25
$100,000 and over	270	210	60
$100,000 to $124,999	100	80	20
$125,000 and over	170	130	35
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	5,060	2,575	2,485
Without employment income	2,045	1,015	1,030
With employment income	3,015	1,560	1,455
Under $5,000 (including loss)	515	220	295
$5,000 to $9,999	360	185	180
$10,000 to $19,999	475	215	260
$20,000 to $29,999	220	95	125
$30,000 to $39,999	200	80	120
$40,000 to $49,999	200	105	95
$50,000 to $59,999	165	85	80
$60,000 to $69,999	185	120	60
$70,000 to $79,999	140	80	60
$80,000 to $89,999	80	50	35
$90,000 to $99,999	90	50	35
$100,000 and over	385	275	105
$100,000 to $124,999	110	75	35
$125,000 and over	270	205	70
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	5,060	2,575	2,485
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,995	2,000	2,000
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	20,000	23,200	17,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,995	2,000	2,000
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	19,600	22,400	17,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,570	1,805	1,765
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	20,800	26,600	16,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,770	1,425	1,340
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,200	30,400	19,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,870	1,345	1,520
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,290	1,290	1,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	80	30	50
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,120	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	4,780	2,430	2,350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,770	1,915	1,860
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	55,050	31,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,770	1,915	1,860
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,440	39,960	26,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,390	1,760	1,625
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,080	57,850	33,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,710	1,410	1,295
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,040	62,450	36,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,750	1,295	1,450
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,848	2,584	3,084
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45	20	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800	8,500	13,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	4,780	2,430	2,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,160	670	490
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	52,800	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,200	96,000	56,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,085	530	550
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	17,200	16,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,250	36,600	26,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.2	96.8	92.4
Employment income (%)	82.6	83.8	80.6
Government transfers (%)	4.8	3.2	7.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.2	0.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	3,510	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	28,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,165	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	21,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	21,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,345	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	3,360	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	47,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,075	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,290	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	3,510	...	...
Under $5,000	770	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	230	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	205	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	155	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	135	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	135	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	195	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	195	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	155	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	100	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	85	...	...
$100,000 and over	550	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	150	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	110	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	110	...	...
$200,000 and over	185	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	3,510	...	...
Under $5,000	780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	170	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	240	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	230	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	175	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	155	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	105	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	160	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	260	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	180	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	135	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	85	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	90	...	...
$100,000 and over	380	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	80	...	...
$150,000 and over	175	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,110	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	520	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	270	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	180	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	27,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	27,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,690	1,455	1,235
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	19,400	21,800	17,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	19,000	20,800	17,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,070	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	525	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	235	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	185	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,545	1,380	1,165
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,280	45,000	28,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,920	34,800	24,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	5,395	2,740	2,655
0 to 17 years	415	215	200
0 to 5 years	140	65	85
18 to 64 years	4,795	2,420	2,375
65 years and over	185	110	75
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,625	1,275	1,350
0 to 17 years	205	95	105
0 to 5 years	45	15	25
18 to 64 years	2,365	1,150	1,215
65 years and over	60	25	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	48.7	46.6	51.0
0 to 17 years (%)	48.8	46.0	52.0
0 to 5 years (%)	31.0	28.0	32.0
18 to 64 years (%)	49.3	47.5	51.2
65 years and over (%)	33.0	26.0	40.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	5,395	2,735	2,655
0 to 17 years	415	210	205
0 to 5 years	145	60	80
18 to 64 years	4,795	2,415	2,375
65 years and over	185	110	80
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,235	1,095	1,140
0 to 17 years	155	70	80
0 to 5 years	40	15	20
18 to 64 years	2,045	1,005	1,040
65 years and over	35	20	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	41.4	40.0	42.9
0 to 17 years (%)	37.0	33.0	41.0
0 to 5 years (%)	26.0	24.0	28.0
18 to 64 years (%)	42.7	41.7	43.7
65 years and over (%)	18.0	16.0	20.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	5,395	2,740	2,655
In bottom half of the distribution	4,105	2,005	2,105
In bottom decile	2,565	1,245	1,315
In second decile	550	280	270
In third decile	425	185	245
In fourth decile	270	135	135
In fifth decile	290	155	140
In top half of the distribution	1,290	740	555
In sixth decile	270	155	110
In seventh decile	210	120	90
In eighth decile	155	80	75
In ninth decile	225	115	110
In top decile	430	260	165
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	5,395	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.603	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.681	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.549	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	1,490.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	5,480	2,780	2,700
English only	2,245	1,155	1,095
French only	240	125	115
English and French	2,840	1,440	1,400
Neither English nor French	150	65	85
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	5,480	2,780	2,700
English	3,255	1,655	1,600
French	1,360	750	610
English and French	715	315	400
Neither English nor French	145	60	85
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	5,480	2,780	2,700
Single responses	4,940	2,525	2,420
Official languages	1,880	1,055	825
English	900	500	405
French	975	555	425
Non-official languages	3,060	1,470	1,590
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,050	1,465	1,585
Afro-Asiatic languages	615	345	265
Berber languages	0	0	5
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	610	350	265
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	605	345	265
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0
Vietnamese	35	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	15	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	640	320	320
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	35	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	35	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	40	20	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	10	5
German	15	10	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5
Danish	5	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages	235	115	115
Indo-Aryan languages	90	55	35
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	5	0
Gujarati	5	5	5
Hindi	40	20	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5
Marathi	10	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	145	60	85
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	145	65	80
Dari	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	135	60	70
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	285	135	145
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	55	35	20
Portuguese	35	15	15
Romanian	15	10	5
Spanish	175	75	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	40	20	15
Korean	90	40	50
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,560	670	885
Chinese languages	1,560	670	885
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,355	580	780
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	130	60	70
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	25	15	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	540	260	280
English and French	115	50	65
English and non-official language(s)	235	115	125
French and non-official language(s)	105	50	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	30
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	5,480	2,780	2,700
English	1,110	600	515
French	730	400	325
Non-official language	1,050	480	570
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,050	480	570
English and French	400	230	170
English and non-official language(s)	1,295	640	655
French and non-official language(s)	145	65	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	695	350	345
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	5,480	2,780	2,700
Single responses	4,900	2,495	2,405
Official languages	2,970	1,600	1,370
English	1,915	1,030	890
French	1,055	570	485
Non-official languages	1,925	890	1,035
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,925	890	1,035
Afro-Asiatic languages	320	185	135
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	320	185	135
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	315	185	135
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	265	125	135
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	25	15	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	110	50	55
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5
Hindi	5	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	85	40	45
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	80	40	40
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	80	40	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	60	60
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5
Portuguese	25	5	15
Romanian	10	0	5
Spanish	80	40	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	30	15	15
Korean	65	30	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,215	515	695
Chinese languages	1,215	515	695
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,105	475	630
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	30	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	580	285	295
English and French	145	80	65
English and non-official language(s)	290	130	155
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	50	50
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	5,480	2,780	2,695
None	3,305	1,680	1,630
English	745	380	365
French	255	130	125
Non-official language	595	295	295
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	595	295	295
English and French	150	65	80
English and non-official language(s)	140	70	70
French and non-official language(s)	205	110	90
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	65	35	30
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	5,055	2,550	2,500
Official languages	4,935	2,500	2,430
English	4,745	2,420	2,330
French	2,970	1,510	1,455
Non-official languages	3,970	1,940	2,030
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,970	1,940	2,030
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,055	605	450
Berber languages	15	10	0
Kabyle	15	10	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,050	600	450
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,025	575	450
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	15	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	40	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	35	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	25	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,080	550	525
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	75	55
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	130	75	55
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	15	0
Russian	95	50	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	90	45	45
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	85	40	45
German	85	40	45
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	40	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages	275	130	140
Indo-Aryan languages	125	55	70
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	0	15
Hindi	100	45	60
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	0	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	145	75	70
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	145	75	70
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	130	70	55
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	305	295
Catalan	15	10	0
Italian	135	60	65
Portuguese	60	50	15
Romanian	25	15	15
Spanish	435	210	225
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	85	45	40
Korean	70	40	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	15	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,780	740	1,035
Chinese languages	1,770	740	1,030
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,650	690	960
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	15	30
Yue (Cantonese)	240	90	155
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	5,055	2,555	2,495
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	0	20
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian)	15	0	10
Métis	10	0	10
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	5,030	2,550	2,480
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	5,055	2,555	2,495
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	5,040	2,550	2,490
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	3,360	...	...
Owner	1,180	...	...
Renter	2,180	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	3,360	...	...
Condominium	2,950	...	...
Not condominium	410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	3,360	...	...
No bedrooms	330	...	...
1 bedroom	1,980	...	...
2 bedrooms	900	...	...
3 bedrooms	135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	3,360	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,110	...	...
5 rooms	185	...	...
6 rooms	55	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	3,360	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,245	...	...
More than one person per room	120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	3,360	...	...
Suitable	3,025	...	...
Not suitable	340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	3,360	...	...
1960 or before	120	...	...
1961 to 1980	65	...	...
1981 to 1990	50	...	...
1991 to 2000	55	...	...
2001 to 2005	60	...	...
2006 to 2010	85	...	...
2011 to 2015	575	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,350	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	3,360	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,290	...	...
Major repairs needed	65	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	3,360	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,585	...	...
Two-maintainer household	750	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	3,360	...	...
15 to 24 years	970	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	405	...	...
45 to 54 years	285	...	...
55 to 64 years	200	...	...
65 to 74 years	95	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	3,035	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,115	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,920	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,090	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	3,360	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,090	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,690	...	...
Not suitable only	130	...	...
Major repairs needed only	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	200	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	1,270	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	2,205	...	...
In core need	260	...	...
Not in core need	1,945	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,185	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	63.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,952	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	540,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	634,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,180	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	62.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,656	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	5,050	2,555	2,500
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	40	10	35
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	40	10	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	5,005	2,545	2,465
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	5,055	2,555	2,500
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	2,220	1,170	1,055
Canadian citizens aged under 18	170	65	100
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,055	1,105	950
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,830	1,385	1,445
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	5,055	2,555	2,500
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,380	735	645
Immigrants⁸¹	1,955	920	1,030
Before 1980	35	20	15
1980 to 1990	65	45	25
1991 to 2000	240	135	100
2001 to 2010	515	215	300
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,095	505	590
2011 to 2015	285	160	125
2016 to 2021	810	350	465
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,720	895	820
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,955	925	1,030
Under 5 years	195	95	95
5 to 14 years	370	180	190
15 to 24 years	445	190	260
25 to 44 years	735	360	375
45 years and over	210	100	110
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,955	925	1,030
Americas	155	75	80
Brazil	20	20	0
Colombia	20	0	20
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	45	30	20
Other places of birth in Americas	40	10	25
Europe	180	105	75
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	65	35	25
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	15	10	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	30	15	15
Russian Federation	25	15	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	15	0
Africa	310	170	135
Algeria	40	20	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	55	25	25
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	10	0
Morocco	105	55	50
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	80	50	35
Asia	1,315	570	745
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	80	30	45
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	130	60	65
Syria⁸⁹	110	65	50
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	730	285	445
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	45	25	20
Taiwan	25	10	15
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	0	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	65	35	30
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	50	35
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	810	345	465
Americas	45	20	25
Brazil	15	15	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	40	20	15
France	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	100	45	50
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	50	25	30
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	15	10	0
Asia	620	255	370
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	385	135	250
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	55	25	30
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	0
Lebanon	25	15	15
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	60	25	35
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	20	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	5,055	2,555	2,495
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,845	1,935	1,910
Second generation¹⁰¹	675	325	345
Third generation or more¹⁰²	535	295	240
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,920	900	1,015
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,610	760	850
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	635	330	300
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	970	425	545
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	185	70	110
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	75	45
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,920	900	1,015
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	25	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	45	30	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	135	65	75
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	265	140	130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,410	640	775
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	5,055	2,555	2,495
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,500	1,650	1,850
South Asian	165	85	80
Chinese	1,830	775	1,060
Black	135	70	65
Filipino	20	10	10
Arab	820	440	380
Latin American	110	60	50
Southeast Asian	65	35	25
West Asian	145	80	70
Korean	65	30	35
Japanese	25	20	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	10	15
Multiple visible minorities	100	40	60
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,550	905	645
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	5,055	2,555	2,500
Canadian	125	75	50
English	65	45	20
Irish	130	65	60
Scottish	125	60	70
French, n.o.s.¹²²	380	210	170
German	65	35	30
Chinese	1,650	675	975
Italian	260	125	135
Indian (India)	115	55	60
Ukrainian	45	25	20
Dutch	25	0	15
Polish	55	35	20
Québécois	45	25	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	25	15	10
Filipino	20	15	10
French Canadian	30	15	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	105	50	55
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0
Métis	10	0	10
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	65	50	15
Russian	85	40	40
Norwegian	20	0	15
Welsh	0	0	0
Portuguese	45	40	0
American	30	10	20
Spanish	60	30	35
Swedish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	10	0	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	30	15	15
Jewish	50	35	15
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	45	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	285	165	120
Greek	65	25	40
Jamaican	25	0	25
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	145	65	85
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	60	30	25
Romanian	30	20	10
Lebanese	315	175	140
Iranian	120	55	65
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	0	10
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0
Haitian	15	0	0
Hindu	35	15	20
Mexican	45	20	20
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	10	10	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	40	25	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15	0	10
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	35	20	15
Egyptian	40	20	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	0	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	25	0	25
Moroccan	175	100	75
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	130	60	65
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	15	0	15
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	50	40	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	20	0	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	55	35	25
Brazilian	25	25	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	25	20	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	15	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	55	35	20
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	15	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	30	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	20	15	10
Chilean	15	10	10
Congolese	15	10	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	10	0
Peruvian	15	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	60	45	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	10	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	65	35	30
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	40	25	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	15	10	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	30	25	10
Azerbaijani	10	0	10
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	20	0	15
Mongolian	10	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	5,055	2,555	2,500
Buddhist	55	20	35
Christian	1,135	545	590
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	310	140	175
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0
Catholic	635	315	315
Christian Orthodox	115	65	50
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0
Presbyterian	15	0	10
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	0	0
Hindu	105	60	50
Jewish	95	55	40
Muslim	835	455	385
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	10	0
No religion and secular perspectives	2,810	1,410	1,400
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	5,030	2,545	2,485
Non-movers	2,995	1,520	1,475
Movers	2,035	1,030	1,005
Non-migrants	1,285	635	655
Migrants	745	395	350
Internal migrants	275	120	150
Intraprovincial migrants	130	55	70
Interprovincial migrants	140	65	75
External migrants	475	270	200
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	4,935	2,515	2,420
Non-movers	445	245	190
Movers	4,500	2,265	2,230
Non-migrants	1,445	705	740
Migrants	3,050	1,565	1,485
Internal migrants	950	500	450
Intraprovincial migrants	530	295	240
Interprovincial migrants	415	205	210
External migrants	2,100	1,070	1,040
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,780	2,430	2,350
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	160	100	65
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,620	2,335	2,290
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,090	1,595	1,495
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	35	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,025	1,560	1,465
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,785	2,430	2,350
No certificate, diploma or degree	145	95	50
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	825	425	405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,815	1,915	1,900
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	985	495	485
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	155	85	70
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	100	45	55
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	55	40	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	685	365	320
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145	55	95
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,825	1,415	1,415
Bachelor's degree	1,540	725	810
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	210	105	105
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	95	90
Master's degree	740	385	355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	100	50
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,090	1,595	1,495
No certificate, diploma or degree	50	35	15
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	245	130	110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,795	1,430	1,370
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	565	285	285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	95	55	45
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	65	25	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	35	30	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	345	190	160
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	125	45	80
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,225	1,140	1,085
Bachelor's degree	1,080	530	545
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	175	85	85
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	75	90
Master's degree	675	360	315
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	140	90	50
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,785	2,430	2,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	970	520	450
Education	75	25	50
13. Education	75	25	50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	200	95	105
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	30	0
50. Visual and performing arts	170	65	105
Humanities	175	75	100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	25	25
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	25	25
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	530	175	355
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	25	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	25	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	105	45	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0
42. Psychology	70	10	65
45. Social sciences	240	90	150
Business, management and public administration	1,055	540	515
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	40	15	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,015	525	495
Physical and life sciences and technologies	260	100	160
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	90	40	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	20	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	85	45	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	415	255	160
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	315	195	125
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	30	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	600	410	190
04. Architecture and related services	35	15	20
14. Engineering	435	305	135
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	90	50	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	25	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	415	190	225
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20	15	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	355	145	210
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	35	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	85	50	30
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	75	40	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	3,090	1,595	1,495
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	295	165	120
Education	60	20	35
13. Education	60	20	35
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	125	65	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	105	45	60
Humanities	130	50	75
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	25	20
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	10	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	385	130	255
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	25	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	15	0	15
22. Legal professions and studies	100	40	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	45	0	45
45. Social sciences	145	65	80
Business, management and public administration	805	395	410
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	40	10	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	765	380	380
Physical and life sciences and technologies	135	60	80
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	30	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	15	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	50	20	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	315	195	125
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	245	145	100
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	25	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	490	350	140
04. Architecture and related services	30	15	15
14. Engineering	360	255	105
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	55	40	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	30	25	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0
Health and related fields	310	135	170
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	255	95	165
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	30	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	45	25	20
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	30	15	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	3,090	1,595	1,495
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	295	165	120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,800	1,425	1,370
Location of study inside Canada	1,450	765	685
Same as province or territory of residence	1,245	620	620
Different than province or territory of residence	205	145	60
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,350	665	685
Americas	190	105	85
United States of America	145	75	65
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	10	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	15	0
Europe	340	195	140
Belgium	10	10	0
France	210	135	85
Germany	10	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	15	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10
Africa	75	40	35
Nigeria	10	0	0
Algeria	20	15	0
Morocco	25	15	10
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	720	305	420
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	85	50	35
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	295	110	185
Taiwan	15	15	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Japan	15	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	75	25	50
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	140	55	85
Oceania	20	10	0
Australia	20	10	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	4,785	2,430	2,350
In the labour force	3,025	1,610	1,420
Employed	2,625	1,410	1,215
Unemployed	405	195	205
Not in the labour force	1,755	825	935
Participation rate	63.2	66.3	60.4
Employment rate	54.9	58.0	51.7
Unemployment rate	13.4	12.1	14.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	4,785	2,430	2,355
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,875	890	980
Worked	2,905	1,535	1,370
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,350	775	580
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,555	760	790
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.1	38.0	36.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	3,030	1,605	1,420
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	90	100
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	2,835	1,515	1,315
Employee	2,415	1,255	1,160
Permanent position	1,685	915	770
Temporary position	730	340	390
Fixed term (1 year or more)	385	205	180
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	350	135	215
Self-employed¹⁹²	420	265	155
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	3,030	1,605	1,420
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	90	100
All occupations¹⁹¹	2,835	1,515	1,315
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	85	65	20
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	675	260	415
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	560	375	185
3 Health occupations	260	125	130
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	380	185	195
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	140	80	65
6 Sales and service occupations	570	305	270
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	140	105	30
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20	15	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	3,030	1,605	1,420
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	195	90	100
All industries¹⁹¹	2,835	1,515	1,315
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0
22 Utilities	15	10	0
23 Construction	35	20	20
31-33 Manufacturing	95	60	35
41 Wholesale trade	85	50	30
44-45 Retail trade	255	135	120
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	125	90	35
51 Information and cultural industries	130	100	30
52 Finance and insurance	325	190	135
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	85	40	40
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	595	320	270
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	65	25	40
61 Educational services	250	135	115
62 Health care and social assistance	300	115	190
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	45	15	25
72 Accommodation and food services	220	120	105
81 Other services (except public administration)	95	55	40
91 Public administration	85	25	55
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	3,320	1,750	1,570
English	1,200	610	590
French	360	170	185
Non-official language	75	35	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	75	35	45
English and French	1,315	745	570
English and non-official language(s)	225	135	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	55	75
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	3,320	1,750	1,570
Single responses	2,830	1,470	1,355
Official languages	2,685	1,395	1,285
English	1,880	970	910
French	800	425	380
Non-official languages	150	80	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	80	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	15	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	65	60
Chinese languages	120	65	60
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	110	55	55
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	490	275	210
English and French	420	255	165
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	3,320	1,750	1,570
None	2,085	1,060	1,025
English	485	280	205
French	510	280	225
Non-official language	150	85	65
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	150	85	65
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	2,620	1,410	1,215
Worked at home	1,230	650	575
Worked outside Canada	55	25	30
No fixed workplace address	170	115	50
Usual place of work	1,175	610	560
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	1,175	610	560
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,010	520	485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	60	25	35
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	80	45	35
Commute to a different province or territory	25	15	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,345	730	610
Car, truck or van	440	245	195
Car, truck or van - as a driver	390	235	155
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	50	10	40
Public transit	345	180	160
Walked	495	265	230
Bicycle	15	15	0
Other method	45	25	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,345	730	610
Less than 15 minutes	395	240	155
15 to 29 minutes	470	255	225
30 to 44 minutes	325	140	190
45 to 59 minutes	70	45	20
60 minutes and over	80	50	25
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,345	730	610
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	15	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	110	75	35
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	245	130	115
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	390	225	170
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	375	180	195
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	190	105	90
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	420	215	205
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	195	105	85
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	225	110	120
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	290	155	125
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165	85	80
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160	90	75
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	120	70	50

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 15, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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