Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661039More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661356More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24660461More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	455	...	...	493	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	593	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	268	...	...	219	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	307	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	253	...	...	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	294	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6,603.8	...	...	8,741.1	...	...	6.5	...	...	14,937.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.07	...	...	0.06	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	455	205	250	495	225	270	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	595	270	320
0 to 14 years	40	20	20	110	50	55	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	90	45	50
0 to 4 years	10	10	5	30	15	20	422,980	217,145	205,840	40	20	20
5 to 9 years	15	10	5	35	20	10	478,955	245,295	233,665	30	15	10
10 to 14 years	10	5	5	45	20	30	489,425	250,855	238,570	25	10	15
15 to 64 years	290	140	145	290	130	160	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	430	200	225
15 to 19 years	15	5	10	30	10	20	429,400	219,400	209,995	20	10	10
20 to 24 years	35	20	15	35	15	20	460,660	235,250	225,405	35	15	20
25 to 29 years	40	25	20	30	15	15	527,150	266,455	260,700	65	25	35
30 to 34 years	40	20	15	30	10	15	536,040	267,770	268,270	65	30	40
35 to 39 years	40	15	20	25	10	15	550,425	274,350	276,075	60	30	30
40 to 44 years	30	15	15	35	20	15	572,565	286,405	286,160	65	35	30
45 to 49 years	25	10	15	30	15	10	516,465	259,565	256,905	40	20	25
50 to 54 years	15	5	10	20	10	15	522,935	262,610	260,325	25	15	10
55 to 59 years	20	10	10	25	10	15	615,690	307,230	308,465	30	10	15
60 to 64 years	30	15	15	30	10	20	625,610	307,710	317,900	30	20	10
65 years and over	130	45	85	95	40	55	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	70	25	45
65 to 69 years	25	5	20	30	10	20	541,970	264,020	277,950	25	5	20
70 to 74 years	30	10	20	25	5	15	455,900	217,985	237,910	15	5	10
75 to 79 years	30	5	25	25	15	5	330,840	153,790	177,050	15	5	10
80 to 84 years	25	5	15	10	0	5	210,405	90,825	119,580	10	5	10
85 years and over	20	5	10	10	5	5	214,415	75,305	139,115	10	0	5
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	5	0	0	131,755	50,610	81,150	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	5	0	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8.8	9.8	8.0	22.2	22.2	20.4	16.4	17.0	15.8	15.1	16.7	15.6
15 to 64 years	63.7	68.3	58.0	58.6	57.8	59.3	63.0	63.9	62.1	72.3	74.1	70.3
65 years and over	28.6	22.0	34.0	19.2	17.8	20.4	20.6	19.1	22.1	11.8	9.3	14.1
85 years and over	4.4	2.4	4.0	2.0	2.2	1.9	2.5	1.8	3.2	1.7	0.0	1.6
Average age of the population	46.3	42.8	49.0	39.1	37.6	40.4	42.8	41.8	43.7	38.0	38.0	38.1
Median age of the population	42.0	38.4	48.8	38.4	36.4	39.6	43.2	42.0	44.0	36.8	38.0	35.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	255	...	...	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	5	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	15	...	...	98,625	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	35	...	...	45	...	...	271,245	...	...	110	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	135	...	...	145	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	160	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	75	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	255	...	...	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
1 person	130	...	...	65	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	125	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	65	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	25	...	...	480,135	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	30	...	...	427,605	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	20	...	...	228,060	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	445	205	245	495	225	270	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	595	275	320
Average household size	1.8	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	415	185	230	385	170	210	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	500	225	270
Married or living common-law	155	75	75	225	115	110	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	275	130	140
Married	90	45	40	130	65	65	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	100	50	50
Living common-law	65	35	35	90	45	45	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	175	80	90
Living common law - Never married	60	25	30	75	35	40	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	155	70	80
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	20	10	5	261,885	135,520	126,370	15	10	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	260	105	155	160	60	105	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	230	95	130
Not married and not living common law - Never married	160	75	85	120	55	65	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	175	80	95
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	10	5	5	106,275	48,095	58,175	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	40	15	30	25	0	20	494,210	197,455	296,755	30	15	15
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	50	10	35	10	0	10	380,100	89,515	290,580	15	5	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	95	...	...	125	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	150	...	...
2 persons	65	...	...	65	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	15	...	...	25	...	...	454,980	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	15	...	...	25	...	...	412,850	...	...	30	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	20	...	...	187,600	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	2.0	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	95	...	...	130	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	155	...	...
Total couple families	70	...	...	110	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	135	...	...
Married couples	40	...	...	65	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	50	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	45	...	...	502,020	...	...	35	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	25	...	...	609,605	...	...	20	...	...
Common-law couples	30	...	...	50	...	...	828,005	...	...	85	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	15	...	...	401,885	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	30	...	...	426,120	...	...	45	...	...
Total one-parent families	20	...	...	15	...	...	383,775	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	15	...	...	284,025	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	99,755	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	445	205	240	495	225	270	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	595	275	320
Total - Persons in census families	235	105	130	395	185	215	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	425	205	215
Married spouses or common-law partners	150	75	75	225	115	110	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	275	135	140
Parents in one-parent families	25	0	20	20	0	15	383,780	99,755	284,020	15	10	10
Children⁶	70	30	35	160	70	85	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	135	65	70
In a two-parent family	40	20	20	135	60	70	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	115	55	65
In a one-parent family	30	15	10	25	10	15	585,820	317,400	268,415	20	15	5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	210	95	115	100	40	55	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	170	65	105
Living alone	130	50	85	70	30	40	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	125	45	80
Living with other relatives⁷	20	10	10	5	5	5	165,070	74,060	91,005	10	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	60	40	20	25	10	15	268,810	158,325	110,485	35	15	20
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	250	...	...	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	85	...	...	120	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	140	...	...
Couple-family households	70	...	...	105	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	130	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	55	...	...	851,835	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	50	...	...	982,260	...	...	60	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	20	...	...	331,395	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	5	...	...	50,790	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	30	...	...	10	...	...	139,280	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	130	...	...	65	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	125	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	405	185	220	385	175	215	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	500	230	270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	180	210	365	165	200	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	490	225	265
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	31,600	28,400	49,600	55,600	47,200	40,800	44,800	37,200	47,600	49,600	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	180	210	365	165	200	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	490	225	265
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,800	29,200	27,200	43,200	46,400	42,000	36,400	39,200	33,600	41,200	42,000	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	330	160	175	345	155	195	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	460	210	250
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	20,200	22,000	17,800	38,800	48,400	32,000	33,600	39,600	28,000	44,800	48,400	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	260	125	135	285	130	155	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	395	180	215
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	22,600	23,000	22,400	34,000	45,600	26,200	36,000	40,400	31,600	48,400	51,600	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	355	160	195	290	110	180	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	395	165	230
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	11,300	15,600	12,200	12,000	12,300	11,500	10,200	12,300	8,300	7,700	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40	15	25	35	10	20	837,635	441,080	396,550	45	15	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	x	3,960	5,600	x	5,280	5,520	5,520	5,600	6,400	x	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	110	65	50	135	55	75	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	125	70	60
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	9,200	10,000	10,300	10,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	8,500	8,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	420	190	230	425	175	245	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	490	230	250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	390	175	215	390	165	230	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	480	230	250
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	40,800	32,400	64,800	77,000	56,000	51,160	57,550	44,960	53,600	63,200	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	390	175	215	390	165	230	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	480	230	250
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,200	35,600	29,600	49,600	55,200	45,600	41,840	45,760	38,000	44,400	50,800	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	155	180	385	160	230	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	440	210	230
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	34,000	23,200	54,200	69,000	43,600	45,480	52,900	38,000	48,600	62,800	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	235	120	110	300	120	180	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	365	175	180
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,000	31,600	49,200	64,000	39,600	46,240	51,950	40,040	52,800	65,500	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	355	155	195	330	125	205	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	420	185	235
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,550	12,200	14,600	14,350	15,000	13,900	12,410	11,500	13,220	10,640	7,850	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25	0	0	60	20	45	837,180	441,665	395,515	55	20	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,200	...	...	5,600	7,000	5,000	7,040	6,380	7,780	10,800	5,000	13,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75	45	35	170	70	100	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	145	85	65
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,200	11,000	10,000	10,400	9,800	8,130	7,910	8,390	8,600	7,900	9,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	420	190	235	420	175	245	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	490	235	250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	60	55	100	35	60	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	195	115	75
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	56,000	42,400	82,000	139,000	75,000	58,400	62,800	53,600	65,500	63,200	67,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,000	58,000	44,000	98,000	140,000	76,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	70,500	72,000	68,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	80	35	45	180	75	105	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	160	60	100
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	28,400	19,400	21,000	26,000	19,800	18,600	21,400	16,600	21,200	36,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	30,000	22,000	28,400	36,000	23,200	28,160	32,120	24,360	34,000	62,000	19,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	66.5	74.0	59.0	82.0	84.0	78.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	83.0	90.0	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.0	66.0	50.0	58.0	60.0	56.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	74.5	80.0	67.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	33.6	27.0	41.0	18.4	14.8	22.0	20.1	15.8	25.6	17.4	9.8	27.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	x	x	1.4	1.0	1.7	1.7	1.5	2.0	2.2	0.6	4.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.5	6.6	6.4	7.1	6.0	8.2	5.4	4.8	6.1	5.7	5.0	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	5.6	4.5	6.6	5.6	7.6	4.6	4.3	5.1	5.0	4.6	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	405	185	225	385	170	210	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	500	225	270
Without total income	20	5	10	25	10	15	179,955	87,650	92,310	15	5	5
With total income	390	175	215	360	160	195	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	490	225	265
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	20	10	15	10	10	462,400	204,245	258,155	25	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	30	30	5	25	809,375	334,315	475,065	50	15	30
$20,000 to $29,999	110	40	70	50	25	30	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	65	20	40
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	30	40	15	25	896,520	414,070	482,445	60	30	35
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	20	40	20	20	849,005	411,680	437,325	65	30	35
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	15	30	10	25	687,020	345,720	341,305	50	20	30
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	5	25	5	15	503,110	271,695	231,415	50	25	25
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	20	10	15	367,455	208,475	158,980	25	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	10	0	5	284,690	158,760	125,930	35	15	20
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	5	0	5	198,140	112,355	85,780	20	10	10
$100,000 and over	15	5	5	80	55	30	556,780	365,700	191,080	45	30	20
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	0	40	20	15	385,890	245,635	140,260	35	15	15
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	45	35	10	170,890	120,065	50,820	15	10	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	405	185	225	385	170	210	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	500	225	270
Without after-tax income	20	5	10	25	10	15	177,960	86,610	91,355	15	5	5
With after-tax income	390	175	215	360	160	195	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	490	225	265
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30	20	10	20	10	15	495,035	214,000	281,030	25	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	30	35	10	25	853,250	356,480	496,765	50	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	125	45	75	65	30	30	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	70	25	45
$30,000 to $39,999	65	35	30	40	20	25	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	90	45	45
$40,000 to $49,999	45	15	30	55	20	40	994,235	505,970	488,265	65	30	35
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	15	25	15	15	691,015	372,870	318,145	65	25	35
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	20	10	15	459,665	251,490	208,170	40	20	25
$70,000 to $79,999	5	5	0	10	5	5	292,135	160,985	131,150	30	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	15	5	5	174,905	104,610	70,295	25	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	15	5	5	106,165	67,055	39,105	5	0	5
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	55	35	20	229,765	156,750	73,020	15	10	5
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	25	15	15	119,125	78,615	40,515	5	0	5
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	30	25	5	110,635	78,130	32,505	10	10	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	405	185	225	385	170	210	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	500	225	270
Without employment income	145	55	85	100	40	60	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	105	45	55
With employment income	260	125	135	285	130	155	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	395	185	215
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	25	25	50	20	35	644,075	331,770	312,300	40	20	20
$5,000 to $9,999	20	5	15	15	10	5	401,185	180,585	220,595	35	10	25
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	25	40	10	25	603,350	273,725	329,620	25	10	15
$20,000 to $29,999	35	15	20	30	15	15	495,105	228,670	266,435	35	10	25
$30,000 to $39,999	25	10	15	20	15	10	488,000	239,620	248,380	35	15	20
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	10	20	5	15	485,845	242,230	243,610	45	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	10	5	5	15	5	5	403,980	217,425	186,560	35	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	15	5	10	320,700	184,770	135,935	45	20	25
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	5	10	5	5	250,635	147,020	103,615	35	15	20
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	5	0	5	218,100	120,085	98,020	25	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	20	5	10
$100,000 and over	15	5	5	65	45	15	422,055	285,910	136,145	35	20	15
$100,000 to $124,999	10	0	5	15	10	5	205,085	133,500	71,585	25	15	10
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	45	35	10	216,965	152,410	64,555	15	10	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	405	185	220	385	175	215	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	500	230	270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	380	170	210	355	160	200	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	475	215	255
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,200	28,200	25,800	48,400	53,200	44,400	38,400	43,200	34,000	45,600	48,000	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	380	170	210	355	160	200	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	475	215	255
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,600	26,200	24,800	42,000	45,600	38,800	34,000	37,600	30,600	39,600	40,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	330	150	175	340	150	190	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	450	210	240
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	21,600	25,400	17,800	41,200	48,800	35,600	34,800	40,400	29,200	44,000	48,000	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	255	125	135	280	125	160	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	400	185	215
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,600	28,200	22,200	35,200	48,000	31,000	36,400	41,200	31,800	46,000	49,200	43,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	330	140	190	260	105	155	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	370	150	220
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	3,480	11,000	5,600	2,840	9,100	7,800	5,640	9,100	2,180	2,080	2,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25	15	10	35	5	25	727,165	390,255	336,910	45	25	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,500	x	x	4,600	x	6,360	5,000	4,760	5,280	3,800	4,080	2,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	420	190	230	425	175	245	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	490	230	250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	405	175	230	385	165	225	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	455	220	235
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,200	38,000	27,600	62,600	71,000	56,800	48,600	55,500	41,880	50,800	55,600	46,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	405	175	230	385	165	225	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	455	220	235
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,700	32,800	25,600	48,400	51,600	46,000	39,600	44,000	35,320	42,600	45,600	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	330	150	185	375	150	225	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	420	210	215
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	35,500	20,600	57,200	69,000	49,200	45,920	53,800	37,920	48,600	54,800	42,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	235	120	115	285	110	175	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	370	180	185
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,500	26,400	51,600	61,000	45,600	46,240	52,450	39,520	51,800	58,400	45,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	355	145	210	280	115	155	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	385	165	225
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,240	10,200	12,000	9,400	7,600	10,800	9,450	8,430	10,320	6,840	4,160	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	15	0	40	0	30	727,815	390,880	336,935	55	25	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,000	9,000	...	7,000	...	8,000	7,020	5,975	8,230	6,800	4,400	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	420	190	235	420	175	245	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	490	235	250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	115	60	55	95	30	60	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	195	115	75
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	43,200	57,600	42,400	81,000	105,000	80,000	54,800	60,000	49,200	58,400	58,400	62,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,000	56,000	40,000	90,000	120,000	74,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	64,000	66,000	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	80	45	40	175	70	105	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	150	50	100
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	20,400	9,500	26,200	21,400	26,400	23,600	27,200	21,000	37,600	41,200	30,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	27,000	16,000	33,200	37,000	30,800	33,000	37,800	28,360	41,000	54,000	34,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	69.0	78.0	60.0	89.0	92.0	86.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	89.0	94.0	82.0
Employment income (%)	60.0	72.0	48.0	62.0	60.0	64.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	82.0	88.0	76.0
Government transfers (%)	30.8	22.0	40.0	10.8	7.8	13.6	14.9	10.8	20.2	11.4	5.7	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	2.0	x	1.2	x	2.0	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.5	0.8	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	255	...	...	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	290	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	100,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	83,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	130	...	...	65	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,000	...	...	51,200	...	...	38,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	27,200	...	...	44,800	...	...	34,400	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	120	...	...	140	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	107,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	75,200	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	140	...	...	75	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	135	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	43,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	50,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	37,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	135	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	165	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	255	...	...	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	52,080	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	82,470	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	218,185	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	144,420	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	143,285	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	172,005	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	174,790	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	166,990	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	310,880	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	280,505	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	255,770	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	235,235	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	208,320	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	105	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	105	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	414,805	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	282,590	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	307,835	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	45	...	...	239,060	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	255	...	...	205	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	53,600	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	87,695	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	234,875	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	5	...	...	177,135	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	180,150	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	213,760	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	210,280	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	193,530	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	356,325	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	322,530	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	289,580	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	254,885	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	216,370	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	30	...	...	85	...	...	892,775	...	...	70	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	387,835	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	225,830	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	40	...	...	279,105	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	100	...	...	130	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	155	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	110,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	50	...	...	991,710	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	103,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	60	...	...	907,765	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	194,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	146,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	4.3	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	15	...	...	368,845	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	x	...	...	69,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	x	...	...	61,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	190	85	100	90	35	50	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	160	60	100
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,600	25,800	28,000	46,000	46,000	45,600	36,800	39,200	34,800	44,000	45,200	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,000	25,000	26,400	40,800	40,800	40,800	33,200	34,800	31,600	38,400	38,400	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	110	...	...	140	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	60	...	...	992,110	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	132,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	60	...	...	909,160	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	185,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	25	...	...	367,155	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	180	90	90	110	45	65	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	150	60	85
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	39,000	31,600	60,000	66,000	56,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	42,000	46,000	38,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	33,500	30,000	46,000	46,000	46,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	36,500	39,000	34,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	450	205	245	495	225	270	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	595	270	320
0 to 17 years	50	25	25	135	65	70	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	105	50	55
0 to 5 years	20	10	10	35	20	20	515,725	264,785	250,935	50	20	30
18 to 64 years	280	140	140	270	120	150	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	415	200	215
65 years and over	120	45	80	95	40	55	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	70	25	45
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	140	65	75	40	20	20	992,235	463,295	528,940	65	25	40
0 to 17 years	20	10	10	10	10	5	159,530	82,000	77,530	10	5	10
0 to 5 years	0	5	0	5	5	0	53,105	27,240	25,870	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	75	40	35	15	5	10	515,470	256,435	259,035	40	15	20
65 years and over	40	10	30	10	5	5	317,235	124,865	192,370	15	0	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	30.8	31.0	31.0	8.0	8.0	7.6	11.9	11.2	12.7	10.8	9.0	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	40.0	50.0	30.0	8.0	10.0	x	9.7	9.7	9.7	10.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	28.0	30.0	26.0	7.0	6.0	8.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	9.0	8.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	34.0	20.0	40.0	10.0	12.0	10.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	20.0	x	24.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	445	205	240	495	225	270	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	590	275	320
0 to 17 years	45	20	25	130	65	70	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	110	50	55
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	35	15	20	511,400	262,535	248,860	45	20	25
18 to 64 years	275	140	135	270	125	145	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	420	195	220
65 years and over	120	40	80	95	40	50	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	70	25	45
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	95	55	45	25	10	15	439,850	223,055	216,795	35	10	20
0 to 17 years	15	10	5	5	5	0	61,665	31,610	30,060	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	0	0	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	65	40	25	20	5	10	313,970	167,015	146,955	25	10	15
65 years and over	15	5	10	0	0	0	64,210	24,430	39,780	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	22.0	27.0	18.0	4.4	4.5	4.0	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.6	4.5	6.4
0 to 17 years (%)	36.0	50.0	25.0	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	24.0	29.0	18.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	5.6	5.0	6.0
65 years and over (%)	14.0	10.0	16.0	x	x	x	4.0	3.3	4.7	10.0	x	12.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	450	205	245	495	225	270	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	595	270	320
In bottom half of the distribution	330	150	180	225	95	130	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	305	135	170
In bottom decile	130	65	65	50	20	25	851,840	407,705	444,140	60	20	35
In second decile	80	30	45	30	10	20	920,490	434,730	485,760	55	20	35
In third decile	55	20	30	70	25	40	969,255	471,650	497,600	55	30	20
In fourth decile	35	20	15	40	15	25	978,345	482,760	495,590	75	30	45
In fifth decile	35	15	20	35	20	25	947,090	473,285	473,810	65	25	35
In top half of the distribution	115	55	65	270	130	140	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	290	140	150
In sixth decile	35	15	25	40	20	20	899,660	454,970	444,690	50	20	25
In seventh decile	30	20	10	20	10	15	837,225	425,400	411,830	80	40	40
In eighth decile	20	10	15	40	20	20	752,410	383,450	368,955	65	30	30
In ninth decile	10	5	10	55	30	25	634,425	325,700	308,730	50	25	20
In top decile	15	5	10	115	55	60	517,725	267,160	250,565	45	20	30
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	445	...	...	495	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	590	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.362	...	...	0.408	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.546	...	...	0.506	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.378	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.320	...	...	0.338	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	4.8	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	455	205	250	495	225	265	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	590	275	320
English only	75	40	35	50	30	25	445,575	228,840	216,735	10	0	5
French only	110	45	65	75	35	40	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	180	80	100
English and French	265	120	145	365	160	205	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	400	195	210
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	0	0	82,075	35,200	46,875	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	455	205	250	495	225	265	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	590	275	320
English	145	65	75	95	40	60	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	35	10	25
French	280	120	160	360	170	190	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	540	255	285
English and French	25	20	15	35	10	20	329,515	169,050	160,465	10	10	5
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	0	0	79,000	33,590	45,410	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	455	205	250	495	225	265	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	590	275	320
Single responses	425	190	240	465	220	250	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	570	260	310
Official languages	335	145	190	370	175	195	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	475	210	265
English	100	40	60	50	15	35	639,365	323,170	316,195	20	0	15
French	235	105	135	325	160	165	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	455	210	245
Non-official languages	90	40	50	95	40	55	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	95	50	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	40	50	95	40	55	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	95	50	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	10	5	0	233,220	122,895	110,320	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	0	5	10	5	0	204,600	107,735	96,865	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5	5	5	0	198,785	104,765	94,020	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	5	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	25	25	75	30	45	595,790	290,670	305,115	50	30	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	5	0	0	68,295	30,855	37,435	5	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	5	0	0	67,565	30,570	36,995	5	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	5	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5	0	5	31,700	14,115	17,590	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	45	20	25	25,580	12,440	13,140	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	5	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	40	20	20	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	5	5	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	0	0	0	0	101,450	52,780	48,665	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15	20	5	10	346,000	167,870	178,130	45	25	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0	5	0	5	90,940	44,080	46,865	5	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	25	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	15	15	5	5	177,155	86,490	90,660	15	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	5	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	87,540	40,170	47,375	0	0	0
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	87,155	39,990	47,160	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	5	15	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	5	5	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	5	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	20	10	25	10	20	308,550	155,455	153,095	20	10	15
English and French	15	10	5	10	5	10	126,405	64,585	61,820	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	10	0	10	49,485	24,660	24,825	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	5	0	5	94,205	46,880	47,320	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	455	205	250	495	225	265	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	590	275	320
English	100	45	55	45	20	25	623,305	313,780	309,520	5	0	5
French	205	95	110	295	140	150	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	440	210	230
Non-official language	25	10	15	40	15	20	366,730	177,410	189,315	15	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	40	15	20	343,650	165,830	177,825	15	10	10
English and French	60	25	35	45	20	25	497,380	256,735	240,645	45	15	30
English and non-official language(s)	15	15	5	30	15	20	205,755	102,290	103,470	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	20	10	10	375,795	179,585	196,210	50	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	15	5	15	284,940	141,275	143,665	25	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	455	205	250	495	225	265	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	590	275	320
Single responses	415	190	225	480	220	260	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	570	265	305
Official languages	365	165	205	415	190	225	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	540	245	290
English	115	50	65	70	25	40	874,185	438,570	435,615	35	10	25
French	255	115	135	350	165	185	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	505	235	265
Non-official languages	45	20	20	65	25	35	662,615	322,860	339,750	35	15	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	20	20	65	25	35	628,365	305,820	322,555	35	15	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	116,685	59,645	57,040	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	104,890	53,505	51,380	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0	0	0	0	102,120	52,125	49,990	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	60	25	35	336,635	164,100	172,535	25	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	45	20	25	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	45	20	25	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	0	5	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	10	5	5	182,585	88,060	94,525	20	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	5	0	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	10	5	5	112,915	55,870	57,050	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	20	20	15	10	10	357,245	176,070	181,175	20	10	10
English and French	25	10	10	10	0	5	137,120	69,025	68,095	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	5	5	0	116,595	56,445	60,150	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0	0	0	39,875	19,575	20,300	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	455	205	250	495	225	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	595	275	320
None	365	165	195	385	180	205	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	480	220	255
English	35	20	15	50	20	30	353,690	183,470	170,225	30	15	20
French	15	0	10	15	5	10	259,425	127,380	132,040	30	15	15
Non-official language	20	10	10	30	15	15	269,715	129,830	139,890	35	15	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	30	15	15	264,405	127,330	137,070	35	15	20
English and French	5	0	5	0	0	0	61,955	31,425	30,525	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	10	0	10	76,755	38,765	37,990	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	5	0	0	55,860	26,915	28,945	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	480	220	255	520	215	305	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	610	280	325
Official languages	470	215	255	520	215	305	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	605	280	325
English	345	165	180	445	190	255	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	370	200	170
French	400	185	215	455	175	280	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	595	280	320
Non-official languages	155	70	80	205	85	120	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	185	80	105
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	70	80	205	85	120	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	185	80	105
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	15	10	0	385,210	201,105	184,100	70	35	30
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	15	15	10	0	363,875	190,005	173,870	70	35	30
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	15	0	0	0	343,675	179,750	163,930	70	35	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	15	10	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	40	35	185	75	115	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	125	45	75
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	65,625	33,305	32,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	125	50	70	57,640	29,540	28,105	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	40	20	15	44,170	22,715	21,450	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	80	30	50	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	25	35	65	30	35	684,830	324,095	360,735	105	30	75
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	15	0	15	168,040	82,400	85,645	10	0	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	30	0	25
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	50	25	30	60	30	30	453,905	210,400	243,505	65	25	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	15	30	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	0	0	0
Chinese languages	45	15	30	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	15	30	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	475	220	255	520	215	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	610	285	325
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	460	210	250	500	200	295	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	610	285	325
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	475	220	255	520	215	300	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	610	285	325
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	475	220	255	520	215	300	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	610	285	325
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
Owner	35	...	...	110	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	110	...	...
Renter	225	...	...	110	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	190	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	30	...	...	515,590	...	...	25	...	...
Not condominium	255	...	...	190	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	270	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	135	...	...	40	...	...	623,295	...	...	85	...	...
2 bedrooms	105	...	...	65	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	135	...	...
3 bedrooms	15	...	...	65	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	65	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	45	...	...	730,330	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	215	...	...	65	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	145	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	30	...	...	645,635	...	...	75	...	...
6 rooms	15	...	...	35	...	...	435,225	...	...	35	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	30	...	...	403,225	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	15	...	...	50	...	...	886,180	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.0	...	...	5.9	...	...	5.8	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
One person or fewer per room	260	...	...	215	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	295	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
Suitable	250	...	...	210	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	275	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	0	...	...	142,775	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
1960 or before	160	...	...	210	...	...	879,375	...	...	210	...	...
1961 to 1980	60	...	...	10	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	55	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	0	...	...	509,120	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	0	...	...	385,315	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	10	...	...	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	240	...	...	200	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	250	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	20	...	...	236,110	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
One-maintainer household	165	...	...	125	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	160	...	...
Two-maintainer household	80	...	...	85	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	130	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	15	...	...	89,875	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	30	...	...	117,525	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	40	...	...	25	...	...	525,540	...	...	85	...	...
35 to 44 years	30	...	...	15	...	...	647,165	...	...	95	...	...
45 to 54 years	25	...	...	25	...	...	628,630	...	...	35	...	...
55 to 64 years	50	...	...	35	...	...	760,395	...	...	30	...	...
65 to 74 years	60	...	...	50	...	...	629,965	...	...	10	...	...
75 to 84 years	35	...	...	25	...	...	336,170	...	...	20	...	...
85 years and over	25	...	...	15	...	...	103,640	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	260	...	...	215	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	300	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	165	...	...	180	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	245	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	95	...	...	35	...	...	595,690	...	...	50	...	...
30% to less than 100%	75	...	...	35	...	...	542,060	...	...	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	265	...	...	215	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	295	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	45	...	...	901,440	...	...	95	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	80	...	...	30	...	...	537,090	...	...	35	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	0	...	...	112,775	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	10	...	...	179,840	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	10	...	...	41,740	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	145	...	...	170	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	245	...	...	215	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	295	...	...
In core need	45	...	...	0	...	...	218,275	...	...	25	...	...
Not in core need	200	...	...	215	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40	...	...	110	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	105	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	75.0	...	...	63.6	...	...	62.2	...	...	81.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	23.8	...	...	10.0	...	...	14.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,680	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,720	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,680	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	900,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	560,000	...	...	1,020,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	600,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	225	...	...	110	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	185	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.9	...	...	0.0	...	...	25.2	...	...	18.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	950	...	...	810	...	...	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...	1,020	...	...	886	...	...	840	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	475	220	255	515	215	305	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	610	285	330
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10	10	0	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10	10	0	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10	10	0	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	25	10	15	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	30	15	15
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	25	10	15	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	30	15	15
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	445	200	240	515	210	305	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	575	265	305
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	475	220	260	520	210	305	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	610	285	325
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	425	195	225	405	155	245	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	555	260	295
Canadian citizens aged under 18	55	30	25	90	25	60	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	135	55	80
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	375	165	205	315	130	185	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	415	205	215
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	50	25	30	115	55	60	518,265	264,490	253,775	55	25	30
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	475	220	260	520	210	305	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	610	285	325
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	350	165	185	345	125	215	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	435	210	230
Immigrants⁸¹	115	50	65	140	65	75	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	170	75	90
Before 1980	30	15	10	35	20	10	187,200	91,895	95,300	30	0	25
1980 to 1990	10	10	0	10	0	0	124,610	61,850	62,755	20	10	10
1991 to 2000	10	0	10	20	0	15	190,495	91,635	98,860	10	10	0
2001 to 2010	35	10	25	20	10	10	312,210	150,825	161,390	40	20	25
2011 to 2021⁸²	30	15	15	50	25	30	396,090	192,745	203,340	65	35	35
2011 to 2015	10	0	10	10	0	0	193,345	93,485	99,855	35	10	20
2016 to 2021	20	15	10	40	15	25	202,740	99,260	103,480	35	25	15
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	0	0	40	20	15	205,770	113,500	92,275	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	115	45	65	135	65	75	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	170	75	90
Under 5 years	0	0	0	10	0	0	112,295	56,755	55,540	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	15	0	15	20	0	10	201,385	101,555	99,835	10	10	0
15 to 24 years	20	10	10	30	20	10	213,035	96,175	116,860	40	10	30
25 to 44 years	65	30	35	70	25	40	594,845	292,975	301,875	105	60	45
45 years and over	10	0	0	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	115	45	65	135	65	75	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	170	75	90
Americas	15	0	15	20	20	0	264,885	121,740	143,145	25	10	15
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	10	0	10
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	20	20	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	0	0	0
Europe	35	25	10	100	40	55	309,015	154,110	154,910	85	30	55
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	65	20	45	93,160	49,870	43,290	55	25	30
Germany	0	0	0	10	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	20	0	20
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	15	10	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0	302,010	153,655	148,355	45	30	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	15	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	20	15	0
Asia	60	25	40	15	0	10	332,925	158,445	174,475	15	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	15	0	10	44,455	20,665	23,790	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	25	15	10	45	20	30	202,740	99,265	103,480	35	25	15
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	40	15	30	33,705	17,520	16,185	20	15	10
France	0	0	0	40	15	30	20,980	11,325	9,655	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	15	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	20	10	10	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	480	220	255	520	215	305	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	610	285	325
First generation¹⁰⁰	135	65	70	185	90	90	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	175	80	100
Second generation¹⁰¹	85	25	55	115	30	85	883,485	446,000	437,490	130	60	65
Third generation or more¹⁰²	260	135	125	220	90	135	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	305	145	160
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	90	30	50	100	45	60	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	135	70	65
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	65	30	35	65	25	45	559,935	290,040	269,895	95	65	40
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	35	20	15	25	15	10	267,870	161,125	106,740	65	40	25
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	25	10	25	35	0	35	292,070	128,915	163,155	35	20	15
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	15	0	15	30	20	10	272,255	109,735	162,515	35	0	25
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	10	0	10	175,740	89,995	85,740	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	90	30	50	100	45	60	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	135	70	65
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	0	0	15	10	0	94,185	46,445	47,740	20	10	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	10	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	10	0	20	10	10	48,805	27,680	21,130	20	15	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	60	20	45	55	25	35	756,120	358,700	397,420	90	45	50
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	475	220	255	520	215	305	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	610	285	325
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	115	50	70	20	0	15	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	130	70	60
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	0	0	0
Chinese	50	15	30	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	0	0	0
Black	15	0	15	0	0	0	422,405	206,335	216,070	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	0	0	0	280,075	146,990	133,085	65	35	30
Latin American	10	0	0	0	0	0	172,925	85,035	87,880	30	15	15
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	25	10	15
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	360	175	185	495	210	290	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	480	215	265
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	475	220	255	520	210	305	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	615	280	325
Canadian	90	40	50	80	35	40	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	100	50	55
English	20	0	20	15	0	0	177,710	88,910	88,800	10	0	0
Irish	70	30	45	30	15	20	404,190	193,440	210,745	50	25	35
Scottish	15	0	15	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	10	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	110	45	60	210	100	115	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	255	120	130
German	10	0	10	20	10	10	124,305	60,295	64,010	20	10	10
Chinese	20	10	10	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	15	0	10
Italian	40	20	20	15	0	10	316,315	157,600	158,720	35	15	20
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	25	15	0	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	10	0	0
Québécois	30	20	15	40	20	20	931,940	465,630	466,305	75	45	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	30	20	10	15	0	15	588,805	290,630	298,180	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	15	0	10	149,955	75,935	74,020	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	15	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	0	10	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	35	0	25
American	0	0	0	55	20	35	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	10	10	10	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15	0	15	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	45	20	25	57,320	29,015	28,305	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	25	15	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	10	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	20	10	10	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	25	10	15	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	15	10	10
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	30	10	25
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	25	15	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	20	0	15
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	475	220	255	515	215	305	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	610	285	325
Buddhist	10	0	0	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	275	120	155	150	50	100	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	170	65	105
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	20	15	0	0	0	0	464,020	229,155	234,860	25	10	20
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	10	0	10	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0
Catholic	225	105	125	130	45	80	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	130	45	85
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	15	0	10	145,805	70,840	74,965	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	105	45	60	84,530	41,470	43,065	0	0	0
Muslim	25	15	15	0	0	0	421,710	218,255	203,455	70	35	35
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	170	85	85	260	120	145	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	350	180	170
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	475	220	260	515	210	295	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	595	275	320
Non-movers	375	170	205	455	180	270	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	535	240	290
Movers	95	50	50	55	35	25	945,290	466,750	478,540	65	30	35
Non-migrants	45	20	25	50	25	25	543,670	268,740	274,925	60	30	25
Migrants	55	30	25	10	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	10	0	10
Internal migrants	15	15	0	10	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	10	0	10
Intraprovincial migrants	15	10	0	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	10	0	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	0	0	0
External migrants	35	15	20	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	465	215	255	500	205	295	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	550	255	295
Non-movers	230	95	135	280	110	170	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	315	140	175
Movers	235	120	120	215	95	120	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	235	120	120
Non-migrants	145	70	70	110	40	75	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	150	70	80
Migrants	95	45	50	105	55	50	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	85	50	35
Internal migrants	50	25	25	40	15	15	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	65	40	25
Intraprovincial migrants	45	20	25	40	15	15	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	65	40	25
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	0	0	0
External migrants	45	20	20	70	35	30	320,090	166,115	153,975	20	10	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	420	190	230	420	175	245	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	490	235	250
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	85	40	40	20	10	15	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	70	20	55
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	340	155	185	410	170	235	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	415	210	200
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	245	125	120	215	80	140	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	385	200	185
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	15	15	10	10	0	642,800	382,415	260,380	20	10	10
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	210	110	105	210	70	140	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	365	190	175
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	425	195	230	425	180	245	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	485	230	250
No certificate, diploma or degree	80	40	45	15	0	10	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	70	15	55
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	105	50	55	95	35	55	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	65	35	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	235	100	135	315	135	180	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	355	180	175
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105	40	65	100	55	45	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	130	70	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	20	30	30	10	15	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	40	25	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	20	30	15	0	0	793,030	427,220	365,815	30	20	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	15	0	10	303,330	239,705	63,620	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	15	35	40	20	20	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	65	40	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	30	25	10	252,815	102,150	150,665	25	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	125	60	70	220	90	135	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	225	110	115
Bachelor's degree	80	45	35	85	40	50	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	130	70	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	0	10	149,425	66,595	82,825	20	20	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	45	15	35	85	25	60	360,795	174,150	186,645	80	25	55
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	25	15	10	63,270	36,320	26,955	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	245	120	120	215	75	135	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	385	200	190
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	15	20	0	0	0	525,155	303,815	221,345	15	10	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35	25	10	25	10	15	752,855	388,160	364,700	40	25	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	175	80	90	190	65	120	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	335	170	165
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	35	25	40	10	25	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	110	65	45
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	20	0	10	0	10	836,455	498,385	338,075	40	25	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	15	0	0	0	0	609,895	319,470	290,425	30	15	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	15	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30	10	25	10	0	10	838,140	372,455	465,685	50	35	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	10	0	0	174,695	72,115	102,580	25	0	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	115	50	65	155	60	100	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	220	105	115
Bachelor's degree	70	35	30	45	15	30	802,755	343,100	459,650	120	65	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	0	10	119,460	50,155	69,310	20	20	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	45	15	30	70	25	45	302,065	140,530	161,530	75	20	55
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	15	10	10	49,500	26,520	22,985	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	425	190	230	425	180	245	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	485	235	255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	190	85	95	110	40	65	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	130	50	80
Education	10	0	10	20	0	15	292,470	65,830	226,640	25	0	25
13. Education	10	0	10	20	0	15	292,470	65,830	226,640	25	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	10	10	40	20	20	166,900	75,420	91,480	20	10	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	40	20	20	143,365	58,875	84,490	20	10	15
Humanities	15	10	10	50	15	40	228,770	90,810	137,960	25	10	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15	0	15	35,440	8,360	27,080	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	15	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	10	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	0	10	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	10	30	65	30	45	430,845	142,280	288,570	70	30	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	10	0	10	57,080	19,060	38,020	15	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	15	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15	10	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	15	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	10	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	10	10	0
45. Social sciences	20	0	20	30	0	15	134,510	67,065	67,440	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	55	10	45	40	25	15	950,820	357,290	593,535	70	25	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	10	40	40	25	15	894,690	344,770	549,925	65	25	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	15	10	0	158,655	83,605	75,050	15	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	20	20	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	25	0	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	20	20	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	15	0	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	30	0	35	10	25	866,885	778,835	88,060	60	55	0
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	10	0	10	33,975	19,075	14,895	15	15	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	0	0	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	30	30	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	10	30	15	0	10	515,215	101,455	413,760	25	15	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	10	30	10	0	10	470,150	78,875	391,275	25	15	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	10	0	10	291,295	157,925	133,365	15	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	10	154,335	42,710	111,625	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	245	125	120	215	75	135	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	385	200	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	70	40	30	30	15	15	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	55	30	25
Education	0	0	0	10	0	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	25	0	25
13. Education	0	0	0	10	0	10	195,595	39,630	155,965	25	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	30	15	15	129,065	58,170	70,895	20	10	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	30	15	15	110,860	45,555	65,305	20	10	15
Humanities	15	10	0	20	10	10	144,140	56,410	87,730	25	10	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	10	20	35	0	30	334,475	103,635	230,840	65	35	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	15	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	15	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	15	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	10	10	0
45. Social sciences	25	0	20	10	0	10	101,105	49,385	51,720	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	35	0	30	25	10	15	741,390	268,705	472,685	70	30	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	30	0	25	25	10	15	697,775	259,725	438,045	65	30	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	10	0	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	0	20	20	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	20	0	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	20	20	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	15	0	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	30	0	20	0	20	665,365	588,950	76,415	55	50	0
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	15	0	15	27,250	14,670	12,580	20	15	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	0	0	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	25	25	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	10	20	15	0	10	387,725	74,730	312,995	25	15	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	10	20	10	0	0	352,905	58,735	294,170	25	15	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	10	0	10	229,120	122,320	106,800	15	15	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	10	120,395	31,320	89,075	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	245	125	120	215	75	135	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	385	200	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	70	40	30	30	15	15	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	55	30	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	175	85	90	190	70	120	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	330	170	160
Location of study inside Canada	105	55	50	135	40	90	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	265	125	135
Same as province or territory of residence	105	50	50	110	35	70	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	265	125	135
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	25	0	20	116,855	57,870	58,990	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	65	25	40	60	20	35	414,490	209,160	205,330	70	40	30
Americas	25	0	15	10	0	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	0	10	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	40	15	25	138,260	74,045	64,210	35	25	10
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	35	15	20	77,225	43,085	34,135	35	20	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	20	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	15	10	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	40	15	20	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	425	195	230	425	180	245	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	485	230	250
In the labour force	200	100	95	290	130	160	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	360	180	175
Employed	185	90	95	265	115	145	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	345	170	175
Unemployed	10	10	0	30	15	15	335,015	176,245	158,775	15	15	0
Not in the labour force	225	90	135	135	50	85	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	130	55	75
Participation rate	47.1	51.3	41.3	68.2	72.2	65.3	64.1	67.4	60.9	74.2	78.3	70.0
Employment rate	43.5	46.2	41.3	62.4	63.9	59.2	59.3	62.3	56.3	71.1	73.9	70.0
Unemployment rate	5.0	10.0	0.0	10.3	11.5	9.4	7.6	7.7	7.4	4.2	8.3	0.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	425	190	230	425	180	245	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	485	235	255
Did not work¹⁸⁶	220	85	135	120	55	65	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	115	45	70
Worked	205	105	100	300	125	180	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	370	190	185
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	120	65	55	100	40	60	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	200	120	80
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	85	40	40	200	80	115	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	165	65	105
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.8	44.8	42.8	38.2	40.8	36.4	41.3	41.7	40.8	41.4	44.0	38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	195	100	90	290	125	160	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	355	180	175
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	195	100	90	280	120	155	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	350	180	175
Employee	170	85	85	220	95	125	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	310	145	165
Permanent position	145	70	75	175	75	100	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	270	130	140
Temporary position	25	10	10	40	20	20	623,510	296,655	326,850	45	20	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	10	10	30	20	10	217,905	94,210	123,700	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	0	0	0	15	0	15	405,605	202,450	203,155	40	20	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	15	10	60	30	30	530,720	324,555	206,165	40	30	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	195	100	90	290	125	160	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	355	180	175
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	195	100	90	280	120	155	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	350	180	175
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	15	10	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	20	30	50	20	35	778,905	256,150	522,760	70	25	40
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	20	15	50	25	20	360,495	272,510	87,985	60	40	20
3 Health occupations	20	0	15	10	0	0	359,665	70,075	289,590	10	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25	15	10	70	20	50	558,725	166,020	392,700	60	10	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	15	0	25	10	15	146,560	72,400	74,165	10	0	10
6 Sales and service occupations	35	15	25	30	10	25	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	90	50	40
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15	15	0	25	25	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	45	40	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	195	100	90	290	125	160	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	355	180	175
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	195	100	90	280	120	155	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	350	180	175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	10	10	0	15	15	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	15	15	0	0	0	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	10	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	0	0	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	20	10	10	0	0	0	514,090	248,905	265,185	35	20	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	15	0	15	15	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	15	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	10	10	0	94,130	57,495	36,630	20	10	10
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	10	10	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	35	20	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	0	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	20	10	55	20	35	345,345	193,365	151,985	55	35	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	10	0	10	171,345	104,695	66,645	15	0	10
61 Educational services	15	10	10	40	0	35	340,885	104,300	236,590	30	0	30
62 Health care and social assistance	20	0	20	15	0	0	617,200	122,675	494,525	20	0	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	10	0	40	20	20	72,700	38,810	33,890	10	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	10	0	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	20	10	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	10	10	20	0	15	190,470	89,730	100,735	25	0	20
91 Public administration	10	0	0	15	0	10	290,765	144,705	146,055	30	15	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	225	115	105	320	125	190	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	380	195	185
English	30	20	10	50	20	35	350,525	195,385	155,145	10	0	10
French	75	35	35	130	40	95	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	200	90	110
Non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	100	50	50	120	60	60	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	165	100	65
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	10	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	225	115	105	320	125	190	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	380	195	185
Single responses	180	100	80	295	120	180	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	360	175	180
Official languages	165	95	75	295	120	180	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	350	170	180
English	55	35	25	105	50	50	668,485	365,785	302,695	50	35	15
French	110	65	45	195	65	125	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	300	140	170
Non-official languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	15	30	20	0	10	269,365	142,370	126,995	25	20	0
English and French	45	15	30	20	0	10	249,945	132,640	117,300	25	20	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	225	115	105	320	125	190	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	380	195	185
None	150	70	75	205	70	140	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	230	115	120
English	35	25	15	50	25	30	720,960	391,075	329,885	105	50	50
French	30	15	10	45	30	15	302,145	161,340	140,805	40	30	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	10	10	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	10	10	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	185	90	95	260	115	145	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	345	170	175
Worked at home	60	25	35	115	55	65	897,770	435,285	462,480	120	55	65
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	20	20	0	45	25	20	442,035	333,730	108,305	25	25	0
Usual place of work	110	45	60	100	40	60	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	200	85	110
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	110	50	60	105	40	60	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	195	80	110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	75	40	40	105	40	60	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	175	65	105
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	0	0	0	0	0	419,210	203,335	215,875	10	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	0	20	0	0	0	823,150	442,385	380,765	15	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	130	70	60	145	60	85	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	220	110	115
Car, truck or van	60	40	20	75	35	30	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	110	75	35
Car, truck or van - as a driver	60	40	20	55	35	15	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	110	75	35
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	15	0	15	150,535	63,495	87,040	0	0	0
Public transit	55	15	35	35	10	25	287,345	120,460	166,885	70	30	35
Walked	0	0	0	25	0	25	178,645	78,570	100,075	25	0	20
Bicycle	0	0	0	10	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	10	0	10
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	130	70	60	145	60	85	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	220	110	115
Less than 15 minutes	0	0	0	35	0	35	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	45	10	35
15 to 29 minutes	35	20	15	45	20	25	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	80	35	45
30 to 44 minutes	60	30	25	45	30	15	635,870	363,430	272,445	50	30	20
45 to 59 minutes	25	10	20	10	0	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	45	30	15
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	206,480	126,635	79,840	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	130	70	60	145	60	85	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	220	110	115
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	10	10	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	15	15	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15	15	0	0	0	0	569,745	368,480	201,265	30	15	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	30	15	20	30	10	20	935,640	441,465	494,170	65	20	45
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	15	20	35	10	25	626,895	259,220	367,675	55	25	30
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10	10	0	40	25	20	330,930	142,495	188,435	45	20	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35	20	15	35	15	20	489,685	284,160	205,530	15	15	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	50	25	25	130	65	65	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	110	50	60
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	5	10	35	15	20	303,835	156,030	147,805	25	10	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	15	100	50	45	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	80	45	45
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	35	15	20	95	50	50	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	65	30	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	0	5	25	10	15	230,080	118,075	112,005	20	5	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	0	5	20	5	10	175,305	90,000	85,305	15	5	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	5	5	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	15	75	40	35	992,895	508,315	484,580	50	25	25

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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