Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661004More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662626More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24662786More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	532	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	632	...	...	552	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	282	...	...	976,966	...	...	419	...	...	183	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	269	...	...	910,359	...	...	385	...	...	183	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	9,655.2	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	11,087.7	...	...	3,692.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.06	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.06	...	...	0.15	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	535	255	280	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	630	335	300	550	280	270
0 to 14 years	65	30	35	309,765	158,545	151,225	85	50	35	70	30	40
0 to 4 years	20	5	10	99,195	50,760	48,435	30	25	10	15	10	5
5 to 9 years	25	10	15	106,985	54,660	52,320	20	10	10	20	10	15
10 to 14 years	20	10	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	30	15	15	35	10	20
15 to 64 years	390	190	200	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	455	235	215	375	195	175
15 to 19 years	20	15	10	97,525	49,340	48,180	20	15	10	40	25	20
20 to 24 years	30	20	15	140,025	70,895	69,125	50	25	25	50	25	20
25 to 29 years	50	20	20	165,525	83,630	81,895	70	30	40	35	20	15
30 to 34 years	60	30	30	157,725	78,995	78,730	50	20	25	15	10	5
35 to 39 years	45	20	25	149,265	74,115	75,155	50	20	30	20	10	10
40 to 44 years	30	10	20	142,365	70,920	71,445	50	30	20	25	15	15
45 to 49 years	40	15	20	125,505	62,690	62,815	50	25	25	40	20	20
50 to 54 years	25	15	15	121,710	61,735	59,975	40	25	15	45	20	20
55 to 59 years	40	25	15	125,465	63,810	61,655	45	30	20	55	25	25
60 to 64 years	50	20	25	118,065	57,920	60,140	35	20	15	50	25	25
65 years and over	80	30	50	351,325	151,210	200,120	95	45	50	105	55	50
65 to 69 years	20	10	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	40	20	20	30	15	15
70 to 74 years	25	5	20	86,030	39,185	46,845	20	5	10	20	15	10
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	20	10	10	20	10	5
80 to 84 years	10	5	10	46,875	18,960	27,915	10	5	5	15	10	10
85 years and over	10	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	10	0	5	20	10	10
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	0	5	10	5	5
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0	5	5	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	5	0	5	5	5	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.1	11.8	12.5	15.5	16.1	14.8	13.5	14.9	11.7	12.7	10.7	14.8
15 to 64 years	72.9	74.5	71.4	67.0	68.5	65.6	72.2	70.1	71.7	68.2	69.6	64.8
65 years and over	15.0	11.8	17.9	17.5	15.4	19.6	15.1	13.4	16.7	19.1	19.6	18.5
85 years and over	1.9	0.0	1.8	2.8	1.9	3.6	1.6	0.0	1.7	3.6	3.6	3.7
Average age of the population	41.4	40.6	42.2	41.0	39.8	42.1	40.5	40.3	40.8	44.2	44.2	44.4
Median age of the population	38.4	37.2	40.0	39.6	38.4	40.4	39.6	41.2	37.6	48.0	47.2	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	385	...	...	180	...	...
Single-detached house	25	...	...	100,615	...	...	5	...	...	110	...	...
Semi-detached house	10	...	...	32,530	...	...	5	...	...	70	...	...
Row house	10	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	115	...	...	110,440	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	115	...	...	479,885	...	...	335	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	35	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	265	...	...	910,355	...	...	385	...	...	185	...	...
1 person	120	...	...	367,400	...	...	240	...	...	25	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	271,730	...	...	85	...	...	60	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	118,205	...	...	30	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	98,205	...	...	20	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	54,820	...	...	10	...	...	30	...	...
Number of persons in private households	535	255	280	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	630	335	300	545	275	265
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.6	...	...	3.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	465	225	245	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	550	285	265	480	250	230
Married or living common-law	220	110	110	822,440	414,330	408,115	170	85	80	280	140	140
Married	140	65	70	577,060	289,455	287,600	100	50	45	240	115	120
Living common-law	80	40	40	245,385	124,870	120,510	70	35	35	40	20	25
Living common law - Never married	80	35	40	207,040	104,785	102,250	70	35	30	25	10	15
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	5	0	5	10	10	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	245	110	130	872,060	410,935	461,125	380	195	185	205	115	90
Not married and not living common law - Never married	170	90	80	627,845	333,150	294,700	270	145	130	165	95	70
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	15	5	5	5	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	20	30	126,605	46,380	80,225	70	35	30	15	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	0	20	82,815	16,590	66,225	30	10	20	25	10	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	125	...	...	495,445	...	...	125	...	...	160	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	251,075	...	...	70	...	...	70	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	107,265	...	...	30	...	...	40	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	93,300	...	...	15	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	5	...	...	20	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	130	...	...	495,445	...	...	125	...	...	165	...	...
Total couple families	105	...	...	395,645	...	...	75	...	...	140	...	...
Married couples	60	...	...	273,070	...	...	40	...	...	120	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	162,745	...	...	25	...	...	75	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	110,325	...	...	15	...	...	45	...	...
Common-law couples	45	...	...	122,570	...	...	35	...	...	20	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	44,875	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	77,700	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...
Total one-parent families	20	...	...	99,805	...	...	50	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	80,530	...	...	35	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	530	255	280	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	635	330	300	545	275	265
Total - Persons in census families	350	165	180	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	345	170	175	510	260	250
Married spouses or common-law partners	215	110	105	791,280	398,495	392,785	155	80	80	275	140	140
Parents in one-parent families	25	0	20	99,805	19,275	80,525	45	10	40	30	10	15
Children⁶	115	55	60	541,905	284,935	256,965	140	80	55	210	115	95
In a two-parent family	85	40	45	392,250	205,155	187,095	65	45	25	175	95	75
In a one-parent family	30	20	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	70	40	35	35	15	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	185	85	100	526,370	262,915	263,450	285	165	125	35	15	20
Living alone	120	55	70	367,395	175,660	191,740	245	135	105	25	10	15
Living with other relatives⁷	20	10	10	49,280	22,020	27,255	10	5	5	5	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	45	25	15	109,690	65,235	44,455	35	20	15	5	5	0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	270	...	...	910,360	...	...	385	...	...	185	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	115	...	...	455,970	...	...	115	...	...	145	...	...
Couple-family households	100	...	...	370,250	...	...	75	...	...	130	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...	194,165	...	...	35	...	...	85	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	176,085	...	...	35	...	...	45	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	85,720	...	...	45	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...	10	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	25	...	...	55,210	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
One-person households	120	...	...	367,395	...	...	240	...	...	25	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	465	220	240	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	550	280	265	475	250	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	215	240	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	540	275	260	460	235	225
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	36,400	36,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	29,800	30,400	29,400	41,600	44,000	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	215	240	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	540	275	260	460	235	225
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	32,800	33,200	34,000	35,200	32,800	28,400	28,600	28,000	36,800	38,800	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	405	190	215	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	405	210	195	415	220	200
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,800	30,400	26,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	23,400	25,800	20,400	34,400	40,000	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	330	165	165	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	350	190	170	325	175	155
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	30,400	28,400	32,800	36,000	29,600	24,800	27,400	21,600	39,200	43,200	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	385	180	205	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	500	250	250	365	180	180
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,900	7,800	12,600	10,800	9,600	12,000	13,500	11,600	14,200	10,800	10,700	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40	15	30	171,705	84,570	87,145	65	35	30	40	15	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	x	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,480	4,520	5,760	5,960	x	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	140	70	70	529,640	276,110	253,530	210	115	100	145	80	70
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	10,300	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,200	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	495	265	225	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	560	310	250	485	250	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	485	265	220	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	545	300	245	475	250	225
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	45,600	50,800	53,250	60,050	46,760	31,300	32,800	29,600	51,800	53,200	50,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	485	265	220	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	545	300	245	475	250	225
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	37,600	42,000	42,520	46,280	38,960	28,300	29,400	27,000	41,800	43,200	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	455	250	200	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	395	220	175	440	235	205
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	40,000	43,600	48,960	57,350	40,640	24,800	27,200	21,800	45,200	46,400	44,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	385	215	165	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	320	175	145	310	170	140
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	42,000	40,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	26,800	30,400	22,400	48,800	48,800	49,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	230	200	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	520	280	245	380	200	180
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,320	9,400	11,400	12,040	10,900	13,040	13,950	13,500	14,400	12,320	11,500	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45	20	20	171,360	84,435	86,925	70	40	30	35	15	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	7,600	9,000	6,840	6,065	7,590	5,800	6,400	4,800	4,800	4,500	...
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	90	65	528,305	276,300	252,005	200	100	95	125	75	55
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	9,000	8,000	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,300	9,400	9,200	8,800	8,000	9,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	500	265	230	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	560	310	250	480	245	235
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	150	85	60	514,340	278,505	235,830	95	50	45	155	90	60
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	43,200	62,400	60,000	63,600	56,000	44,000	47,600	34,400	60,400	59,600	71,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,000	51,000	64,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	44,000	52,000	36,000	68,000	63,000	74,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	210	115	100	504,455	247,565	256,895	190	100	80	110	50	55
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	13,300	12,900	13,400	16,400	17,400	15,500	15,800	17,200	14,700	27,000	27,000	29,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	42,000	26,800	26,920	29,400	24,520	19,400	23,200	14,800	41,000	40,000	42,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	82.0	80.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	57.2	62.0	51.0	81.0	82.0	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.5	75.0	59.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	50.0	54.0	44.0	62.0	62.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.0	18.0	20.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	42.8	38.5	49.0	19.0	17.6	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.4	2.6	2.0	0.7	0.6	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.5	7.5	5.3	6.4	5.9	7.0	12.6	11.4	14.2	5.1	5.0	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.6	6.6	4.8	5.7	5.4	6.0	11.0	10.0	12.4	4.6	4.4	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	465	225	245	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	550	285	265	475	245	230
Without total income	15	10	5	65,020	32,205	32,820	10	5	5	15	10	5
With total income	450	220	235	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	535	275	260	460	235	220
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	30	25	138,250	65,670	72,580	40	20	20	40	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	35	15	20	200,450	93,060	107,390	100	50	55	55	20	35
$20,000 to $29,999	105	45	55	286,825	131,235	155,595	130	70	65	85	45	40
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	30	215,455	102,705	112,755	95	45	50	45	20	20
$40,000 to $49,999	60	30	25	181,505	86,460	95,040	65	40	30	60	35	25
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	20	138,185	64,805	73,380	40	20	20	50	30	20
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	35	15	15	35	20	10
$70,000 to $79,999	20	15	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	10	10	0	25	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	10	58,400	30,060	28,335	10	5	0	20	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	0	0	0	20	10	10
$100,000 and over	25	15	10	149,555	92,680	56,875	5	5	0	40	25	15
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	5	90,980	53,275	37,705	5	5	0	35	20	15
$150,000 and over	10	0	5	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	465	225	245	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	550	285	265	475	245	230
Without after-tax income	15	10	5	64,605	32,005	32,605	10	5	5	15	10	5
With after-tax income	450	220	235	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	535	275	260	460	235	220
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	30	25	144,275	67,955	76,320	40	20	20	40	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	210,975	98,495	112,480	105	55	55	55	20	35
$20,000 to $29,999	110	50	65	334,395	155,845	178,545	150	80	75	90	50	40
$30,000 to $39,999	85	40	45	257,145	124,835	132,315	110	55	55	70	35	35
$40,000 to $49,999	65	30	35	204,980	97,805	107,175	70	40	30	75	40	35
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	20	139,760	67,315	72,450	35	15	25	45	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	15	93,705	46,700	47,005	10	10	5	30	20	10
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	10	10	0	25	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	5	5	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0	15	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0	5	0	5
$100,000 and over	5	0	5	73,695	48,025	25,665	0	0	0	10	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	5	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0	10	5	0
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	465	225	245	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	550	285	265	475	245	230
Without employment income	135	60	80	495,060	212,405	282,660	195	95	100	145	75	70
With employment income	330	165	165	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	355	185	165	330	170	155
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	30	20	167,560	82,405	85,155	50	25	30	45	20	25
$5,000 to $9,999	40	15	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	40	25	25	40	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	45	20	25	151,350	72,815	78,530	60	30	35	40	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	35	15	15	116,030	56,295	59,730	45	25	20	25	15	15
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	40	20	20	20	5	15
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	15	104,250	51,950	52,300	40	20	20	30	20	10
$50,000 to $59,999	25	10	10	84,485	42,940	41,540	30	20	10	30	20	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	5	15	66,190	35,045	31,145	20	5	10	15	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	5	5	5	25	15	10
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	10	10	0	25	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	0	0	0	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	20	10	10	115,575	74,545	41,030	0	0	0	25	15	10
$100,000 to $124,999	10	10	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	0	0	0	15	10	5
$125,000 and over	10	0	5	68,050	45,675	22,375	0	0	0	10	10	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	465	220	240	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	550	280	265	475	250	225
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	210	230	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	525	270	255	440	230	210
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	34,000	32,400	34,000	36,400	31,800	25,200	25,800	24,600	37,200	42,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	210	230	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	525	270	255	440	230	210
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	31,200	29,200	31,000	32,800	29,400	24,400	24,800	23,600	34,000	36,400	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	400	190	210	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	405	210	195	405	215	190
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,600	32,800	23,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	24,600	27,400	20,600	32,800	36,800	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	320	160	160	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	355	190	160	325	175	155
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,200	31,800	33,600	36,800	30,400	26,000	28,000	23,400	34,000	39,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	365	170	200	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	480	240	235	325	160	165
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,960	2,240	7,750	4,440	2,760	7,300	5,440	3,720	10,000	7,450	3,600	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	20	20	114,940	56,080	58,855	55	25	25	35	15	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,160	5,200	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	6,280	5,640	8,200	5,520	x	5,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	495	265	225	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	560	310	250	485	250	235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	475	260	215	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	545	300	250	465	250	215
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,800	44,000	47,600	50,000	57,050	43,280	26,100	27,400	24,600	50,200	51,200	49,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	475	260	215	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	545	300	250	465	250	215
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,200	38,000	38,400	39,800	43,800	35,920	24,100	25,000	23,000	40,600	41,200	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	440	250	190	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	390	220	170	430	240	190
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	42,000	46,800	49,080	57,750	40,560	24,200	26,800	21,000	46,200	47,200	45,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	370	210	160	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	315	185	135	325	180	145
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	45,600	42,000	48,720	55,750	41,240	24,600	27,800	20,400	46,600	46,000	47,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	390	205	185	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	520	280	240	340	180	165
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,360	5,560	7,200	8,250	6,740	9,510	9,480	8,300	10,800	10,120	8,900	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	10	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	45	20	25	40	0	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,600	4,500	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	7,600	7,000	8,000	7,200	...	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	500	265	230	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	560	310	250	480	245	235
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	150	85	60	507,645	274,575	233,070	90	50	45	155	90	60
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,600	38,800	46,800	54,400	58,400	50,400	36,800	36,000	40,400	60,000	59,600	71,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	51,000	49,000	54,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	40,000	46,000	35,000	63,000	61,000	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	180	100	80	462,020	227,495	234,530	170	100	70	100	50	45
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	27,200	20,600	21,800	23,200	20,400	15,100	20,000	12,700	30,800	37,200	30,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,000	51,000	35,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	19,000	23,200	12,800	42,000	39,000	46,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	90.0	88.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	66.0	72.0	58.0	85.0	88.0	82.0
Employment income (%)	74.5	82.0	64.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	54.0	61.0	46.0	64.5	64.0	64.0
Government transfers (%)	11.2	9.8	13.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	34.4	28.4	42.0	14.8	12.6	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.6	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	2.2	1.6	3.2	1.2	x	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	265	...	...	910,355	...	...	385	...	...	185	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	66,000	...	...	40,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...	58,000	...	...	37,600	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	120	...	...	367,395	...	...	240	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	30,600	...	...	54,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	28,400	...	...	45,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	150	...	...	542,960	...	...	140	...	...	155	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	66,500	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	80,000	...	...	61,200	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	43,800	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	74,100	...	...	39,800	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	130	...	...	367,255	...	...	245	...	...	20	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	30,800	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	27,600	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	155	...	...	543,100	...	...	145	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	66,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	60,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	265	...	...	910,355	...	...	385	...	...	185	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	18,165	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	25,730	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	57,720	...	...	40	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	41,160	...	...	30	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	40,595	...	...	35	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	41,545	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	20	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	75,485	...	...	40	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	67,695	...	...	30	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	60,495	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	54,055	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	270,265	...	...	25	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	85,635	...	...	10	...	...	25	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	56,205	...	...	5	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	62,095	...	...	5	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	265	...	...	910,355	...	...	385	...	...	185	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	19,710	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	27,485	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	63,030	...	...	50	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	49,660	...	...	30	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	48,815	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	35	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	50,890	...	...	35	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	47,120	...	...	20	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	85,490	...	...	35	...	...	5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	75,625	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	65,530	...	...	25	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	54,850	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	45,065	...	...	5	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	197,490	...	...	15	...	...	90	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	78,870	...	...	10	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	45,905	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	0	...	...	30	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	130	...	...	501,830	...	...	130	...	...	155	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	66,500	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	82,000	...	...	61,200	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	179,195	...	...	40	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	71,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	59,200	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	208,260	...	...	35	...	...	90	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	73,500	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	95,875	...	...	45	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	65,500	...	...	46,800	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	46,800	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	165	80	85	477,085	240,895	236,195	275	160	120	30	10	15
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	28,200	36,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	29,600	30,600	28,600	52,000	x	x
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	26,800	33,200	31,200	31,200	31,200	28,000	28,400	27,600	45,600	x	x
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	130	...	...	501,905	...	...	125	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	59,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	179,455	...	...	30	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	52,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	48,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	208,375	...	...	55	...	...	95	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	80,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	74,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	95,455	...	...	30	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	40,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	40,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	190	120	65	476,520	240,280	236,245	280	165	110	20	0	15
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	48,000	58,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	32,000	32,800	30,800	64,000	...	80,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	38,000	48,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	28,400	29,200	27,200	48,000	...	60,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	535	255	280	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	630	335	300	545	280	270
0 to 17 years	85	40	45	365,020	186,710	178,315	95	55	35	100	45	55
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	35	25	10	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	370	180	190	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	445	230	215	345	180	165
65 years and over	80	30	45	317,425	140,270	177,155	90	45	50	105	50	50
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	100	50	55	321,885	154,370	167,510	195	100	95	10	10	5
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	54,265	27,870	26,395	35	20	10	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	5	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	10	10	0	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	65	35	30	197,020	99,310	97,710	120	60	60	5	5	0
65 years and over	20	10	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	40	20	20	5	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	19.2	20.0	18.5	16.4	16.0	16.9	30.8	29.6	32.5	2.4	3.0	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	16.0	12.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	34.0	36.0	28.0	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	28.0	30.0	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	18.5	19.0	18.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	27.6	26.0	30.0	1.6	2.0	x
65 years and over (%)	28.0	30.0	28.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	42.0	40.0	44.0	6.0	8.0	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	530	250	280	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	635	330	300	545	275	265
0 to 17 years	85	40	40	365,025	186,705	178,315	95	60	40	95	50	50
0 to 5 years	30	15	10	120,610	61,615	58,995	35	25	10	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	370	180	190	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	440	230	210	345	180	165
65 years and over	75	30	50	317,425	140,265	177,155	95	45	45	100	55	50
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	55	30	25	213,720	108,905	104,815	130	70	60	5	5	0
0 to 17 years	0	0	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	15	10	0	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	45	25	15	153,385	81,765	71,620	95	50	45	5	5	0
65 years and over	10	5	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	25	15	10	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.4	12.0	8.5	10.9	11.3	10.6	20.4	21.0	20.0	0.8	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	14.0	16.0	x	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	14.0	8.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	21.6	22.0	21.0	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	24.0	24.0	24.0	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	535	255	280	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	630	335	300	545	280	265
In bottom half of the distribution	370	175	190	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	560	295	260	230	115	115
In bottom decile	100	55	50	298,540	147,890	150,655	185	95	90	10	5	0
In second decile	60	25	30	244,435	115,985	128,450	125	65	55	35	20	15
In third decile	70	35	35	240,895	116,550	124,345	95	45	55	45	25	25
In fourth decile	60	30	35	218,125	105,885	112,240	105	60	40	40	20	20
In fifth decile	75	35	40	194,765	95,185	99,580	50	30	25	100	45	55
In top half of the distribution	165	75	90	762,590	384,140	378,450	75	35	40	315	165	150
In sixth decile	35	15	25	172,200	85,100	87,095	40	15	25	70	30	35
In seventh decile	50	25	25	156,540	78,290	78,250	5	0	0	80	50	40
In eighth decile	30	20	15	144,120	72,600	71,525	15	10	5	50	25	25
In ninth decile	30	10	15	134,265	68,285	65,980	10	10	5	60	30	35
In top decile	20	10	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	0	0	0	45	30	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	530	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	635	...	...	545	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.296	...	...	0.247	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.470	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.554	...	...	0.360	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.260	...	...	0.209	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.2	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	530	250	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	635	330	300	545	275	270
English only	65	35	30	262,290	133,690	128,600	35	15	20	20	15	10
French only	115	50	70	486,845	221,005	265,840	255	135	115	195	90	110
English and French	340	165	175	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	305	160	145	315	170	145
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	35	20	20	10	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	530	250	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	635	330	300	545	275	270
English	130	65	65	605,220	303,380	301,835	75	35	40	115	60	50
French	320	145	175	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	475	255	230	360	180	185
English and French	70	35	30	173,785	88,480	85,300	45	25	25	60	30	25
Neither English nor French	15	5	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	35	15	15	10	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	530	250	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	635	330	300	545	275	270
Single responses	510	240	265	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	595	310	285	495	255	240
Official languages	320	150	175	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	385	195	190	250	135	120
English	60	30	30	322,315	162,085	160,230	40	20	20	35	20	20
French	260	115	145	870,975	428,435	442,540	340	175	170	210	115	95
Non-official languages	185	90	95	643,275	311,525	331,750	215	120	90	245	120	125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	90	95	642,820	311,370	331,445	215	120	90	245	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	50	35	20	65	30	30
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	20	15	5	20	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	20	15	5	20	10	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	112,200	59,320	52,880	30	15	10	45	20	25
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	107,605	56,960	50,645	30	15	10	45	20	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	5	0	15	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	5	5	0	10	10	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	19,905	9,185	10,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	15	10	5	10	5	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	15	10	5	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	10	5	5	10	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	10	5	5	10	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	90	40	55	329,415	158,980	170,435	95	55	45	135	65	65
Albanian	5	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	0	0	5	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	0	0	5	0	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	10	5	5	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	25	45	183,755	87,295	96,460	80	45	35	120	60	60
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	10	63,560	29,680	33,880	20	10	15	75	40	40
Portuguese	10	0	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	10	0	5	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	5	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	40	15	30	85,395	41,150	44,250	50	35	15	35	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	20	5	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	40	30	57,075	26,030	31,035	10	5	5	5	5	5
Chinese languages	65	40	30	56,890	25,955	30,935	10	5	5	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	30	25	37,985	17,270	20,715	5	5	5	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	5	0	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	940	470	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	10	143,450	71,980	71,470	35	20	15	50	25	30
English and French	15	10	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	5	5	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	0	0	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	47,185	23,615	23,570	20	10	10	40	15	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	5	0	0	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	530	250	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	635	330	300	545	275	270
English	75	40	35	340,470	170,050	170,425	35	20	20	70	35	30
French	235	105	135	779,125	383,000	396,125	305	160	150	195	100	95
Non-official language	85	40	45	204,395	96,705	107,690	85	45	40	55	35	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	85	40	45	204,315	96,670	107,645	85	45	40	55	35	20
English and French	45	25	25	173,135	89,205	83,935	35	20	15	40	25	15
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	135,390	66,995	68,400	15	10	10	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	180,900	85,935	94,965	95	50	45	120	50	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	50	30	20	50	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	530	250	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	635	330	300	545	275	270
Single responses	495	235	265	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	565	295	270	500	260	240
Official languages	370	170	195	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	410	210	200	395	205	190
English	95	50	45	479,850	239,270	240,580	50	25	25	120	65	50
French	275	125	150	956,130	471,155	484,975	360	190	175	275	135	135
Non-official languages	125	60	70	370,290	177,955	192,335	155	85	75	110	60	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	60	70	370,125	177,895	192,235	155	85	75	110	60	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	25	15	10	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	10	10	0	10	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	10	10	0	10	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	15	5	10	20	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	15	5	10	20	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	5	0	0	10	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0	5	10	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	5	0	0	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	5	5	0	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	5	5	0	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	10	5	5	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	25	40	188,550	90,370	98,185	60	35	30	45	20	25
Albanian	5	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	5	5	5	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	15	30	95,835	44,515	51,315	55	30	25	40	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	22,105	9,270	12,835	15	5	5	25	10	15
Portuguese	10	0	5	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0	5	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	30	10	20	54,335	26,035	28,300	35	25	15	15	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	35	15	20	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	25	43,570	20,275	23,295	10	5	5	5	0	0
Chinese languages	50	30	25	43,475	20,230	23,240	10	5	5	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	25	20	30,855	14,425	16,430	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	20	20	173,745	85,640	88,110	65	40	25	45	15	25
English and French	10	10	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	20	10	10	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	39,365	19,140	20,225	10	5	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	35	15	15	35	15	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	530	255	280	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	635	335	300	545	275	265
None	415	190	220	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	470	245	225	355	185	170
English	45	20	20	131,630	67,290	64,340	30	15	15	20	10	10
French	35	15	15	126,780	62,180	64,600	50	30	20	55	30	25
Non-official language	20	10	5	144,335	69,210	75,130	40	20	20	75	35	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	5	144,155	69,135	75,015	40	20	20	75	35	40
English and French	5	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	10	5	0	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	15	10	5	10	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	0	5	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	0	0	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	535	295	240	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	645	355	290	530	265	260
Official languages	525	295	230	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	580	315	265	505	255	255
English	430	240	190	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	330	180	145	325	180	145
French	475	260	215	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	570	310	260	500	245	255
Non-official languages	220	135	85	971,455	471,755	499,700	360	190	170	245	100	145
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	220	135	85	970,710	471,495	499,220	360	190	170	245	100	145
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	217,295	113,605	103,690	75	50	25	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	25	15	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	25	15	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	205,120	107,210	97,905	60	35	25	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	60	35	25	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	30	15	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	20	10	15	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	40	45	514,485	250,190	264,295	145	75	70	155	65	95
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	91,140	48,390	42,750	15	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	25	35	324,695	154,360	170,340	130	75	60	150	65	85
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	0	15	107,285	51,300	55,985	50	20	35	105	50	55
Portuguese	10	0	10	31,125	15,545	15,585	15	10	0	20	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	35	20	15	193,835	91,345	102,490	65	40	25	35	10	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	20	10	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	70	25	45	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	15	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	70	25	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	45	25	68,485	31,760	36,720	40	20	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages	70	45	25	68,285	31,685	36,595	40	20	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	45	25	51,885	23,845	28,040	40	20	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	535	295	240	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	645	355	290	530	265	265
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	525	290	240	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	640	355	290	530	265	265
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	535	295	240	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	645	355	290	530	265	265
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	535	295	240	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	645	355	290	530	265	265
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
Owner	95	...	...	360,125	...	...	50	...	...	175	...	...
Renter	190	...	...	550,240	...	...	340	...	...	0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
Condominium	25	...	...	192,985	...	...	50	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	255	...	...	717,375	...	...	345	...	...	175	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	115	...	...	267,715	...	...	250	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	105	...	...	303,875	...	...	90	...	...	0	...	...
3 bedrooms	55	...	...	220,945	...	...	50	...	...	85	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	98,090	...	...	0	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	190	...	...	501,570	...	...	340	...	...	0	...	...
5 rooms	55	...	...	166,230	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...	78,495	...	...	10	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...	40	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	105,210	...	...	10	...	...	100	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.2	...	...	4.7	...	...	3.6	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
One person or fewer per room	275	...	...	881,730	...	...	375	...	...	180	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	28,630	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
Suitable	265	...	...	834,885	...	...	355	...	...	175	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	75,475	...	...	35	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
1960 or before	190	...	...	325,005	...	...	140	...	...	85	...	...
1961 to 1980	50	...	...	282,605	...	...	125	...	...	85	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	101,185	...	...	30	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	63,765	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	15	...	...	32,020	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	20	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	35	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	260	...	...	833,540	...	...	375	...	...	160	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	76,815	...	...	15	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
One-maintainer household	170	...	...	543,605	...	...	285	...	...	60	...	...
Two-maintainer household	100	...	...	333,140	...	...	90	...	...	100	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	33,620	...	...	10	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
15 to 24 years	15	...	...	40,960	...	...	35	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	70	...	...	162,375	...	...	75	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	45	...	...	171,535	...	...	50	...	...	15	...	...
45 to 54 years	45	...	...	155,520	...	...	60	...	...	15	...	...
55 to 64 years	65	...	...	156,865	...	...	70	...	...	60	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	122,825	...	...	60	...	...	15	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	70,345	...	...	35	...	...	35	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	285	...	...	902,485	...	...	385	...	...	180	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	215	...	...	686,075	...	...	285	...	...	175	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	70	...	...	216,410	...	...	100	...	...	0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	50	...	...	189,795	...	...	95	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	285	...	...	910,360	...	...	390	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	330,635	...	...	130	...	...	25	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	55	...	...	186,350	...	...	80	...	...	0	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	56,480	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	50,745	...	...	0	...	...	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	18,075	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	190	...	...	579,720	...	...	260	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	270	...	...	875,865	...	...	375	...	...	180	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	87,945	...	...	65	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	245	...	...	787,925	...	...	310	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	100	...	...	360,120	...	...	50	...	...	175	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	30.0	...	...	34.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,050	...	...	660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,572	...	...	960	...	...	990	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	600,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	580,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	620,000	...	...	416,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	185	...	...	550,235	...	...	340	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	25.0	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.3	...	...	28.4	...	...	26.9	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.4	...	...	14.6	...	...	20.0	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...	890	...	...	670	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	795	...	...	987	...	...	704	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	530	290	240	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	645	355	290	530	265	265
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	10	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	10	0	0	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	10	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	515	285	230	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	635	350	290	530	265	265
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	530	295	240	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	645	355	290	530	270	260
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	440	235	205	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	535	300	235	520	260	255
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30	20	15	322,965	164,980	157,985	80	45	35	65	20	45
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	410	215	195	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	460	260	200	460	240	220
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	95	55	35	313,410	160,530	152,885	105	55	50	10	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	530	295	240	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	645	355	290	530	270	260
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	330	165	170	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	385	210	180	370	175	195
Immigrants⁸¹	175	110	70	652,730	313,955	338,770	235	135	100	160	95	65
Before 1980	25	20	10	108,265	50,530	57,735	50	25	30	75	45	30
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	10	10	0	25	0	20
1991 to 2000	40	25	15	106,810	50,520	56,290	45	30	20	40	35	0
2001 to 2010	20	15	10	154,780	74,520	80,255	45	20	15	25	10	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	75	45	35	213,175	104,225	108,950	85	50	40	0	0	0
2011 to 2015	40	15	20	99,070	48,005	51,065	60	35	30	0	0	0
2016 to 2021	40	25	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	25	10	10	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	30	20	0	138,240	75,380	62,860	25	15	10	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	175	105	70	652,725	313,955	338,770	235	135	100	160	95	65
Under 5 years	0	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	0	0	10	0	10
5 to 14 years	40	35	10	103,285	51,965	51,320	30	20	15	40	20	20
15 to 24 years	30	10	20	118,475	53,035	65,440	60	45	20	60	40	20
25 to 44 years	105	60	45	326,320	158,620	167,700	120	60	65	40	25	15
45 years and over	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	15	10	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	175	105	70	652,725	313,955	338,770	235	135	100	160	95	65
Americas	35	30	0	137,955	63,465	74,485	65	55	15	30	15	10
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	20	20	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	20	20	0	0	0	0
Europe	35	15	20	158,795	76,610	82,190	60	30	30	85	45	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	40	15	25	50	30	20
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0	15	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	15	152,205	77,515	74,690	65	35	30	40	25	15
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	30	25	0	40	25	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	20	10	15	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	0	15	47,960	24,705	23,260	15	0	15	0	0	0
Asia	80	50	30	202,715	95,775	106,935	45	20	20	10	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	45	30	20	32,815	14,710	18,100	25	20	10	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	25	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	30	0	15	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10	36,195	17,970	18,225	30	0	15	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	535	295	240	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	645	355	290	530	265	265
First generation¹⁰⁰	225	140	90	813,905	400,325	413,580	255	150	110	160	90	70
Second generation¹⁰¹	65	35	25	424,225	212,755	211,475	125	60	65	160	55	105
Third generation or more¹⁰²	240	115	120	721,230	352,590	368,630	260	145	120	210	120	90
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	150	90	60	544,455	263,425	281,040	185	110	75	85	50	35
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	80	50	30	303,105	155,090	148,020	95	70	25	55	30	20
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	30	20	151,015	87,200	63,815	50	30	20	15	10	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	35	25	15	152,090	67,890	84,205	45	40	0	35	15	20
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30	10	20	146,645	59,645	87,000	40	20	25	20	15	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	25	10	85,165	44,145	41,025	35	20	15	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	150	90	60	544,455	263,425	281,040	185	110	75	85	50	35
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	25	10	15	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	0	10	56,685	26,490	30,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	120	70	45	387,815	184,015	203,795	145	90	50	75	40	35
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	535	295	240	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	645	355	290	530	265	265
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	210	130	80	737,510	363,785	373,725	260	130	125	145	65	80
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	80	40	35	69,985	32,190	37,795	40	25	15	20	10	15
Black	55	35	25	208,805	101,125	107,680	85	30	50	0	0	0
Filipino	15	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	45	25	20	45	25	20
Latin American	20	15	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	55	40	20	35	10	25
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	25	15	10	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	320	160	160	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	385	220	165	385	200	185
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	535	295	240	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	645	355	290	530	270	260
Canadian	80	40	35	241,015	115,880	125,135	110	60	50	95	50	45
English	35	20	20	59,710	30,025	29,685	15	10	10	0	0	0
Irish	50	25	25	102,325	48,885	53,440	15	10	10	15	10	10
Scottish	15	0	10	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	75	30	40	336,880	169,710	167,170	100	55	45	120	75	45
German	25	10	10	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0	10	10	0
Chinese	60	50	15	74,630	34,410	40,220	40	20	20	20	10	15
Italian	50	20	30	156,025	76,485	79,535	70	35	30	140	75	65
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	65	30	30	108,910	54,650	54,260	75	35	40	25	10	15
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Filipino	15	10	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0	0	0	0
French Canadian	25	10	15	66,400	31,740	34,655	30	10	15	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	10	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0	15	15	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0	15	10	10
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	15	0	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	10	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	45	20	25	25	10	15
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	30	10	20	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0	25	0	20
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	35	25	10	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	35	10	20	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	535	290	240	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	645	355	285	530	265	265
Buddhist	40	20	20	28,350	12,580	15,775	10	10	0	0	0	0
Christian	260	125	135	969,945	451,410	518,540	310	180	130	375	185	190
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	20	10	10	116,635	55,545	61,090	45	35	10	0	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anglican	15	10	10	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catholic	205	90	115	675,695	314,690	361,010	225	135	90	340	170	175
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0	0	0	0
Muslim	30	20	10	233,440	121,145	112,290	110	50	60	75	40	35
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	185	120	70	590,140	310,985	279,165	215	115	100	80	40	40
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	530	295	235	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	635	350	285	530	270	260
Non-movers	465	250	215	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	580	325	250	525	260	260
Movers	65	45	25	255,365	129,500	125,865	60	25	35	10	0	0
Non-migrants	55	30	20	186,805	94,745	92,055	30	20	10	0	0	0
Migrants	10	10	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	30	0	30	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	30	0	30	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	30	0	30	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	515	280	235	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	600	315	285	520	260	260
Non-movers	315	165	150	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	315	165	145	440	225	215
Movers	200	115	85	821,475	413,250	408,230	285	150	140	80	35	45
Non-migrants	140	75	65	433,700	216,030	217,670	170	95	75	40	10	25
Migrants	60	35	25	387,770	197,215	190,560	120	55	65	40	25	20
Internal migrants	35	20	15	190,035	93,955	96,075	80	30	50	40	25	20
Intraprovincial migrants	25	10	15	159,710	78,770	80,940	75	25	50	40	25	20
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0	0	0	0
External migrants	25	10	10	197,735	103,260	94,485	40	25	15	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	500	265	225	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	560	310	250	480	250	235
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	60	30	30	274,820	136,500	138,320	170	90	75	65	25	45
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	435	240	195	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	390	215	175	415	220	195
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	365	195	170	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	355	210	145	280	130	150
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	10	20	121,295	65,950	55,345	75	45	30	20	0	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	340	185	155	975,700	481,690	494,005	275	165	115	260	125	135
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	495	270	225	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	555	305	250	485	250	235
No certificate, diploma or degree	55	30	25	247,460	120,840	126,625	160	90	70	60	20	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	110	45	65	319,755	162,520	157,240	120	65	55	110	70	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	335	195	140	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	280	155	125	315	160	160
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	175	100	65	473,060	232,855	240,210	165	100	65	200	120	80
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	60	35	20	146,170	81,740	64,425	45	30	15	55	45	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	30	20	106,110	54,025	52,085	25	15	15	45	40	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	20	15	0	10	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	100	65	40	260,845	122,345	138,495	100	60	40	105	50	55
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	0	66,045	28,760	37,285	15	15	0	40	25	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	160	95	65	609,855	291,355	318,505	115	55	60	115	40	75
Bachelor's degree	100	55	40	344,605	160,320	184,285	60	20	40	85	15	70
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	25	15	10	58,945	27,280	31,665	15	0	10	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	30	15	10	159,510	78,325	81,190	35	20	15	25	25	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	365	195	175	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	355	205	145	275	125	150
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	10	15	102,815	55,805	47,015	70	45	25	15	0	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	35	30	162,205	88,420	73,785	60	40	25	50	30	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	275	150	125	831,975	403,420	428,555	220	125	100	215	95	120
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130	75	55	333,160	167,260	165,895	120	75	50	120	60	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	30	20	110,390	60,690	49,700	30	15	15	20	15	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	30	20	81,090	40,585	40,505	15	0	15	15	15	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	15	15	0	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	40	35	174,185	84,745	89,445	80	50	30	75	35	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	48,580	21,830	26,755	20	10	0	20	15	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	145	80	70	498,815	236,155	262,665	100	45	55	100	35	65
Bachelor's degree	90	50	45	276,640	128,890	147,745	45	15	30	70	15	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	10	15	48,390	21,995	26,395	15	0	10	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Master's degree	25	15	10	137,150	66,720	70,430	35	20	10	20	20	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	495	270	230	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	555	305	250	485	250	235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	165	75	90	567,220	283,355	283,860	275	150	130	165	85	80
Education	10	10	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	10	0	35	10	25
13. Education	10	10	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	10	0	35	10	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	69,210	32,705	36,505	25	10	10	20	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	61,135	27,085	34,045	20	0	10	20	10	10
Humanities	10	0	10	78,920	30,815	48,110	15	0	15	20	0	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	10	0	10	15	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	20	30	157,220	58,185	99,040	45	25	20	60	25	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	10	0	0	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	15	0	10	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0	10	10	0
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	59,300	29,185	30,110	30	20	10	15	0	10
Business, management and public administration	65	35	35	248,895	110,950	137,945	50	35	15	60	15	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	35	30	237,125	108,040	129,090	50	35	15	50	15	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	40	30	10	57,445	29,770	27,670	20	10	15	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	15	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	15	15	0	20	20	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	10	10	0	20	20	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	70	70	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	40	30	10	75	70	0
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	25	15	10	20	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	20	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0	15	15	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20,645	19,920	730	10	10	0	10	10	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	15	10	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	15	10	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	122,295	30,795	91,495	25	0	20	20	10	10
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	109,185	24,140	85,045	20	0	20	20	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	20	15	10	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	10	0	10	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	15	15	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	365	195	170	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	350	205	150	280	125	150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	90	40	45	265,025	144,230	120,800	130	80	50	60	30	30
Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0	20	0	15
13. Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0	20	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	15	10	10	20	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	15	0	10	20	10	10
Humanities	10	0	10	52,565	20,765	31,805	10	0	10	20	0	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	15	30	121,985	44,105	77,880	40	25	15	35	15	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	10	0	0	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	15	0	10	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0	10	10	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	44,580	21,945	22,635	30	15	10	10	0	10
Business, management and public administration	60	30	30	199,525	87,920	111,600	45	35	15	50	10	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	55	30	25	190,410	85,600	104,810	45	35	15	45	10	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	30	20	10	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	10	10	0	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	0	0	0	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	55	50	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	30	30	10	40	35	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	15	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	15	10	10	20	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	20	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0	0	0	0
48. Precision production	10	10	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	15	10	0	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	15	10	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	20	92,595	23,265	69,330	25	0	20	20	10	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	20	82,410	18,370	64,045	20	0	15	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	15	0	10	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	0	10	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	365	195	170	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	350	205	150	280	125	150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	90	40	45	265,025	144,230	120,800	130	80	50	60	30	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	275	155	125	831,975	403,415	428,560	225	125	95	215	95	125
Location of study inside Canada	220	120	100	598,455	286,340	312,115	160	90	70	195	80	115
Same as province or territory of residence	210	110	95	566,540	270,160	296,380	150	85	70	195	80	115
Different than province or territory of residence	15	10	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	55	30	25	233,520	117,075	116,445	65	35	30	20	10	0
Americas	10	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	10	0	10	74,705	39,515	35,190	20	20	0	0	0	0
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	15	0	10	50,645	26,790	23,860	20	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	15	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	20	15	10	65,125	28,945	36,180	20	0	15	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	15	10	13,220	5,865	7,360	15	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	495	270	225	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	555	305	250	485	250	235
In the labour force	340	195	150	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	300	165	130	275	155	125
Employed	295	165	130	971,245	502,885	468,360	250	135	110	255	145	110
Unemployed	45	25	20	110,395	58,460	51,935	50	30	25	20	10	10
Not in the labour force	155	80	80	568,495	246,215	322,280	260	140	120	210	95	110
Participation rate	68.7	72.2	66.7	65.5	69.5	61.8	54.1	54.1	52.0	56.7	62.0	53.2
Employment rate	59.6	61.1	57.8	58.9	62.3	55.6	45.0	44.3	44.0	52.6	58.0	46.8
Unemployment rate	13.2	12.8	13.3	10.2	10.4	10.0	16.7	18.2	19.2	7.3	6.5	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	495	270	230	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	555	305	250	485	250	235
Did not work¹⁸⁶	130	70	60	582,470	253,075	329,400	265	150	115	215	95	115
Worked	365	200	170	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	295	160	130	265	150	115
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	145	80	65	529,400	287,950	241,450	95	45	45	155	95	65
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	225	115	105	538,265	266,540	271,725	200	110	85	110	55	55
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.0	36.2	35.8	39.7	40.2	39.3	32.6	33.6	31.8	43.4	46.0	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	340	190	145	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	295	165	135	275	155	125
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	15	0	10	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	330	185	145	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	285	160	125	275	155	120
Employee	305	165	140	907,745	457,830	449,915	250	135	115	235	125	115
Permanent position	245	145	100	741,830	380,445	361,385	205	120	85	205	100	105
Temporary position	55	20	35	165,915	77,385	88,530	45	15	30	35	25	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	10	0	10	69,690	31,285	38,405	20	10	10	15	15	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	45	15	25	96,225	46,100	50,120	30	0	25	25	10	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	25	20	10	142,380	88,145	54,230	30	20	10	35	25	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	340	190	145	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	295	165	135	275	155	125
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	15	0	10	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	330	185	145	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	285	160	125	275	155	120
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	10	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	65	25	40	207,660	79,975	127,685	60	30	25	55	25	35
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	25	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	35	20	15	30	20	15
3 Health occupations	25	0	20	85,545	21,700	63,845	15	10	10	20	0	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45	20	20	140,500	46,385	94,115	40	15	30	35	20	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	0	10	61,790	31,615	30,175	30	20	15	20	0	20
6 Sales and service occupations	85	55	35	263,055	135,300	127,750	60	25	35	45	20	25
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	40	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	30	30	0	40	40	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	10	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	15	10	0	15	15	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	340	190	145	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	295	165	135	275	155	125
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	15	0	10	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	330	185	145	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	285	160	125	275	155	120
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	10	10	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	15	15	0	20	20	0
31-33 Manufacturing	30	15	10	86,535	58,295	28,235	25	20	0	30	15	10
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	10	0	0	30	10	10
44-45 Retail trade	25	20	0	111,555	56,180	55,375	15	0	10	25	15	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	25	10	15	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0	20	20	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	0	10	43,110	26,250	16,865	25	15	10	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	45	30	15	53,430	27,205	26,225	15	15	0	20	15	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	0	0	130,405	75,750	54,655	50	35	15	15	15	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	0	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	10	0	0	10	0	0
61 Educational services	35	20	20	95,290	34,510	60,780	20	10	10	25	15	10
62 Health care and social assistance	60	15	45	142,545	36,095	106,450	45	10	40	25	0	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	10	0	0	10	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	25	25	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	15	0	10	10	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	20	15	10	0	0	0
91 Public administration	20	15	10	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0	20	0	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	375	200	170	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	320	180	140	295	175	120
English	40	25	15	201,310	110,165	91,150	30	20	10	15	10	10
French	130	60	70	416,430	206,170	210,265	180	105	75	135	75	55
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0	10	10	0
English and French	165	85	75	473,485	249,700	223,785	105	50	55	125	75	50
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	375	200	170	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	320	180	140	295	175	120
Single responses	325	170	150	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	300	160	135	280	165	110
Official languages	310	175	140	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	295	160	135	270	160	110
English	110	60	45	361,715	194,885	166,835	45	25	15	50	20	30
French	205	110	95	645,885	327,180	318,705	250	135	120	220	140	85
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	30	25	126,180	65,940	60,240	20	20	0	15	10	10
English and French	55	30	25	116,535	60,925	55,605	15	15	0	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	375	200	170	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	320	180	140	295	175	120
None	235	120	120	743,180	381,875	361,305	230	140	90	175	100	75
English	75	45	25	219,885	116,455	103,430	75	30	40	80	60	15
French	40	10	30	149,470	78,495	70,975	15	10	10	30	0	20
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	295	170	130	971,245	502,885	468,360	250	140	115	255	145	115
Worked at home	85	50	35	298,820	151,335	147,485	60	40	20	30	10	20
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	10	0	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	20	20	0	35	35	0
Usual place of work	205	115	90	580,035	286,695	293,340	170	75	95	185	95	95
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	205	110	90	580,035	286,695	293,340	170	80	95	190	95	95
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	165	90	75	427,475	202,010	225,465	135	70	70	155	80	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	15	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	10	10	58,865	35,690	23,175	30	10	20	35	20	15
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	210	115	95	669,150	349,485	319,665	190	100	90	225	130	95
Car, truck or van	115	70	40	395,615	229,315	166,300	95	55	40	185	120	70
Car, truck or van - as a driver	95	70	30	365,770	218,475	147,295	95	55	40	185	120	70
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	0	15	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Public transit	70	35	40	177,860	74,605	103,260	70	20	45	35	10	25
Walked	10	0	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other method	15	0	10	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	210	115	95	669,150	349,485	319,665	190	100	90	225	130	95
Less than 15 minutes	35	15	20	125,240	61,185	64,055	15	15	0	25	10	10
15 to 29 minutes	70	45	20	241,005	129,590	111,420	70	45	25	80	35	45
30 to 44 minutes	50	30	25	176,925	96,710	80,215	60	30	30	55	50	0
45 to 59 minutes	25	15	10	67,635	33,110	34,530	30	10	20	30	20	15
60 minutes and over	35	10	20	58,350	28,905	29,445	10	0	10	40	15	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	210	115	95	669,150	349,485	319,665	190	100	90	225	130	95
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	20	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	10	10	0	30	30	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	55	30	20	95,270	56,280	38,990	20	15	0	25	20	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	15	25	166,695	79,410	87,280	60	35	20	95	50	45
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35	15	20	149,185	68,865	80,320	50	20	30	25	15	0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	30	15	10	106,855	50,615	56,240	30	10	25	20	0	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25	15	10	112,350	65,830	46,520	20	10	15	30	20	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	85	45	45	371,310	189,920	181,390	100	55	40	95	50	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	10	10	109,065	56,315	52,750	10	5	5	20	5	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	30	35	262,245	133,605	128,640	85	50	35	80	35	40
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	65	30	30	264,905	135,505	129,395	65	35	30	80	35	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	5	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	5	0	5	20	10	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	10	5	67,535	34,945	32,590	10	0	0	15	10	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	25	20	182,020	92,755	89,270	60	30	30	65	25	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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