Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

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	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	684	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	749	...	...	969,383	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	...	...	...	923,598	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	...	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	308	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	372	...	...	476,007	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	291	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	340	...	...	428,228	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12,324.3	...	...	4.2	...	...	1,373.8	...	...	18.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.06	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	0.55	...	...	52,824.71	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	685	325	355	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	750	390	360	969,380	471,730	497,650
0 to 14 years	125	70	50	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	140	70	70	136,710	70,165	66,540
0 to 4 years	40	25	15	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	50	25	25	40,340	20,610	19,735
5 to 9 years	40	25	15	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	40	20	20	47,070	24,055	23,015
10 to 14 years	45	20	20	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	50	25	30	49,300	25,505	23,795
15 to 64 years	440	200	245	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	535	285	250	617,345	302,720	314,625
15 to 19 years	40	20	20	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	30	15	20	48,180	24,770	23,410
20 to 24 years	45	20	25	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	70	30	35	58,005	30,115	27,890
25 to 29 years	45	20	25	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	60	25	30	60,430	30,375	30,050
30 to 34 years	40	20	20	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	75	35	35	59,575	29,295	30,285
35 to 39 years	55	20	40	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	70	40	25	57,755	27,960	29,790
40 to 44 years	55	20	30	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	45	30	15	56,420	26,900	29,515
45 to 49 years	35	20	15	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	40	25	15	59,200	28,415	30,785
50 to 54 years	50	25	25	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	55	25	30	63,775	30,595	33,175
55 to 59 years	35	20	20	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	45	25	20	77,080	37,205	39,870
60 to 64 years	35	15	15	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	50	30	25	76,935	37,085	39,850
65 years and over	120	55	65	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	70	35	35	215,325	98,845	116,480
65 to 69 years	40	20	20	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	35	15	15	68,395	32,735	35,665
70 to 74 years	40	15	15	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	15	10	5	59,435	28,295	31,140
75 to 79 years	20	15	10	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	10	0	10	39,325	18,400	20,925
80 to 84 years	10	5	10	840,545	370,905	469,645	10	5	5	25,130	11,095	14,040
85 years and over	15	5	10	861,395	319,540	541,860	10	5	0	23,035	8,325	14,715
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	525,445	212,735	312,705	5	5	5	14,595	5,860	8,740
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	258,035	87,300	170,735	0	0	0	6,345	2,050	4,300
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	0	0	0	1,805	375	1,435
100 years and over	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	0	0	0	290	50	245
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.2	21.5	14.1	16.3	16.9	15.6	18.7	17.9	19.4	14.1	14.9	13.4
15 to 64 years	64.2	61.5	69.0	64.8	65.4	64.2	71.3	73.1	69.4	63.7	64.2	63.2
65 years and over	17.5	16.9	18.3	19.0	17.7	20.2	9.3	9.0	9.7	22.2	21.0	23.4
85 years and over	2.2	1.5	2.8	2.3	1.8	2.9	1.3	1.3	0.0	2.4	1.8	3.0
Average age of the population	39.7	38.4	40.9	41.9	41.0	42.8	36.5	37.4	35.5	44.2	43.2	45.2
Median age of the population	38.8	38.4	39.2	41.6	40.4	42.8	34.8	37.2	32.8	45.6	44.4	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	25	...	...	272,980	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	746,560	...	...	5	...	...	21,605	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	980,110	...	...	5	...	...	11,220	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	170	...	...	821,490	...	...	110	...	...	13,165	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	125	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	190	...	...	64,575	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	0	...	...	28,650	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	0	...	...	700	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	0	...	...	15,345	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,225	...	...
1 person	110	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	135	...	...	131,850	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	90	...	...	166,475	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	50	...	...	61,700	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	45	...	...	45,700	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	20	...	...	22,500	...	...
Number of persons in private households	685	325	360	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	750	390	360	955,855	465,820	490,035
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	560	255	305	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	605	320	285	832,670	401,565	431,105
Married or living common-law	255	125	130	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	255	125	125	471,570	235,255	236,320
Married	220	105	115	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	170	85	85	372,690	185,900	186,785
Living common-law	35	20	20	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	80	40	40	98,885	49,350	49,530
Living common law - Never married	30	15	15	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	65	35	35	69,735	34,845	34,890
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	0	0	0	5,510	2,835	2,670
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	721,715	365,760	355,950	10	5	5	20,870	10,580	10,285
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	5	0	0	2,765	1,090	1,675
Not married and not living common-law	310	135	175	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	355	190	165	361,105	166,315	194,785
Not married and not living common law - Never married	205	100	115	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	270	145	125	230,425	122,570	107,850
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	10	741,135	319,045	422,090	20	15	5	25,025	10,930	14,095
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	55	20	35	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	50	25	25	52,000	20,725	31,275
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	10	20	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	15	5	10	53,655	12,090	41,565
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	175	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	165	...	...	280,335	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	70	...	...	166,340	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	40	...	...	56,715	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	40	...	...	41,255	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	855,960	...	...	15	...	...	16,030	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	170	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	165	...	...	280,340	...	...
Total couple families	120	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	120	...	...	231,690	...	...
Married couples	105	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	80	...	...	182,255	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	50	...	...	78,455	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	30	...	...	103,795	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	40	...	...	49,435	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	808,645	...	...	25	...	...	17,320	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	20	...	...	32,120	...	...
Total one-parent families	55	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	50	...	...	48,645	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	45	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	35	...	...	38,280	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	383,670	...	...	10	...	...	10,370	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	685	325	360	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	750	390	360	955,855	465,820	490,035
Total - Persons in census families	525	245	285	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	495	235	260	753,775	371,150	382,630
Married spouses or common-law partners	240	120	120	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	240	120	120	463,385	231,305	232,080
Parents in one-parent families	55	10	45	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	45	10	40	48,645	10,365	38,275
Children⁶	240	120	120	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	210	105	110	241,745	129,475	112,270
In a two-parent family	155	80	75	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	135	70	70	167,950	89,310	78,640
In a one-parent family	85	40	45	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	75	35	40	73,800	40,170	33,630
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	155	75	80	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	250	155	95	202,080	94,675	107,405
Living alone	105	55	50	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	135	85	50	131,850	58,495	73,355
Living with other relatives⁷	20	10	10	927,345	393,085	534,260	25	15	5	20,715	8,710	12,005
Living with non-relatives only	25	10	15	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	95	60	40	49,515	27,470	22,050
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	290	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	340	...	...	428,225	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	155	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	150	...	...	253,030	...	...
Couple-family households	105	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	110	...	...	214,615	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	70	...	...	88,670	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	40	...	...	125,945	...	...
One-parent-family households	50	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	35	...	...	38,415	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	441,745	...	...	5	...	...	8,620	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	0	...	...	1,570	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	450,415	...	...	5	...	...	11,175	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	663,835	...	...	40	...	...	21,980	...	...
One-person households	110	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	135	...	...	131,850	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	565	255	305	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	605	320	290	819,310	395,750	423,555
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	540	245	295	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	575	300	275	792,265	382,635	409,625
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,800	41,200	46,400	36,800	32,400	32,400	32,400	38,000	42,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	540	245	295	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	575	300	275	792,675	382,860	409,815
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	32,400	29,000	36,800	40,800	33,600	29,200	28,800	29,800	33,600	37,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	465	215	250	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	460	245	215	688,495	339,905	348,595
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	22,000	27,600	18,600	35,200	42,400	29,200	24,000	24,600	23,000	32,000	37,600	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	385	185	200	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	410	225	190	543,545	276,155	267,390
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,000	32,400	21,800	37,200	43,200	32,000	25,200	26,000	24,000	33,200	38,000	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	485	210	270	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	510	260	250	644,215	293,140	351,070
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	9,600	13,500	9,800	8,500	11,000	11,600	10,700	13,700	12,000	12,300	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70	30	40	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	70	40	35	109,425	57,315	52,110
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,480	4,640	6,000	6,240	6,550	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	200	85	115	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	225	135	90	202,185	97,505	104,675
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	9,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	8,500	11,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	570	255	315	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	585	300	290	819,315	395,805	423,510
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	550	240	310	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	550	280	270	792,355	382,420	409,930
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,400	35,600	54,450	62,650	46,560	35,000	38,800	31,200	47,480	53,850	41,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	550	240	310	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	550	280	270	792,780	382,655	410,125
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,600	32,800	32,000	44,920	50,320	39,680	30,700	32,800	28,400	39,160	43,360	35,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	480	215	270	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	465	260	205	689,525	339,995	349,530
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	33,200	24,800	50,240	59,500	41,000	28,100	31,600	23,800	43,120	50,080	36,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	415	190	225	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	405	235	175	543,575	276,135	267,445
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,000	25,800	50,280	58,050	42,000	28,800	32,400	23,800	43,120	48,800	37,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	490	195	295	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	490	250	240	643,520	292,110	351,415
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,400	10,700	15,200	11,170	10,180	12,060	12,680	11,100	14,300	12,260	12,160	12,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75	20	55	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	90	60	30	109,585	57,200	52,385
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	3,800	6,400	7,050	6,710	7,370	6,100	6,200	6,000	7,850	8,340	7,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	215	90	120	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	250	130	120	201,560	96,700	104,860
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	12,200	8,400	8,920	8,740	9,100	9,900	9,200	10,800	8,910	8,790	9,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	570	255	320	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	590	300	290	819,315	395,805	423,510
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	140	70	70	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	175	110	65	253,470	134,925	118,540
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	49,200	45,600	63,600	69,000	58,000	38,000	37,600	41,600	57,600	62,400	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,000	62,000	46,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	39,600	38,500	42,000	66,200	72,000	59,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	220	110	110	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	155	85	65	221,675	105,650	116,030
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	12,200	11,700	19,800	18,400	21,000	16,600	17,800	29,200	9,600	16,600	19,000	14,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	19,600	21,600	29,160	33,960	24,860	24,400	32,000	14,800	25,080	29,600	20,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	68.0	77.0	60.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	67.5	75.0	58.0	79.0	82.8	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.2	72.0	52.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	61.2	70.0	49.0	62.3	65.4	58.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	32.4	22.4	40.0	17.8	13.7	23.1	32.4	25.2	42.0	21.0	17.2	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	0.9	3.0	1.4	1.2	1.7	2.9	3.4	2.0	2.3	2.3	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	11.7	13.0	10.6	5.4	4.5	6.6	14.2	11.8	17.2	5.6	4.7	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	10.4	12.0	9.2	4.7	4.0	5.5	13.2	11.2	16.0	4.8	4.1	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	560	255	305	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	605	320	285	819,310	395,755	423,560
Without total income	25	10	15	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	35	20	10	27,050	13,115	13,935
With total income	540	240	295	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	570	295	270	792,265	382,635	409,630
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	25	25	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	55	25	30	65,365	28,385	36,980
$10,000 to $19,999	80	35	40	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	120	75	45	102,030	40,305	61,730
$20,000 to $29,999	110	45	70	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	95	40	50	140,270	60,610	79,660
$30,000 to $39,999	85	40	50	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	90	50	35	111,240	49,815	61,425
$40,000 to $49,999	75	45	35	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	75	40	35	96,235	44,300	51,940
$50,000 to $59,999	50	20	30	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	50	20	35	72,270	36,525	35,745
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	15	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	40	15	25	52,910	29,860	23,050
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	15	5	5	40,055	23,620	16,435
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	10	5	5	32,100	18,350	13,755
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	965,950	553,435	412,510	5	0	0	23,205	13,035	10,175
$100,000 and over	15	10	0	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	10	5	0	56,580	37,845	18,735
$100,000 to $149,999	10	10	0	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	10	5	0	40,070	25,970	14,095
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	0	0	0	16,510	11,875	4,635
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	560	255	305	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	605	320	285	819,310	395,755	423,560
Without after-tax income	25	10	15	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	35	20	10	26,635	12,890	13,745
With after-tax income	540	240	295	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	570	295	270	792,670	382,860	409,810
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	25	25	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	55	25	30	69,720	29,525	40,190
$10,000 to $19,999	80	35	45	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	120	80	45	107,780	43,060	64,715
$20,000 to $29,999	140	55	80	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	120	60	60	164,470	72,415	92,055
$30,000 to $39,999	95	45	50	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	100	60	40	136,500	62,655	73,845
$40,000 to $49,999	90	40	45	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	80	30	50	107,015	53,055	53,955
$50,000 to $59,999	50	20	30	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	50	20	30	72,850	40,725	32,125
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	20	15	10	50,395	28,870	21,520
$70,000 to $79,999	5	5	0	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	5	0	5	32,395	18,070	14,325
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	5	5	0	18,025	11,265	6,760
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	643,700	402,325	241,380	0	0	0	10,385	6,855	3,535
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	0	0	0	23,150	16,360	6,785
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	792,455	530,970	261,490	0	0	0	12,080	8,410	3,670
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	0	0	0	11,065	7,945	3,115
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	560	255	305	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	605	320	285	819,310	395,755	423,560
Without employment income	175	70	105	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	200	95	105	275,765	119,595	156,170
With employment income	390	185	205	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	410	225	185	543,550	276,155	267,390
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	25	30	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	70	35	30	77,555	37,160	40,400
$5,000 to $9,999	55	25	25	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	45	20	25	45,840	20,175	25,660
$10,000 to $19,999	55	20	35	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	65	40	30	71,750	32,760	38,985
$20,000 to $29,999	50	25	25	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	55	25	30	58,530	27,440	31,095
$30,000 to $39,999	40	20	20	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	50	35	15	54,505	25,820	28,680
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	20	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	50	30	25	51,660	24,210	27,450
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	15	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	25	10	15	40,920	22,085	18,835
$60,000 to $69,999	20	15	10	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	25	10	10	33,355	19,520	13,835
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	5	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	10	5	0	27,430	16,135	11,295
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	929,490	539,395	390,095	5	0	0	24,060	13,375	10,690
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	760,035	439,505	320,530	5	0	0	17,820	9,985	7,840
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	5	5	0	40,125	27,495	12,630
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	5	5	0	20,670	13,250	7,420
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	0	0	0	19,460	14,245	5,210
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	565	255	305	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	605	320	290	819,310	395,750	423,555
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	530	240	290	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	560	300	265	776,185	373,815	402,365
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	31,600	24,800	39,200	45,200	34,000	24,600	24,000	24,800	35,600	41,600	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	530	240	290	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	560	300	265	777,055	373,920	403,140
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,400	28,400	24,600	35,200	40,000	31,200	23,600	22,800	24,600	31,800	36,400	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	215	250	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	450	240	210	684,380	337,255	347,120
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,600	27,600	19,600	36,800	44,000	30,800	25,200	26,200	24,200	32,800	38,800	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	185	200	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	390	210	180	549,215	278,025	271,190
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	32,400	26,400	38,000	44,400	32,800	26,400	27,000	25,800	33,600	38,800	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	190	250	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	475	245	230	573,480	253,385	320,090
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	3,060	7,950	4,240	1,960	6,450	5,800	4,280	8,900	8,600	8,800	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	45	25	25	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	50	25	25	95,990	50,870	45,125
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,120	5,280	2,900	5,720	5,560	5,960	3,400	2,900	4,120	7,050	7,850	6,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	570	255	315	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	585	300	290	819,315	395,805	423,510
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	540	230	310	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	525	275	255	776,340	373,615	402,725
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,000	34,400	32,000	52,350	61,250	43,800	29,700	33,200	25,800	45,640	53,150	38,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	540	230	310	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	525	275	255	777,120	373,720	403,405
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,100	29,000	29,200	42,920	49,000	37,160	26,400	28,800	23,600	37,520	42,640	32,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	480	205	275	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	435	245	190	684,995	337,060	347,935
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,900	34,800	26,200	51,040	60,800	41,320	28,800	31,800	25,000	43,720	51,650	36,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	395	175	220	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	370	215	160	549,145	277,905	271,245
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,600	28,000	50,560	58,800	41,800	30,200	33,600	25,200	43,520	50,240	36,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	435	170	265	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	420	205	215	573,240	252,615	320,625
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,440	5,000	10,600	7,950	6,990	8,800	7,440	6,650	8,200	9,580	9,670	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20	0	0	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	50	30	20	96,890	51,150	45,745
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,500	...	...	7,560	6,880	8,210	6,000	6,400	5,000	8,290	8,740	7,790
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	570	255	320	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	590	300	290	819,315	395,805	423,510
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	140	70	70	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	165	100	65	251,785	133,965	117,825
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	54,000	42,400	60,000	66,000	53,600	35,200	34,800	36,800	53,600	59,600	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	49,000	56,000	40,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	38,000	35,500	42,000	62,500	69,000	55,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	210	100	110	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	135	80	55	209,605	99,920	109,690
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	13,600	25,800	24,200	28,000	21,800	22,000	31,200	12,100	20,600	24,400	18,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	26,000	27,200	35,200	41,280	29,720	27,200	35,000	16,500	30,840	37,480	24,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.5	90.0	72.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	80.0	86.0	73.0	84.6	87.6	80.4
Employment income (%)	72.0	84.0	62.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	72.0	80.0	62.0	67.4	70.4	63.7
Government transfers (%)	20.4	10.6	28.4	12.3	8.9	16.9	19.8	15.0	26.8	15.5	12.3	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	x	x	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.9	2.4	1.6	2.3	2.3	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,225	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	84,000	...	...	53,200	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	73,000	...	...	47,600	...	...	62,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	110	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	135	...	...	131,850	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	41,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	37,200	...	...	29,800	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	180	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	205	...	...	296,380	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	105,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	56,600	...	...	87,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	87,700	...	...	49,400	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	115	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	160	...	...	131,820	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	53,350	...	...	34,800	...	...	45,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,500	...	...	44,360	...	...	30,200	...	...	37,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	175	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	180	...	...	296,405	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	76,000	...	...	106,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	67,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,225	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	165,175	...	...	15	...	...	4,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	5	...	...	2,660	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	178,475	...	...	15	...	...	8,695	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	274,140	...	...	15	...	...	7,735	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	637,695	...	...	20	...	...	24,065	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	505,875	...	...	10	...	...	17,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	488,735	...	...	20	...	...	17,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	560,950	...	...	20	...	...	19,870	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	572,650	...	...	20	...	...	19,565	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	559,155	...	...	15	...	...	18,950	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	35	...	...	35,540	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	35	...	...	33,315	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	986,460	...	...	25	...	...	30,505	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	921,205	...	...	20	...	...	27,540	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	844,835	...	...	15	...	...	24,515	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	55	...	...	135,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	30	...	...	46,745	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	15	...	...	31,570	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	5	...	...	33,750	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	0	...	...	23,565	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,225	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	186,735	...	...	15	...	...	5,335	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	5	...	...	2,750	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	183,430	...	...	15	...	...	8,855	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	289,545	...	...	20	...	...	8,370	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	681,900	...	...	20	...	...	25,970	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	589,110	...	...	20	...	...	20,455	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	582,275	...	...	25	...	...	21,680	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	666,675	...	...	25	...	...	23,815	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	676,995	...	...	20	...	...	22,985	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	655,100	...	...	20	...	...	21,995	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	45	...	...	42,410	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	30	...	...	39,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	30	...	...	34,775	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	15	...	...	29,630	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	911,515	...	...	15	...	...	24,180	...	...
$100,000 and over	40	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	25	...	...	95,105	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	20	...	...	42,740	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	10	...	...	24,600	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	0	...	...	27,775	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	170	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	170	...	...	279,100	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	74,500	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	91,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	40	...	...	127,845	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	69,500	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	79,000	...	...	61,200	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	75	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	75	...	...	97,300	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	45	...	...	45,215	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	56,400	...	...	55,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	130	70	60	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	225	140	85	181,370	85,960	95,405
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	41,200	29,600	38,400	40,000	36,800	24,800	22,400	26,400	34,000	35,200	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	36,400	28,800	34,800	36,000	33,600	24,600	21,600	26,400	30,800	31,600	30,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	170	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	145	...	...	279,025	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	80,000	...	...	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	105,600	...	...	70,000	...	...	88,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	50	...	...	127,670	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	78,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	79,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	95	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	45	...	...	97,420	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	108,000	...	...	139,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	92,000	...	...	112,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	40	...	...	45,155	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	82,300	...	...	56,000	...	...	69,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	71,800	...	...	52,000	...	...	60,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	125	60	70	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	235	155	80	181,300	85,865	95,440
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,000	46,000	36,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	31,200	33,000	28,000	42,200	43,960	40,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,500	39,000	33,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	27,200	28,400	25,000	35,600	36,480	34,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	685	325	360	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	745	390	360	955,855	465,825	490,040
0 to 17 years	140	80	60	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	155	80	80	165,120	84,795	80,330
0 to 5 years	55	35	20	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	60	30	30	49,490	25,290	24,200
18 to 64 years	420	185	235	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	520	275	245	584,500	285,155	299,345
65 years and over	120	55	65	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	70	35	35	206,230	95,870	110,370
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	105	55	60	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	175	105	70	142,180	65,125	77,055
0 to 17 years	20	15	5	854,565	439,490	415,075	30	15	15	28,510	14,770	13,740
0 to 5 years	10	10	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	15	10	5	9,780	5,045	4,740
18 to 64 years	50	20	30	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	130	80	45	73,130	34,155	38,980
65 years and over	30	10	20	985,745	391,695	594,050	15	5	5	40,540	16,205	24,330
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.8	15.6	16.0	11.1	10.5	11.6	23.4	26.8	19.5	14.9	14.0	15.7
0 to 17 years (%)	15.0	20.0	10.0	11.9	11.9	11.9	20.0	20.0	20.0	17.3	17.4	17.1
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	25.0	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	24.0	32.0	20.0	19.8	19.9	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.8	12.0	13.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	25.2	30.0	20.0	12.5	12.0	13.0
65 years and over (%)	26.0	20.0	32.0	15.0	12.7	16.9	16.0	12.0	16.0	19.7	16.9	22.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	685	325	360	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	750	390	360	943,185	459,735	483,450
0 to 17 years	140	80	60	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	155	75	75	161,185	82,805	78,380
0 to 5 years	50	30	15	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	60	30	25	48,270	24,665	23,605
18 to 64 years	425	190	235	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	520	280	245	577,035	281,610	295,425
65 years and over	120	55	65	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	75	35	40	204,965	95,315	109,645
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	60	35	25	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	155	90	60	44,075	22,435	21,645
0 to 17 years	10	10	0	319,545	164,490	155,060	25	10	10	7,000	3,610	3,390
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560	10	5	5	2,180	1,165	1,020
18 to 64 years	35	20	15	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	125	75	50	34,085	17,580	16,500
65 years and over	15	5	5	199,155	83,010	116,145	5	0	0	3,000	1,250	1,750
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	11.0	7.6	5.2	5.4	5.0	20.4	23.2	17.5	4.7	4.9	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	9.0	14.0	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	15.0	14.0	16.0	4.3	4.4	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	12.0	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	16.0	16.0	16.0	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	10.0	8.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	24.0	27.0	20.0	5.9	6.2	5.6
65 years and over (%)	10.0	10.0	12.0	3.1	2.7	3.3	6.0	12.0	x	1.5	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	685	325	355	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	750	390	360	955,855	465,825	490,040
In bottom half of the distribution	500	240	260	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	625	330	300	572,455	272,985	299,475
In bottom decile	85	40	45	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	180	105	75	125,755	58,940	66,810
In second decile	100	45	55	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	130	65	65	125,480	58,055	67,425
In third decile	135	60	70	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	140	80	60	113,675	54,280	59,395
In fourth decile	90	45	45	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	110	55	55	107,485	52,275	55,210
In fifth decile	90	45	50	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	60	25	35	100,065	49,435	50,630
In top half of the distribution	185	90	95	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	125	65	60	383,400	192,835	190,560
In sixth decile	65	30	35	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	55	30	25	94,675	47,270	47,410
In seventh decile	50	25	25	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	25	10	20	88,660	44,545	44,110
In eighth decile	40	15	25	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	20	10	10	80,810	40,600	40,215
In ninth decile	25	15	15	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	15	10	10	67,810	34,260	33,555
In top decile	0	0	0	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	0	0	0	51,445	26,165	25,280
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	685	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	750	...	...	955,855	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.267	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.289	...	...	0.327	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.431	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.473	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.232	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.258	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	685	325	360	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	750	395	360	958,990	467,355	491,635
English only	130	60	70	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	185	105	80	856,200	422,260	433,945
French only	135	65	65	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	160	70	90	605	265	335
English and French	385	185	205	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	375	190	180	98,940	43,315	55,625
Neither English nor French	30	15	20	689,725	284,170	405,555	25	15	10	3,245	1,515	1,730
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	685	325	360	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	750	395	360	958,990	467,355	491,635
English	305	145	165	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	345	185	165	926,860	451,840	475,020
French	270	130	140	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	340	180	165	26,775	13,020	13,760
English and French	70	40	35	476,175	237,635	238,535	40	15	20	2,320	1,100	1,225
Neither English nor French	30	15	20	673,100	275,685	397,420	30	15	10	3,030	1,395	1,630
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	685	325	360	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	750	395	360	958,990	467,355	491,635
Single responses	610	285	320	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	700	370	330	941,105	458,730	482,375
Official languages	370	175	195	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	505	255	250	878,890	427,130	451,760
English	170	70	100	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	250	120	125	851,545	413,905	437,640
French	200	105	90	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	260	135	130	27,340	13,220	14,125
Non-official languages	240	110	130	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	195	115	85	62,220	31,605	30,615
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	0	0	0	3,230	1,525	1,705
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	0	0	0	3,175	1,500	1,675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	0	0	0	20	15	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	0	0	0	10	10	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	0	10	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	0	0	0	3,145	1,480	1,660
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	0	0	0	3,145	1,480	1,660
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	0	0	0	5	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	0	0	0	5	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	470	235	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	270	120	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	0	0	0	45	15	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	560	220	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	0	0	0	45	15	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	355	150	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	275	115	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	485	220	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	560	245	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	590	300	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	180	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	240	110	130	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	195	115	85	58,990	30,080	28,905
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	698,355	359,625	338,730	15	10	10	8,935	4,810	4,130
Berber languages	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	0	0	0	20	10	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	0	0	0	10	10	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	0	0	0	0	5	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	225	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	675	340	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	0	0	0	270	140	130
Bilen	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	0	0	0	80	45	35
Somali	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	0	0	0	180	90	90
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	755	400	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	618,450	320,045	298,405	15	10	10	8,645	4,655	3,985
Amharic	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	0	0	0	170	85	85
Arabic	15	5	5	508,410	265,350	243,060	15	10	10	7,960	4,300	3,660
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	0	0	0	25	15	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	0	0	0	10	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	0	0	0	15	10	5
Harari	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	0	0	0	225	125	100
Maltese	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	0	0	0	230	110	115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	235	220	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	192,985	87,230	105,750	15	5	5	965	450	515
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	15	5	0	10	5	5
Vietnamese	5	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820	0	0	0	950	440	510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0	5	5	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	565,375	238,875	326,500	20	10	5	3,885	1,625	2,265
Bikol	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	0	0	0	15	5	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	0	0	0	75	25	50
Cebuano	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	0	0	0	230	85	145
Fijian	0	0	0	605	325	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	0	0	0	75	35	40
Ilocano	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	0	0	0	90	30	55
Indonesian	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	0	0	0	60	20	40
Kankanaey	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	835	415	425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	0	0	0	20	5	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	461,150	194,805	266,345	20	15	10	3,240	1,380	1,865
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	0	0	0	60	20	35
Creole languages	0	0	0	78,235	35,650	42,580	0	5	0	120	60	55
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	52,435	23,355	29,085	0	5	0	20	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	600	315	290	0	0	0	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	795	365	435	0	0	0	10	10	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	0	0	0	35	15	20
Sango	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230	0	0	0	35	20	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	0	0	0	10	5	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	244,165	125,180	118,990	5	0	5	3,385	1,975	1,410
Kannada	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	0	0	0	90	50	45
Malayalam	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	0	0	0	1,975	1,185	790
Tamil	0	0	0	152,850	75,010	77,845	5	0	5	555	295	265
Telugu	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	0	0	0	750	445	305
Tulu	0	0	0	615	310	305	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	370	170	195	0	0	0	5	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	155	75	85	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	105	65	45	28,150	14,700	13,450
Albanian	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	0	0	0	335	165	170
Armenian	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	0	0	0	35	20	15
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	5	648,810	297,100	351,710	5	0	5	4,030	1,870	2,160
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	0	0	0	85	35	55
Latvian	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lithuanian	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	0	0	0	35	10	25
Slavic languages	10	10	5	638,250	292,670	345,580	5	0	5	3,945	1,840	2,105
Belarusian	0	0	0	720	325	395	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	0	0	0	75	35	40
Czech	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	0	0	0	185	90	95
Macedonian	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0	0	0	30	15	20
Polish	0	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	0	0	0	870	405	465
Russian	10	5	5	197,905	89,100	108,800	5	0	0	1,735	795	945
Rusyn	0	0	0	500	240	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	0	0	0	580	285	300
Bosnian	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	0	0	0	130	65	65
Croatian	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	0	0	0	240	105	130
Serbian	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	0	0	0	190	105	90
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	0	0	0	20	10	15
Slovak	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	0	0	0	95	50	50
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	0	0	0	25	10	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	0	0	0	330	150	175
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	235	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	0	0	0	110	55	60
Irish	0	0	0	665	355	315	0	0	0	10	5	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	425	210	210	0	0	0	65	30	40
Welsh	0	0	0	825	410	420	0	0	0	20	5	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0	15	10	10
Germanic languages	0	0	0	463,400	221,365	242,035	0	0	0	5,580	2,735	2,845
Frisian	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	0	0	0	30	20	10
High German languages	0	0	0	301,570	142,580	158,990	0	0	0	3,245	1,560	1,680
German	0	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615	0	0	0	3,050	1,465	1,585
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swiss German	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	0	0	0	165	90	75
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0	0	0	25	10	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	0	0	0	1,890	935	960
Afrikaans	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	0	0	0	235	115	120
Dutch	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	0	0	0	1,395	690	705
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0	0	0	60	25	35
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	0	0	0	40	20	20
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	0	0	0	135	65	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	0	0	0	25	15	10
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	0	0	0	400	210	185
Danish	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	0	0	0	150	85	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	905	430	480	0	0	0	45	25	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	0	0	0	90	40	50
Swedish	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	0	0	0	110	55	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	0	0	0	15	5	10
Greek	5	5	5	93,335	45,860	47,470	5	5	0	710	355	355
Indo-Iranian languages	50	25	25	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	30	15	10	12,325	7,030	5,295
Indo-Aryan languages	50	25	25	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	30	15	10	10,555	6,110	4,445
Assamese	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0	15	5	5
Bengali	15	5	10	87,580	45,160	42,425	0	0	0	890	515	380
Gujarati	0	0	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	0	0	0	1,160	745	415
Hindi	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	5	5	0	2,035	1,165	865
Kacchi	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	0	0	0	10	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	745	395	350	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	0	0	0	25	15	10
Marathi	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	0	0	0	170	90	75
Nepali	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	0	0	0	410	200	210
Oriya languages	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	0	0	0	10	5	5
Odia	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	645	325	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	15	666,585	341,515	325,065	20	15	10	4,550	2,680	1,865
Rohingya	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0	5	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	0	0	0	30	15	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	0	0	0	250	125	130
Urdu	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	5	0	0	965	520	440
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	0	0	0	35	20	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	0	0	0	1,760	910	845
Baluchi	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	0	0	0	220	110	105
Parsi	0	0	0	555	310	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	0	0	0	105	60	40
Persian languages	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	0	0	0	1,435	735	700
Dari	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	0	0	0	180	85	95
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360	0	0	0	1,135	590	550
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	0	0	0	115	60	55
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	815	425	390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	165	140	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	40	50	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	70	40	30	5,025	2,470	2,555
Catalan	0	0	0	905	470	440	0	0	0	5	5	5
Italian	50	20	30	319,505	154,295	165,205	0	0	0	730	405	320
Portuguese	0	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450	0	0	0	1,305	640	665
Romanian	5	5	0	93,160	44,185	48,975	5	5	0	300	150	150
Spanish	25	10	15	538,870	259,500	279,375	55	30	20	2,680	1,270	1,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	385	195	185	0	0	0	5	5	0
Japanese	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	0	0	0	395	100	290
Korean	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	0	0	0	2,340	1,000	1,340
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	0	0	0	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	15	108,295	52,850	55,440	15	10	5	1,025	520	500
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	0	0	0	80	45	30
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	0	0	0	5	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	0	0	0	20	10	10
Éwé	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	5	0	0	35	15	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	3,520	1,825	1,695	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	815	400	415	0	0	0	15	10	5
Ganda	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	0	0	0	35	15	25
Gikuyu	0	0	0	760	320	440	0	0	0	15	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	0	0	0	90	45	45
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	7,380	3,365	4,015	0	0	0	55	25	35
Lingala	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	0	0	0	5	0	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	520	245	275	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	695	365	325	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ndebele	0	0	0	920	420	500	0	0	0	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	0	0	0	10	5	0
Shona	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	0	0	0	50	30	20
Soninke	0	0	0	505	315	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	520	200	320	0	0	0	5	5	0
Swahili	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	0	0	0	215	100	110
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	0	0	0	10	5	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	0	0	0	215	110	105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	5	5	0	130	75	60
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	0	0	0	125	60	60
Dinka	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	0	0	0	30	10	15
Nuer	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	0	0	0	90	50	45
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	575	305	270	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	0	0	0	215	110	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	0	0	0	170	95	80
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	0	0	0	35	20	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	15	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	15	10	5	8,380	4,145	4,240
Chinese languages	30	10	15	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	15	10	5	8,350	4,125	4,225
Hakka	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	0	0	0	15	5	5
Mandarin	0	0	0	679,255	310,750	368,510	10	10	0	6,730	3,335	3,395
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	0	0	0	90	45	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	0	0	0	35	15	15
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	553,380	255,540	297,835	0	0	0	1,250	595	655
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	0	0	0	220	125	95
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	630	295	330	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	0	0	0	25	15	5
Burmese	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	870	400	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	615	305	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	890	445	440	0	0	0	10	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745	0	0	0	155	45	110
Lao	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	0	0	0	10	5	5
Thai	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	0	0	0	145	40	100
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	165	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	0	0	0	465	275	195
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	0	0	0	25	10	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	540	230	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	0	0	0	345	210	140
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	0	0	0	5	5	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	0	0	0	75	40	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	0	0	0	10	10	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	0	0	0	425	185	240
Estonian	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	0	0	0	50	20	30
Finnish	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	0	0	0	85	35	50
Hungarian	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	0	0	0	290	130	160
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	0	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	75	35	35	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	50	20	25	17,880	8,625	9,255
English and French	25	15	15	291,325	142,420	148,905	15	5	10	6,640	2,945	3,695
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	921,480	450,685	470,800	10	5	5	9,805	4,975	4,830
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	117,910	57,875	60,040	25	10	10	315	140	180
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	52,880	25,900	26,975	0	0	0	375	175	195
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	0	0	0	745	385	360
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	685	325	360	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	750	395	360	958,990	467,355	491,635
English	165	70	100	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	240	120	120	863,700	420,555	443,145
French	185	100	85	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	215	110	105	9,795	4,680	5,120
Non-official language	75	35	40	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	65	40	25	17,340	8,855	8,490
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	0	0	0	1,125	540	580
Non-Indigenous	75	35	40	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	65	40	25	16,220	8,310	7,910
English and French	45	20	25	953,760	465,560	488,205	80	40	35	16,185	7,225	8,955
English and non-official language(s)	70	45	30	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	55	30	25	48,020	24,140	23,880
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	40	395,320	188,195	207,125	35	15	25	180	80	100
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	455,760	217,995	237,770	40	20	20	2,475	1,170	1,305
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	200,320	93,165	107,155	15	10	5	1,290	655	635
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	685	325	360	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	750	395	360	958,990	467,355	491,635
Single responses	590	280	305	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	685	365	325	945,155	460,495	484,660
Official languages	455	215	235	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	560	295	270	908,700	441,805	466,895
English	235	100	135	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	290	150	145	896,020	435,780	460,240
French	220	115	105	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	275	150	125	12,680	6,025	6,655
Non-official languages	140	70	70	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	125	70	55	36,450	18,690	17,760
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	0	0	0	2,065	995	1,070
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	0	0	0	2,050	990	1,060
Blackfoot	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	0	0	0	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	665	305	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	830	430	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0	0	0	2,045	995	1,055
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0	0	0	2,045	990	1,055
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	145	70	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0	0	0	5	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0	0	0	5	5	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	260	130	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	135	70	70	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	125	70	55	34,385	17,690	16,695
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	395,840	197,010	198,830	10	5	10	5,575	2,855	2,715
Berber languages	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	840	455	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	155	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	835	425	410	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	635	330	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	0	0	0	200	105	100
Bilen	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	0	0	0	45	25	20
Somali	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	0	0	0	155	80	80
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	352,790	176,270	176,520	10	5	10	5,365	2,750	2,615
Amharic	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	0	0	0	100	50	50
Arabic	10	5	5	285,915	143,650	142,260	10	5	10	4,940	2,530	2,410
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	0	0	0	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	0	0	0	15	5	5
Harari	0	0	0	680	305	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	0	0	0	140	75	65
Maltese	0	0	0	795	360	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	0	0	0	170	85	90
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	135	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070	5	0	0	665	320	350
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	5	0	0	5	5	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055	0	0	0	660	315	340
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	326,245	149,550	176,700	15	10	5	2,125	1,025	1,100
Bikol	0	0	0	760	370	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	0	0	0	40	15	20
Cebuano	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	0	0	0	120	60	60
Fijian	0	0	0	200	110	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	0	0	0	40	15	25
Ilocano	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	0	0	0	20	5	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0	585	265	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	320	150	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	390	205	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	280	145	140	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	680	310	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170	15	10	5	1,845	895	955
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	680	325	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	0	0	0	30	15	20
Creole languages	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	0	0	0	50	20	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	0	0	0	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	300	125	175	0	0	0	10	0	5
Krio	0	0	0	360	150	210	0	0	0	5	0	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	0	0	0	15	5	5
Sango	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	0	0	0	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	870	395	475	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	169,705	85,265	84,440	0	0	0	2,315	1,320	1,000
Kannada	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	0	0	0	40	25	20
Malayalam	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	0	0	0	1,435	835	595
Tamil	0	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095	0	0	0	390	205	185
Telugu	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	0	0	0	440	255	190
Tulu	0	0	0	240	120	120	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0	5	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	35	40	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	80	45	35	14,470	7,615	6,855
Albanian	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	0	0	0	145	70	70
Armenian	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	0	0	0	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985	5	0	0	1,745	825	920
Baltic languages	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	0	0	0	10	5	10
Latvian	0	0	0	880	395	485	0	0	0	5	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610	5	0	0	1,735	825	915
Belarusian	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	0	0	0	25	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	0	0	0	50	25	20
Macedonian	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0	0	0	10	5	5
Polish	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	0	0	0	235	110	125
Russian	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	0	0	0	1,060	505	550
Rusyn	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	0	0	0	240	115	125
Bosnian	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	0	0	0	55	25	25
Croatian	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	0	0	0	80	35	45
Serbian	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	0	0	0	100	50	45
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slovak	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0	0	0	15	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	0	0	0	95	45	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	555	295	265	0	0	0	40	20	20
Irish	0	0	0	310	165	145	0	0	0	0	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	105	55	55	0	0	0	35	20	15
Welsh	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	0	0	0	1,540	740	800
Frisian	0	0	0	270	110	155	0	0	0	5	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	0	0	0	1,020	495	525
German	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	0	0	0	970	470	500
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	0	0	0	50	25	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	0	0	0	450	215	240
Afrikaans	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	0	0	0	120	60	60
Dutch	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	0	0	0	145	65	80
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0	0	0	55	30	30
Low Saxon	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0	30	15	20
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0	0	0	90	45	50
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	0	0	0	60	30	35
Danish	0	0	0	615	280	340	0	0	0	15	5	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	175	75	95	0	0	0	20	10	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0	890	435	450	0	0	0	20	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	740	355	390	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	5	0	5	38,300	17,490	20,810	0	0	0	260	120	150
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	20	15	10	8,375	4,660	3,710
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	962,820	490,815	472,000	20	15	10	7,160	4,050	3,105
Assamese	0	0	0	215	110	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	10	56,750	28,435	28,315	0	0	0	580	305	270
Gujarati	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	0	0	0	695	410	285
Hindi	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	5	5	0	1,210	695	515
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	880	415	470	0	0	0	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	0	0	0	85	45	45
Nepali	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	0	0	0	315	155	160
Oriya languages	0	0	0	795	420	375	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	525	275	250	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	145	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	520,390	266,775	253,610	15	10	10	3,510	2,060	1,450
Rohingya	0	0	0	410	195	215	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	0	0	0	130	65	70
Urdu	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	0	0	0	595	305	290
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	0	0	0	5	5	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	204,420	99,545	104,875	0	0	0	1,210	605	610
Baluchi	0	0	0	330	170	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	0	0	0	165	85	85
Parsi	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	0	0	0	60	30	30
Persian languages	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670	0	0	0	990	490	500
Dari	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	0	0	0	130	65	65
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780	0	0	0	790	395	400
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	0	0	0	65	30	35
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	250	225	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	15	20	577,735	273,965	303,770	50	30	25	2,360	1,175	1,175
Catalan	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	20	5	15	92,755	38,750	54,005	0	0	0	165	85	80
Portuguese	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045	0	0	0	770	380	390
Romanian	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955	0	0	0	115	60	60
Spanish	10	5	5	317,365	155,005	162,360	45	25	15	1,305	650	650
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	210	220	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	0	0	0	120	40	75
Korean	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	0	0	0	1,810	815	1,005
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	38,600	18,055	20,545	0	0	0	370	175	200
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	0	0	0	15	5	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0	5	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	365	150	215	0	0	0	5	5	5
Éwé	0	0	0	470	225	245	0	0	0	10	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	260	115	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0	15	5	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	0	0	0	40	20	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0	0	0	35	15	20
Lingala	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	295	130	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	0	0	0	5	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0	235	145	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	0	0	0	110	50	60
Wojenaka	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	0	0	0	0	5	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	0	0	0	95	45	50
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	0	0	0	25	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	0	0	0	75	35	40
Dinka	0	0	0	900	485	420	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuer	0	0	0	645	295	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	0	0	0	55	25	25
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	140	75	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	0	0	0	350	190	160
American Sign Language	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	0	0	0	280	150	130
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	0	0	0	65	35	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	15	967,965	450,210	517,755	10	10	5	6,085	3,100	2,990
Chinese languages	25	15	15	955,685	444,115	511,565	10	10	5	6,085	3,095	2,990
Hakka	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	530,945	249,675	281,270	10	10	5	5,185	2,640	2,540
Min Dong	0	0	0	775	370	405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	0	0	0	30	15	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	0	0	0	30	10	20
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	15	393,430	180,000	213,435	0	0	0	695	335	360
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	0	0	0	145	85	60
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	110	115	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	0	0	0	0	5	0
Burmese	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	660	320	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	225	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	225	240	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	135	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	0	0	0	60	30	35
Lao	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	0	0	0	60	30	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	85	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	0	0	0	230	120	115
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	0	0	0	160	85	75
Uyghur	0	0	0	850	420	435	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	950	470	480	0	0	0	45	20	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	195	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	0	0	0	85	40	40
Estonian	0	0	0	615	245	370	0	0	0	10	5	5
Finnish	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	0	0	0	65	35	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	95	40	50	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	65	25	35	13,840	6,860	6,980
English and French	25	10	10	230,955	112,070	118,880	25	10	15	2,645	1,210	1,435
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	15	5	5	10,725	5,435	5,290
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	125,525	60,405	65,125	20	10	10	90	35	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	56,805	27,370	29,430	5	5	5	210	105	105
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	0	0	0	170	80	90
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	685	325	360	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	750	390	360	958,990	467,355	491,635
None	485	230	255	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	570	295	275	902,315	439,745	462,575
English	25	10	10	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	65	35	30	17,980	9,075	8,900
French	55	25	35	571,040	268,530	302,510	40	15	25	11,345	4,995	6,350
Non-official language	65	35	35	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	45	25	20	20,845	10,180	10,665
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	0	0	0	1,960	890	1,070
Non-Indigenous	65	35	35	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	45	25	20	18,890	9,290	9,595
English and French	15	10	5	86,185	42,600	43,585	5	5	5	315	145	170
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	323,845	161,995	161,850	10	5	5	2,420	1,305	1,110
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	134,565	61,575	72,995	5	0	0	1,285	605	680
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	5	0	0	75	35	35
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	234,905	115,470	119,430	15	5	5	2,415	1,265	1,150
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	710	335	380	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	675	345	330	955,855	465,855	490,005
Official languages	655	315	345	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	645	330	310	952,595	464,200	488,395
English	495	235	265	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	525	275	250	951,945	463,930	488,015
French	515	235	280	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	495	250	240	99,300	43,375	55,920
Non-official languages	435	210	225	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	195	110	90	93,440	46,815	46,625
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	0	0	0	5,930	2,720	3,210
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	0	0	0	5,780	2,665	3,120
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	0	0	0	80	25	55
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	0	0	0	75	25	50
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	0	0	0	35	15	25
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	0	0	0	20	0	20
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0	0	0	10	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	0	0	0	5,660	2,615	3,035
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	0	0	0	5,650	2,620	3,030
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	0	0	0	60	20	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	0	0	0	50	15	40
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	0	0	0	20	0	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	0	0	0	25	10	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	0	0	0	20	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	0	0	0	25	0	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	290	140	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	0	0	0	75	35	40
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	0	0	0	75	35	40
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	0	0	0	15	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	0	0	0	15	0	20
Salish languages	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	370	195	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	180	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	855	405	450	0	0	0	25	10	25
Non-Indigenous languages	435	210	225	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	195	110	90	87,610	44,125	43,485
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	50	20	30	13,180	7,235	5,940
Berber languages	40	20	20	42,835	22,775	20,060	0	0	0	40	30	10
Kabyle	40	20	20	37,415	19,660	17,755	0	0	0	20	20	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	0	0	0	35	15	20
Hausa	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	0	0	0	30	10	20
Mina	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	0	0	0	310	180	135
Bilen	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0	0	0	120	65	50
Somali	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	0	0	0	195	110	85
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	15	25	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	50	20	30	12,880	7,075	5,805
Amharic	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	0	0	0	245	140	100
Arabic	40	15	25	838,045	436,510	401,540	50	20	30	11,745	6,505	5,240
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	0	0	0	80	50	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0	0	0	45	30	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	0	0	0	35	25	10
Harari	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	0	0	0	805	400	405
Maltese	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	0	0	0	160	80	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	260,030	120,035	139,995	0	0	0	1,250	640	610
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	0	0	0	20	20	0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	232,800	107,435	125,355	0	0	0	1,230	625	605
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	910	455	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	10	10	0	6,005	2,580	3,420
Bikol	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	0	0	0	205	85	120
Cebuano	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	0	0	0	390	160	230
Fijian	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	0	0	0	65	30	40
Ilocano	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	0	0	0	225	70	155
Indonesian	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	0	0	0	145	45	100
Kankanaey	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	0	0	0	30	10	20
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	860	345	510	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0	0	0	10	0	10
Merina	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malay	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	0	0	0	85	30	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	0	0	0	60	25	35
Pangasinan	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	0	0	0	35	25	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	10	10	0	5,595	2,425	3,170
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	0	0	0	30	10	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	0	0	0	260	90	170
Creole languages	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790	0	0	0	570	255	310
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680	0	0	0	75	30	45
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0	0	0	70	35	30
Krio	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	0	0	0	35	15	15
Morisyen	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	0	0	0	100	35	65
Sango	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	0	0	0	135	65	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	0	0	0	165	75	90
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	15	10	10	5,060	2,935	2,120
Kannada	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	0	0	0	380	200	175
Malayalam	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	0	0	0	2,705	1,575	1,130
Tamil	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	15	0	10	1,570	935	640
Telugu	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	0	0	0	1,265	740	520
Tulu	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	0	0	0	10	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	450	520	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	225	120	105	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	65	35	30	45,840	23,400	22,440
Albanian	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	0	0	0	495	245	250
Armenian	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0	0	0	65	40	20
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915	0	0	0	5,595	2,735	2,860
Baltic languages	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	0	0	0	160	75	85
Latvian	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	0	0	0	95	45	50
Lithuanian	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0	0	0	65	30	35
Slavic languages	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960	0	0	0	5,465	2,685	2,780
Belarusian	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	0	0	0	35	15	20
Bulgarian	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	0	0	0	115	60	55
Czech	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	0	0	0	310	175	140
Macedonian	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0	0	0	65	40	25
Polish	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	0	0	0	1,105	515	590
Russian	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860	0	0	0	2,790	1,420	1,370
Rusyn	0	0	0	680	345	330	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	0	0	0	920	450	465
Bosnian	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	0	0	0	255	115	135
Croatian	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	0	0	0	460	185	275
Serbian	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	0	0	0	385	215	170
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	0	0	0	35	20	15
Slovak	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	0	0	0	165	60	105
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ukrainian	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	0	0	0	600	295	305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	0	0	0	1,035	495	540
Irish	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	0	0	0	190	100	90
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	0	0	0	635	275	355
Welsh	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	0	0	0	100	60	35
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	910	495	415	0	0	0	145	70	75
Germanic languages	0	0	0	658,705	319,800	338,905	10	0	10	9,805	4,730	5,075
Frisian	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	0	0	0	55	35	20
High German languages	0	0	0	453,995	222,215	231,780	10	0	0	6,770	3,330	3,440
German	0	0	0	419,195	204,840	214,355	10	0	0	6,665	3,290	3,375
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	0	0	0	200	85	115
Yiddish	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	0	0	0	30	20	15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	0	0	0	2,765	1,320	1,445
Afrikaans	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	0	0	0	455	240	215
Dutch	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	0	0	0	2,015	950	1,065
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0	0	0	90	45	45
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	0	0	0	50	25	20
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	0	0	0	200	85	110
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	0	0	0	50	15	40
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	0	0	0	730	355	380
Danish	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	0	0	0	260	140	125
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	0	0	0	65	35	30
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	0	0	0	245	135	105
Swedish	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	0	0	0	200	65	135
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0	50	25	25
Greek	10	10	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	0	0	0	1,125	545	575
Indo-Iranian languages	95	60	35	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	0	0	0	17,345	9,790	7,555
Indo-Aryan languages	95	60	35	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	0	0	0	15,420	8,775	6,650
Assamese	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	0	0	0	30	15	15
Bengali	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	0	0	0	1,225	665	555
Gujarati	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	0	0	0	1,475	925	545
Hindi	15	0	15	761,425	395,410	366,015	0	0	0	10,115	5,745	4,370
Kacchi	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	0	0	0	20	15	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	0	0	0	15	10	0
Konkani	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0	0	0	75	35	40
Marathi	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	0	0	0	450	215	230
Nepali	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	0	0	0	430	230	200
Oriya languages	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0	0	0	45	30	20
Odia	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	0	0	0	20	20	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	0	0	0	25	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	50	25	942,170	488,075	454,090	0	0	0	6,730	3,870	2,860
Rohingya	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	0	0	0	75	45	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	0	0	0	380	190	190
Urdu	25	20	10	414,870	211,895	202,975	0	0	0	1,810	990	820
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	0	0	0	90	65	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	0	0	0	2,125	1,130	995
Baluchi	0	0	0	985	565	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	0	0	0	360	180	180
Parsi	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	0	0	0	215	125	85
Persian languages	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	0	0	0	1,570	830	745
Dari	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	0	0	0	155	85	75
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	0	0	0	1,280	680	600
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	0	0	0	150	75	75
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	0	0	0	35	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	0	0	0	35	30	10
Italic (Romance) languages	110	50	65	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	45	30	20	12,180	5,695	6,485
Catalan	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	0	0	0	30	20	10
Italian	60	15	45	547,655	263,950	283,705	0	0	0	2,120	1,050	1,065
Portuguese	0	0	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	0	0	0	1,770	900	870
Romanian	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	0	0	0	360	145	215
Spanish	35	15	20	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	45	30	20	8,675	3,955	4,720
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	0	0	0	65	40	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	0	0	0	35	15	20
Japanese	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	0	0	0	1,305	580	735
Korean	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	0	0	0	2,825	1,180	1,650
Mongolian	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	30	267,520	131,495	136,025	25	20	0	3,110	1,565	1,540
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	0	0	0	185	100	85
Bamanankan	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0	0	0	30	10	25
Edo	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	0	0	0	35	15	20
Éwé	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	0	0	0	65	35	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	20	10	7,840	4,100	3,740	0	0	0	30	20	10
Ga	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	0	0	0	45	35	10
Ganda	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	0	0	0	105	55	45
Gikuyu	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	0	0	0	15	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	0	0	0	430	190	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	0	0	0	115	60	55
Lingala	15	0	10	25,720	12,260	13,460	0	0	0	100	60	40
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0	0	0	25	15	10
Mòoré	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	0	0	0	15	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	0	0	0	45	35	10
Shona	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	0	0	0	135	60	70
Soninke	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	0	0	0	20	15	0
Swahili	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	0	0	0	715	405	310
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0	0	0	80	45	40
Yoruba	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	0	0	0	1,045	505	535
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	0	0	0	495	280	210
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	0	0	0	370	210	155
Dinka	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	0	0	0	110	40	75
Nuer	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	0	0	0	255	175	85
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0	40	25	15
Sign languages	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	0	0	0	1,765	660	1,105
American Sign Language	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	0	0	0	1,505	530	975
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	0	0	0	290	140	150
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	25	45	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	20	10	10	9,850	4,920	4,930
Chinese languages	70	25	45	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	20	10	10	9,775	4,870	4,905
Hakka	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	0	0	0	40	15	25
Mandarin	25	10	15	987,300	452,995	534,305	20	10	10	8,525	4,285	4,240
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	0	0	0	145	60	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0	0	0	60	25	30
Yue (Cantonese)	60	15	40	724,925	335,185	389,740	0	0	0	1,805	800	1,005
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	0	0	0	225	120	105
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	0	0	0	25	15	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	0	0	0	70	50	25
Burmese	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	395	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	0	0	0	50	30	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	0	0	0	200	75	130
Lao	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	0	0	0	20	10	10
Thai	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	0	0	0	185	65	120
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	800	330	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	0	0	0	925	540	390
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	0	0	0	45	25	15
Kazakh	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	0	0	0	680	380	300
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0	0	0	140	80	60
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	0	0	0	70	50	20
Uralic languages	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	0	0	0	520	225	300
Estonian	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	0	0	0	40	15	25
Finnish	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	0	0	0	105	45	60
Hungarian	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	0	0	0	375	160	215
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	0	0	0	250	125	125
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	710	335	380	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	680	345	335	955,855	465,855	490,005
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	20	0	15	52,430	25,175	27,250
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	20	0	15	50,245	24,140	26,100
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	15	0	15	28,050	13,405	14,650
Métis	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	0	0	0	21,090	10,255	10,835
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	0	0	0	1,100	485	620
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	0	0	0	885	435	445
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	0	0	0	1,300	600	705
Non-Indigenous identity	710	335	375	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	655	335	320	903,430	440,680	462,750
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	710	335	380	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	680	345	335	955,855	465,855	490,005
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	0	0	0	18,450	8,810	9,640
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	710	335	380	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	675	345	330	937,405	457,045	480,360
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
Owner	100	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	90	...	...	285,995	...	...
Renter	190	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	255	...	...	139,415	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...	2,820	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	35	...	...	16,130	...	...
Not condominium	285	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	310	...	...	412,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	132,060	...	...	0	...	...	2,070	...	...
1 bedroom	45	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	75	...	...	52,160	...	...
2 bedrooms	90	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	160	...	...	117,275	...	...
3 bedrooms	125	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	80	...	...	162,095	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	35	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	25	...	...	94,630	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	130	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	195	...	...	106,425	...	...
5 rooms	90	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	80	...	...	68,795	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	35	...	...	68,430	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	10	...	...	58,805	...	...
8 or more rooms	15	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	15	...	...	125,765	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7	...	...	6.1	...	...	4.5	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
One person or fewer per room	270	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	330	...	...	423,980	...	...
More than one person per room	20	...	...	353,715	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
Suitable	255	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	290	...	...	413,020	...	...
Not suitable	35	...	...	805,650	...	...	50	...	...	15,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
1960 or before	65	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	155	...	...	110,850	...	...
1961 to 1980	200	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	95	...	...	116,750	...	...
1981 to 1990	10	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	30	...	...	59,840	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	20	...	...	52,820	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	959,860	...	...	0	...	...	23,290	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	15	...	...	22,740	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	967,540	...	...	15	...	...	19,850	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	0	...	...	22,085	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	280	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	285	...	...	393,015	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	919,545	...	...	55	...	...	35,215	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
One-maintainer household	190	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	225	...	...	226,285	...	...
Two-maintainer household	85	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	90	...	...	187,565	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	687,485	...	...	15	...	...	14,380	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	424,695	...	...	20	...	...	14,490	...	...
25 to 34 years	45	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	70	...	...	56,105	...	...
35 to 44 years	45	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	45	...	...	62,340	...	...
45 to 54 years	55	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	85	...	...	70,065	...	...
55 to 64 years	50	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	60	...	...	89,710	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	35	...	...	78,645	...	...
75 to 84 years	25	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	10	...	...	42,555	...	...
85 years and over	30	...	...	457,900	...	...	0	...	...	14,330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	285	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	340	...	...	421,920	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	230	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	240	...	...	346,445	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	55	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	105	...	...	75,475	...	...
30% to less than 100%	50	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	90	...	...	66,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	290	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	340	...	...	428,230	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	170	...	...	114,325	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	50	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	65	...	...	65,710	...	...
Not suitable only	25	...	...	595,110	...	...	40	...	...	11,185	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	645,465	...	...	30	...	...	26,055	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	15	...	...	2,210	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	25	...	...	7,345	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	0	...	...	1,610	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	0	...	...	200	...	...
Acceptable housing	205	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	170	...	...	313,900	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	280	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	325	...	...	413,315	...	...
In core need	35	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	55	...	...	41,465	...	...
Not in core need	245	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	270	...	...	371,845	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	100	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	90	...	...	283,280	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	45.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	66.7	...	...	54.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.0	...	...	14.8	...	...	22.2	...	...	9.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	660	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,180	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,380	...	...	1,070	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	395,000	...	...	295,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	190	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	250	...	...	138,920	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.1	...	...	33.2	...	...	34.0	...	...	34.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.5	...	...	20.0	...	...	23.4	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	1,070	...	...	820	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	1,209	...	...	890	...	...	1,083	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...	2,820	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	...	...	...	4.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	284	...	...	...	...	...	184	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	327	...	...	...	...	...	245	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	715	330	380	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	675	340	335	955,860	465,855	490,000
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	15	0	15	21,315	10,085	11,230
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	15	0	15	20,960	9,940	11,025
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	15	0	15	16,710	7,915	8,790
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	0	0	0	3,730	1,795	1,935
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	0	0	0	520	225	300
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	0	0	0	355	145	210
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	0	0	0	290	115	175
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0	0	0	40	20	20
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	0	0	0	25	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	15	10	10	44,500	21,075	23,425
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	15	10	10	43,525	20,615	22,910
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	801,630	384,550	417,075	15	10	10	29,010	13,605	15,410
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	0	0	0	13,390	6,420	6,970
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	0	0	0	1,125	590	530
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	0	0	0	975	460	515
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	0	0	0	820	390	425
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	0	0	0	105	35	70
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	0	0	0	45	25	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	330	125	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	705	330	375	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	645	335	310	890,045	434,700	455,345
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	710	330	380	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	675	345	330	955,860	465,855	490,000
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	560	265	295	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	540	270	275	903,570	438,325	465,245
Canadian citizens aged under 18	145	85	60	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	100	55	45	157,470	81,155	76,320
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	415	175	235	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	445	210	230	746,105	357,175	388,930
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	155	70	85	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	130	75	60	52,285	27,530	24,755
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	710	330	380	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	675	345	330	955,860	465,855	490,000
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	325	150	180	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	420	225	200	861,945	417,905	444,035
Immigrants⁸¹	330	150	180	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	190	80	105	71,565	35,430	36,140
Before 1980	55	20	40	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	20	0	15	16,790	8,030	8,760
1980 to 1990	30	10	20	924,320	443,805	480,520	0	0	0	5,465	2,635	2,825
1991 to 2000	60	30	30	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	35	20	15	6,685	3,255	3,430
2001 to 2010	55	35	20	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	50	25	25	12,375	6,140	6,230
2011 to 2021⁸²	125	55	70	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	70	25	45	30,255	15,370	14,890
2011 to 2015	65	35	30	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	40	15	25	8,875	4,325	4,545
2016 to 2021	60	20	40	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	35	10	20	21,385	11,040	10,345
Non-permanent residents⁸³	55	30	25	924,850	499,490	425,365	70	40	30	22,345	12,525	9,820
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	330	150	175	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	190	80	105	71,565	35,425	36,140
Under 5 years	20	10	10	748,265	377,795	370,470	20	0	20	8,390	4,120	4,270
5 to 14 years	30	10	25	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	30	10	25	13,180	6,980	6,205
15 to 24 years	90	45	45	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	30	15	15	10,940	5,265	5,675
25 to 44 years	150	65	85	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	80	45	35	32,955	15,760	17,195
45 years and over	35	20	15	797,180	364,260	432,920	25	15	10	6,095	3,300	2,795
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	330	150	175	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	190	80	105	71,565	35,425	36,140
Americas	35	15	20	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	50	25	25	12,150	5,780	6,370
Brazil	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	0	0	0	440	205	230
Colombia	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	0	0	0	270	125	140
El Salvador	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	0	0	0	85	40	45
Guyana	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	0	0	0	255	110	140
Haiti	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	0	0	0	55	10	45
Jamaica	15	0	10	145,360	63,430	81,925	0	0	0	760	395	365
Mexico	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	0	0	0	350	185	165
Peru	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	0	0	0	115	55	55
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	0	0	0	290	155	130
United States of America	0	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	0	0	0	7,570	3,435	4,130
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	250,760	116,305	134,460	25	15	10	1,960	1,045	915
Europe	70	35	35	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	30	10	25	23,295	11,615	11,685
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	0	0	0	265	130	135
Croatia	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	0	0	0	250	110	140
France	15	10	0	121,525	63,845	57,685	0	0	0	485	260	220
Germany	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	0	0	0	2,370	1,165	1,210
Greece	10	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	0	0	0	300	130	165
Hungary	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	0	0	0	215	105	110
Italy	30	10	25	204,065	101,445	102,625	0	0	0	490	280	205
Netherlands	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	10	0	0	1,465	795	670
Poland	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	0	0	0	765	340	425
Portugal	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	0	0	0	235	135	95
Romania	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	0	0	0	315	135	175
Russian Federation	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	0	0	0	710	330	375
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	0	0	0	155	70	80
Ukraine	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	0	0	0	615	335	280
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	0	0	0	11,935	5,930	6,000
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	0	0	0	2,745	1,355	1,385
Africa	95	50	45	821,735	412,365	409,375	50	25	30	6,575	3,545	3,035
Algeria	20	15	10	79,660	41,065	38,600	0	0	0	75	55	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	33,110	15,775	17,340	0	0	0	265	145	115
Egypt	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	0	0	0	970	525	450
Eritrea	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	0	0	0	120	85	35
Ethiopia	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	0	0	0	275	160	115
Morocco	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	0	0	0	150	60	85
Nigeria	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	0	0	0	1,745	890	860
Somalia	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	0	0	0	130	80	50
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	0	0	0	705	360	350
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	30	314,995	157,170	157,825	20	15	10	2,135	1,175	965
Asia	130	55	70	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	55	25	30	28,940	14,155	14,785
Afghanistan	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	0	0	0	125	65	55
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	0	0	0	1,045	530	510
Iraq	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	0	0	0	435	235	200
Lebanon	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	0	0	0	1,565	880	685
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,155
Turkey	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	0	0	0	315	180	135
China⁹⁰	40	15	25	715,835	317,970	397,860	0	0	0	4,320	1,995	2,330
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	0	0	0	355	145	205
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	0	0	0	1,220	540	685
Taiwan	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	0	0	0	180	75	100
Philippines	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	10	0	10	4,760	2,040	2,715
Viet Nam	20	10	10	182,095	82,670	99,425	0	0	0	675	325	350
Bangladesh	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	0	0	0	540	280	260
India	35	20	20	898,050	451,120	446,930	0	0	0	5,605	2,950	2,655
Pakistan	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	0	0	0	900	480	420
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030	0	0	0	375	190	185
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	0	0	0	4,100	1,975	2,125
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	0	0	0	605	335	270
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	60	20	40	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	30	10	20	21,385	11,045	10,340
Americas	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	0	0	0	2,110	1,155	955
Brazil	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	0	0	0	265	135	125
Colombia	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	0	0	0	45	25	20
Haiti	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	0	0	0	325	170	160
Mexico	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	0	0	0	85	60	25
United States of America	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	0	0	0	880	475	400
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	0	0	0	25	15	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	0	0	0	490	280	210
Europe	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	0	0	0	2,145	1,205	945
France	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	0	0	0	80	45	35
Germany	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	0	0	0	185	105	80
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	0	0	0	115	70	40
Italy	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	0	0	0	40	25	15
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	0	0	0	205	100	105
Ukraine	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	0	0	0	265	145	120
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	0	0	0	735	455	275
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	0	0	0	530	260	270
Africa	20	0	20	206,965	102,875	104,090	15	0	10	3,395	1,830	1,570
Algeria	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	0	0	0	30	15	10
Burundi	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	0	0	0	20	15	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	0	0	0	20	0	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	0	0	0	160	85	75
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	0	0	0	40	15	25
Egypt	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	0	0	0	375	215	160
Eritrea	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	0	0	0	50	45	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	0	0	0	100	55	40
Morocco	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	0	0	0	45	25	25
Nigeria	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	0	0	0	1,440	705	735
Somalia	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	0	0	0	95	65	30
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	0	0	0	220	115	110
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	0	0	0	155	110	50
Tunisia	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	0	0	0	25	15	10
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	38,960	19,250	19,715	0	0	0	615	350	270
Asia	35	15	20	823,205	393,110	430,090	10	0	0	13,620	6,770	6,850
Afghanistan	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	0	0	0	30	20	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	0	0	0	350	185	165
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	0	0	0	2,045	985	1,055
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	0	0	0	45	30	20
India	15	0	10	246,995	128,205	118,790	0	0	0	3,665	1,915	1,755
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	0	0	0	220	105	115
Iraq	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	0	0	0	95	30	65
Israel	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	0	0	0	180	80	100
Japan	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	0	0	0	40	0	35
Jordan	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	0	0	0	170	85	85
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	0	0	0	580	240	340
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	0	0	0	170	95	80
Nepal	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	0	0	0	65	35	30
Pakistan	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	0	0	0	370	220	150
Philippines	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	0	0	0	2,325	1,080	1,245
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	0	0	0	225	125	100
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	0	0	0	60	20	35
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,015
Turkey	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	0	0	0	110	55	55
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	0	0	0	110	40	75
Viet Nam	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	0	0	0	205	105	100
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	0	0	0	410	190	220
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	0	0	0	110	85	25
Australia	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	0	0	0	75	55	15
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	0	0	0	40	30	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	710	335	380	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	675	345	330	955,855	465,855	490,005
First generation¹⁰⁰	405	195	210	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	255	120	135	102,490	51,935	50,560
Second generation¹⁰¹	165	80	90	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	85	45	35	75,240	37,030	38,210
Third generation or more¹⁰²	145	60	80	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	330	175	160	778,125	376,890	401,235
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	275	135	140	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	165	80	90	54,775	27,390	27,385
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	95	55	40	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	85	30	55	34,640	17,820	16,820
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	55	40	15	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	35	20	15	14,670	8,960	5,715
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	40	10	30	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	45	10	35	19,970	8,855	11,110
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	120	45	75	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	65	40	30	12,730	5,650	7,075
Refugees¹⁰⁸	45	30	15	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	15	10	10	7,000	3,745	3,260
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	0	0	0	410	180	225
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	275	135	140	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	165	80	90	54,775	27,390	27,385
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	25	20	416,105	222,895	193,205	0	0	0	1,025	610	410
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	0	15	705,405	324,370	381,035	10	0	10	8,380	4,430	3,950
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	0	0	0	2,305	1,245	1,060
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	10	0	0	4,995	2,655	2,340
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	0	0	0	430	145	285
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	195	100	100	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	135	60	75	37,650	18,305	19,340
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	710	335	380	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	675	345	335	955,855	465,850	490,005
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	445	215	230	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	315	150	170	93,430	47,885	45,545
South Asian	105	65	40	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	40	0	30	21,655	12,310	9,345
Chinese	70	20	40	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	0	0	0	11,600	5,595	6,005
Black	185	95	90	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	130	70	60	28,220	14,040	14,180
Filipino	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	30	15	15	6,615	2,910	3,705
Arab	40	15	25	694,015	362,845	331,170	45	15	35	10,610	5,855	4,750
Latin American	25	10	10	580,235	281,030	299,200	30	25	10	2,915	1,440	1,470
Southeast Asian	20	10	10	390,340	184,120	206,220	35	10	25	2,400	1,170	1,230
West Asian	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	0	0	0	1,875	1,010	865
Korean	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	0	0	0	2,845	1,210	1,635
Japanese	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	0	0	0	985	420	565
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	0	0	0	970	490	480
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	0	0	0	2,750	1,430	1,320
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	265	115	150	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	355	195	160	862,425	417,970	444,455
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	710	330	375	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	675	345	330	955,855	465,855	490,005
Canadian	40	10	30	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	120	60	65	151,300	74,015	77,290
English	0	0	0	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	20	15	0	217,910	104,045	113,870
Irish	25	15	10	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	70	45	25	195,665	91,305	104,360
Scottish	20	0	15	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	20	10	10	257,205	122,970	134,230
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25	10	10	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	55	40	15	113,635	54,010	59,630
German	20	0	10	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	0	0	0	86,860	41,315	45,540
Chinese	65	25	45	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	0	0	0	11,515	5,535	5,980
Italian	80	30	50	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	10	10	0	16,575	8,270	8,305
Indian (India)	60	35	25	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	0	0	0	14,310	7,975	6,335
Ukrainian	10	0	0	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	0	0	0	9,630	4,575	5,055
Dutch	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	10	0	0	27,375	12,940	14,440
Polish	0	0	0	982,820	472,290	510,525	0	0	0	11,295	5,685	5,610
Québécois	25	10	15	981,635	490,130	491,510	35	25	10	1,815	915	900
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	0	0	0	32,185	15,630	16,555
Filipino	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	35	15	15	5,790	2,535	3,255
French Canadian	20	15	10	906,315	441,610	464,705	45	25	25	6,065	2,810	3,250
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	691,260	347,080	344,175	25	10	10	57,655	27,830	29,825
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	10	0	10	13,635	6,455	7,175
Métis	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	0	0	0	18,310	8,760	9,545
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	0	0	0	45,180	22,400	22,780
Russian	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	0	0	0	4,490	2,105	2,385
Norwegian	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	0	0	0	6,010	2,775	3,235
Welsh	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	0	0	0	18,140	8,525	9,615
Portuguese	10	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	0	0	0	2,990	1,430	1,565
American	0	0	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	0	0	0	6,880	3,375	3,500
Spanish	0	0	0	342,040	160,475	181,570	15	15	0	4,015	1,840	2,180
Swedish	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	0	0	0	4,065	1,720	2,345
Hungarian	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	0	0	0	2,985	1,450	1,540
Acadian	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	0	0	0	49,205	22,790	26,410
Pakistani	40	20	15	303,260	154,435	148,825	0	0	0	1,285	665	615
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	20	15	301,955	148,335	153,625	10	10	0	8,335	4,160	4,180
Jewish	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	0	0	0	3,655	1,800	1,855
Punjabi	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	0	0	0	1,715	965	750
Vietnamese	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	0	0	0	1,375	720	655
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	263,710	138,210	125,500	0	0	0	3,445	1,805	1,645
Greek	25	10	10	262,140	132,975	129,160	0	0	0	3,175	1,630	1,550
Jamaican	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	25	15	10	1,860	990	875
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	0	0	0	3,115	1,495	1,620
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	0	0	0	1,320	550	770
Korean	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	0	0	0	2,545	1,075	1,470
Romanian	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	0	0	0	1,270	605	670
Lebanese	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615	0	0	0	7,285	3,745	3,535
Iranian	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	0	0	0	1,205	615	590
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	0	0	0	2,460	1,195	1,260
Danish	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	0	0	0	3,730	1,770	1,960
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	0	0	0	6,290	2,975	3,310
Sikh	20	10	10	194,640	101,255	93,385	0	0	0	1,090	640	450
Austrian	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	0	0	0	1,995	995	1,000
Belgian	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	0	0	0	2,975	1,440	1,535
Haitian	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	0	0	0	200	80	125
Hindu	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	0	0	0	1,500	885	615
Mexican	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	25	20	0	935	490	450
Mennonite	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	0	0	0	710	360	350
Swiss	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	0	0	0	2,905	1,310	1,595
Finnish	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	0	0	0	1,295	565	725
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	0	0	0	530	280	250
Croatian	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	0	0	0	1,000	445	550
Japanese	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	0	0	0	1,125	490	635
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	0	0	0	1,045	610	440
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	0	0	0	21,305	10,140	11,160
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	0	0	0	3,995	1,875	2,115
Muslim	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	0	0	0	780	425	360
Egyptian	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	0	0	0	1,390	800	595
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	0	0	0	860	460	400
Tamil	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	15	0	0	380	190	185
Icelandic	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	0	0	0	785	370	415
Colombian	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	0	0	0	525	275	250
Moroccan	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	0	0	0	280	110	170
Czech	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	0	0	0	1,065	520	540
Syrian	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	0	0	0	2,650	1,450	1,200
Guyanese	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	0	0	0	530	255	270
Afghan	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	0	0	0	240	110	125
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	15	10	0	4,420	2,060	2,360
Serbian	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	0	0	0	425	240	190
Ojibway	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	0	0	0	735	295	435
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	0	0	0	7,540	3,565	3,975
Hong Konger	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	0	0	0	230	100	130
Ontarian	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	0	0	0	1,405	725	680
Persian	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	0	0	0	440	210	225
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	0	0	0	510	270	240
Turkish	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	0	0	0	665	360	300
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	0	0	0	1,800	885	915
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	0	0	0	735	395	335
Algerian	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740	0	0	0	40	25	15
Brazilian	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	0	0	0	705	345	365
Nigerian	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	0	0	0	1,070	515	560
Armenian	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	0	0	0	300	165	135
Slovak	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	0	0	0	615	260	355
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	0	0	0	1,710	815	895
Somali	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	0	0	0	200	115	85
Taiwanese	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	0	0	0	300	135	170
Iraqi	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	0	0	0	305	170	135
Salvadorean	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	0	0	0	120	70	55
African Caribbean	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	0	0	0	775	360	415
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	0	0	0	695	370	325
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	0	0	0	1,935	1,035	905
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	0	0	0	520	205	315
Algonquin	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	0	0	0	300	130	170
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	0	0	0	600	260	340
Lithuanian	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	0	0	0	825	420	405
South African	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	0	0	0	685	310	375
Australian	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	0	0	0	545	290	255
Palestinian	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	0	0	0	760	425	335
Chilean	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	0	0	0	265	125	140
Congolese	30	15	20	45,260	22,000	23,260	0	0	0	375	175	205
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	0	0	0	25,505	12,430	13,075
Ethiopian	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	0	0	0	345	175	170
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	0	0	0	250	100	150
Peruvian	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	0	0	0	195	95	95
Yoruba	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	0	0	0	985	495	485
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	0	0	0	60	30	30
Berber	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	0	0	0	60	40	20
Albanian	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	0	0	0	510	260	250
Maltese	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	0	0	0	510	275	230
Macedonian	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	0	0	0	140	65	80
Slovenian	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	0	0	0	225	120	110
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	0	0	0	2,130	1,055	1,075
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	0	0	0	1,380	620	760
Gujarati	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	0	0	0	265	165	100
Eritrean	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	0	0	0	135	65	70
African Canadian	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	0	0	0	5,760	2,815	2,945
Israeli	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	0	0	0	475	265	220
Mohawk	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	0	0	0	515	225	290
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	0	0	0	455	205	250
Bulgarian	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	0	0	0	380	195	185
Albertan	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	0	0	0	250	130	120
Ghanaian	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	0	0	0	235	145	90
Barbadian	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	0	0	0	705	325	375
African American	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	0	0	0	1,270	605	660
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	0	0	0	310	170	145
Tunisian	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	0	0	0	75	45	35
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	0	0	0	380	195	185
Cuban	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	0	0	0	255	115	145
Bosnian	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	0	0	0	295	165	135
Venezuelan	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	0	0	0	210	100	105
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	0	0	0	175	75	95
Latvian	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	0	0	0	495	220	275
Bengali	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	0	0	0	210	120	85
Cameroonian	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	0	0	0	55	15	40
Guatemalan	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	0	0	0	115	50	60
Indonesian	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	0	0	0	280	120	160
Laotian	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	0	0	0	30	10	25
Ilocano	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	0	0	0	65	30	35
Northern Irish	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	0	0	0	465	260	210
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	0	0	0	2,110	980	1,130
British Columbian	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	0	0	0	190	80	110
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	0	0	0	130	50	80
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	0	0	0	145	65	80
Argentinian	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	0	0	0	100	60	35
Estonian	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	0	0	0	325	125	200
Kurdish	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	0	0	0	295	160	130
Fijian	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	0	0	0	10	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	0	0	0	85	40	45
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	0	0	0	890	445	440
Coptic	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	0	0	0	50	20	30
Thai	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	0	0	0	200	90	110
Dominican	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	0	0	0	190	85	100
Nepali	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	0	0	0	230	115	120
Kabyle	50	25	30	20,565	10,595	9,975	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0	0	0	65	40	25
Igbo	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	0	0	0	310	155	160
Byelorussian	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	0	0	0	190	90	95
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	0	0	0	115	50	65
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	0	0	0	350	145	205
Abenaki	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	0	0	0	165	60	105
Moldovan	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	0	0	0	60	35	25
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	0	0	0	230	115	115
New Zealander	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	0	0	0	260	155	105
Sudanese	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	0	0	0	125	90	40
Breton	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	0	0	0	40	20	25
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	0	0	0	165	60	105
Malaysian	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	0	0	0	140	70	75
Plains Cree	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	0	0	0	35	10	25
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	0	0	0	180	110	70
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	0	0	0	115	20	95
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	0	0	0	155	90	65
Buddhist	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	0	0	0	115	55	60
Gaspesian	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0	0	0	40	20	25
Norman	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	0	0	0	165	80	85
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	0	0	0	75	40	35
Ivorian	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0	0	0	20	0	10
Saulteaux	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	0	0	0	10	0	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	0	0	0	100	45	50
Burundian	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tigrinya	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	0	0	0	45	30	20
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	0	0	0	30	25	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	0	0	0	80	30	50
Kenyan	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	0	0	0	245	140	105
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	0	0	0	20	15	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	0	0	0	215	115	100
Manitoban	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	0	0	0	105	55	55
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	0	0	0	7,830	3,730	4,100
Rwandan	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	0	0	0	90	60	25
Grenadian	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	0	0	0	45	20	20
Malayali	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	0	0	0	315	180	140
Chaldean	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	0	0	0	85	45	40
Mayan	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	0	0	0	80	30	55
Honduran	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	0	0	0	15	10	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	0	0	0	390	190	200
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	0	0	0	810	450	355
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	0	0	0	120	65	55
Flemish	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	0	0	0	220	100	115
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	0	0	0	515	235	280
Senegalese	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0	0	0	30	15	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	0	0	0	75	55	20
Sicilian	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	0	0	0	65	25	45
Pashtun	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0	0	0	60	40	25
Malay	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	0	0	0	90	60	35
Goan	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	0	0	0	30	15	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	0	0	0	110	45	60
Tibetan	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0	0	0	20	15	10
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	0	0	0	125	70	55
Burmese	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	0	0	0	90	60	40
Mongolian	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	0	0	0	165	105	60
Azorean	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0	0	0	20	15	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	25	15	10	8,315	4,220	4,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	0	0	0	30	10	20
Ugandan	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	0	0	0	110	55	55
Oromo	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0	0	0	115	65	45
Tanzanian	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	0	0	0	60	20	40
Yemeni	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	0	0	0	160	95	70
Central African	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	0	0	0	55	30	30
Libyan	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	0	0	0	445	255	190
Basque	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	0	0	0	255	155	95
Uruguayan	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	0	0	0	35	10	20
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	0	0	0	65	40	30
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0	0	0	250	110	140
Igorot	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	0	0	0	120	60	70
Fulani	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	25	15	10	7,390	3,700	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0	0	0	65	45	25
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	0	0	0	695	265	430
Maliseet	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	0	0	0	255	120	135
Beninese	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	0	0	0	40	15	25
Telugu	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	0	0	0	110	50	55
Roma	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	0	0	0	140	70	70
Costa Rican	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	0	0	0	25	0	20
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	0	0	0	3,805	1,735	2,075
Malagasy	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0	0	0	15	0	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	0	0	0	30	0	20
Singaporean	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	0	0	0	45	25	25
Karen	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	0	0	0	35	20	10
Tajik	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0	0	0	15	10	0
Amhara	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0	0	0	45	25	15
Paraguayan	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0	0	0	15	0	10
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	710	335	380	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	680	345	335	955,855	465,855	490,000
Buddhist	55	20	40	356,975	157,435	199,540	0	0	0	2,955	1,300	1,655
Christian	400	180	220	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	375	195	185	556,115	256,255	299,860
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	120	50	60	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	40	25	10	45,030	21,690	23,340
Anabaptist	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	0	0	0	815	415	395
Anglican	10	0	0	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	15	0	10	73,015	33,060	39,955
Baptist	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	0	0	0	53,800	24,480	29,320
Catholic	220	95	125	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	265	125	145	245,305	115,030	130,275
Christian Orthodox	15	10	0	623,010	301,055	321,955	0	0	0	4,325	2,195	2,125
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	0	0	0	3,740	1,630	2,105
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	10	10	0	1,685	740	945
Lutheran	0	0	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	0	0	0	6,175	2,970	3,205
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	0	0	0	5,460	2,445	3,015
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	20	10	10	7,525	3,320	4,205
Presbyterian	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	0	0	0	16,935	7,550	9,385
Reformed	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	0	0	0	505	260	250
United Church	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	10	0	10	71,620	31,090	40,525
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	10	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	10	10	0	20,185	9,370	10,815
Hindu	0	0	0	828,195	430,135	398,060	15	0	10	8,460	4,895	3,565
Jewish	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,070
Muslim	120	65	60	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	60	20	40	14,715	8,025	6,690
Sikh	70	40	30	771,790	394,345	377,445	0	0	0	4,735	2,620	2,115
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	0	0	0	1,090	485	605
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	0	0	0	6,195	2,570	3,625
No religion and secular perspectives	60	25	35	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	190	120	75	359,395	188,580	170,820
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	705	320	380	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	665	335	325	948,430	461,880	486,545
Non-movers	660	300	355	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	585	290	295	832,560	405,570	426,995
Movers	45	25	20	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	80	50	35	115,865	56,315	59,550
Non-migrants	45	25	20	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	65	45	20	69,070	33,450	35,620
Migrants	0	0	0	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	20	0	15	46,795	22,865	23,935
Internal migrants	0	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	15	0	15	40,825	19,945	20,880
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	15	0	15	17,815	8,400	9,415
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	0	0	0	23,015	11,550	11,465
External migrants	0	0	0	293,955	147,585	146,370	0	0	0	5,970	2,920	3,050
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	670	305	360	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	635	320	320	915,520	445,160	470,370
Non-movers	495	215	275	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	300	150	145	581,165	282,815	298,350
Movers	175	90	85	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	340	170	175	334,365	162,345	172,020
Non-migrants	55	30	25	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	200	115	85	155,120	74,805	80,315
Migrants	120	60	60	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	140	55	85	179,245	87,545	91,695
Internal migrants	20	0	10	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	60	20	40	143,135	68,580	74,555
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	0	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	55	15	40	76,050	35,460	40,590
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	0	921,345	459,695	461,650	0	0	0	67,085	33,120	33,970
External migrants	100	55	50	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	80	35	45	36,110	18,965	17,145
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	570	255	320	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	590	300	290	819,310	395,805	423,510
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115	55	55	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	170	110	65	157,255	86,485	70,770
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	460	195	260	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	415	195	225	662,060	309,320	352,740
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	375	170	205	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	400	225	175	507,465	245,000	262,465
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	45	30	20	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	115	80	40	60,130	36,560	23,565
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	330	145	185	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	285	150	140	447,335	208,440	238,895
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	570	255	315	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	590	300	290	819,315	395,805	423,510
No certificate, diploma or degree	100	50	45	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	170	105	65	137,525	73,150	64,375
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	165	95	75	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	175	65	105	220,205	108,970	111,240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	300	110	195	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	250	130	120	461,580	213,690	247,895
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	165	60	105	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	155	85	70	262,860	128,430	134,425
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	60	15	45	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	50	35	15	70,140	50,285	19,855
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	15	35	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	30	15	15	37,420	21,935	15,485
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	20	20	0	32,720	28,355	4,365
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	90	40	50	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	100	45	55	173,685	70,510	103,170
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	896,755	372,560	524,195	0	0	0	19,035	7,630	11,400
Bachelor's degree or higher	135	45	90	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	95	45	50	198,725	85,255	113,470
Bachelor's degree	100	35	65	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	60	30	25	131,470	55,740	75,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	556,510	243,200	313,310	20	10	10	12,185	5,260	6,920
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	0	0	0	5,045	2,600	2,450
Master's degree	30	0	25	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	10	0	10	43,285	17,675	25,610
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	0	0	0	6,745	3,985	2,760
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	380	170	205	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	405	225	175	507,465	245,005	262,465
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	25	15	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	115	80	35	50,650	29,980	20,670
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	95	60	35	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	95	45	50	124,015	64,040	59,975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	240	85	155	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	190	100	90	332,805	150,985	181,820
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	125	50	75	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	105	60	50	181,530	89,105	92,430
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	15	35	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	40	25	15	44,840	32,580	12,255
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	15	30	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	25	15	15	23,700	14,200	9,500
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	836,220	693,830	142,395	15	15	0	21,145	18,385	2,760
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	35	30	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	65	30	30	125,220	51,865	73,355
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	623,090	261,035	362,050	0	0	0	11,470	4,655	6,815
Bachelor's degree or higher	120	40	80	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	85	45	40	151,270	61,885	89,385
Bachelor's degree	85	30	55	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	45	30	15	100,175	41,230	58,940
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	430,875	179,230	251,645	15	0	10	9,025	3,680	5,340
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	0	0	0	3,840	1,715	2,130
Master's degree	25	0	20	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	15	0	10	33,605	12,785	20,825
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	0	0	0	4,625	2,475	2,155
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	570	250	315	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	590	300	290	819,315	395,805	423,510
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	270	150	125	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	345	170	170	357,735	182,120	175,620
Education	15	10	0	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	10	0	10	32,930	8,240	24,690
13. Education	15	10	0	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	10	0	10	32,930	8,240	24,690
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	631,255	274,065	357,190	0	0	0	11,875	5,620	6,245
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	0	0	0	1,640	1,165	470
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	10	556,470	220,680	335,790	0	0	0	10,235	4,455	5,780
Humanities	20	0	20	926,560	354,120	572,440	20	0	10	21,855	8,850	13,000
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15	106,345	23,460	82,885	0	0	0	1,250	310	940
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	0	0	0	6,125	1,930	4,195
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830	0	0	0	5,015	1,845	3,165
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	0	0	0	620	265	360
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	0	0	0	1,510	860	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	0	0	0	2,365	1,390	975
54. History	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	0	0	0	3,915	2,050	1,865
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	0	0	0	1,055	205	850
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	15	30	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	35	10	25	46,965	14,270	32,695
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	0	0	0	715	185	530
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200	0	0	0	4,635	1,690	2,945
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240	0	0	0	10,015	850	9,160
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	325,785	115,335	210,445	20	0	15	6,710	2,155	4,555
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	0	0	0	1,060	410	650
42. Psychology	10	0	10	327,965	79,295	248,665	0	0	0	9,695	2,495	7,200
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	705,540	336,960	368,580	15	0	10	14,135	6,485	7,650
Business, management and public administration	80	20	55	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	70	25	45	101,875	33,235	68,645
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	0	0	0	210	20	185
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	0	0	0	7,570	1,505	6,065
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	80	20	55	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	65	20	45	94,100	31,705	62,395
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	0	10	719,715	353,540	366,175	0	0	0	19,060	9,100	9,965
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	297,055	121,615	175,435	0	0	0	8,440	3,485	4,960
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	0	0	0	4,585	1,895	2,685
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	0	0	0	410	85	320
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	0	0	0	5,030	3,405	1,625
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	0	0	0	600	225	380
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	10	804,230	531,435	272,795	15	15	0	18,170	11,610	6,560
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	10	643,145	454,370	188,775	15	15	0	14,910	10,200	4,705
25. Library science	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	0	0	0	1,320	210	1,110
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	0	0	0	1,670	1,020	650
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	0	0	0	270	175	95
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	40	0	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	50	50	0	96,510	89,105	7,405
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	0	0	0	1,825	1,085	745
14. Engineering	20	20	0	900,475	723,080	177,395	20	20	0	15,205	12,550	2,655
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	0	0	0	21,045	18,775	2,265
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	580	190	390	0	0	0	15	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	10	10	0	25,495	24,860	635
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	20	20	0	21,920	21,295	625
48. Precision production	0	0	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	0	0	0	11,010	10,540	470
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	0	0	0	9,905	5,160	4,745
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	0	0	0	5,965	2,615	3,350
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	0	0	0	3,945	2,550	1,390
Health and related fields	35	0	35	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	25	10	15	70,550	11,530	59,020
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	10	0	0	4,330	2,105	2,225
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	35	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	20	0	15	64,255	8,350	55,905
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	0	0	0	180	35	150
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	0	0	0	1,775	1,035	740
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	0	20	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	0	0	0	31,815	16,945	14,875
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	0	20	548,520	151,115	397,410	0	0	0	17,520	4,465	13,045
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	0	0	0	250	220	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	0	0	0	730	690	45
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	0	0	0	4,760	3,625	1,135
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	0	0	0	8,560	7,945	620
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	0	0	0	75	25	55
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	375	170	205	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	400	225	175	507,465	245,000	262,465
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	140	85	50	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	210	125	90	174,660	94,015	80,645
Education	10	10	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	10	0	10	20,200	4,425	15,770
13. Education	10	10	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	10	0	10	20,200	4,425	15,770
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	490,455	210,500	279,955	0	0	0	9,295	4,430	4,860
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	0	0	0	1,250	865	390
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	435,815	172,330	263,480	0	0	0	8,045	3,570	4,475
Humanities	20	0	20	649,695	241,235	408,465	10	0	10	15,170	5,930	9,240
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15	79,235	16,400	62,835	0	0	0	865	210	655
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	0	0	0	4,320	1,320	2,990
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	0	0	0	3,570	1,310	2,260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	0	0	0	420	180	240
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	0	0	0	1,090	615	475
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	0	0	0	1,350	755	590
54. History	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	0	0	0	2,785	1,410	1,380
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	0	0	0	770	130	645
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	25	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	25	10	15	37,160	10,305	26,855
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	0	0	0	515	135	385
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350	0	0	0	3,995	1,410	2,585
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875	0	0	0	8,070	615	7,460
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	15	0	10	5,285	1,405	3,875
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	0	0	0	780	305	470
42. Psychology	15	0	15	249,205	55,840	193,365	0	0	0	7,590	1,820	5,765
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	549,090	254,250	294,840	10	0	0	10,925	4,615	6,315
Business, management and public administration	75	20	50	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	55	25	30	73,450	24,240	49,215
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	0	0	0	145	20	120
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	0	0	0	5,700	1,010	4,690
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	75	20	50	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	50	20	30	67,610	23,210	44,400
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	513,555	241,780	271,785	0	0	0	13,285	5,930	7,350
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	227,460	90,390	137,075	0	0	0	6,020	2,365	3,650
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	0	0	0	3,235	1,275	1,960
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	0	0	0	340	60	280
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	0	0	0	3,415	2,130	1,285
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	0	0	0	280	105	180
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	10	667,305	445,970	221,330	15	15	0	14,780	9,615	5,160
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	10	554,185	392,835	161,350	15	15	0	12,590	8,695	3,895
25. Library science	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	0	0	0	855	125	730
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	0	0	0	1,090	645	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	0	0	0	240	155	85
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	35	0	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	40	40	0	67,440	61,470	5,970
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	0	0	0	1,330	705	625
14. Engineering	15	15	0	724,235	568,385	155,850	15	15	0	11,245	9,095	2,150
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	0	0	0	14,625	12,825	1,805
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	510	160	350	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	0	0	0	17,745	17,230	520
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	15	15	0	15,140	14,660	480
48. Precision production	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	0	0	0	7,350	6,970	380
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	0	0	0	7,525	3,555	3,970
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	0	0	0	4,460	1,695	2,760
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	0	0	0	3,065	1,860	1,205
Health and related fields	20	0	20	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	15	0	15	50,935	8,650	42,285
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	10	0	0	3,230	1,565	1,665
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	0	20	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	10	0	10	46,265	6,410	39,860
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	0	0	0	155	30	130
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	0	0	0	1,285	650	630
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	10	772,450	399,835	372,615	0	0	0	23,515	12,415	11,105
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	414,520	112,935	301,590	0	0	0	12,840	3,235	9,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	0	0	0	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	0	0	0	405	375	30
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	0	0	0	3,795	2,860	940
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	0	0	0	6,290	5,775	515
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	0	0	0	60	15	40
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	375	170	205	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	400	225	175	507,465	245,000	262,465
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	140	85	50	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	210	125	90	174,660	94,015	80,645
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	240	90	150	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	190	105	85	332,805	150,985	181,820
Location of study inside Canada	130	40	90	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	130	50	75	301,970	136,275	165,700
Same as province or territory of residence	125	35	90	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	115	45	75	233,890	103,055	130,835
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	10	10	0	68,085	33,220	34,865
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	110	45	60	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	60	50	15	30,835	14,715	16,120
Americas	10	0	0	483,810	238,040	245,775	15	15	0	6,980	3,290	3,690
United States of America	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435	0	0	0	5,280	2,490	2,790
Mexico	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	15	15	0	290	130	155
Cuba	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	0	0	0	100	50	55
Haiti	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	0	0	0	230	110	120
Brazil	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	0	0	0	465	230	230
Colombia	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	0	0	0	155	75	80
Peru	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	0	0	0	50	15	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	0	0	0	50	30	20
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	0	0	0	370	160	205
Europe	0	0	0	543,725	281,205	262,520	0	0	0	7,560	3,830	3,730
Belgium	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	0	0	0	85	35	50
France	0	0	0	97,770	53,930	43,840	0	0	0	280	130	150
Germany	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	0	0	0	790	410	380
Netherlands	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	0	0	0	230	115	115
Switzerland	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	0	0	0	175	95	80
Hungary	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	0	0	0	40	0	35
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0	0	0	25	10	15
Poland	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	0	0	0	160	55	105
Romania	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	0	0	0	140	55	75
Russian Federation	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	0	0	0	400	185	220
Ukraine	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	0	0	0	285	140	150
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	0	0	0	250	120	130
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	0	0	0	3,820	2,040	1,780
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0	0	0	40	25	20
Italy	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	0	0	0	105	55	50
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	0	0	0	50	25	25
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	0	0	0	675	325	345
Africa	50	25	25	216,815	111,010	105,805	40	25	15	2,050	1,060	995
Nigeria	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	0	0	0	680	350	330
Algeria	20	10	10	33,230	17,020	16,210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	0	0	0	60	30	35
Tunisia	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	0	0	0	20	15	0
Egypt	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	0	0	0	530	270	255
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	0	0	0	330	155	175
Other locations of study in Africa	25	10	10	64,700	33,325	31,385	20	10	10	425	230	200
Asia	50	15	35	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	10	10	0	13,500	6,155	7,345
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	0	0	0	410	180	230
Iraq	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	0	0	0	110	50	60
Israel	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	0	0	0	290	140	150
Lebanon	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	0	0	0	300	180	120
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	0	0	0	260	120	135
Turkey	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	0	0	0	145	80	60
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	0	0	0	1,530	715	810
Taiwan	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	0	0	0	75	25	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	0	0	0	80	30	45
Japan	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	0	0	0	180	20	160
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	0	0	0	945	320	620
Philippines	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	0	0	0	2,835	1,045	1,790
Viet Nam	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	0	0	0	195	70	125
Bangladesh	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	0	0	0	225	90	130
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	0	0	0	175	90	90
India	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	0	0	0	4,860	2,620	2,235
Pakistan	10	0	10	75,155	35,055	40,100	0	0	0	340	155	185
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	0	0	0	560	215	345
Oceania	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	0	0	0	735	380	360
Australia	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	0	0	0	600	285	315
New Zealand	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	0	0	0	140	95	45
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	570	255	315	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	590	300	290	819,315	395,805	423,510
In the labour force	385	185	200	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	350	200	145	487,260	249,805	237,455
Employed	320	150	170	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	300	160	140	425,190	218,955	206,235
Unemployed	65	35	35	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	50	40	10	62,070	30,845	31,225
Not in the labour force	185	70	120	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	240	100	140	332,055	146,005	186,050
Participation rate	67.5	72.5	63.5	63.7	67.7	59.8	59.3	66.7	50.0	59.5	63.1	56.1
Employment rate	56.1	58.8	54.0	57.1	60.9	53.4	50.8	53.3	48.3	51.9	55.3	48.7
Unemployment rate	16.9	18.9	17.5	10.3	9.9	10.7	14.3	20.0	6.9	12.7	12.3	13.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	570	250	315	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	590	300	290	819,315	395,805	423,510
Did not work¹⁸⁶	210	70	135	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	250	100	150	323,335	143,255	180,080
Worked	360	180	180	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	340	200	140	495,980	252,555	243,430
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	140	70	70	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	180	110	70	260,795	139,605	121,190
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	220	110	110	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	155	90	70	235,185	112,945	122,240
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.8	37.0	38.6	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.3	41.4	41.2	40.7	40.9	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	380	185	195	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	350	195	150	487,260	249,805	237,455
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	15	15	0	10,965	5,685	5,285
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	375	180	195	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	335	185	150	476,290	244,120	232,175
Employee	330	145	185	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	305	165	140	421,080	210,355	210,730
Permanent position	275	125	150	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	280	145	140	337,140	168,845	168,295
Temporary position	55	25	35	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	25	20	0	83,945	41,510	42,435
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	0	15	867,740	386,965	480,775	10	0	0	22,645	9,880	12,770
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	15	20	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	15	15	0	61,295	31,630	29,665
Self-employed¹⁹²	40	35	10	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	30	20	10	55,210	33,765	21,450
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	380	185	195	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	350	195	150	487,260	249,805	237,455
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	15	15	0	10,965	5,685	5,285
All occupations¹⁹¹	375	180	195	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	335	185	150	476,290	244,120	232,175
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	0	0	0	5,065	3,155	1,915
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	65	25	40	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	50	10	40	73,305	21,325	51,980
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	10	0	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	20	20	0	32,455	24,710	7,745
3 Health occupations	30	0	25	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	15	0	15	45,420	7,935	37,485
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	30	10	15	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	25	0	20	66,135	23,980	42,150
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	596,785	275,420	321,360	0	0	0	13,070	5,820	7,250
6 Sales and service occupations	135	60	80	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	135	60	75	123,130	53,525	69,605
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	60	45	20	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	80	80	0	80,775	74,590	6,190
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	0	0	0	17,745	14,730	3,015
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	25	25	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	10	10	0	19,200	14,355	4,845
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	380	185	195	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	350	195	150	487,260	249,805	237,455
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	15	15	0	10,965	5,685	5,285
All industries¹⁹¹	375	180	195	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	335	185	150	476,290	244,120	232,175
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	0	0	0	17,880	13,890	3,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	0	0	0	3,065	2,730	335
22 Utilities	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	0	0	0	3,655	2,685	970
23 Construction	10	10	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	15	15	0	35,720	31,760	3,960
31-33 Manufacturing	45	30	15	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	20	20	0	31,210	22,855	8,355
41 Wholesale trade	20	10	10	610,295	406,960	203,335	25	20	0	11,400	8,170	3,230
44-45 Retail trade	40	20	25	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	50	15	30	58,985	26,950	32,040
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	45	30	15	981,030	742,515	238,515	35	30	0	19,930	15,510	4,420
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	400,460	237,940	162,520	0	0	0	8,260	4,695	3,565
52 Finance and insurance	15	0	10	815,225	358,145	457,080	0	0	0	16,490	6,485	10,000
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	10	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	10	0	0	6,570	3,490	3,080
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	15	15	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	25	10	10	31,400	17,375	14,025
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	0	0	0	655	280	370
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	0	15	792,600	457,880	334,725	35	25	0	21,530	12,935	8,600
61 Educational services	15	0	10	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	30	0	25	38,425	11,695	26,730
62 Health care and social assistance	60	10	50	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	35	0	30	70,595	12,720	57,875
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	15	0	10	9,045	4,445	4,600
72 Accommodation and food services	35	15	20	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	40	15	20	30,010	12,680	17,330
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	797,935	373,775	424,165	20	0	10	19,395	9,340	10,060
91 Public administration	20	10	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	0	0	0	42,070	23,425	18,635
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	395	190	205	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	400	210	185	530,410	270,085	260,325
English	80	45	35	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	105	50	50	506,775	259,550	247,230
French	105	35	65	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	120	75	45	3,405	1,290	2,115
Non-official language	30	15	10	169,205	89,515	79,685	15	10	0	1,180	645	540
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	0	0	0	310	170	140
Non-Indigenous	30	15	10	162,265	85,925	76,345	15	10	0	870	475	395
English and French	155	75	75	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	155	65	90	13,145	5,475	7,670
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	570,220	291,000	279,220	10	10	0	5,605	2,990	2,610
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	0	0	0	270	120	155
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	0	0	0	20	10	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	395	190	205	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	400	210	185	530,410	270,085	260,325
Single responses	350	175	175	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	340	190	150	527,715	268,845	258,865
Official languages	305	150	155	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	325	175	145	525,370	267,545	257,825
English	125	75	50	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	155	90	70	519,550	265,385	254,165
French	175	75	100	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	170	90	80	5,825	2,165	3,660
Non-official languages	40	20	20	310,455	161,825	148,635	15	10	0	2,340	1,295	1,045
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	0	0	0	675	345	330
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0	0	0	675	345	330
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0	670	340	330
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0	670	340	330
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	20	291,025	152,095	138,925	15	10	0	1,670	955	710
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	0	0	0	125	105	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	415	185	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	365	155	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	0	0	0	125	105	25
Amharic	0	0	0	215	95	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	0	0	0	115	90	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	585	240	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	0	0	0	50	15	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	495	215	285	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	0	0	0	50	15	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	0	0	0	35	25	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	0	0	0	25	25	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	250	140	110	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10	112,395	64,055	48,335	15	10	0	680	355	330
Albanian	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0	0	0	25	15	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0	0	0	25	15	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0	0	0	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	835	485	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	120	80	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	555	310	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	25	0	20
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	25	0	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	0	0	0	330	155	180
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	0	0	0	265	120	150
German	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	0	0	0	265	120	145
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	0	0	0	55	25	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	965	515	440	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	0	0	0	50	20	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	875	445	430	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	10	55,455	32,965	22,490	0	0	0	120	75	45
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0	10	48,020	28,910	19,100	0	0	0	100	60	40
Bengali	0	0	0	645	290	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	275	125	145	0	0	0	35	25	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	0	10	40,840	25,480	15,365	0	0	0	40	20	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	0	0	0	15	10	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	445	360	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	595	400	195	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	15	10	0	165	105	65
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0	0	0	45	15	30
Romanian	0	0	0	680	375	310	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	15	10	0	120	85	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	0	0	0	10	10	0
Korean	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	0	0	0	75	45	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	410	210	200	0	0	0	30	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	150	95	55	0	0	0	25	10	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	0	0	0	65	25	45
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	0	0	0	55	20	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0	15	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	128,375	64,180	64,190	0	0	0	550	340	215
Chinese languages	25	10	10	128,045	63,990	64,055	0	0	0	550	340	215
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	0	0	0	440	280	165
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	50,950	25,725	25,225	0	0	0	90	50	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	460	240	220	0	0	0	20	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	295	175	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	40	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	765	310	450	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	0	0	0	15	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	0	0	0	15	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	485	215	270	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	20	30	453,880	231,205	222,675	60	20	35	2,700	1,240	1,460
English and French	45	15	30	321,975	163,305	158,675	60	20	35	1,650	680	970
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	0	0	0	1,030	555	475
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	395	190	205	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	400	210	185	530,410	270,085	260,325
None	260	120	145	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	295	155	135	513,950	262,660	251,290
English	80	45	35	902,625	474,755	427,875	45	15	30	3,510	1,480	2,035
French	45	20	20	589,755	288,955	300,800	45	30	15	9,110	3,940	5,170
Non-official language	10	0	0	331,375	168,035	163,335	10	10	0	3,290	1,715	1,575
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	0	0	0	655	275	375
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	313,185	160,295	152,885	10	10	0	2,635	1,440	1,200
English and French	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0	0	0	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	0	0	0	40	20	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	0	0	0	225	95	130
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	360	210	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	0	0	0	270	160	115
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	320	150	165	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	300	160	140	425,195	218,955	206,235
Worked at home	60	35	25	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	25	10	15	88,135	39,780	48,360
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	0	0	0	1,040	810	235
No fixed workplace address	15	15	0	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	30	20	0	57,310	44,135	13,175
Usual place of work	240	100	140	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	250	125	120	278,705	134,235	144,470
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	235	100	135	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	250	130	120	278,705	134,230	144,475
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	200	70	130	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	210	115	95	201,500	96,490	105,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	25	20	0	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	15	0	10	47,015	20,630	26,385
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10	10	0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	25	15	10	25,755	14,375	11,380
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	0	0	0	4,435	2,735	1,700
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	255	115	140	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	275	150	125	336,015	178,365	157,645
Car, truck or van	165	100	70	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	170	95	70	293,665	157,980	135,690
Car, truck or van - as a driver	160	100	60	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	155	95	70	267,755	146,570	121,185
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	844,155	343,100	501,050	0	0	0	25,910	11,410	14,505
Public transit	80	15	65	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	70	40	35	13,895	6,205	7,695
Walked	10	0	10	672,815	296,610	376,205	35	15	15	18,975	8,950	10,025
Bicycle	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415	0	0	0	1,605	1,160	445
Other method	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	0	0	0	7,870	4,075	3,795
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	255	115	140	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	275	150	125	336,015	178,365	157,645
Less than 15 minutes	65	20	45	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	60	25	35	128,935	62,025	66,915
15 to 29 minutes	90	50	40	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	120	60	55	123,315	65,805	57,510
30 to 44 minutes	60	30	30	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	50	30	20	51,690	29,915	21,775
45 to 59 minutes	20	15	0	910,610	542,485	368,125	15	15	0	15,840	9,320	6,525
60 minutes and over	25	0	25	926,120	599,115	327,005	25	15	0	16,230	11,310	4,920
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	255	115	140	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	275	150	125	336,015	178,365	157,645
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	0	15	938,820	701,960	236,865	20	15	0	21,490	15,255	6,230
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	65	40	30	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	55	45	10	65,525	39,600	25,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	65	15	50	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	45	15	30	98,970	52,175	46,805
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	35	15	20	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	55	25	30	70,820	30,385	40,430
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15	10	0	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	25	10	15	33,295	14,565	18,730
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	60	40	20	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	80	40	40	45,920	26,390	19,525
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	145	85	65	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	155	80	80	168,465	86,570	81,895
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	25	30	897,205	456,120	441,085	75	35	40	16,800	8,370	8,425
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	55	40	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	80	45	40	151,660	78,195	73,465
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	105	55	50	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	105	50	50	124,910	64,325	60,590
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	20	682,190	346,420	335,770	45	20	25	12,745	6,365	6,385
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	30	20	15	467,685	234,475	233,215	40	20	20	8,070	3,915	4,155
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	214,500	111,950	102,550	5	0	5	4,680	2,450	2,230
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	35	30	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	60	30	30	112,165	57,965	54,200

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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