Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660750More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24662079More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	625	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	688	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	280	...	...	976,966	...	...	343	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	254	...	...	910,359	...	...	320	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8,716.9	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	11,043.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.07	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.06	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	625	290	330	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	690	315	375
0 to 14 years	115	55	60	309,765	158,545	151,225	90	40	55
0 to 4 years	25	15	15	99,195	50,760	48,435	30	20	15
5 to 9 years	40	15	25	106,985	54,660	52,320	25	10	20
10 to 14 years	45	20	20	103,590	53,120	50,470	35	15	25
15 to 64 years	410	195	215	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	495	230	270
15 to 19 years	45	25	20	97,525	49,340	48,180	40	15	25
20 to 24 years	45	25	25	140,025	70,895	69,125	45	20	25
25 to 29 years	25	10	10	165,525	83,630	81,895	65	30	35
30 to 34 years	35	15	20	157,725	78,995	78,730	45	30	20
35 to 39 years	45	20	20	149,265	74,115	75,155	50	25	25
40 to 44 years	50	25	25	142,365	70,920	71,445	45	20	25
45 to 49 years	55	25	30	125,505	62,690	62,815	40	15	25
50 to 54 years	45	20	25	121,710	61,735	59,975	40	20	25
55 to 59 years	25	15	15	125,465	63,810	61,655	75	30	45
60 to 64 years	30	15	20	118,065	57,920	60,140	45	25	20
65 years and over	105	45	55	351,325	151,210	200,120	100	50	55
65 to 69 years	30	15	15	99,325	46,730	52,595	40	20	20
70 to 74 years	25	10	15	86,030	39,185	46,845	25	10	15
75 to 79 years	15	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	15	10	10
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	46,875	18,960	27,915	10	5	5
85 years and over	20	10	10	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	5	5
85 to 89 years	5	5	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	10	5	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.4	19.0	18.2	15.5	16.1	14.8	13.0	12.7	14.7
15 to 64 years	65.6	67.2	65.2	67.0	68.5	65.6	71.7	73.0	72.0
65 years and over	16.8	15.5	16.7	17.5	15.4	19.6	14.5	15.9	14.7
85 years and over	3.2	3.4	3.0	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.7	1.6	1.3
Average age of the population	40.1	39.4	40.7	41.0	39.8	42.1	41.1	41.2	41.1
Median age of the population	40.4	39.6	41.6	39.6	38.4	40.4	40.4	39.6	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	255	...	...	910,360	...	...	320	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	5	...	...
Semi-detached house	45	...	...	32,530	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	85	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	125	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	75	...	...	479,885	...	...	230	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	250	...	...	910,355	...	...	320	...	...
1 person	75	...	...	367,400	...	...	125	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	271,730	...	...	90	...	...
3 persons	45	...	...	118,205	...	...	60	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	98,205	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	54,820	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	625	290	330	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	685	315	375
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	515	240	270	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	595	275	325
Married or living common-law	255	125	135	822,440	414,330	408,115	310	155	150
Married	210	100	110	577,060	289,455	287,600	185	95	90
Living common-law	50	25	25	245,385	124,870	120,510	125	60	65
Living common law - Never married	40	20	20	207,040	104,785	102,250	105	55	55
Living common law - Separated	5	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	5	5	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	15	10	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	255	120	140	872,060	410,935	461,125	290	120	170
Not married and not living common law - Never married	170	85	85	627,845	333,150	294,700	220	100	115
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	15	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	40	20	25	126,605	46,380	80,225	45	15	30
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	5	20	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	0	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	170	...	...	495,445	...	...	185	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	251,075	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	45	...	...	107,265	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	93,300	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	175	...	...	495,445	...	...	185	...	...
Total couple families	120	...	...	395,645	...	...	145	...	...
Married couples	100	...	...	273,070	...	...	85	...	...
With children⁶	70	...	...	162,745	...	...	55	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	110,325	...	...	35	...	...
Common-law couples	20	...	...	122,570	...	...	65	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	44,875	...	...	35	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	77,700	...	...	30	...	...
Total one-parent families	50	...	...	99,805	...	...	35	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	35	...	...	80,530	...	...	30	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	15	...	...	19,275	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	625	290	330	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	685	315	375
Total - Persons in census families	505	245	265	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	515	245	275
Married spouses or common-law partners	240	120	120	791,280	398,495	392,785	295	155	145
Parents in one-parent families	55	15	40	99,805	19,275	80,525	35	5	30
Children⁶	215	110	105	541,905	284,935	256,965	185	85	95
In a two-parent family	145	70	80	392,250	205,155	187,095	135	70	70
In a one-parent family	65	40	30	149,655	79,785	69,865	45	15	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	120	45	70	526,370	262,915	263,450	170	70	100
Living alone	80	30	50	367,395	175,660	191,740	125	45	80
Living with other relatives⁷	20	10	10	49,280	22,020	27,255	20	10	10
Living with non-relatives only	20	10	10	109,690	65,235	44,455	20	15	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	255	...	...	910,360	...	...	320	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	145	...	...	455,970	...	...	165	...	...
Couple-family households	110	...	...	370,250	...	...	135	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...	194,165	...	...	80	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	176,085	...	...	55	...	...
One-parent-family households	35	...	...	85,720	...	...	30	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	55,210	...	...	15	...	...
One-person households	75	...	...	367,395	...	...	125	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	510	240	270	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	600	275	325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	485	225	260	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	570	260	305
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	36,800	37,200	37,600	39,600	36,000	36,400	43,200	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	485	225	260	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	570	260	305
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	32,000	34,400	34,000	35,200	32,800	33,600	36,400	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	435	200	235	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	485	225	260
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,400	34,000	24,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	32,000	41,200	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	355	165	190	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	415	195	220
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	36,000	25,400	32,800	36,000	29,600	35,200	42,800	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	420	190	230	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	490	210	275
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	8,000	12,100	10,800	9,600	12,000	9,600	8,300	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40	15	25	171,705	84,570	87,145	60	30	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,720	x	4,680	5,520	5,480	5,680	6,000	6,000	6,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	165	80	85	529,640	276,110	253,530	200	85	115
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	510	245	270	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	625	305	325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	495	235	255	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	595	285	300
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	44,000	40,800	53,250	60,050	46,760	51,400	58,800	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	495	235	255	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	595	285	300
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	36,800	35,200	42,520	46,280	38,960	42,200	47,200	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	210	235	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	510	265	245
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,400	32,800	48,960	57,350	40,640	48,600	55,600	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	355	165	190	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	440	230	210
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,600	32,800	48,760	55,650	41,480	49,400	54,400	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	425	185	240	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	485	220	265
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,040	10,500	11,400	12,040	10,900	13,040	11,920	11,300	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35	0	25	171,360	84,435	86,925	75	35	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,400	...	4,400	6,840	6,065	7,590	8,800	8,500	9,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	175	80	95	528,305	276,300	252,005	220	110	110
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,400	7,800	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,500	8,800	10,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	515	245	270	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	625	305	325
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	135	70	65	514,340	278,505	235,830	220	130	90
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	78,000	52,800	60,000	63,600	56,000	65,000	67,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,000	80,000	60,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	70,000	77,000	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	165	85	80	504,455	247,565	256,895	180	80	95
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,700	15,700	13,700	16,400	17,400	15,500	15,000	27,000	12,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	18,800	23,600	26,920	29,400	24,520	31,600	27,200	35,500
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.5	82.0	74.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	81.0	86.0	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.0	72.0	60.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	71.0	73.0	70.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.4	18.4	26.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	19.0	14.6	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	x	0.9	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.0	1.6	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.6	7.3	8.0	6.4	5.9	7.0	7.5	6.0	9.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.8	6.6	7.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	6.8	5.6	8.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	515	240	270	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	595	275	325
Without total income	25	10	15	65,020	32,205	32,820	30	15	15
With total income	490	230	260	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	565	260	305
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	20	30	138,250	65,670	72,580	50	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	70	35	35	200,450	93,060	107,390	85	40	40
$20,000 to $29,999	70	35	40	286,825	131,235	155,595	100	35	60
$30,000 to $39,999	80	40	35	215,455	102,705	112,755	70	25	40
$40,000 to $49,999	50	20	30	181,505	86,460	95,040	60	30	30
$50,000 to $59,999	50	20	30	138,185	64,805	73,380	50	25	25
$60,000 to $69,999	30	10	20	100,060	48,510	51,550	35	25	10
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	40	20	20
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	30	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	15	10	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	15	5	10
$100,000 and over	30	20	15	149,555	92,680	56,875	40	25	15
$100,000 to $149,999	25	10	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	35	15	15
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	10	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	515	240	270	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	595	275	325
Without after-tax income	25	10	15	64,605	32,005	32,605	30	15	15
With after-tax income	490	230	260	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	565	260	305
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	20	30	144,275	67,955	76,320	50	20	35
$10,000 to $19,999	70	35	40	210,975	98,495	112,480	90	45	50
$20,000 to $29,999	90	40	50	334,395	155,845	178,545	120	40	75
$30,000 to $39,999	90	45	40	257,145	124,835	132,315	75	35	35
$40,000 to $49,999	55	20	35	204,980	97,805	107,175	80	45	40
$50,000 to $59,999	45	20	30	139,760	67,315	72,450	55	35	20
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	10	93,705	46,700	47,005	40	10	30
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	25	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	15	10	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	5	5	5
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	73,695	48,025	25,665	15	10	5
$100,000 to $124,999	10	10	5	33,165	20,265	12,905	10	5	5
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	5	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	515	240	270	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	595	275	325
Without employment income	160	75	85	495,060	212,405	282,660	180	75	100
With employment income	350	170	185	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	420	200	220
Under $5,000 (including loss)	55	20	30	167,560	82,405	85,155	50	20	30
$5,000 to $9,999	35	15	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	45	15	25
$10,000 to $19,999	50	25	30	151,350	72,815	78,530	55	20	35
$20,000 to $29,999	40	20	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	45	20	25
$30,000 to $39,999	30	10	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	25	10	10
$40,000 to $49,999	30	20	15	104,250	51,950	52,300	30	15	15
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	20	84,485	42,940	41,540	40	20	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	66,190	35,045	31,145	30	20	15
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	10	52,585	28,500	24,080	30	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	25	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	31,345	18,120	13,230	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	25	15	15	115,575	74,545	41,030	30	20	10
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	10	47,525	28,870	18,655	20	10	5
$125,000 and over	15	5	5	68,050	45,675	22,375	15	10	5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	510	240	270	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	600	275	325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	220	245	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	560	255	305
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	32,800	32,800	34,000	36,400	31,800	33,600	39,200	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	465	220	245	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	560	255	305
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	30,400	31,000	31,000	32,800	29,400	30,800	33,600	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	425	200	225	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	480	225	260
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	30,600	26,000	32,000	36,000	28,200	33,600	38,800	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	345	165	180	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	420	195	225
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	32,800	28,800	33,600	36,800	30,400	36,400	42,000	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	375	165	205	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	430	185	245
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	4,080	8,500	4,440	2,760	7,300	4,280	2,740	5,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	35	15	25	114,940	56,080	58,855	40	20	15
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	x	5,120	5,120	4,600	5,760	5,960	5,200	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	510	245	270	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	625	305	325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	475	230	250	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	575	275	300
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	44,800	40,400	50,000	57,050	43,280	48,000	57,200	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	475	230	250	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	575	275	300
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,400	36,400	34,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	39,600	45,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	445	215	235	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	500	245	255
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,600	43,200	34,400	49,080	57,750	40,560	48,800	60,000	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	345	165	180	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	440	220	225
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	49,600	36,400	48,720	55,750	41,240	50,400	62,000	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	165	215	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	400	170	230
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,200	8,600	8,250	6,740	9,510	8,000	6,800	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25	0	15	114,595	55,675	58,915	60	30	25
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,000	...	12,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	9,200	8,000	11,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	515	245	270	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	625	305	325
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	135	70	65	507,645	274,575	233,070	220	125	90
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	71,500	56,800	54,400	58,400	50,400	58,400	65,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,000	80,000	56,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	72,000	82,000	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	160	90	75	462,020	227,495	234,530	175	75	95
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	13,800	12,400	25,200	21,800	23,200	20,400	24,600	31,400	18,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	26,800	36,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	34,800	38,000	32,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.0	82.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	88.0	92.0	82.0
Employment income (%)	72.5	79.0	66.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	81.0	84.0	76.0
Government transfers (%)	14.9	11.6	18.4	12.8	8.6	18.2	11.6	7.4	17.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	x	2.0	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.9	1.4	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	250	...	...	910,355	...	...	320	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	58,000	...	...	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	75	...	...	367,395	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...	38,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,200	...	...	34,000	...	...	31,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	175	...	...	542,960	...	...	195	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	90,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	74,100	...	...	74,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	367,255	...	...	115	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	50,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	41,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	180	...	...	543,100	...	...	225	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	250	...	...	910,355	...	...	320	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	18,165	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	25,730	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	57,720	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	40,595	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	41,545	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	75,485	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	67,695	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	60,495	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	54,055	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	45,830	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	90	...	...	270,265	...	...	100	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	85,635	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	30	...	...	56,205	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	62,095	...	...	20	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	250	...	...	910,355	...	...	320	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	19,710	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	27,485	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	63,030	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	48,815	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	51,055	...	...	10	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	50,890	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	47,120	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	85,490	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	75,625	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	65,530	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	45,065	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	197,490	...	...	75	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	78,870	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	45,905	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	72,715	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	170	...	...	501,830	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	179,195	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	85	...	...	208,260	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	45	...	...	95,875	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	55,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	100	40	60	477,085	240,895	236,195	150	60	85
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	27,800	31,000	34,400	34,800	34,000	30,200	30,800	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,600	26,000	29,200	31,200	31,200	31,200	27,600	27,400	27,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	175	...	...	501,905	...	...	220	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	179,455	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	85	...	...	208,375	...	...	100	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	158,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	124,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	95,455	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	80	40	50	476,520	240,280	236,245	125	50	75
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	28,000	42,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	49,000	52,000	48,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	26,000	35,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	40,000	42,000	39,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	625	295	330	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	690	315	375
0 to 17 years	135	65	75	365,020	186,710	178,315	110	45	70
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	35	20	15
18 to 64 years	380	185	205	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	475	225	255
65 years and over	105	45	55	317,425	140,270	177,155	100	45	55
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	80	40	40	321,885	154,370	167,510	110	45	70
0 to 17 years	10	10	5	54,265	27,870	26,395	15	5	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	50	20	30	197,020	99,310	97,710	70	30	50
65 years and over	15	5	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	30	15	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	13.0	12.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	16.4	13.6	18.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	10.0	5.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	10.0	10.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	12.8	13.0	13.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	15.2	12.0	18.0
65 years and over (%)	18.0	20.0	18.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	28.0	24.0	32.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	625	295	330	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	685	315	375
0 to 17 years	140	65	75	365,025	186,705	178,315	115	45	65
0 to 5 years	35	15	20	120,610	61,615	58,995	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	385	180	200	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	475	220	255
65 years and over	100	50	55	317,425	140,265	177,155	100	45	55
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	50	25	25	213,720	108,905	104,815	65	25	40
0 to 17 years	10	0	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	35	15	20	153,385	81,765	71,620	50	20	30
65 years and over	5	5	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.6	8.0	7.6	10.9	11.3	10.6	10.0	9.0	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.0	10.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	10.8	9.5	12.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	8.0	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	14.0	10.0	16.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	625	290	330	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	685	315	375
In bottom half of the distribution	360	170	190	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	370	165	210
In bottom decile	65	30	30	298,540	147,890	150,655	95	45	55
In second decile	90	45	45	244,435	115,985	128,450	85	30	55
In third decile	55	30	25	240,895	116,550	124,345	50	25	25
In fourth decile	60	25	35	218,125	105,885	112,240	70	30	40
In fifth decile	90	40	50	194,765	95,185	99,580	70	35	35
In top half of the distribution	265	125	140	762,590	384,140	378,450	315	150	160
In sixth decile	75	35	40	172,200	85,100	87,095	75	40	40
In seventh decile	70	35	35	156,540	78,290	78,250	75	35	40
In eighth decile	60	25	35	144,120	72,600	71,525	85	40	40
In ninth decile	55	20	25	134,265	68,285	65,980	50	25	30
In top decile	10	10	5	155,465	79,870	75,595	30	15	15
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	625	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	685	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.445	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.249	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	625	295	335	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	685	315	375
English only	165	80	90	262,290	133,690	128,600	40	20	15
French only	35	15	20	486,845	221,005	265,840	230	95	135
English and French	415	200	210	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	395	185	210
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	30	10	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	625	295	335	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	685	315	375
English	370	175	195	605,220	303,380	301,835	70	30	35
French	145	70	80	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	525	235	290
English and French	100	40	50	173,785	88,480	85,300	70	35	30
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	25	5	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	625	295	335	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	685	315	375
Single responses	570	265	305	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	660	300	365
Official languages	315	155	160	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	425	190	235
English	210	105	100	322,315	162,085	160,230	15	5	10
French	105	50	55	870,975	428,435	442,540	410	185	225
Non-official languages	260	115	145	643,275	311,525	331,750	235	105	130
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	260	115	145	642,820	311,370	331,445	235	105	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	129,195	68,395	60,805	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	10	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	10	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	112,200	59,320	52,880	25	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	15	107,605	56,960	50,645	25	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	5	0	5
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	10	25	18,505	7,175	11,330	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	5	5	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	5	0	5
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	5	0	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	13,620	7,090	6,525	5	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	5	5	5	10,370	5,155	5,215	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	110	55	55	329,415	158,980	170,435	65	25	40
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	5	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	5	5	0
Russian	5	0	5	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	5	0	5	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	5	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	5	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	35	183,755	87,295	96,460	45	20	25
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	15	63,560	29,680	33,880	10	5	0
Portuguese	5	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	15	10	10
Romanian	5	5	5	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	25	15	15	85,395	41,150	44,250	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	10	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	57,075	26,030	31,035	75	35	40
Chinese languages	35	15	20	56,890	25,955	30,935	75	35	40
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	10	15	37,985	17,270	20,715	40	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	35	20	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	25	30	143,450	71,980	71,470	25	15	10
English and French	20	10	15	42,695	21,750	20,940	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	10	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	625	295	335	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	685	315	375
English	215	105	110	340,470	170,050	170,425	15	10	10
French	85	40	45	779,125	383,000	396,125	400	175	225
Non-official language	75	35	35	204,395	96,705	107,690	100	45	55
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	75	35	35	204,315	96,670	107,645	100	45	55
English and French	60	25	35	173,135	89,205	83,935	45	20	25
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	135,390	66,995	68,400	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	180,900	85,935	94,965	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	154,470	76,450	78,020	50	30	25
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	15	12,130	5,690	6,435	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	625	295	335	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	685	315	375
Single responses	555	270	290	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	655	295	355
Official languages	405	195	210	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	495	220	280
English	300	145	155	479,850	239,270	240,580	35	15	20
French	105	55	55	956,130	471,155	484,975	460	205	255
Non-official languages	155	75	80	370,290	177,955	192,335	155	75	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	75	80	370,125	177,895	192,235	155	75	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	10	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	5	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	35	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	5	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	30	25	188,550	90,370	98,185	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	5	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	5	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5	0	5	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	95,835	44,515	51,315	20	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	5	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	54,335	26,035	28,300	10	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	20	5	10	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	43,570	20,275	23,295	60	35	30
Chinese languages	35	15	20	43,475	20,230	23,240	60	35	30
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15	30,855	14,425	16,430	30	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	30	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	25	40	173,745	85,640	88,110	40	20	20
English and French	25	10	20	53,305	27,065	26,240	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	39,365	19,140	20,225	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	57,355	27,790	29,565	15	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	625	290	330	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	685	315	375
None	425	195	225	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	550	250	305
English	50	30	25	131,630	67,290	64,340	35	20	20
French	40	20	20	126,780	62,180	64,600	25	10	20
Non-official language	60	25	35	144,335	69,210	75,130	40	15	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	25	35	144,155	69,135	75,015	40	15	20
English and French	15	10	10	34,410	17,320	17,090	15	15	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	620	295	320	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	750	370	380
Official languages	610	295	320	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	725	370	360
English	600	285	310	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	455	225	225
French	420	190	230	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	700	350	350
Non-official languages	315	150	165	971,455	471,755	499,700	345	160	180
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	315	150	165	970,710	471,495	499,220	345	160	180
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	217,295	113,605	103,690	70	45	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	10	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	10	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	0	15	205,120	107,210	97,905	60	40	25
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	60	30	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	0	15	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	70	35	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	65	25	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	25	35	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	20	15	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	25	35	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	20	10	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	20	10	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	20	10	10	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	140	75	65	514,485	250,190	264,295	135	60	75
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	50,700	23,530	27,165	15	10	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	50,190	23,320	26,870	15	10	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	15	10	0
Russian	15	0	10	29,515	13,855	15,655	10	10	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	0	10	35,095	17,750	17,345	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	20	0	10	31,565	16,090	15,470	10	10	0
German	20	0	10	21,270	10,840	10,435	10	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	40	20	20	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	40	45	324,695	154,360	170,340	115	50	70
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	55	30	20	107,285	51,300	55,985	30	20	15
Portuguese	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	25	0	15
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	40	10	25	193,835	91,345	102,490	65	30	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	30	20	10	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	20	0	15	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	20	68,485	31,760	36,720	40	25	20
Chinese languages	40	25	20	68,285	31,685	36,595	40	25	20
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	25	15	51,885	23,845	28,040	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	25	20	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	620	300	325	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	755	370	380
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	620	300	325	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	755	370	380
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	620	300	325	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	755	370	380
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	620	300	325	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	755	370	380
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Owner	150	...	...	360,125	...	...	185	...	...
Renter	95	...	...	550,240	...	...	155	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Condominium	25	...	...	192,985	...	...	85	...	...
Not condominium	225	...	...	717,375	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	25	...	...	267,715	...	...	75	...	...
2 bedrooms	65	...	...	303,875	...	...	145	...	...
3 bedrooms	130	...	...	220,945	...	...	80	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20	...	...	98,090	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	55	...	...	501,570	...	...	155	...	...
5 rooms	85	...	...	166,230	...	...	60	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	78,495	...	...	65	...	...
7 rooms	35	...	...	58,850	...	...	30	...	...
8 or more rooms	35	...	...	105,210	...	...	30	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
One person or fewer per room	240	...	...	881,730	...	...	330	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Suitable	230	...	...	834,885	...	...	315	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	75,475	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
1960 or before	200	...	...	325,005	...	...	155	...	...
1961 to 1980	20	...	...	282,605	...	...	75	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	101,185	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	63,765	...	...	65	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	215	...	...	833,540	...	...	285	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	76,815	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
One-maintainer household	130	...	...	543,605	...	...	210	...	...
Two-maintainer household	95	...	...	333,140	...	...	105	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	33,620	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	162,375	...	...	30	...	...
35 to 44 years	40	...	...	171,535	...	...	80	...	...
45 to 54 years	75	...	...	155,520	...	...	80	...	...
55 to 64 years	50	...	...	156,865	...	...	75	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	122,825	...	...	50	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	70,345	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	245	...	...	902,485	...	...	335	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	686,075	...	...	250	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	95	...	...	216,410	...	...	85	...	...
30% to less than 100%	90	...	...	189,795	...	...	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	245	...	...	910,360	...	...	335	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	330,635	...	...	120	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	80	...	...	186,350	...	...	55	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	56,480	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	50,745	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	18,075	...	...	25	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	120	...	...	579,720	...	...	215	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	240	...	...	875,865	...	...	335	...	...
In core need	50	...	...	87,945	...	...	50	...	...
Not in core need	190	...	...	787,925	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	145	...	...	360,120	...	...	180	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.2	...	...	60.0	...	...	63.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.6	...	...	17.4	...	...	19.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.3	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,420	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,600	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	576,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	95	...	...	550,235	...	...	155	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	57.9	...	...	28.4	...	...	32.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	31.6	...	...	14.6	...	...	25.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	890	...	...	745	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	987	...	...	840	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	615	295	325	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	755	375	380
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15	10	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	10	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15	10	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	10	0	10
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	605	285	315	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	735	365	365
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	620	295	320	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	750	370	380
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	470	225	245	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	685	335	350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	100	45	55	322,965	164,980	157,985	150	70	80
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	365	175	195	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	530	265	270
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	150	75	75	313,410	160,530	152,885	70	35	35
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	620	295	320	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	750	370	380
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	335	165	175	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	490	240	250
Immigrants⁸¹	220	105	115	652,730	313,955	338,770	250	120	125
Before 1980	60	30	30	108,265	50,530	57,735	45	20	30
1980 to 1990	20	10	10	69,695	34,150	35,545	50	25	25
1991 to 2000	35	20	15	106,810	50,520	56,290	45	20	25
2001 to 2010	55	15	35	154,780	74,520	80,255	70	35	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	60	30	25	213,175	104,225	108,950	35	30	10
2011 to 2015	20	15	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	15	15	0
2016 to 2021	35	20	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	20	20	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	60	30	35	138,240	75,380	62,860	10	10	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	220	105	110	652,725	313,955	338,770	250	120	125
Under 5 years	15	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	25	15	10
5 to 14 years	40	20	20	103,285	51,965	51,320	35	25	15
15 to 24 years	60	30	35	118,475	53,035	65,440	15	0	15
25 to 44 years	95	50	45	326,320	158,620	167,700	160	70	90
45 years and over	15	0	10	51,660	23,520	28,140	15	10	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	220	105	110	652,725	313,955	338,770	250	120	125
Americas	15	10	0	137,955	63,465	74,485	30	15	20
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	10	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	10	0	10
Europe	65	35	30	158,795	76,610	82,190	80	40	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	30	20	10
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	25	20	10	32,485	15,325	17,165	10	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	15	0	15
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	152,205	77,515	74,690	50	30	25
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	25	15	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	10	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	15	0	10
Asia	130	55	75	202,715	95,775	106,935	90	40	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	25	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	65	25	35	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	50	20	30
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	25,115	11,780	13,335	10	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	35	20	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	20	20	0
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	15	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	15	10	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	25	20	10	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	620	295	325	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	750	370	380
First generation¹⁰⁰	295	135	155	813,905	400,325	413,580	265	135	135
Second generation¹⁰¹	155	80	70	424,225	212,755	211,475	140	60	75
Third generation or more¹⁰²	175	80	90	721,230	352,590	368,630	345	175	170
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	160	75	85	544,455	263,425	281,040	200	100	100
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	100	45	60	303,105	155,090	148,020	110	70	40
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	15	25	151,015	87,200	63,815	55	45	10
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	60	30	35	152,090	67,890	84,205	55	25	25
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	45	20	25	146,645	59,645	87,000	80	30	50
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	15	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	15	0	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	160	75	85	544,455	263,425	281,040	200	100	100
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	10	0	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	45	15	25	56,685	26,490	30,195	15	10	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	0	10	13,690	7,070	6,620	10	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	10	15	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	75	40	35	387,815	184,015	203,795	165	80	80
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	620	295	325	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	755	370	380
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	270	125	145	737,510	363,785	373,725	230	110	120
South Asian	15	10	10	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	45	20	25	69,985	32,190	37,795	30	15	15
Black	45	20	15	208,805	101,125	107,680	55	20	30
Filipino	85	35	45	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	45	25	25
Latin American	10	0	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	25	10	15
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	50	20	30
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	20	0	15	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	15	0	10	19,790	9,660	10,125	20	15	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	350	175	180	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	525	260	260
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	620	295	320	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	750	370	380
Canadian	65	30	35	241,015	115,880	125,135	155	85	70
English	35	25	10	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	40	15	25	102,325	48,885	53,440	20	10	10
Scottish	65	40	20	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	80	35	40	336,880	169,710	167,170	140	60	85
German	15	0	10	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	45	25	30	74,630	34,410	40,220	45	30	20
Italian	70	45	30	156,025	76,485	79,535	35	10	25
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	10	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	20	0	15	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	30	15	15	108,910	54,650	54,260	35	20	15
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	90	40	45	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	10	10	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	20	10	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	0	10	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	15	0	10
Russian	20	0	20	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	40	15	25
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	45	20	25	35,975	17,775	18,200	25	10	15
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	0	10	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	10	0	0
Jewish	20	0	20	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	70	25	40
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	20	10	15
Greek	35	20	15	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	15	0	10
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	25	10	15
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	45	30	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	10	10	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	10	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	620	300	325	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	755	370	380
Buddhist	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	40	15	25
Christian	335	160	175	969,945	451,410	518,540	285	125	160
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15	10	10	116,635	55,545	61,090	30	15	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	15	0	10	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	250	120	130	675,695	314,690	361,010	215	85	135
Christian Orthodox	20	10	10	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	10	10	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	10	0	0
Presbyterian	15	10	10	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	25	10	10	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	55	15	40	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	85	40	45
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	15	0	10	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	180	100	75	590,140	310,985	279,165	335	190	145
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	605	290	320	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	745	365	375
Non-movers	515	235	280	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	695	350	350
Movers	90	50	40	255,365	129,500	125,865	50	20	30
Non-migrants	75	45	30	186,805	94,745	92,055	50	20	30
Migrants	10	0	10	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	10	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	595	280	315	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	710	345	370
Non-movers	375	150	230	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	470	215	255
Movers	220	130	90	821,475	413,250	408,230	245	130	115
Non-migrants	115	70	45	433,700	216,030	217,670	170	95	80
Migrants	105	60	45	387,770	197,215	190,560	70	35	35
Internal migrants	30	25	0	190,035	93,955	96,075	35	20	20
Intraprovincial migrants	30	25	0	159,710	78,770	80,940	30	10	20
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	75	35	40	197,735	103,260	94,485	35	20	15
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	515	245	270	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	625	305	325
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	80	50	30	274,820	136,500	138,320	110	45	70
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	430	195	240	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	515	265	255
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	315	135	180	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	445	215	220
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25	20	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	55	25	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	290	115	175	975,700	481,690	494,005	385	195	190
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	510	240	270	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	625	305	320
No certificate, diploma or degree	80	45	30	247,460	120,840	126,625	100	40	60
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	135	75	65	319,755	162,520	157,240	130	70	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	300	125	180	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	390	185	200
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105	60	45	473,060	232,855	240,210	160	70	90
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25	25	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	45	20	25
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	15	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	45	20	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	20	45	260,845	122,345	138,495	80	35	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	66,045	28,760	37,285	35	10	25
Bachelor's degree or higher	200	70	130	609,855	291,355	318,505	230	115	110
Bachelor's degree	115	40	75	344,605	160,320	184,285	130	70	65
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	10	58,945	27,280	31,665	20	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	50	15	35	159,510	78,325	81,190	50	35	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	25	10	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	310	135	180	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	440	220	225
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	15	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	50	20	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55	30	30	162,205	88,420	73,785	65	40	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	240	95	145	831,975	403,420	428,555	330	155	170
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	60	30	25	333,160	167,260	165,895	115	50	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	10	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	30	15	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	30	15	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	40	15	25	174,185	84,745	89,445	55	25	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	30	10	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	180	60	120	498,815	236,155	262,665	215	110	105
Bachelor's degree	105	35	70	276,640	128,890	147,745	115	60	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	10	48,390	21,995	26,395	15	0	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10	0	10	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	50	20	35	137,150	66,720	70,430	50	35	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	20	15	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	510	245	270	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	625	300	320
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	210	120	90	567,220	283,355	283,860	235	115	120
Education	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	10	15
13. Education	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	10	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	10	15	69,210	32,705	36,505	45	25	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	0	15	61,135	27,085	34,045	40	20	15
Humanities	15	0	15	78,920	30,815	48,110	20	10	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	50	10	40	157,220	58,185	99,040	50	10	40
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	15	28,365	11,670	16,690	20	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	21,400	5,075	16,330	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	59,300	29,185	30,110	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	55	25	30	248,895	110,950	137,945	115	60	50
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	25	25	237,125	108,040	129,090	115	60	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	10	10	57,445	29,770	27,670	25	10	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	10	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	10	65,435	46,010	19,420	25	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	15	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	40	10	173,380	143,615	29,765	45	30	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	25	20	10	78,800	61,515	17,290	20	10	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	35	0	30	122,295	30,795	91,495	40	10	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	109,185	24,140	85,045	40	10	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	15	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	0	10
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	15	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	315	135	180	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	445	220	220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	75	45	35	265,025	144,230	120,800	115	65	50
Education	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	10	15
13. Education	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	10	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	15	54,840	26,500	28,340	45	25	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	48,205	21,870	26,335	40	25	15
Humanities	15	0	15	52,565	20,765	31,805	15	10	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	0	40	121,985	44,105	77,880	35	0	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	15	22,425	8,630	13,785	20	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	15	0	15
45. Social sciences	10	0	10	44,580	21,945	22,635	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	50	20	25	199,525	87,920	111,600	100	55	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	20	25	190,410	85,600	104,810	100	55	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	20	10	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	10	53,860	38,275	15,590	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	40	10	137,395	112,025	25,370	35	25	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	25	20	10	66,210	51,090	15,115	20	10	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	0	20	92,595	23,265	69,330	35	15	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	20	82,410	18,370	64,045	35	15	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	315	135	180	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	445	220	220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75	45	35	265,025	144,230	120,800	115	65	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	240	90	145	831,975	403,415	428,560	325	155	170
Location of study inside Canada	160	65	85	598,455	286,340	312,115	255	120	135
Same as province or territory of residence	140	65	75	566,540	270,160	296,380	245	115	130
Different than province or territory of residence	15	0	15	31,915	16,180	15,735	10	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	85	25	60	233,520	117,075	116,445	75	35	40
Americas	0	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	25	15	10
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	20	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	15	10	10
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	65	20	45	65,125	28,945	36,180	30	10	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	13,220	5,865	7,360	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	10	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	30	10	25	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	510	240	270	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	625	305	320
In the labour force	285	150	135	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	400	210	190
Employed	285	150	135	971,245	502,885	468,360	370	200	175
Unemployed	0	0	0	110,395	58,460	51,935	25	10	15
Not in the labour force	225	90	135	568,495	246,215	322,280	225	95	135
Participation rate	55.9	62.5	50.0	65.5	69.5	61.8	64.0	68.9	59.4
Employment rate	55.9	62.5	50.0	58.9	62.3	55.6	59.2	65.6	54.7
Unemployment rate	0.0	0.0	0.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	6.3	4.8	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	510	245	270	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	625	300	320
Did not work¹⁸⁶	205	80	125	582,470	253,075	329,400	210	90	120
Worked	310	165	145	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	415	215	200
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	135	75	60	529,400	287,950	241,450	225	125	95
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	175	95	80	538,265	266,540	271,725	200	90	110
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.6	36.4	36.8	39.7	40.2	39.3	39.4	38.8	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	290	155	135	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	395	215	190
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	285	150	135	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	390	205	180
Employee	245	130	110	907,745	457,830	449,915	315	155	160
Permanent position	175	95	85	741,830	380,445	361,385	270	140	135
Temporary position	70	35	30	165,915	77,385	88,530	45	15	25
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	15	10	69,690	31,285	38,405	20	10	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	40	25	15	96,225	46,100	50,120	30	0	15
Self-employed¹⁹²	45	20	20	142,380	88,145	54,230	75	50	25
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	290	155	135	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	395	215	190
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	285	150	135	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	390	205	180
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	10	35	207,660	79,975	127,685	40	20	20
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	15	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	70	50	25
3 Health occupations	15	0	20	85,545	21,700	63,845	40	15	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	15	20	140,500	46,385	94,115	80	20	60
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20	10	15	61,790	31,615	30,175	25	20	0
6 Sales and service occupations	85	45	40	263,055	135,300	127,750	70	30	40
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	50	50	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	30	30	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	10	0	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	290	155	135	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	395	215	190
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	285	150	135	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	390	205	180
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	10	0	0
23 Construction	20	15	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	20	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	20	20	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	35	15	20
41 Wholesale trade	15	10	10	42,365	25,230	17,140	15	10	10
44-45 Retail trade	30	15	15	111,555	56,180	55,375	35	20	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	15	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	10	10	43,110	26,250	16,865	20	20	0
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	10	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	10	20	130,405	75,750	54,655	55	35	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	10	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	25	15	10
61 Educational services	35	20	20	95,290	34,510	60,780	55	10	45
62 Health care and social assistance	25	0	20	142,545	36,095	106,450	75	35	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	25	20	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	20	10	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	0	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	0	0	0
91 Public administration	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	330	175	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	430	225	205
English	150	90	60	201,310	110,165	91,150	10	10	0
French	30	20	10	416,430	206,170	210,265	225	125	105
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	145	55	95	473,485	249,700	223,785	155	65	90
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	25	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	330	175	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	430	225	205
Single responses	275	160	120	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	395	205	190
Official languages	275	160	120	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	380	195	190
English	215	125	100	361,715	194,885	166,835	35	20	10
French	60	40	25	645,885	327,180	318,705	350	170	175
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	15	10	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	10	10	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	15	35	126,180	65,940	60,240	35	15	15
English and French	45	10	35	116,535	60,925	55,605	35	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	330	175	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	430	225	205
None	230	130	100	743,180	381,875	361,305	275	155	120
English	25	10	15	219,885	116,455	103,430	105	40	65
French	70	30	40	149,470	78,495	70,975	25	10	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	25	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	285	145	135	971,245	502,885	468,360	370	200	175
Worked at home	100	40	60	298,820	151,335	147,485	140	70	70
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	10	0	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	35	35	0
Usual place of work	170	105	70	580,035	286,695	293,340	200	100	100
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	175	100	70	580,035	286,695	293,340	200	100	105
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	135	65	65	427,475	202,010	225,465	190	95	95
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20	15	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	25	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	10	0	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	180	110	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	235	130	100
Car, truck or van	120	75	40	395,615	229,315	166,300	135	85	50
Car, truck or van - as a driver	100	70	30	365,770	218,475	147,295	125	85	40
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	10	10	29,845	10,845	19,005	15	0	15
Public transit	35	20	20	177,860	74,605	103,260	60	25	25
Walked	20	0	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	15	0	10
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	25	10	15
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	180	110	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	235	130	100
Less than 15 minutes	35	20	15	125,240	61,185	64,055	45	30	10
15 to 29 minutes	60	45	20	241,005	129,590	111,420	75	45	30
30 to 44 minutes	65	35	35	176,925	96,710	80,215	70	35	35
45 to 59 minutes	20	10	10	67,635	33,110	34,530	25	25	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	25	0	15
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	180	110	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	235	130	100
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	15	15	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	30	30	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	30	15	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	35	10	25	166,695	79,410	87,280	65	25	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70	50	20	149,185	68,865	80,320	30	30	0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15	10	10	106,855	50,615	56,240	60	30	35
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	30	10	20	112,350	65,830	46,520	30	25	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	145	70	75	371,310	189,920	181,390	115	50	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	40	40	109,065	56,315	52,750	20	5	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	30	35	262,245	133,605	128,640	95	40	55
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	115	50	65	264,905	135,505	129,395	85	30	55
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	35	30	82,880	42,755	40,130	20	5	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55	30	25	67,535	34,945	32,590	15	5	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	15	30	182,020	92,755	89,270	65	30	40

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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