Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660697More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24660047More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24662151More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	731	...	...	391	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	609	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	502	...	...	190	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	427	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	430	...	...	184	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	359	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	16,280.6	...	...	2,617.1	...	...	6.5	...	...	17,911.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.04	...	...	0.15	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.03	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	730	370	360	390	190	200	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	610	280	325
0 to 14 years	45	25	20	65	30	30	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	45	15	30
0 to 4 years	15	10	10	10	10	5	422,980	217,145	205,840	10	5	0
5 to 9 years	15	5	10	35	15	20	478,955	245,295	233,665	25	5	15
10 to 14 years	15	5	5	15	10	10	489,425	250,855	238,570	15	5	10
15 to 64 years	625	310	315	205	105	100	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	515	250	270
15 to 19 years	60	25	25	15	10	5	429,400	219,400	209,995	25	10	15
20 to 24 years	230	110	125	5	5	10	460,660	235,250	225,405	110	55	60
25 to 29 years	135	70	65	15	10	10	527,150	266,455	260,700	110	40	70
30 to 34 years	55	30	25	20	10	15	536,040	267,770	268,270	75	40	30
35 to 39 years	40	25	15	15	10	5	550,425	274,350	276,075	50	30	25
40 to 44 years	30	10	15	25	15	10	572,565	286,405	286,160	45	25	15
45 to 49 years	20	15	5	20	10	10	516,465	259,565	256,905	20	5	15
50 to 54 years	15	5	5	15	10	10	522,935	262,610	260,325	35	15	20
55 to 59 years	25	15	15	25	15	10	615,690	307,230	308,465	25	15	10
60 to 64 years	20	10	10	40	20	20	625,610	307,710	317,900	20	10	15
65 years and over	60	30	30	125	60	65	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	45	15	25
65 to 69 years	15	5	10	30	15	15	541,970	264,020	277,950	20	10	5
70 to 74 years	15	5	5	35	15	15	455,900	217,985	237,910	10	0	10
75 to 79 years	15	10	5	30	15	20	330,840	153,790	177,050	10	0	5
80 to 84 years	10	5	10	15	10	5	210,405	90,825	119,580	5	0	5
85 years and over	5	5	5	15	5	5	214,415	75,305	139,115	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	5	5	0	5	0	0	131,755	50,610	81,150	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	5	0	5	65,020	20,490	44,535	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6.2	6.8	5.6	16.7	15.8	15.0	16.4	17.0	15.8	7.4	5.4	9.2
15 to 64 years	85.6	83.8	87.5	52.6	55.3	50.0	63.0	63.9	62.1	84.4	89.3	83.1
65 years and over	8.2	8.1	8.3	32.1	31.6	32.5	20.6	19.1	22.1	7.4	5.4	7.7
85 years and over	0.7	1.4	1.4	3.8	2.6	2.5	2.5	1.8	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	32.4	32.3	32.6	48.6	47.4	49.8	42.8	41.8	43.7	35.2	35.8	34.7
Median age of the population	25.8	26.0	25.4	53.2	50.0	56.0	43.2	42.0	44.0	30.8	32.4	29.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	430	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	360	...	...
Single-detached house	5	...	...	15	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	5	...	...	5	...	...	199,080	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	25	...	...	98,625	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	...	...	35	...	...	271,245	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	220	...	...	60	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	190	...	...	45	...	...	225,745	...	...	95	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	430	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	355	...	...
1 person	240	...	...	65	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	190	...	...
2 persons	115	...	...	70	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	120	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	20	...	...	480,135	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	15	...	...	427,605	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	10	...	...	228,060	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	730	370	360	385	185	200	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	610	280	330
Average household size	1.7	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	685	340	345	330	155	175	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	560	265	300
Married or living common-law	210	100	110	195	95	95	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	195	100	100
Married	105	55	55	125	65	65	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	110	55	55
Living common-law	100	50	55	65	30	30	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	85	45	40
Living common law - Never married	95	45	50	50	25	25	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	80	40	40
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	10	5	10	261,885	135,520	126,370	5	5	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	5	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	475	240	235	135	60	75	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	365	160	205
Not married and not living common law - Never married	440	225	210	85	50	35	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	310	145	165
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	5	5	0	5	106,275	48,095	58,175	20	5	15
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15	10	10	25	10	15	494,210	197,455	296,755	35	15	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	5	5	20	5	15	380,100	89,515	290,580	5	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	110	...	...	115	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	110	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	80	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	75	...	...
3 persons	15	...	...	20	...	...	454,980	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	15	...	...	412,850	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	10	...	...	187,600	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	110	...	...	115	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	115	...	...
Total couple families	100	...	...	95	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	95	...	...
Married couples	50	...	...	65	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	55	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	25	...	...	502,020	...	...	25	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	40	...	...	609,605	...	...	30	...	...
Common-law couples	55	...	...	30	...	...	828,005	...	...	40	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	10	...	...	401,885	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	20	...	...	426,120	...	...	40	...	...
Total one-parent families	10	...	...	20	...	...	383,775	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5	...	...	15	...	...	284,025	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	99,755	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	730	365	360	385	185	200	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	610	280	330
Total - Persons in census families	295	150	145	300	145	160	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	295	140	160
Married spouses or common-law partners	200	100	100	190	95	95	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	195	100	95
Parents in one-parent families	10	5	5	20	0	15	383,780	99,755	284,020	20	5	15
Children⁶	85	45	35	90	40	45	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	85	35	50
In a two-parent family	70	40	30	60	30	30	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	55	20	35
In a one-parent family	10	5	5	30	15	15	585,820	317,400	268,415	25	15	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	435	215	220	85	40	40	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	310	145	170
Living alone	245	120	125	65	30	30	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	190	85	105
Living with other relatives⁷	35	20	15	10	5	5	165,070	74,060	91,005	30	15	10
Living with non-relatives only	155	80	75	5	5	5	268,810	158,325	110,485	95	45	50
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	430	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	360	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	105	...	...	100	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	105	...	...
Couple-family households	95	...	...	90	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	90	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	30	...	...	851,835	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	60	...	...	60	...	...	982,260	...	...	60	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	15	...	...	331,395	...	...	20	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	5	...	...	50,790	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	5	...	...	66,750	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	75	...	...	5	...	...	139,280	...	...	55	...	...
One-person households	240	...	...	65	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	190	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	685	345	345	325	155	170	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	565	265	295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	615	300	315	315	145	170	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	545	260	285
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,200	27,000	23,200	36,800	39,200	33,600	40,800	44,800	37,200	33,200	34,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	615	300	315	315	145	170	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	545	260	285
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,000	25,400	22,200	33,200	35,600	31,000	36,400	39,200	33,600	30,200	31,200	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	570	270	300	280	130	150	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	515	250	265
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	18,600	24,200	15,900	27,200	31,400	23,800	33,600	39,600	28,000	26,000	27,400	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	495	235	255	190	90	100	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	455	230	225
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	15,100	19,400	12,800	37,600	40,400	34,800	36,000	40,400	31,600	24,400	26,600	23,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	530	250	270	270	120	155	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	470	220	255
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,960	5,680	6,240	14,900	15,300	14,900	11,500	10,200	12,300	6,500	6,600	6,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40	20	20	25	10	15	837,635	441,080	396,550	55	30	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,000	x	5,240	6,500	x	x	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,480	5,720	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	250	115	130	70	35	30	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	225	115	115
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	7,000	6,000	11,000	7,250	12,300	7,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	635	315	315	325	140	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	250	285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	580	295	285	310	135	180	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	520	245	275
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,800	46,000	37,200	45,200	49,000	42,800	51,160	57,550	44,960	45,400	52,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	580	295	285	310	135	180	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	520	245	275
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,000	32,400	38,400	41,000	36,800	41,840	45,760	38,000	37,000	42,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	535	265	270	280	125	160	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	495	240	250
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,000	44,400	33,600	36,800	41,000	33,600	45,480	52,900	38,000	40,600	47,600	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	465	240	230	190	85	105	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	460	225	230
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,000	41,600	47,000	37,500	46,240	51,950	40,040	39,800	46,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	475	250	225	270	110	155	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	450	200	250
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,360	7,550	7,150	13,700	13,600	13,800	12,410	11,500	13,220	7,880	7,100	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35	30	0	40	15	20	837,180	441,665	395,515	35	15	15
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	6,000	...	8,000	7,000	8,500	7,040	6,380	7,780	16,000	18,000	14,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	215	125	90	80	45	35	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	205	90	115
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,400	7,800	6,900	9,800	8,400	11,000	8,130	7,910	8,390	8,000	7,700	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	635	315	320	320	140	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	250	285
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	155	95	65	80	40	40	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	190	100	85
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	56,000	59,200	52,000	52,000	48,400	58,400	62,800	53,600	56,800	57,200	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,000	79,000	68,000	57,000	52,000	60,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	71,000	78,000	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	265	115	145	75	35	40	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	225	100	120
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	13,000	7,800	13,800	21,400	25,400	19,200	18,600	21,400	16,600	14,400	22,000	7,750
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	13,800	19,200	33,000	40,000	25,000	28,160	32,120	24,360	18,400	24,000	13,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0	86.0	86.0	74.0	76.0	71.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	85.0	88.0	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.5	68.0	69.0	55.0	60.0	50.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	78.0	82.0	72.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.4	14.0	15.0	26.0	23.0	29.0	20.1	15.8	25.6	15.1	11.0	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.4	x	2.0	1.6	2.4	1.7	1.5	2.0	2.4	2.0	2.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.1	7.7	6.3	6.6	6.4	6.8	5.4	4.8	6.1	7.6	5.9	9.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.6	7.2	5.6	5.6	5.6	6.0	4.6	4.3	5.1	6.9	5.4	8.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	685	340	345	325	150	175	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	560	265	300
Without total income	70	40	25	10	5	0	179,955	87,650	92,310	15	5	15
With total income	615	300	315	315	145	170	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	545	255	290
Under $10,000 (including loss)	100	50	50	15	10	10	462,400	204,245	258,155	70	25	45
$10,000 to $19,999	145	60	85	50	25	25	809,375	334,315	475,065	80	35	45
$20,000 to $29,999	105	55	55	65	25	35	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	100	50	50
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	30	40	20	20	896,520	414,070	482,445	105	50	55
$40,000 to $49,999	55	30	20	50	25	25	849,005	411,680	437,325	45	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	10	25	10	15	687,020	345,720	341,305	45	25	25
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	25	10	10	503,110	271,695	231,415	25	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	20	5	10	10	0	10	367,455	208,475	158,980	20	10	5
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	15	10	10	284,690	158,760	125,930	10	10	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	10	5	0	198,140	112,355	85,780	10	0	5
$100,000 and over	50	35	20	10	5	5	556,780	365,700	191,080	40	20	20
$100,000 to $149,999	35	25	15	10	10	0	385,890	245,635	140,260	30	15	15
$150,000 and over	20	15	5	5	0	0	170,890	120,065	50,820	15	10	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	685	340	345	325	150	175	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	560	265	300
Without after-tax income	70	40	25	10	5	0	177,960	86,610	91,355	15	5	15
With after-tax income	615	300	315	315	145	170	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	545	255	290
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105	50	50	15	10	10	495,035	214,000	281,030	70	25	45
$10,000 to $19,999	155	60	90	50	20	30	853,250	356,480	496,765	85	40	50
$20,000 to $29,999	115	55	55	70	30	40	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	115	60	55
$30,000 to $39,999	65	30	30	60	30	30	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	110	50	60
$40,000 to $49,999	60	35	25	40	25	20	994,235	505,970	488,265	60	25	35
$50,000 to $59,999	35	15	20	30	15	15	691,015	372,870	318,145	35	20	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	20	5	15	459,665	251,490	208,170	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	10	5	5	0	292,135	160,985	131,150	10	0	5
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	5	0	5	174,905	104,610	70,295	15	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	0	0	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	25	20	10	5	5	0	229,765	156,750	73,020	30	15	10
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	10	0	0	0	119,125	78,615	40,515	10	10	5
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	5	0	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	15	10	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	685	340	345	325	150	175	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	560	265	300
Without employment income	190	105	90	140	60	75	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	110	35	75
With employment income	490	240	255	185	85	95	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	450	225	220
Under $5,000 (including loss)	115	55	60	25	15	15	644,075	331,770	312,300	85	35	50
$5,000 to $9,999	75	30	45	10	10	0	401,185	180,585	220,595	45	25	25
$10,000 to $19,999	95	35	55	25	10	15	603,350	273,725	329,620	70	35	35
$20,000 to $29,999	35	25	15	15	10	10	495,105	228,670	266,435	50	30	25
$30,000 to $39,999	35	15	20	15	5	10	488,000	239,620	248,380	40	20	20
$40,000 to $49,999	35	20	15	30	10	20	485,845	242,230	243,610	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	20	15	10	15	10	5	403,980	217,425	186,560	30	15	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	10	0	10	320,700	184,770	135,935	20	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	0	10	5	0	250,635	147,020	103,615	10	10	0
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	10	5	0	218,100	120,085	98,020	10	10	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	10	5	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	35	20	10	10	5	0	422,055	285,910	136,145	40	15	20
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	5	5	5	0	205,085	133,500	71,585	15	5	10
$125,000 and over	25	15	5	0	0	0	216,965	152,410	64,555	20	10	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	685	345	345	325	155	170	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	565	265	295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	590	290	300	310	145	165	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	520	245	275
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	19,400	20,400	18,000	35,200	40,000	31,600	38,400	43,200	34,000	24,800	26,200	24,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	590	290	300	310	145	165	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	520	245	275
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	19,000	20,200	18,000	31,600	35,200	29,600	34,000	37,600	30,600	24,000	24,400	24,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	555	270	290	275	130	145	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	485	230	255
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	17,200	19,600	15,600	30,400	32,400	25,000	34,800	40,400	29,200	25,200	26,200	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	485	240	250	190	95	100	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	440	215	225
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	13,800	16,200	11,900	36,400	40,000	35,200	36,400	41,200	31,800	23,000	23,400	23,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	460	225	240	250	110	140	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	415	190	230
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,450	1,370	1,640	12,400	10,000	13,100	7,800	5,640	9,100	1,400	1,390	1,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	10	10	20	10	10	727,165	390,255	336,910	20	10	10
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	x	x	8,100	x	x	5,000	4,760	5,280	4,120	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	635	315	315	325	140	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	250	285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	575	290	285	305	130	180	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	490	225	265
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,000	32,400	43,600	50,000	38,800	48,600	55,500	41,880	38,400	44,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	575	290	285	305	130	180	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	490	225	265
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	31,000	27,400	36,400	41,000	32,800	39,600	44,000	35,320	31,800	35,600	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	520	255	260	270	120	155	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	465	220	245
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,800	31,800	40,800	46,000	36,000	45,920	53,800	37,920	37,400	43,200	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	450	225	220	195	85	105	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	445	210	235
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	30,400	43,200	50,000	37,500	46,240	52,450	39,520	35,200	40,000	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	425	215	210	240	110	130	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	395	160	235
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,300	2,820	3,800	10,300	10,000	10,600	9,450	8,430	10,320	3,300	3,080	3,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20	0	0	35	20	0	727,815	390,880	336,935	35	20	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	...	...	5,600	5,600	...	7,020	5,975	8,230	5,200	6,400	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	635	315	320	320	140	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	250	285
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	155	95	65	80	40	40	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	180	90	85
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	53,600	46,400	43,200	43,200	48,000	54,800	60,000	49,200	53,200	62,400	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	65,000	60,000	55,000	54,000	56,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	58,800	67,000	50,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	240	110	130	75	35	40	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	215	95	120
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	11,600	10,400	12,600	34,400	36,000	34,400	23,600	27,200	21,000	12,600	17,400	10,300
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	16,000	19,200	44,000	56,000	34,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	19,000	20,800	17,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.0	94.0	92.0	82.0	84.0	80.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	93.0	94.0	90.0
Employment income (%)	72.0	70.0	74.0	63.0	66.0	58.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	83.0	84.0	82.0
Government transfers (%)	6.8	5.3	8.6	18.4	16.5	20.0	14.9	10.8	20.2	7.1	5.0	9.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	x	x	1.4	1.8	x	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.0	1.4	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	430	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	355	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	60,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	52,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	54,000	...	...	63,200	...	...	44,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	240	...	...	65	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	25,000	...	...	36,800	...	...	38,800	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	23,200	...	...	33,600	...	...	34,400	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	185	...	...	120	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	82,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	70,500	...	...	83,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	415	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	345	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	59,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	68,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	49,800	...	...	65,500	...	...	75,200	...	...	55,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	235	...	...	55	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	180	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	48,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	43,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,800	...	...	40,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	175	...	...	125	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	430	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	355	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0	...	...	52,080	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	82,470	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	218,185	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	144,420	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	143,285	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	172,005	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	174,790	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	166,990	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	310,880	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	280,505	...	...	35	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	255,770	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	235,235	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	208,320	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	45	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	414,805	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	282,590	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	307,835	...	...	5	...	...
$200,000 and over	20	...	...	5	...	...	239,060	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	430	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	355	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0	...	...	53,600	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	87,695	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	35	...	...	10	...	...	234,875	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	177,135	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	180,150	...	...	30	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	30	...	...	20	...	...	213,760	...	...	30	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	20	...	...	210,280	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	193,530	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40	...	...	15	...	...	356,325	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	322,530	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	289,580	...	...	20	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	254,885	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	216,370	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	45	...	...	30	...	...	892,775	...	...	40	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	387,835	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	225,830	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 and over	25	...	...	5	...	...	279,105	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	125	...	...	115	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	71,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	60	...	...	991,710	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	68,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	61,200	...	...	72,500	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	35	...	...	907,765	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	180,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10	...	...	15	...	...	368,845	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	69,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	x	...	...	61,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.2	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	395	195	200	75	35	35	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	290	125	155
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	19,400	20,200	18,800	36,400	45,200	32,800	36,800	39,200	34,800	31,200	30,400	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	19,200	20,200	18,800	33,200	37,600	31,000	33,200	34,800	31,600	29,200	27,400	30,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	105	...	...	115	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	125	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	55	...	...	992,110	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	40	...	...	909,160	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	180,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	170,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	20	...	...	367,155	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	60,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	60,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	400	200	200	75	25	45	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	260	110	160
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,000	31,200	24,800	44,000	52,000	40,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	36,400	35,000	37,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	24,200	26,200	22,000	38,000	44,000	35,000	38,040	39,400	36,640	31,000	30,400	31,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	735	370	365	385	185	200	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	610	280	330
0 to 17 years	55	30	20	70	35	30	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	55	20	35
0 to 5 years	20	10	5	15	10	5	515,725	264,785	250,935	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	620	310	305	195	95	100	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	510	245	270
65 years and over	60	30	30	120	55	70	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	45	15	25
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	285	135	155	50	25	20	992,235	463,295	528,940	140	60	85
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	5	5	0	159,530	82,000	77,530	5	0	5
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	53,105	27,240	25,870	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	280	130	145	25	15	10	515,470	256,435	259,035	125	60	70
65 years and over	10	5	0	20	5	15	317,235	124,865	192,370	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	39.6	36.5	42.0	12.4	13.0	12.0	11.9	11.2	12.7	22.8	20.0	25.2
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	9.7	9.7	9.7	12.0	x	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	44.8	41.0	48.0	11.0	16.0	8.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	25.2	23.0	27.0
65 years and over (%)	16.0	16.0	12.0	17.0	10.0	20.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	12.0	x	20.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	730	365	365	385	185	200	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	610	280	330
0 to 17 years	50	30	25	65	35	30	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	55	20	35
0 to 5 years	15	15	5	15	10	0	511,400	262,535	248,860	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	615	310	310	195	90	105	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	515	245	265
65 years and over	60	30	30	125	55	70	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	40	20	25
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	265	120	140	15	5	5	439,850	223,055	216,795	115	50	60
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,665	31,610	30,060	5	0	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	255	115	135	10	5	5	313,970	167,015	146,955	110	50	55
65 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	5	64,210	24,430	39,780	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	36.0	33.0	39.0	3.2	4.0	2.5	5.3	5.4	5.2	19.2	19.5	19.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	41.6	38.0	45.0	5.0	6.0	x	6.2	6.6	5.8	21.2	21.0	21.0
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.0	3.3	4.7	10.0	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	730	370	360	385	185	200	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	610	280	325
In bottom half of the distribution	510	260	255	260	130	135	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	435	195	240
In bottom decile	295	135	160	25	15	10	851,840	407,705	444,140	140	65	75
In second decile	90	50	40	85	40	40	920,490	434,730	485,760	100	50	50
In third decile	55	25	30	40	20	20	969,255	471,650	497,600	80	35	45
In fourth decile	40	25	15	65	30	35	978,345	482,760	495,590	55	25	25
In fifth decile	35	20	10	45	25	20	947,090	473,285	473,810	65	25	45
In top half of the distribution	220	115	110	125	50	70	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	170	85	85
In sixth decile	50	25	30	40	15	25	899,660	454,970	444,690	25	15	15
In seventh decile	45	20	25	30	15	15	837,225	425,400	411,830	30	15	15
In eighth decile	30	15	15	25	15	15	752,410	383,450	368,955	40	15	20
In ninth decile	40	20	15	15	5	10	634,425	325,700	308,730	25	10	15
In top decile	55	30	25	10	5	10	517,725	267,160	250,565	45	25	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	730	...	...	385	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	610	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.507	...	...	0.274	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.404	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.585	...	...	0.446	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.506	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.454	...	...	0.232	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.346	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	29.0	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.4	...	...	5.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	730	365	365	390	190	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	610	280	330
English only	55	30	30	0	0	0	445,575	228,840	216,735	130	55	70
French only	95	45	50	220	95	125	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	25	15	5
English and French	585	295	285	165	95	70	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	445	205	245
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	0	0	0	82,075	35,200	46,875	10	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	730	365	365	390	190	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	610	280	330
English	100	55	40	10	5	5	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	355	165	190
French	565	280	285	365	175	185	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	180	85	95
English and French	70	35	35	10	5	10	329,515	169,050	160,465	65	25	40
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,000	33,590	45,410	5	5	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	730	365	365	390	190	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	610	280	330
Single responses	695	350	340	380	185	195	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	550	255	295
Official languages	505	260	250	355	170	185	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	350	155	190
English	45	25	25	10	5	5	639,365	323,170	316,195	205	90	110
French	455	235	230	345	165	180	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	145	70	80
Non-official languages	190	95	95	25	15	10	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	200	95	105
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	95	95	25	15	10	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	200	95	105
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	40	25	5	5	5	233,220	122,895	110,320	25	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	40	25	5	0	0	204,600	107,735	96,865	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	65	40	25	5	0	0	198,785	104,765	94,020	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	20	10	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	10	5	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	10	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	5	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	5	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	5	0	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	35	45	15	10	5	595,790	290,670	305,115	115	60	50
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	68,295	30,855	37,435	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	67,565	30,570	36,995	15	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5	0	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	5	5	5
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	5	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	5	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	101,450	52,780	48,665	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	10	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	5	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	5	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	20	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	20	10	10
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	5	0	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	15	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	25	25	15	10	5	346,000	167,870	178,130	65	35	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	5	0	0	0	90,940	44,080	46,865	5	0	5
Portuguese	15	10	5	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	10	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	10	5	5
Spanish	25	10	15	10	5	0	177,155	86,490	90,660	40	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	10	10	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	87,540	40,170	47,375	20	10	15
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	87,155	39,990	47,160	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	10	15	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	5	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	15	20	10	5	10	308,550	155,455	153,095	55	25	30
English and French	0	0	0	5	0	5	126,405	64,585	61,820	30	5	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	5	5	0	94,205	46,880	47,320	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	730	365	365	390	190	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	610	280	330
English	45	25	20	5	5	0	623,305	313,780	309,520	215	95	120
French	405	200	210	335	170	170	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	85	45	40
Non-official language	35	20	15	10	5	0	366,730	177,410	189,315	55	25	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15	10	5	0	343,650	165,830	177,825	55	25	30
English and French	80	45	35	20	5	15	497,380	256,735	240,645	115	55	60
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0	0	0	205,755	102,290	103,470	60	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	15	5	10	375,795	179,585	196,210	25	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	40	35	0	0	0	284,940	141,275	143,665	60	20	35
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	5	5	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	730	365	365	390	190	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	610	280	330
Single responses	665	335	335	380	190	190	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	540	255	285
Official languages	580	290	290	360	175	185	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	445	215	230
English	80	50	35	5	5	5	874,185	438,570	435,615	320	140	175
French	500	245	255	355	170	180	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	125	70	60
Non-official languages	90	45	45	15	10	10	662,615	322,860	339,750	95	45	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	45	45	15	10	10	628,365	305,820	322,555	95	45	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	5	0	0	0	116,685	59,645	57,040	5	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	15	5	0	0	0	104,890	53,505	51,380	5	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	15	15	5	0	0	0	102,120	52,125	49,990	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	10	10	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	10	5	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	20	5	5	5	336,635	164,100	172,535	60	25	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870	10	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775	10	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960	5	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	5	0	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	15	10	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	15	10	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	15	5	5	5	182,585	88,060	94,525	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	5	5	5
Spanish	15	10	10	5	5	5	112,915	55,870	57,050	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	10	5	5
Chinese languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	10	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	10	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	60	30	30	15	0	10	357,245	176,070	181,175	65	25	45
English and French	15	10	10	10	0	10	137,120	69,025	68,095	40	10	25
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0	0	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	30	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0	0	0	116,595	56,445	60,150	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0	0	0	39,875	19,575	20,300	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	730	365	360	390	190	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	610	280	330
None	530	260	265	365	180	185	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	405	180	225
English	70	35	35	10	0	5	353,690	183,470	170,225	45	20	20
French	40	25	15	5	5	5	259,425	127,380	132,040	65	35	30
Non-official language	40	20	20	10	0	5	269,715	129,830	139,890	50	30	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	20	20	10	0	5	264,405	127,330	137,070	50	30	25
English and French	15	5	10	0	0	0	61,955	31,425	30,525	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0	0	0	76,755	38,765	37,990	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0	0	0	55,860	26,915	28,945	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	685	340	350	400	190	205	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	600	275	325
Official languages	685	340	350	400	190	205	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	585	265	320
English	610	315	290	185	95	90	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	550	240	305
French	625	290	330	395	190	205	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	475	230	245
Non-official languages	330	150	180	85	55	30	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	305	140	165
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330	150	180	85	55	30	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	305	140	165
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	60	25	30	25	10	385,210	201,105	184,100	30	10	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	80	60	25	30	25	10	363,875	190,005	173,870	30	10	20
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	80	60	25	30	25	10	343,675	179,750	163,930	25	10	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	50	25	25
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	25	20	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	25	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	15	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	190	80	115	50	30	20	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	195	90	105
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	35	15	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	35	15	20
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	20	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	25	20	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	20	10	0
German	10	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	20	10	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	10	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	15	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	20	0	15
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	0	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	15	0	10
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	15	0	0	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	10	0	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	10	0	10
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	60	85	50	30	20	684,830	324,095	360,735	140	60	80
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	15	0	0	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	20	0	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	20	15	0
Romanian	10	0	0	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	30	10	20
Spanish	120	60	70	50	30	20	453,905	210,400	243,505	80	35	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	10	25	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	25	15	10
Chinese languages	40	10	25	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	10	25	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	685	335	350	400	190	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	595	275	320
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	25	10	10	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	25	10	10	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	25	10	10	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	685	335	350	375	180	195	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	595	275	320
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	685	335	350	400	190	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	595	275	320
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	685	335	350	400	190	210	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	595	275	320
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	415	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	340	...	...
Owner	50	...	...	70	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	20	...	...
Renter	360	...	...	110	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	320	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	415	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	340	...	...
Condominium	80	...	...	0	...	...	515,590	...	...	20	...	...
Not condominium	330	...	...	180	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	320	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	415	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	340	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	190	...	...	35	...	...	623,295	...	...	125	...	...
2 bedrooms	130	...	...	75	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	155	...	...
3 bedrooms	55	...	...	45	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	30	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	25	...	...	730,330	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	415	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	340	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	310	...	...	90	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	280	...	...
5 rooms	40	...	...	25	...	...	645,635	...	...	45	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...	0	...	...	435,225	...	...	0	...	...
7 rooms	35	...	...	25	...	...	403,225	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	40	...	...	886,180	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.6	...	...	5.6	...	...	5.8	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	415	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	340	...	...
One person or fewer per room	390	...	...	180	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	335	...	...
More than one person per room	20	...	...	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	415	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	340	...	...
Suitable	385	...	...	180	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	315	...	...
Not suitable	25	...	...	0	...	...	142,775	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	415	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	340	...	...
1960 or before	175	...	...	75	...	...	879,375	...	...	210	...	...
1961 to 1980	120	...	...	30	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	80	...	...
1981 to 1990	50	...	...	35	...	...	509,120	...	...	20	...	...
1991 to 2000	25	...	...	35	...	...	385,315	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	10	...	...	198,595	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	20	...	...
2011 to 2015	10	...	...	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	15	...	...	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	415	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	340	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	385	...	...	180	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	290	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	0	...	...	236,110	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	415	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	340	...	...
One-maintainer household	285	...	...	105	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	220	...	...
Two-maintainer household	105	...	...	80	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	125	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	0	...	...	89,875	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	415	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	340	...	...
15 to 24 years	155	...	...	0	...	...	117,525	...	...	55	...	...
25 to 34 years	120	...	...	25	...	...	525,540	...	...	140	...	...
35 to 44 years	30	...	...	10	...	...	647,165	...	...	55	...	...
45 to 54 years	20	...	...	30	...	...	628,630	...	...	35	...	...
55 to 64 years	45	...	...	45	...	...	760,395	...	...	45	...	...
65 to 74 years	15	...	...	40	...	...	629,965	...	...	0	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	35	...	...	336,170	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	103,640	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	385	...	...	185	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	335	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	180	...	...	175	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	215	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	210	...	...	0	...	...	595,690	...	...	125	...	...
30% to less than 100%	140	...	...	0	...	...	542,060	...	...	100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	410	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	340	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	15	...	...	901,440	...	...	175	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	185	...	...	15	...	...	537,090	...	...	105	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	0	...	...	112,775	...	...	20	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	0	...	...	179,840	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	20	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	165	...	...	165	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	160	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	325	...	...	185	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	315	...	...
In core need	50	...	...	0	...	...	218,275	...	...	20	...	...
Not in core need	275	...	...	180	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	45	...	...	75	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	20	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.6	...	...	66.7	...	...	62.2	...	...	75.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	10.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,570	...	...	1,470	...	...	1,070	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,480	...	...	1,195	...	...	2,400	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	640,000	...	...	480,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	365	...	...	110	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	320	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	22.7	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	58.8	...	...	0.0	...	...	25.2	...	...	35.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.9	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	705	...	...	810	...	...	1,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,032	...	...	800	...	...	886	...	...	1,128	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	690	340	350	400	190	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	595	275	320
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	10	10	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	10	10	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	10	10	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	0	15	20	0	10	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	0	15	20	0	10	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	20	0	10	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	670	335	335	370	180	195	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	590	275	315
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	690	340	350	400	190	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	595	275	320
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	470	235	230	385	180	205	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	420	175	250
Canadian citizens aged under 18	50	15	35	75	50	30	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	40	10	30
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	415	220	200	310	130	180	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	385	160	220
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	220	100	115	20	10	0	518,265	264,490	253,775	175	100	70
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	690	340	350	400	190	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	595	275	320
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	320	170	155	360	160	195	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	315	130	190
Immigrants⁸¹	160	80	85	35	25	15	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	170	80	90
Before 1980	25	10	15	0	0	0	187,200	91,895	95,300	10	0	10
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	0	0	0	124,610	61,850	62,755	10	0	10
1991 to 2000	35	15	15	0	0	0	190,495	91,635	98,860	40	20	25
2001 to 2010	40	20	20	15	10	0	312,210	150,825	161,390	35	25	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	55	25	30	15	10	0	396,090	192,745	203,340	70	40	30
2011 to 2015	45	25	20	0	0	0	193,345	93,485	99,855	25	20	10
2016 to 2021	10	0	10	0	0	0	202,740	99,260	103,480	40	15	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	205	90	115	0	0	0	205,770	113,500	92,275	115	65	45
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	160	80	85	35	25	10	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	165	80	85
Under 5 years	15	10	0	0	0	0	112,295	56,755	55,540	15	0	0
5 to 14 years	30	15	15	10	10	0	201,385	101,555	99,835	35	25	10
15 to 24 years	40	25	20	10	0	10	213,035	96,175	116,860	15	0	15
25 to 44 years	80	35	45	15	15	0	594,845	292,975	301,875	90	40	55
45 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	10	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	160	80	85	35	25	10	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	165	80	85
Americas	15	0	10	20	10	10	264,885	121,740	143,145	35	25	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	0	0	0
Europe	80	50	30	0	0	0	309,015	154,110	154,910	60	25	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	30	20	15	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	10	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	15	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	0	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	20	0	10
Africa	30	15	15	10	0	0	302,010	153,655	148,355	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	25	15	15	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	0	0	0
Asia	40	10	25	0	0	0	332,925	158,445	174,475	65	30	35
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	15	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	25	10	20
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	10	0	10	0	0	0	202,740	99,265	103,480	40	15	20
Americas	10	0	10	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	20	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	15	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	685	340	350	400	190	205	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	595	275	320
First generation¹⁰⁰	370	175	195	40	25	10	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	290	140	145
Second generation¹⁰¹	95	50	40	50	30	15	883,485	446,000	437,490	110	45	65
Third generation or more¹⁰²	225	120	110	310	130	180	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	190	80	110
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	140	70	75	35	25	10	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	155	80	75
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	105	50	50	10	10	0	559,935	290,040	269,895	100	45	55
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	55	30	25	10	10	0	267,870	161,125	106,740	50	10	40
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	50	25	30	0	0	0	292,070	128,915	163,155	45	30	15
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30	10	20	15	10	0	272,255	109,735	162,515	40	25	15
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	15	10	10	175,740	89,995	85,740	20	10	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	140	70	75	35	25	10	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	155	80	75
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	20	20	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	0	10	10	10	0	94,185	46,445	47,740	20	0	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	10	0	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35	20	10	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	10	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	80	30	50	20	15	0	756,120	358,700	397,420	110	55	55
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	685	335	350	400	190	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	595	275	320
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	255	120	140	55	40	15	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	215	110	100
South Asian	30	20	10	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	20	10	10
Chinese	35	10	25	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	20	10	10
Black	70	20	50	0	0	0	422,405	206,335	216,070	25	10	20
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	25	10	20
Arab	60	40	20	30	20	10	280,075	146,990	133,085	10	10	0
Latin American	40	20	20	25	15	10	172,925	85,035	87,880	40	30	10
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	40	25	15
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	10	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	10	0	10
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	10	0	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	430	220	210	350	155	195	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	385	165	220
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	690	340	350	400	190	205	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	600	275	325
Canadian	75	55	20	120	50	75	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	30	10	20
English	20	10	10	0	0	0	177,710	88,910	88,800	55	25	30
Irish	35	10	25	40	25	15	404,190	193,440	210,745	55	30	30
Scottish	10	0	10	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	15	15	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	210	70	135	150	65	85	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	120	55	65
German	10	0	10	0	0	0	124,305	60,295	64,010	40	30	10
Chinese	30	10	20	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	30	15	15
Italian	15	10	0	0	0	0	316,315	157,600	158,720	35	15	20
Indian (India)	40	30	10	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	25	0	20
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	25	0	20
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	15	0	15
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	15	0	15
Québécois	60	40	15	45	25	20	931,940	465,630	466,305	35	15	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	35	15	20
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	25	10	10
French Canadian	35	20	15	45	20	20	588,805	290,630	298,180	20	15	10
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	0	10	25	0	15	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	10	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	25	15	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	0	15	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	30	10	20
American	10	0	0	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	15	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	10	10	0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	10	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	10	0	10	83,945	39,450	44,495	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	15	15	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	20	0	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	0	0	0
Greek	15	0	10	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	20	0	15	10	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	30	10	20
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	10	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	0	10	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	15	15	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	15	0	0	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	45	30	15	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	10	0	0	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	10	10	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	20	10	10	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	15	10	10	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	15	15	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	30	20	10
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	10	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	685	335	350	400	190	210	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	595	275	320
Buddhist	10	0	10	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	160	80	85	230	90	140	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	190	70	120
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	55	30	25	0	0	0	464,020	229,155	234,860	10	10	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	10	0	10
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0
Catholic	85	35	50	220	85	135	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	110	40	70
Christian Orthodox	10	0	0	0	0	0	145,805	70,840	74,965	30	10	20
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	10	0	0
Hindu	15	15	0	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	20	10	10
Muslim	105	65	40	45	30	15	421,710	218,255	203,455	40	25	15
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	10	0	10
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	25	10	10	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	370	170	205	130	75	60	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	315	160	160
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	690	340	350	395	185	210	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	595	275	320
Non-movers	495	250	245	350	165	190	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	400	180	225
Movers	195	85	105	45	20	20	945,290	466,750	478,540	195	95	100
Non-migrants	130	50	85	30	20	15	543,670	268,740	274,925	130	75	55
Migrants	65	40	25	20	10	10	401,625	198,010	203,615	65	20	45
Internal migrants	50	25	20	20	10	10	349,095	170,740	178,355	50	15	35
Intraprovincial migrants	45	25	20	20	10	10	321,005	156,550	164,455	30	15	20
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	15	0	15
External migrants	15	10	0	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	15	10	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	675	330	340	385	185	205	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	580	265	315
Non-movers	200	90	110	240	105	135	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	130	55	70
Movers	465	240	225	145	75	70	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	455	210	245
Non-migrants	110	40	65	105	60	45	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	160	80	75
Migrants	360	200	160	40	15	25	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	295	130	165
Internal migrants	165	105	55	40	15	25	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	170	70	105
Intraprovincial migrants	160	105	55	40	15	25	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	155	60	90
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	25	10	15
External migrants	195	90	105	0	0	0	320,090	166,115	153,975	125	60	65
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	635	315	315	325	140	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	250	285
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25	10	15	70	35	35	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	20	0	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	610	305	305	255	105	150	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	515	245	275
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	325	160	165	195	90	105	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	370	180	185
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	40	20	15	642,800	382,415	260,380	10	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	310	155	155	155	65	90	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	365	175	185
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	635	320	315	325	145	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	250	285
No certificate, diploma or degree	25	10	15	60	30	30	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	20	0	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	40	55	95	40	55	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	85	40	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	515	270	245	170	65	105	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	430	205	225
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	170	95	80	100	40	60	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	110	55	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	10	0	50	25	30	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	30	15	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	0	40	20	20	793,030	427,220	365,815	20	10	15
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0	10	0	10	303,330	239,705	63,620	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	130	80	50	45	10	30	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	75	40	35
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	10	15	0	0	0	252,815	102,150	150,665	10	0	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	345	175	170	70	30	40	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	320	145	170
Bachelor's degree	165	80	85	30	10	20	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	190	65	120
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	15	20	0	0	0	149,425	66,595	82,825	10	10	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	10	10	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	100	55	50	20	15	10	360,795	174,150	186,645	95	55	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	20	10	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	20	10	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	320	160	160	195	85	105	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	370	180	190
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	35	20	15	525,155	303,815	221,345	10	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25	20	10	45	25	25	752,855	388,160	364,700	45	25	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	285	135	145	115	45	70	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	320	155	160
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40	20	25	70	30	45	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	40	20	15
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	35	20	15	836,455	498,385	338,075	20	10	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	25	20	0	609,895	319,470	290,425	15	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	15	0	10	226,565	178,915	47,650	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30	15	15	35	10	20	838,140	372,455	465,685	15	10	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	10	0	0	0	174,695	72,115	102,580	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	240	120	125	45	20	30	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	280	130	150
Bachelor's degree	95	45	45	20	0	15	802,755	343,100	459,650	155	55	100
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	25	0	20	0	0	0	119,460	50,155	69,310	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	10	10	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	90	55	40	15	10	10	302,065	140,530	161,530	95	60	40
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	10	10	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	15	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	635	320	315	325	145	185	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	540	250	290
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	120	50	75	155	75	80	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	110	45	65
Education	15	15	0	15	0	10	292,470	65,830	226,640	35	10	25
13. Education	15	15	0	15	0	10	292,470	65,830	226,640	35	10	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	0	20	0	0	0	166,900	75,420	91,480	15	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	0	20	0	0	0	143,365	58,875	84,490	10	0	0
Humanities	50	20	25	0	0	0	228,770	90,810	137,960	35	15	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	20	10	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	15	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	15	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	85	50	40	25	0	20	430,845	142,280	288,570	90	25	65
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	10	0	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	79,155	6,625	72,535	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	10	0	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	15	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	0	0	0
42. Psychology	20	0	10	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	40	25	20	0	0	0	134,510	67,065	67,440	40	15	30
Business, management and public administration	75	35	45	30	0	25	950,820	357,290	593,535	55	25	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0	10	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	70	30	40	25	0	20	894,690	344,770	549,925	50	25	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	105	50	60	0	0	0	158,655	83,605	75,050	35	10	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	0	30	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	15	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	20	15	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	15	10	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	15	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	20	15	0	0	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	30	25	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	10	0	0	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	30	25	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	75	60	15	40	30	0	866,885	778,835	88,060	70	60	10
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	15	10	10
14. Engineering	60	55	0	0	0	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	50	45	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	10	10	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15	15	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	15	25	25	10	15	515,215	101,455	413,760	60	30	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	15	15	20	0	15	470,150	78,875	391,275	60	30	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	0	10	0	10	291,295	157,925	133,365	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	10	154,335	42,710	111,625	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	320	160	165	190	90	105	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	365	180	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35	25	15	80	45	35	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	50	30	20
Education	15	10	0	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	30	10	20
13. Education	15	10	0	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	30	10	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	0	20	0	0	0	129,065	58,170	70,895	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	0	20	0	0	0	110,860	45,555	65,305	0	0	0
Humanities	25	10	15	0	0	0	144,140	56,410	87,730	10	10	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60	20	40	15	0	15	334,475	103,635	230,840	75	20	50
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	15	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	0	0	0
42. Psychology	10	0	10	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	10	0	0
45. Social sciences	30	15	20	0	0	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	30	10	20
Business, management and public administration	45	15	30	25	10	20	741,390	268,705	472,685	45	25	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	10	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	10	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	15	25	20	0	15	697,775	259,725	438,045	40	20	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	15	10	0	0	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	20	0	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	10	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	15	15	0	0	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	20	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	0	0	0	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	20	15	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	45	0	30	25	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	55	45	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	10	10	0
14. Engineering	45	45	0	0	0	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	40	35	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	10	10	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	25	10	15	0	0	0	387,725	74,730	312,995	50	20	25
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	10	15	0	0	0	352,905	58,735	294,170	45	20	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	10	0	10	229,120	122,320	106,800	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	10	120,395	31,320	89,075	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	320	160	165	190	90	105	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	365	180	185
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35	25	15	80	45	35	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	50	30	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	285	140	145	115	45	65	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	315	150	165
Location of study inside Canada	210	100	110	105	40	65	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	220	100	120
Same as province or territory of residence	200	90	105	105	40	65	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	200	90	105
Different than province or territory of residence	10	10	0	0	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	25	10	15
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	75	40	35	10	10	0	414,490	209,160	205,330	95	55	45
Americas	25	15	10	0	0	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	10	10	0
United States of America	10	10	0	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	10	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	25	20	0	0	0	0	138,260	74,045	64,210	50	20	25
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	15	15	0	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	30	10	15
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10	0	0	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	15	0	15	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	40	20	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	15	10	10
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	635	320	315	325	145	180	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	535	250	285
In the labour force	430	210	225	170	95	80	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	395	200	190
Employed	370	165	210	160	95	70	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	355	190	165
Unemployed	60	45	15	15	0	15	335,015	176,245	158,775	40	10	25
Not in the labour force	200	110	95	155	50	100	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	145	45	100
Participation rate	67.7	65.6	71.4	52.3	65.5	44.4	64.1	67.4	60.9	73.8	80.0	66.7
Employment rate	58.3	51.6	66.7	49.2	65.5	38.9	59.3	62.3	56.3	66.4	76.0	57.9
Unemployment rate	14.0	21.4	6.7	8.8	0.0	18.8	7.6	7.7	7.4	10.1	5.0	13.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	635	320	315	325	145	185	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	540	250	290
Did not work¹⁸⁶	195	95	100	145	50	95	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	100	40	65
Worked	440	225	215	175	95	80	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	435	215	225
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	160	95	65	85	45	40	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	195	105	95
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	280	130	155	85	45	45	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	240	105	135
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.7	35.4	38.0	38.0	39.2	36.8	41.3	41.7	40.8	37.8	41.6	34.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	435	210	225	175	90	80	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	390	205	190
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	15	0	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	420	200	220	175	90	80	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	380	200	180
Employee	380	190	190	150	80	70	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	360	190	175
Permanent position	295	155	140	135	70	65	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	260	145	120
Temporary position	90	35	55	20	15	0	623,510	296,655	326,850	100	45	60
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	10	10	10	10	0	217,905	94,210	123,700	55	25	30
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	70	25	45	10	0	0	405,605	202,450	203,155	45	25	30
Self-employed¹⁹²	40	10	25	20	10	10	530,720	324,555	206,165	20	10	10
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	435	210	225	175	90	80	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	390	205	190
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	15	0	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	420	200	220	175	90	80	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	380	200	180
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	0	0	10	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	10	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	90	20	70	20	10	10	778,905	256,150	522,760	65	15	55
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	85	75	10	0	0	0	360,495	272,510	87,985	65	60	0
3 Health occupations	45	0	45	0	0	0	359,665	70,075	289,590	40	15	20
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50	20	20	30	10	20	558,725	166,020	392,700	70	30	35
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	0	10	10	0	0	146,560	72,400	74,165	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	120	70	45	40	0	40	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	95	45	45
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	0	0	0	55	50	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	20	20	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	10	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	20	10	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	435	210	225	175	90	80	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	390	205	190
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	15	0	10
All industries¹⁹¹	420	200	220	175	90	80	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	380	200	180
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	15	15	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	15	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	40	10	30	15	0	10	449,115	320,715	128,405	20	15	10
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	0	0	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	15	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	45	25	25	0	0	0	514,090	248,905	265,185	25	10	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	10	10	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	15	0	10	0	0	0	94,130	57,495	36,630	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	35	20	15	15	0	15	169,985	74,020	95,960	20	0	15
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	10	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	65	40	25	10	0	0	345,345	193,365	151,985	85	60	25
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	15	15	25	20	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	15	0	10
61 Educational services	50	35	15	15	10	10	340,885	104,300	236,590	55	20	40
62 Health care and social assistance	50	0	45	15	0	15	617,200	122,675	494,525	40	25	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	50	25	20	0	0	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	35	20	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	10	0	20	15	10	190,470	89,730	100,735	20	0	20
91 Public administration	10	0	10	10	10	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	10	10	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	500	235	265	195	100	95	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	460	225	230
English	50	35	10	0	0	0	350,525	195,385	155,145	180	90	90
French	200	95	105	145	85	65	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	80	35	45
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	220	85	130	40	15	25	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	180	90	90
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	10	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	500	235	265	195	100	95	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	460	225	230
Single responses	405	210	195	190	100	90	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	400	210	195
Official languages	400	200	195	190	100	90	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	395	200	190
English	90	75	15	10	0	10	668,485	365,785	302,695	260	145	115
French	310	125	180	180	100	80	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	135	60	80
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	10	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	95	25	65	0	0	0	269,365	142,370	126,995	55	20	35
English and French	85	25	55	0	0	0	249,945	132,640	117,300	55	20	35
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	500	235	265	195	100	95	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	460	225	230
None	320	160	165	155	85	70	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	315	150	170
English	110	35	80	30	15	15	720,960	391,075	329,885	60	25	30
French	40	35	0	10	0	10	302,145	161,340	140,805	75	40	30
Non-official language	15	0	0	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	0	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	370	160	210	160	90	70	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	355	190	165
Worked at home	125	65	65	40	10	30	897,770	435,285	462,480	130	70	65
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	15	10	0	25	25	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	30	20	15
Usual place of work	235	95	145	95	60	35	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	195	105	90
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	235	90	145	95	60	35	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	195	105	90
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	210	70	140	75	40	30	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	150	75	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	10	0	0	419,210	203,335	215,875	40	25	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	20	0	10	10	0	823,150	442,385	380,765	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	250	100	150	120	80	35	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	220	120	100
Car, truck or van	60	35	20	100	80	25	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	65	45	15
Car, truck or van - as a driver	50	35	20	100	80	25	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	65	45	15
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	0	0	0
Public transit	120	50	70	20	0	15	287,345	120,460	166,885	115	55	60
Walked	50	10	40	0	0	0	178,645	78,570	100,075	35	15	20
Bicycle	10	0	0	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	10	0	0
Other method	20	0	10	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	250	100	150	120	80	35	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	220	120	100
Less than 15 minutes	35	0	30	15	15	0	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	50	20	30
15 to 29 minutes	110	45	60	40	25	15	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	75	45	25
30 to 44 minutes	80	35	45	20	15	0	635,870	363,430	272,445	60	45	15
45 to 59 minutes	10	10	0	25	0	15	235,140	133,720	101,425	25	0	20
60 minutes and over	20	10	10	25	25	0	206,480	126,635	79,840	20	10	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	250	100	150	120	80	35	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	220	120	100
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	25	25	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	10	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15	0	10	20	10	10	569,745	368,480	201,265	40	15	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	75	25	50	25	20	0	935,640	441,465	494,170	60	30	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	50	20	35	15	10	0	626,895	259,220	367,675	35	10	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	70	35	35	15	10	10	330,930	142,495	188,435	40	25	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	30	15	20	20	15	0	489,685	284,160	205,530	40	30	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	60	35	25	65	40	35	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	60	20	40
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	15	10	5	303,835	156,030	147,805	30	10	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	35	25	55	30	30	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	25	10	15
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	40	20	20	55	25	25	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	50	20	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	10	5	5	230,080	118,075	112,005	30	10	20
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	5	0	0	175,305	90,000	85,305	25	10	15
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	5	5	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	20	40	20	20	992,895	508,315	484,580	25	10	15

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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