Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660645More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661312More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			24661820More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	862	...	...	460	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	559	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	384	...	...	336	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	294	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	345	...	...	291	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	11,037.1	...	...	11,004.8	...	...	6.5	...	...	13,836.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.08	...	...	0.04	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	0.04	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	860	375	485	460	245	215	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	555	295	265
0 to 14 years	80	45	40	55	30	25	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	50	30	20
0 to 4 years	20	10	5	15	15	5	422,980	217,145	205,840	15	15	0
5 to 9 years	25	15	10	15	5	10	478,955	245,295	233,665	20	10	10
10 to 14 years	40	20	20	15	10	5	489,425	250,855	238,570	15	5	5
15 to 64 years	490	230	255	275	160	115	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	465	245	220
15 to 19 years	45	20	25	15	5	15	429,400	219,400	209,995	15	5	10
20 to 24 years	45	20	30	25	10	10	460,660	235,250	225,405	60	30	30
25 to 29 years	65	35	30	35	25	10	527,150	266,455	260,700	110	45	60
30 to 34 years	50	30	20	35	15	20	536,040	267,770	268,270	70	35	35
35 to 39 years	35	15	20	20	15	10	550,425	274,350	276,075	50	25	25
40 to 44 years	60	20	35	30	20	15	572,565	286,405	286,160	45	25	20
45 to 49 years	55	20	35	20	10	15	516,465	259,565	256,905	35	15	15
50 to 54 years	45	25	20	25	15	10	522,935	262,610	260,325	30	20	10
55 to 59 years	40	20	20	30	20	5	615,690	307,230	308,465	25	20	5
60 to 64 years	45	25	20	30	20	5	625,610	307,710	317,900	30	20	10
65 years and over	295	100	195	135	60	75	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	45	20	25
65 to 69 years	30	15	15	35	20	15	541,970	264,020	277,950	25	10	10
70 to 74 years	50	25	25	40	10	30	455,900	217,985	237,910	15	10	5
75 to 79 years	35	15	25	35	15	20	330,840	153,790	177,050	0	0	0
80 to 84 years	35	10	25	10	5	10	210,405	90,825	119,580	5	0	5
85 years and over	135	35	100	15	5	10	214,415	75,305	139,115	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	55	10	45	10	5	5	131,755	50,610	81,150	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	50	15	30	0	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	25	5	20	5	5	0	15,665	3,875	11,790	0	0	0
100 years and over	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9.3	12.0	8.2	12.0	12.2	11.6	16.4	17.0	15.8	9.0	10.2	7.5
15 to 64 years	57.0	61.3	52.6	59.8	65.3	53.5	63.0	63.9	62.1	83.8	83.1	83.0
65 years and over	34.3	26.7	40.2	29.3	24.5	34.9	20.6	19.1	22.1	8.1	6.8	9.4
85 years and over	15.7	9.3	20.6	3.3	2.0	4.7	2.5	1.8	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	51.3	46.7	54.8	47.1	46.2	48.2	42.8	41.8	43.7	36.5	36.8	36.2
Median age of the population	49.6	45.6	53.2	47.6	47.2	49.2	43.2	42.0	44.0	32.8	34.0	32.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	345	...	...	290	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	199,080	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	98,625	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	120	...	...	0	...	...	271,245	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	110	...	...	290	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	275	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	115	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	345	...	...	290	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
1 person	145	...	...	195	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	115	...	...
2 persons	115	...	...	55	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	55	...	...	15	...	...	480,135	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	10	...	...	427,605	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	10	...	...	228,060	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	670	315	350	460	245	215	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	535	275	260
Average household size	1.9	...	...	1.6	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	780	330	450	410	215	195	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	510	265	245
Married or living common-law	315	170	145	115	65	55	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	215	105	110
Married	235	125	105	90	50	40	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	45	20	25
Living common-law	80	40	40	25	10	10	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	170	80	85
Living common law - Never married	70	35	40	25	10	10	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	150	70	80
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	5	0	0	0	261,885	135,520	126,370	15	10	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	465	165	300	290	150	140	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	295	155	135
Not married and not living common law - Never married	360	125	230	190	115	80	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	265	145	125
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	10	10	5	5	106,275	48,095	58,175	0	5	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	55	15	40	65	30	35	494,210	197,455	296,755	25	15	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	45	20	25	25	5	20	380,100	89,515	290,580	5	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	165	...	...	75	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	125	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	40	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	85	...	...
3 persons	45	...	...	5	...	...	454,980	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	15	...	...	412,850	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	5	...	...	187,600	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	170	...	...	75	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	120	...	...
Total couple families	130	...	...	50	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	105	...	...
Married couples	90	...	...	40	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	25	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	25	...	...	502,020	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	20	...	...	609,605	...	...	10	...	...
Common-law couples	45	...	...	15	...	...	828,005	...	...	80	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	5	...	...	401,885	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	5	...	...	426,120	...	...	65	...	...
Total one-parent families	40	...	...	25	...	...	383,775	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	30	...	...	20	...	...	284,025	...	...	10	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	0	...	...	99,755	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	670	315	355	460	245	215	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	540	275	260
Total - Persons in census families	445	215	235	215	95	120	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	300	150	150
Married spouses or common-law partners	260	130	130	105	55	55	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	215	100	110
Parents in one-parent families	35	5	35	20	5	20	383,780	99,755	284,020	20	5	10
Children⁶	150	80	75	85	40	45	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	70	40	30
In a two-parent family	95	55	45	55	25	35	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	45	30	15
In a one-parent family	50	20	30	30	15	10	585,820	317,400	268,415	25	10	15
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	225	105	120	245	145	100	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	240	125	115
Living alone	140	65	75	195	120	75	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	120	55	60
Living with other relatives⁷	25	10	10	15	0	10	165,070	74,060	91,005	5	5	0
Living with non-relatives only	60	30	30	40	20	15	268,810	158,325	110,485	115	65	50
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	345	...	...	290	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	165	...	...	70	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	115	...	...
Couple-family households	125	...	...	55	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	95	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	25	...	...	851,835	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	70	...	...	30	...	...	982,260	...	...	65	...	...
One-parent-family households	35	...	...	15	...	...	331,395	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	50,790	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	0	...	...	5	...	...	66,750	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	35	...	...	20	...	...	139,280	...	...	45	...	...
One-person households	145	...	...	200	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	115	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	590	275	315	410	215	195	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	490	245	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	565	265	300	405	210	190	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	475	240	240
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	46,800	45,600	22,600	22,600	22,600	40,800	44,800	37,200	42,400	40,800	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	565	265	300	405	210	190	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	475	240	240
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	39,600	39,200	22,400	22,400	22,400	36,400	39,200	33,600	36,800	35,200	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	525	250	280	235	135	105	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	455	225	230
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	44,400	42,000	21,400	21,400	21,200	33,600	39,600	28,000	33,600	36,400	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	440	215	230	200	115	85	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	425	215	210
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	42,400	42,400	22,600	21,600	23,400	36,000	40,400	31,600	32,000	32,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450	205	245	385	200	185	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	375	175	205
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	6,650	8,500	14,500	13,400	15,300	11,500	10,200	12,300	9,100	8,900	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50	20	25	25	20	10	837,635	441,080	396,550	60	30	35
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,040	5,280	5,680	x	x	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,600	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	170	95	75	130	70	55	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	200	105	95
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	5,480	7,750	8,000	9,800	6,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	10,000	9,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	545	250	295	390	200	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	520	265	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	520	245	270	390	200	190	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	505	255	250
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,600	66,500	64,500	30,400	32,000	28,600	51,160	57,550	44,960	58,800	65,500	51,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	520	245	270	390	200	190	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	505	255	250
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	52,000	48,800	27,300	28,200	26,400	41,840	45,760	38,000	46,000	48,800	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	465	225	235	230	120	115	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	485	250	235
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,200	65,500	65,000	27,200	32,500	21,600	45,480	52,900	38,000	52,800	60,000	45,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	415	205	205	195	105	90	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	455	245	215
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,600	59,200	60,400	26,400	28,800	23,600	46,240	51,950	40,040	52,800	58,000	46,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	410	190	220	370	190	180	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	400	195	205
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,080	8,800	9,300	14,850	13,000	16,800	12,410	11,500	13,220	9,960	9,700	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30	0	20	30	20	0	837,180	441,665	395,515	60	40	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	...	6,000	5,600	4,800	...	7,040	6,380	7,780	5,800	4,600	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	95	55	125	70	60	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	225	125	105
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,100	7,200	7,000	10,400	10,000	10,800	8,130	7,910	8,390	10,000	10,200	9,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	545	250	295	390	200	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	520	265	255
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	210	105	105	85	50	40	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	220	115	105
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500	76,500	73,000	38,400	40,800	32,400	58,400	62,800	53,600	64,500	64,500	64,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,000	86,000	88,000	36,000	37,000	36,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	84,000	100,000	69,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	160	75	80	80	45	35	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	205	115	90
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	14,600	19,600	15,700	14,400	17,000	18,600	21,400	16,600	15,800	25,400	11,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,600	34,000	23,200	19,500	19,000	20,000	28,160	32,120	24,360	22,200	22,400	21,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.0	90.0	88.0	54.0	62.0	44.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	86.0	88.0	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.5	75.0	72.0	43.0	48.0	39.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	81.0	84.0	77.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.1	10.4	11.8	46.4	39.0	55.0	20.1	15.8	25.6	13.5	11.4	16.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	x	0.6	1.6	1.6	x	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.2	1.2	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.6	4.6	2.7	12.7	12.2	13.4	5.4	4.8	6.1	8.1	8.0	8.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	4.2	2.2	11.2	11.0	12.0	4.6	4.3	5.1	7.6	7.6	7.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	590	275	315	410	215	195	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	485	245	240
Without total income	25	10	10	10	0	0	179,955	87,650	92,310	15	5	5
With total income	565	265	300	400	210	195	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	475	235	235
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	20	25	40	15	20	462,400	204,245	258,155	25	15	10
$10,000 to $19,999	55	25	35	95	60	35	809,375	334,315	475,065	40	25	20
$20,000 to $29,999	65	30	35	125	55	70	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	90	45	45
$30,000 to $39,999	65	25	35	60	30	30	896,520	414,070	482,445	65	30	35
$40,000 to $49,999	65	35	30	45	25	15	849,005	411,680	437,325	50	20	30
$50,000 to $59,999	40	15	30	15	10	5	687,020	345,720	341,305	50	25	25
$60,000 to $69,999	35	15	20	5	0	0	503,110	271,695	231,415	40	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	40	20	20	10	0	5	367,455	208,475	158,980	25	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	15	5	0	0	284,690	158,760	125,930	25	10	15
$90,000 to $99,999	25	10	10	5	5	0	198,140	112,355	85,780	15	15	0
$100,000 and over	85	45	40	0	0	0	556,780	365,700	191,080	55	30	20
$100,000 to $149,999	55	35	25	0	0	0	385,890	245,635	140,260	30	15	15
$150,000 and over	25	15	15	0	0	0	170,890	120,065	50,820	25	20	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	590	275	315	410	215	195	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	485	245	240
Without after-tax income	25	10	10	10	0	0	177,960	86,610	91,355	15	5	5
With after-tax income	565	265	300	400	210	195	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	475	235	235
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55	25	30	40	15	20	495,035	214,000	281,030	30	20	10
$10,000 to $19,999	60	25	35	95	60	35	853,250	356,480	496,765	50	25	20
$20,000 to $29,999	85	35	45	140	65	80	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	110	55	55
$30,000 to $39,999	90	40	50	65	35	30	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	75	30	40
$40,000 to $49,999	60	20	40	25	10	15	994,235	505,970	488,265	70	35	35
$50,000 to $59,999	65	30	30	10	5	10	691,015	372,870	318,145	45	15	30
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	20	5	0	0	459,665	251,490	208,170	30	5	20
$70,000 to $79,999	40	20	20	10	5	5	292,135	160,985	131,150	15	15	0
$80,000 to $89,999	35	15	15	0	0	0	174,905	104,610	70,295	15	10	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	0	0	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	5	5	5
$100,000 and over	40	20	15	0	0	0	229,765	156,750	73,020	30	20	10
$100,000 to $124,999	20	10	10	0	0	0	119,125	78,615	40,515	10	10	5
$125,000 and over	20	10	5	0	0	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	15	15	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	590	275	315	410	215	195	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	485	245	240
Without employment income	145	60	85	210	100	110	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	65	30	40
With employment income	445	215	225	200	110	85	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	420	220	205
Under $5,000 (including loss)	75	45	35	25	15	10	644,075	331,770	312,300	50	35	20
$5,000 to $9,999	20	5	15	30	15	15	401,185	180,585	220,595	50	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	40	25	20	35	20	15	603,350	273,725	329,620	55	25	25
$20,000 to $29,999	50	20	30	30	15	10	495,105	228,670	266,435	45	15	25
$30,000 to $39,999	25	20	10	30	15	10	488,000	239,620	248,380	35	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	20	25	15	10	485,845	242,230	243,610	35	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	25	10	0	10	403,980	217,425	186,560	25	20	10
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	0	0	0	320,700	184,770	135,935	35	10	20
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	10	10	0	5	250,635	147,020	103,615	20	10	15
$80,000 to $89,999	25	15	15	0	0	0	218,100	120,085	98,020	15	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	20	15	10	0	0	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	15	10	0
$100,000 and over	60	35	30	0	0	0	422,055	285,910	136,145	45	25	20
$100,000 to $124,999	30	15	10	0	0	0	205,085	133,500	71,585	15	5	10
$125,000 and over	30	20	10	0	0	0	216,965	152,410	64,555	30	25	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	590	275	315	410	215	195	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	490	245	245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	555	260	295	390	210	185	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	465	230	235
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	45,600	42,000	20,400	20,000	20,600	38,400	43,200	34,000	39,200	39,200	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	555	260	295	390	210	185	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	465	230	235
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	38,800	36,800	20,200	20,000	20,400	34,000	37,600	30,600	35,200	35,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	520	240	275	235	130	110	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	445	220	220
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	42,800	38,400	20,400	21,600	19,000	34,800	40,400	29,200	37,200	38,400	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	430	210	220	190	105	85	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	400	195	205
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	41,200	42,400	20,800	22,000	19,600	36,400	41,200	31,800	37,200	38,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	395	175	220	360	190	175	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	335	150	180
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,240	2,220	3,760	10,400	9,100	14,200	7,800	5,640	9,100	1,460	1,440	1,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	45	30	15	25	15	5	727,165	390,255	336,910	25	15	10
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	5,120	x	3,320	x	x	5,000	4,760	5,280	5,320	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	545	250	295	390	200	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	520	265	255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	500	235	265	380	200	185	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	500	255	245
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,000	68,000	56,800	26,100	27,200	25,000	48,600	55,500	41,880	55,400	64,000	46,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	500	235	265	380	200	185	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	500	255	245
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	47,200	44,000	23,000	23,600	22,400	39,600	44,000	35,320	43,400	48,400	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	445	205	235	215	115	95	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	470	245	230
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,800	71,500	58,800	28,000	30,400	25,200	45,920	53,800	37,920	55,600	65,000	45,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	385	190	200	185	105	80	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	440	225	210
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,200	62,000	60,400	25,400	24,800	26,400	46,240	52,450	39,520	55,000	64,500	44,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	345	155	195	345	180	165	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	345	170	180
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,960	7,100	6,850	11,520	10,100	13,100	9,450	8,430	10,320	3,820	2,220	5,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45	30	0	20	20	0	727,815	390,880	336,935	30	0	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,600	...	9,000	9,000	...	7,020	5,975	8,230	6,000	...	6,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	545	250	295	390	200	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	520	265	255
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	205	100	105	85	50	40	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	220	110	105
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	63,200	66,000	29,000	29,200	14,400	54,800	60,000	49,200	54,800	55,600	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,000	82,000	79,000	28,400	32,000	24,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	80,000	100,000	60,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145	70	75	75	45	30	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	185	95	85
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	22,200	16,200	15,900	13,300	x	23,600	27,200	21,000	17,800	20,400	17,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,500	42,000	24,000	25,000	16,500	36,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	29,400	31,600	27,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.0	92.0	60.0	66.0	52.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	95.0	98.0	92.0
Employment income (%)	76.5	73.0	80.0	48.0	48.0	46.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	88.0	90.0	84.0
Government transfers (%)	7.8	6.8	8.8	40.0	33.5	48.0	14.9	10.8	20.2	4.8	2.4	8.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	1.0	x	2.0	3.6	...	1.6	1.3	2.0	0.6	x	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	345	...	...	290	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	25,400	...	...	72,500	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	25,200	...	...	63,200	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	140	...	...	200	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	120	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	21,200	...	...	38,800	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	21,200	...	...	34,400	...	...	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	205	...	...	95	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	70,500	...	...	97,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	62,400	...	...	83,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	39,200	...	...	92,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	35,200	...	...	75,200	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	125	...	...	215	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,000	...	...	25,400	...	...	47,680	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,000	...	...	24,000	...	...	39,640	...	...	52,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	195	...	...	90	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	160	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	62,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	345	...	...	290	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	0	...	...	35,920	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	23,880	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	52,080	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	82,470	...	...	0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	80	...	...	218,185	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	144,420	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	143,285	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	172,005	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	174,790	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	166,990	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	310,880	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	280,505	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	35	...	...	25	...	...	255,770	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	235,235	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	208,320	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	135	...	...	20	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	95	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	45	...	...	5	...	...	414,805	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	282,590	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	35	...	...	5	...	...	307,835	...	...	25	...	...
$200,000 and over	35	...	...	0	...	...	239,060	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	345	...	...	290	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	280	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	0	...	...	40,590	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10	...	...	24,960	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	53,600	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	87,695	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	80	...	...	234,875	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	177,135	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	180,150	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	213,760	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	210,280	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	193,530	...	...	15	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	356,325	...	...	25	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	15	...	...	322,530	...	...	30	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	15	...	...	289,580	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	254,885	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	216,370	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	90	...	...	20	...	...	892,775	...	...	70	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	40	...	...	10	...	...	387,835	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	225,830	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	35	...	...	0	...	...	279,105	...	...	20	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	175	...	...	80	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	125	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	63,600	...	...	98,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	57,600	...	...	84,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	25	...	...	991,710	...	...	75	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	50,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	35,600	...	...	72,500	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	25	...	...	907,765	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	71,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	25	...	...	368,845	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	60,800	...	...	69,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	52,800	...	...	61,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	205	95	110	235	140	90	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	235	125	110
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	37,200	44,400	21,400	21,400	21,400	36,800	39,200	34,800	40,400	40,000	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	31,600	37,600	21,400	21,400	21,400	33,200	34,800	31,600	34,800	34,000	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	180	...	...	70	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	25	...	...	992,110	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	15	...	...	909,160	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	151,200	...	...	220,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	121,300	...	...	160,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	25	...	...	367,155	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	44,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	40,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	150	65	85	260	140	120	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	250	140	105
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,000	52,000	68,000	28,600	30,400	26,400	45,480	48,000	42,920	52,400	52,000	54,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	44,000	48,000	26,200	26,800	25,200	38,040	39,400	36,640	42,400	41,000	44,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	670	320	350	460	240	215	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	535	275	265
0 to 17 years	105	50	55	60	30	30	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	60	35	25
0 to 5 years	20	10	5	20	10	5	515,725	264,785	250,935	25	20	5
18 to 64 years	455	220	235	260	155	110	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	435	220	215
65 years and over	105	45	60	135	60	75	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	45	20	25
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	85	40	40	215	115	100	992,235	463,295	528,940	60	30	25
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	20	10	10	159,530	82,000	77,530	10	0	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	10	0	5	53,105	27,240	25,870	5	0	0
18 to 64 years	55	25	20	95	65	30	515,470	256,435	259,035	45	30	20
65 years and over	20	10	15	105	45	60	317,235	124,865	192,370	5	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.2	13.2	11.2	46.8	48.0	46.0	11.9	11.2	12.7	10.8	12.0	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	12.0	x	28.0	25.0	36.0	9.7	9.7	9.7	12.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	30.0	x	60.0	10.3	10.3	10.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	12.0	10.0	36.0	42.0	28.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	10.4	13.0	8.0
65 years and over (%)	19.0	20.0	18.0	76.0	76.0	76.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	12.0	x	16.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	670	315	355	460	245	220	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	540	275	260
0 to 17 years	110	55	55	60	30	35	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	60	35	25
0 to 5 years	20	15	10	20	10	10	511,400	262,535	248,860	20	15	5
18 to 64 years	455	220	235	265	155	105	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	435	225	210
65 years and over	110	45	60	135	60	80	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	40	20	25
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	70	40	35	170	95	80	439,850	223,055	216,795	65	45	25
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	15	5	10	61,665	31,610	30,060	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	5	0	5	19,815	10,190	9,630	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	55	30	25	85	60	25	313,970	167,015	146,955	60	40	20
65 years and over	15	10	5	70	25	45	64,210	24,430	39,780	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.2	12.0	10.0	36.8	38.5	35.0	5.3	5.4	5.2	12.0	15.6	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	x	x	24.0	16.0	30.0	3.8	3.8	3.8	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6	13.0	10.0	32.5	40.0	22.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	14.0	18.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0	12.0	10.0	52.0	44.0	56.0	4.0	3.3	4.7	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	670	320	350	460	245	215	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	535	275	265
In bottom half of the distribution	340	155	185	410	215	195	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	320	165	150
In bottom decile	90	45	40	215	115	100	851,840	407,705	444,140	90	55	35
In second decile	50	20	30	55	35	25	920,490	434,730	485,760	75	30	50
In third decile	65	35	35	70	30	35	969,255	471,650	497,600	50	30	25
In fourth decile	50	25	25	40	15	20	978,345	482,760	495,590	60	25	30
In fifth decile	85	30	55	30	15	15	947,090	473,285	473,810	40	25	20
In top half of the distribution	330	160	165	50	30	20	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	220	110	110
In sixth decile	55	25	25	15	10	0	899,660	454,970	444,690	30	10	20
In seventh decile	70	35	40	15	5	5	837,225	425,400	411,830	45	25	25
In eighth decile	65	35	30	10	5	5	752,410	383,450	368,955	40	20	20
In ninth decile	70	35	35	0	0	0	634,425	325,700	308,730	60	35	30
In top decile	70	30	40	0	0	0	517,725	267,160	250,565	40	20	20
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	670	...	...	460	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	540	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.335	...	...	0.334	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.336	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.410	...	...	0.622	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.291	...	...	0.297	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.295	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.5	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	670	320	355	460	240	220	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	560	295	265
English only	100	45	60	110	55	60	445,575	228,840	216,735	25	10	10
French only	70	25	40	100	55	45	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	95	50	40
English and French	495	250	245	230	130	100	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	440	230	210
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	20	5	15	82,075	35,200	46,875	0	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	670	320	355	460	240	220	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	560	295	265
English	285	140	145	175	90	85	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	75	30	45
French	330	150	175	230	120	105	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	475	255	220
English and French	45	25	20	40	25	20	329,515	169,050	160,465	5	5	0
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	15	5	10	79,000	33,590	45,410	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	670	320	355	460	240	220	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	560	295	265
Single responses	625	295	330	425	220	210	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	540	280	255
Official languages	445	210	235	200	105	100	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	495	260	235
English	175	85	90	85	40	40	639,365	323,170	316,195	55	25	30
French	265	120	145	115	60	55	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	440	240	205
Non-official languages	180	85	95	225	115	115	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	40	20	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	180	85	95	225	115	110	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	35	20	10	233,220	122,895	110,320	0	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,330	620	705	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,275	595	680	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	15	30	15	10	204,600	107,735	96,865	0	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	0	0	0
Arabic	35	15	15	30	15	10	198,785	104,765	94,020	0	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	25	10	15	37,425	17,185	20,240	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	25	10	15	28,630	13,180	15,450	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0	10	0	10	25,580	10,200	15,375	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	175	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	205	385	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	10	0	10	17,710	7,005	10,705	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	15	10	5	62,640	28,375	34,265	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	5	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	18,350	9,425	8,925	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	5	5	14,235	7,030	7,205	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	105	45	60	100	50	50	595,790	290,670	305,115	25	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	5	5	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	25	10	15	68,295	30,855	37,435	10	10	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	25	10	15	67,565	30,570	36,995	10	10	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	5	5	5	12,495	5,380	7,120	5	5	0
Russian	5	5	5	15	5	10	31,700	14,115	17,590	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	5	5	34,080	16,735	17,345	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	20	10	10	101,450	52,780	48,665	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	15	5	5	63,025	33,465	29,555	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	10	5	5	12,140	6,220	5,920	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	5	5	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	10	5	5	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	5	5	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	20	35	45	20	25	346,000	167,870	178,130	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	0	0	0	90,940	44,080	46,865	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	5	5	0	5	41,545	19,890	21,650	5	0	0
Romanian	20	5	10	5	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	15	35	20	15	177,155	86,490	90,660	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	5	0	5	6,670	2,860	3,815	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	33,495	16,630	16,865	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	490	490	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	5	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	0	5	3,420	1,530	1,895	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	5	5	0	270	175	95	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	5	0	5	3,940	2,100	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	5	0	875	470	410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	5	0	5	87,540	40,170	47,375	0	0	0
Chinese languages	20	10	10	5	0	5	87,155	39,990	47,160	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	10	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	25	20	35	25	10	308,550	155,455	153,095	25	10	10
English and French	20	5	10	5	5	0	126,405	64,585	61,820	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	10	10	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	10	5	94,205	46,880	47,320	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	670	320	355	460	240	220	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	560	295	265
English	210	100	110	85	45	40	623,305	313,780	309,520	45	20	25
French	225	100	125	105	65	45	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	415	225	190
Non-official language	30	15	20	70	30	40	366,730	177,410	189,315	5	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	20	70	30	40	343,650	165,830	177,825	5	0	0
English and French	75	35	40	35	20	10	497,380	256,735	240,645	55	25	25
English and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	40	20	20	205,755	102,290	103,470	10	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	70	35	30	375,795	179,585	196,210	20	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	55	25	30	284,940	141,275	143,665	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	20,125	9,545	10,585	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	670	320	355	460	240	220	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	560	295	265
Single responses	615	290	330	395	215	185	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	550	285	260
Official languages	555	255	295	275	160	115	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	540	285	255
English	270	135	140	120	70	55	874,185	438,570	435,615	75	35	45
French	285	125	155	155	95	70	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	460	250	210
Non-official languages	65	30	35	115	50	65	662,615	322,860	339,750	5	5	5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	30	35	115	50	65	628,365	305,820	322,555	5	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	15	10	5	116,685	59,645	57,040	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	15	10	5	104,890	53,505	51,380	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	5	15	10	5	102,120	52,125	49,990	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	30	15	20	24,500	11,410	13,090	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	30	15	20	19,595	9,185	10,405	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	13,845	6,335	7,515	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	26,985	11,815	15,170	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	13,800	6,935	6,865	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	5	0	5	11,215	5,465	5,755	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	20	50	20	30	336,635	164,100	172,535	10	5	5
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	15	5	10	39,725	18,855	20,870	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5	15	5	10	39,575	18,795	20,775	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	5	4,795	2,110	2,685	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5	0	10	22,770	10,815	11,960	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	115	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	15	5	5	74,455	38,045	36,410	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	46,420	24,225	22,195	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	5	5	5	8,760	4,360	4,405	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	445	430	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0	5	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0	5	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	5	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	20	10	15	182,585	88,060	94,525	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	0	0	0
Portuguese	5	0	0	5	0	5	20,885	9,965	10,920	0	0	0
Romanian	0	5	5	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	5	15	5	15	112,915	55,870	57,050	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	235	245	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	5	5	0	850	445	410	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	410	525	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	5	0	5	67,120	31,725	35,390	0	0	0
Chinese languages	15	10	5	5	0	5	66,880	31,610	35,275	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	5	5	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	85	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	30	20	60	30	30	357,245	176,070	181,175	10	5	5
English and French	30	10	15	20	10	10	137,120	69,025	68,095	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	10	5	10	60,495	29,540	30,950	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	30	15	15	116,595	56,445	60,150	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0	0	0	39,875	19,575	20,300	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	670	315	355	460	245	215	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	560	295	265
None	505	240	270	305	165	140	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	470	250	225
English	50	15	30	30	15	10	353,690	183,470	170,225	30	15	10
French	30	15	15	25	15	10	259,425	127,380	132,040	15	0	10
Non-official language	40	25	20	55	25	30	269,715	129,830	139,890	25	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	25	20	55	25	30	264,405	127,330	137,070	25	15	10
English and French	5	5	5	10	5	5	61,955	31,425	30,525	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	10	5	10	76,755	38,765	37,990	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	10	10	5	55,860	26,915	28,945	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	5	19,290	9,695	9,595	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	640	310	325	445	225	215	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	560	280	275
Official languages	625	305	320	415	220	195	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	560	280	275
English	600	290	305	310	175	140	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	490	270	225
French	525	260	260	320	170	155	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	545	270	275
Non-official languages	310	165	145	320	160	160	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	110	45	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	310	165	145	320	160	160	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	110	45	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30	60	40	20	385,210	201,105	184,100	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	15	0	2,145	990	1,160	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	15	15	0	2,025	925	1,100	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	45	25	20	363,875	190,005	173,870	10	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	0	0	0
Arabic	40	20	25	40	25	20	343,675	179,750	163,930	10	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	0	10	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	49,720	23,320	26,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	25	15	15	37,655	17,735	19,920	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	40,880	16,660	24,225	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	0	10	33,810	13,330	20,480	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	135,275	62,040	73,235	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	118,010	53,530	64,480	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10	17,995	8,440	9,560	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	25,390	13,070	12,320	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	15	0	10	20,050	9,955	10,100	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	195	100	95	160	75	90	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	100	35	65
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	30	10	20	10	10	95,385	45,060	50,330	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	30	10	20	10	10	94,580	44,695	49,885	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	0	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	0	0	0
Russian	35	20	15	10	0	10	55,485	26,345	29,135	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
High German languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105	10	0	0
German	15	10	0	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450	10	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	20	35	25	10	136,020	71,180	64,840	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10	90,745	48,355	42,395	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	25	15	10	10,640	5,590	5,050	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	10	35,765	19,145	16,620	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	55	55	90	40	50	684,830	324,095	360,735	95	35	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	0	0	0
Italian	20	20	0	20	20	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	20	15	0
Portuguese	10	0	10	15	0	10	65,605	33,005	32,600	15	10	0
Romanian	20	15	10	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	0	0	0
Spanish	75	35	40	65	35	30	453,905	210,400	243,505	65	20	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0	10	35	20	10	75,835	37,990	37,845	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	15	15	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	15	15	0	570	375	195	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	155	200	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	640	315	325	445	225	220	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	560	280	280
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	640	315	325	440	225	215	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	560	280	280
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	640	315	325	445	225	220	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	560	280	280
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	640	315	325	445	225	220	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	560	280	280
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
Owner	85	...	...	35	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	85	...	...
Renter	235	...	...	265	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	195	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
Condominium	55	...	...	25	...	...	515,590	...	...	50	...	...
Not condominium	265	...	...	275	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	25	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	75	...	...	175	...	...	623,295	...	...	125	...	...
2 bedrooms	120	...	...	95	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	80	...	...
3 bedrooms	80	...	...	0	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	50	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...	0	...	...	730,330	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	185	...	...	290	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	130	...	...
5 rooms	30	...	...	0	...	...	645,635	...	...	60	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	0	...	...	435,225	...	...	55	...	...
7 rooms	45	...	...	0	...	...	403,225	...	...	15	...	...
8 or more rooms	25	...	...	0	...	...	886,180	...	...	20	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	3.0	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
One person or fewer per room	315	...	...	300	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	285	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	0	...	...	48,315	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
Suitable	310	...	...	280	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	275	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	20	...	...	142,775	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
1960 or before	190	...	...	75	...	...	879,375	...	...	235	...	...
1961 to 1980	75	...	...	75	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	35	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	65	...	...	509,120	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	50	...	...	385,315	...	...	10	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	15	...	...	198,595	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	25	...	...	20	...	...	231,930	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	10	...	...	212,290	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	217,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	300	...	...	265	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	250	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	35	...	...	236,110	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
One-maintainer household	190	...	...	250	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	145	...	...
Two-maintainer household	125	...	...	45	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	115	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	10	...	...	89,875	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	15	...	...	117,525	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	50	...	...	35	...	...	525,540	...	...	85	...	...
35 to 44 years	65	...	...	45	...	...	647,165	...	...	65	...	...
45 to 54 years	80	...	...	35	...	...	628,630	...	...	35	...	...
55 to 64 years	50	...	...	60	...	...	760,395	...	...	45	...	...
65 to 74 years	60	...	...	60	...	...	629,965	...	...	30	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	35	...	...	336,170	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	20	...	...	103,640	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	310	...	...	300	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	285	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	230	...	...	250	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	220	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	85	...	...	50	...	...	595,690	...	...	65	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70	...	...	45	...	...	542,060	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	320	...	...	305	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	100	...	...	901,440	...	...	105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	70	...	...	45	...	...	537,090	...	...	55	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	15	...	...	112,775	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	25	...	...	179,840	...	...	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	10	...	...	41,740	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	215	...	...	205	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	180	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	295	...	...	300	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	275	...	...
In core need	30	...	...	55	...	...	218,275	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	270	...	...	245	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	80	...	...	40	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	85	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	81.3	...	...	75.0	...	...	62.2	...	...	76.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.0	...	...	37.5	...	...	10.0	...	...	41.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,160	...	...	1,230	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,200	...	...	1,200	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,580	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	440,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	780,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	680,000	...	...	400,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	840,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	235	...	...	265	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	200	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	43.4	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.3	...	...	13.2	...	...	25.2	...	...	15.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.0	...	...	18.9	...	...	11.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...	500	...	...	810	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	584	...	...	886	...	...	1,350	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	640	315	330	440	225	215	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	555	285	275
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	640	310	330	440	225	215	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	550	280	275
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	640	315	330	440	225	215	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	555	280	275
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	495	235	255	350	180	170	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	490	245	245
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	50	45	45	30	15	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	45	20	25
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	395	190	210	305	150	155	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	440	220	220
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	145	75	70	90	50	45	518,265	264,490	253,775	70	40	35
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	640	315	330	440	225	215	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	555	280	275
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	330	165	160	140	80	60	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	410	205	210
Immigrants⁸¹	255	115	140	245	120	130	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	100	60	40
Before 1980	30	10	20	45	35	10	187,200	91,895	95,300	20	10	15
1980 to 1990	15	0	0	45	15	35	124,610	61,850	62,755	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	50	20	25	65	25	40	190,495	91,635	98,860	10	10	0
2001 to 2010	60	25	35	45	30	20	312,210	150,825	161,390	25	15	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	95	45	50	45	20	25	396,090	192,745	203,340	40	25	15
2011 to 2015	15	0	10	30	15	15	193,345	93,485	99,855	15	0	10
2016 to 2021	75	45	35	15	0	10	202,740	99,260	103,480	30	20	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	60	30	30	60	30	30	205,770	113,500	92,275	45	20	30
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	255	115	135	245	115	125	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	100	60	45
Under 5 years	30	20	10	0	0	0	112,295	56,755	55,540	10	10	0
5 to 14 years	20	15	10	40	20	15	201,385	101,555	99,835	20	0	10
15 to 24 years	40	25	15	40	20	25	213,035	96,175	116,860	10	10	0
25 to 44 years	120	40	80	95	50	50	594,845	292,975	301,875	65	40	30
45 years and over	40	10	25	45	10	35	89,045	41,505	47,540	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	255	115	135	245	115	125	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	100	60	45
Americas	35	10	30	45	20	25	264,885	121,740	143,145	25	10	20
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	0	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	15	0	10	86,105	38,285	47,820	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	0	0	0
United States of America	15	0	15	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	15	0	10
Europe	85	35	45	40	20	20	309,015	154,110	154,910	65	40	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	0	0	0
France	25	0	15	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	55	35	20
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	0	0	0
Romania	15	10	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	10	0	10	11,690	4,865	6,825	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	0	0	0
Africa	45	30	15	45	20	25	302,010	153,655	148,355	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	10	10	0	675	330	350	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	20	0	20	118,820	60,455	58,360	0	0	0
Asia	80	40	45	120	60	60	332,925	158,445	174,475	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	20	0	15	31,350	11,835	19,515	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	30	10	15	25,485	11,580	13,900	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10	10	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15	0	10	10,910	5,350	5,560	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	80	45	35	10	0	10	202,740	99,265	103,480	25	25	0
Americas	10	0	10	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	10	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	0	0	0
Europe	20	15	10	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	25	20	0
France	15	0	10	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	25	20	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	0	0	0
Africa	25	15	10	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	0	0	0
Asia	25	15	10	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	640	315	325	445	225	220	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	560	280	280
First generation¹⁰⁰	335	150	190	310	155	155	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	165	85	80
Second generation¹⁰¹	130	85	45	65	35	35	883,485	446,000	437,490	70	30	45
Third generation or more¹⁰²	170	85	90	65	40	30	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	315	170	150
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	220	100	120	205	85	115	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	85	50	30
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	140	70	70	80	30	50	559,935	290,040	269,895	65	40	25
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	50	30	25	40	0	35	267,870	161,125	106,740	50	30	20
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	85	45	40	40	25	10	292,070	128,915	163,155	15	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	45	15	30	75	20	50	272,255	109,735	162,515	15	10	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	15	20	45	25	20	175,740	89,995	85,740	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	10	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	220	100	120	205	85	115	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	85	50	30
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	10	45	30	15	89,850	47,360	42,495	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	35	15	20	25	10	20	94,185	46,445	47,740	35	25	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	10	10	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25	10	10	10	0	10	48,805	27,680	21,130	15	10	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	130	60	70	115	45	70	756,120	358,700	397,420	25	15	15
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	640	315	325	445	225	220	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	560	280	280
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	225	110	115	290	145	145	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	60	35	25
South Asian	15	10	10	50	30	25	127,990	67,140	60,850	0	0	0
Chinese	30	15	20	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	0	0	0
Black	70	35	35	110	55	55	422,405	206,335	216,070	20	0	15
Filipino	0	0	0	25	0	10	44,885	19,300	25,580	0	0	0
Arab	35	20	10	40	20	15	280,075	146,990	133,085	10	10	0
Latin American	25	0	15	25	10	15	172,925	85,035	87,880	20	10	10
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	30	15	15	70,455	33,510	36,945	0	0	0
West Asian	20	10	10	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	410	205	210	150	85	70	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	500	250	250
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	640	310	325	445	225	215	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	555	280	275
Canadian	50	30	20	20	10	15	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	125	50	80
English	25	10	15	0	0	0	177,710	88,910	88,800	15	10	0
Irish	55	10	35	0	0	0	404,190	193,440	210,745	45	20	30
Scottish	35	15	20	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	35	20	15
French, n.o.s.¹²²	140	65	75	35	20	10	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	295	145	150
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	124,305	60,295	64,010	15	10	0
Chinese	25	10	15	15	10	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	10	0	0
Italian	15	10	10	0	0	0	316,315	157,600	158,720	20	10	15
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	0	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	0	0	0
Québécois	45	25	15	20	15	10	931,940	465,630	466,305	70	45	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	15	15	0
Filipino	0	0	0	25	15	15	43,580	18,815	24,760	0	0	0
French Canadian	15	0	10	0	0	0	588,805	290,630	298,180	10	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	15	10	0	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	20	0	15	10	10	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	0	0	0
Russian	25	15	10	15	0	10	47,195	21,990	25,200	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	15	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	15	0	15	64,385	32,135	32,255	0	0	0
American	15	0	15	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	10	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	20	10	10	77,735	37,960	39,775	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	10	0	0
Hungarian	25	15	10	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	15	0	10
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	10	0	10	15	10	10	73,930	36,725	37,205	0	0	0
Jewish	60	45	15	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	25	10	15	45,570	21,910	23,665	20	20	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	10	0	40	25	20	104,735	55,130	49,610	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	10	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	10	0	10	11,395	5,490	5,905	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	0	0	0
Romanian	30	20	10	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995	0	0	0
Lebanese	10	0	10	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	0	0	0
Iranian	10	0	10	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	15	0	10	156,065	73,495	82,570	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	25	10	15	8,930	4,805	4,125	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	15	15	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	0	0	0
Moroccan	25	0	15	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	15	10	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	10	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	15	10	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	15	15	0	2,090	975	1,110	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	10	0	10	9,305	4,260	5,040	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	0	0	0
Israeli	20	10	10	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	640	315	325	445	225	220	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	560	280	280
Buddhist	0	0	0	10	10	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	0	0	0
Christian	270	115	150	185	90	100	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	170	80	90
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	20	10	0	25	20	0	464,020	229,155	234,860	10	0	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	0	0	0
Catholic	170	65	100	105	45	60	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	150	75	75
Christian Orthodox	30	15	15	35	15	20	145,805	70,840	74,965	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	25	10	15	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	40	20	20	47,390	25,045	22,345	0	0	0
Jewish	65	35	30	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065	0	0	0
Muslim	45	25	20	80	50	25	421,710	218,255	203,455	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	240	125	115	120	50	70	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	365	190	180
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	640	315	330	440	225	215	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	555	280	275
Non-movers	510	245	260	425	210	210	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	410	195	220
Movers	135	70	65	15	10	0	945,290	466,750	478,540	140	80	60
Non-migrants	110	55	50	10	10	0	543,670	268,740	274,925	100	60	40
Migrants	25	15	15	0	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	35	20	20
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	30	20	10
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	25	20	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	10	0	0
External migrants	15	0	10	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	610	295	320	430	220	210	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	545	270	280
Non-movers	260	120	145	265	130	140	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	235	115	115
Movers	345	170	175	165	95	70	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	315	155	160
Non-migrants	135	60	70	90	55	35	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	160	80	85
Migrants	215	110	105	75	40	35	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	155	75	80
Internal migrants	95	50	50	30	20	15	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	105	50	55
Intraprovincial migrants	75	35	45	30	20	15	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	80	40	40
Interprovincial migrants	25	15	10	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	25	15	15
External migrants	115	60	55	45	20	25	320,090	166,115	153,975	50	25	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	545	250	295	390	200	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	520	265	260
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	15	20	110	55	55	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	20	10	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	515	235	280	280	145	135	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	505	255	250
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	365	160	205	210	110	95	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	390	205	180
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	0	0	0	60	40	20	642,800	382,415	260,380	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	365	160	205	150	70	80	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	390	205	180
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	545	250	295	390	195	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	520	265	255
No certificate, diploma or degree	30	15	15	105	50	55	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	10	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	80	40	35	100	50	50	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	60	35	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	435	195	240	180	100	90	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	445	220	225
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	120	60	60	110	65	45	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	140	95	40
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	0	10	35	25	10	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	15	15	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	10	20	15	0	793,030	427,220	365,815	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	15	0	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	85	45	40	55	25	30	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	95	65	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	15	10	25	20	0	252,815	102,150	150,665	30	15	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	315	135	180	75	35	40	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	305	125	180
Bachelor's degree	150	60	90	35	10	25	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	175	60	115
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	0	20	10	10	0	149,425	66,595	82,825	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940	0	0	0
Master's degree	110	50	55	15	10	10	360,795	174,150	186,645	120	60	60
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	25	20	10	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	370	165	205	210	110	100	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	385	205	185
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	60	40	20	525,155	303,815	221,345	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30	15	15	30	20	10	752,855	388,160	364,700	25	20	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	335	145	190	120	55	70	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	365	185	175
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	70	35	35	70	35	35	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	95	70	30
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	0	0	0	25	20	0	836,455	498,385	338,075	10	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	15	15	0	609,895	319,470	290,425	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	10	0	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	25	20	35	0	30	838,140	372,455	465,685	65	50	15
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	10	0	10	10	0	174,695	72,115	102,580	30	10	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	265	110	155	50	20	30	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	265	115	150
Bachelor's degree	135	50	80	25	0	20	802,755	343,100	459,650	140	50	90
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	15	15	10	0	119,460	50,155	69,310	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920	0	0	0
Master's degree	85	40	45	10	0	0	302,065	140,530	161,530	115	55	55
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	20	15	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	545	250	295	390	195	190	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	520	265	255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	110	55	55	205	100	105	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	75	45	30
Education	30	0	20	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	20	0	20
13. Education	30	0	20	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	20	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	25	25	15	10	0	166,900	75,420	91,480	80	40	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	25	25	15	10	0	143,365	58,875	84,490	75	35	40
Humanities	45	20	20	10	10	0	228,770	90,810	137,960	50	15	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	0	0	0
54. History	10	10	0	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	95	25	65	15	0	10	430,845	142,280	288,570	75	25	50
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	25	10	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	20	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	10	0	10
42. Psychology	15	0	15	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	35	10	25	10	0	10	134,510	67,065	67,440	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	105	40	65	30	10	20	950,820	357,290	593,535	60	25	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	100	40	65	30	10	20	894,690	344,770	549,925	55	25	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	15	0	25	15	15	158,655	83,605	75,050	20	20	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	15	15	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	15	0	10	10	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	10	0	10	0	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	55	45	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	10	0	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	45	45	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	65	45	20	35	30	10	866,885	778,835	88,060	50	40	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	15	10	10
14. Engineering	60	40	15	30	25	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10	0	10	20	0	20	515,215	101,455	413,760	35	0	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	20	0	20	470,150	78,875	391,275	30	0	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	25	10	10	291,295	157,925	133,365	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	15	0	10	154,335	42,710	111,625	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	10	10	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	365	165	205	210	115	95	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	385	205	180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35	15	15	90	60	30	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	25	20	0
Education	20	0	15	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	20	0	20
13. Education	20	0	15	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	20	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	30	15	15	10	0	0	129,065	58,170	70,895	60	35	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	30	15	15	10	0	0	110,860	45,555	65,305	55	30	25
Humanities	25	10	15	0	0	0	144,140	56,410	87,730	25	10	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60	10	45	0	0	0	334,475	103,635	230,840	60	25	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	20	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	15	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	10	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	25	10	15	0	0	0	101,105	49,385	51,720	15	0	10
Business, management and public administration	85	30	60	30	10	20	741,390	268,705	472,685	55	20	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	30	55	30	10	20	697,775	259,725	438,045	50	20	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	15	0	10	0	10	102,055	53,195	48,865	15	15	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	10	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	15	0	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	10	0	0	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	50	40	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	0	0	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	40	40	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	70	45	20	35	25	10	665,365	588,950	76,415	45	40	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	15	10	10
14. Engineering	60	40	20	25	20	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	0	0	0
Health and related fields	0	0	0	20	0	20	387,725	74,730	312,995	35	0	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	20	0	20	352,905	58,735	294,170	30	0	25
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	15	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	365	165	205	210	115	95	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	385	205	180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35	15	15	90	60	30	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	25	20	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	330	145	190	120	55	65	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	360	185	180
Location of study inside Canada	240	100	145	75	30	35	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	265	135	135
Same as province or territory of residence	215	80	130	75	30	35	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	250	135	120
Different than province or territory of residence	30	15	15	0	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	15	0	15
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	95	50	45	45	20	30	414,490	209,160	205,330	95	50	45
Americas	30	10	20	15	0	10	81,780	40,955	40,820	0	0	0
United States of America	20	10	20	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	0	0	0
Europe	30	20	10	15	0	0	138,260	74,045	64,210	85	40	45
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	85	40	40
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	10	10	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	0	0	0
Asia	25	15	10	15	0	10	96,865	43,055	53,805	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	545	250	295	390	195	190	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	520	265	255
In the labour force	385	175	210	190	100	90	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	440	235	205
Employed	365	175	195	160	85	75	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	395	215	185
Unemployed	25	0	20	35	15	15	335,015	176,245	158,775	45	15	25
Not in the labour force	160	75	85	195	95	100	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	80	30	50
Participation rate	70.6	70.0	71.2	48.7	51.3	47.4	64.1	67.4	60.9	84.6	88.7	80.4
Employment rate	67.0	70.0	66.1	41.0	43.6	39.5	59.3	62.3	56.3	76.0	81.1	72.5
Unemployment rate	6.5	0.0	9.5	18.4	15.0	16.7	7.6	7.7	7.4	10.2	6.4	12.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	545	250	295	390	195	190	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	520	265	255
Did not work¹⁸⁶	160	60	100	210	100	110	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	85	35	45
Worked	390	190	200	180	100	75	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	435	230	205
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	210	105	100	90	45	40	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	230	120	115
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	175	85	90	90	55	35	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	205	110	95
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	43.6	39.6	38.0	36.8	39.5	41.3	41.7	40.8	42.3	41.2	43.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	385	175	210	190	100	90	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	440	230	210
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	375	175	200	175	100	75	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	435	230	205
Employee	325	150	170	155	90	70	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	340	175	165
Permanent position	250	130	125	125	60	60	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	260	145	115
Temporary position	70	25	50	30	25	10	623,510	296,655	326,850	75	25	50
Fixed term (1 year or more)	35	10	30	15	10	0	217,905	94,210	123,700	35	10	25
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	20	20	20	15	0	405,605	202,450	203,155	40	15	25
Self-employed¹⁹²	50	20	30	15	10	10	530,720	324,555	206,165	95	55	40
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	385	175	210	190	100	90	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	440	230	210
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	375	175	200	175	100	75	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	435	230	205
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	10	0	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	105	30	70	25	20	10	778,905	256,150	522,760	65	25	40
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	65	55	15	10	10	0	360,495	272,510	87,985	75	60	15
3 Health occupations	10	0	10	25	0	25	359,665	70,075	289,590	15	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	85	15	65	0	0	0	558,725	166,020	392,700	65	0	60
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	30	15	10	0	0	0	146,560	72,400	74,165	75	55	25
6 Sales and service occupations	60	40	20	70	40	30	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	105	65	40
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10	0	0	25	15	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	20	15	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	15	15	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	385	175	210	190	100	90	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	440	230	210
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	0	10	10	0	10	90,550	43,585	46,970	10	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	375	175	200	175	100	75	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	435	230	205
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	0	0	0
23 Construction	10	0	0	0	0	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	10	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	25	25	0	30	20	10	449,115	320,715	128,405	15	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	15	0	15	0	0	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	30	10	15	20	15	0	514,090	248,905	265,185	20	0	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	0	10	10	0	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	25	10	10	0	0	0	94,130	57,495	36,630	45	40	0
52 Finance and insurance	30	15	20	10	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	20	0	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	60	25	30	15	0	10	345,345	193,365	151,985	110	75	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	20	15	0	20	15	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	25	10	10
61 Educational services	65	30	35	10	0	0	340,885	104,300	236,590	30	0	25
62 Health care and social assistance	25	0	25	25	0	25	617,200	122,675	494,525	35	10	25
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20	0	10	15	15	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	20	0	15
72 Accommodation and food services	0	0	0	10	0	0	232,480	109,950	122,530	65	40	25
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	10	10	10	0	10	190,470	89,730	100,735	20	0	15
91 Public administration	10	10	0	0	0	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	10	0	10
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	405	195	210	190	115	75	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	450	235	210
English	100	60	35	35	20	15	350,525	195,385	155,145	20	15	10
French	65	30	40	55	30	20	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	185	75	110
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	0	0	0
English and French	210	85	125	80	50	30	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	240	140	95
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	25	10	15	52,970	26,700	26,265	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	405	195	210	190	115	75	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	450	235	210
Single responses	350	165	190	175	105	70	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	430	220	210
Official languages	350	165	190	175	105	70	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	430	220	210
English	195	105	90	70	35	30	668,485	365,785	302,695	70	40	35
French	160	60	100	105	70	40	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	355	180	170
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	50	35	25	20	10	10	269,365	142,370	126,995	20	20	0
English and French	45	25	25	20	10	10	249,945	132,640	117,300	20	20	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	405	195	210	190	115	75	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	450	235	210
None	225	125	100	105	60	40	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	230	105	120
English	85	25	55	40	25	15	720,960	391,075	329,885	165	100	65
French	80	35	45	30	20	10	302,145	161,340	140,805	50	25	25
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	10	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	10	0	10	11,070	6,110	4,970	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	365	175	190	160	85	75	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	400	215	185
Worked at home	200	90	105	30	20	15	897,770	435,285	462,480	185	100	85
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	15	0	0	10	10	0	442,035	333,730	108,305	20	10	0
Usual place of work	155	80	75	120	60	60	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	195	95	95
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	160	80	75	120	60	60	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	195	100	95
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	125	60	65	95	45	45	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	165	90	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	0	0	10	0	0	419,210	203,335	215,875	15	0	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	15	0	20	0	15	823,150	442,385	380,765	15	0	10
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	170	85	85	130	65	65	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	210	110	105
Car, truck or van	50	30	20	50	25	25	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	95	50	45
Car, truck or van - as a driver	50	30	20	45	20	25	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	85	50	35
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	10	0	10
Public transit	60	35	25	55	30	30	287,345	120,460	166,885	45	20	30
Walked	45	15	35	25	10	10	178,645	78,570	100,075	30	20	15
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	40	20	20
Other method	10	0	10	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	170	85	85	130	65	65	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	210	110	105
Less than 15 minutes	25	10	20	10	0	0	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	45	25	20
15 to 29 minutes	55	25	30	75	30	40	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	80	45	40
30 to 44 minutes	50	30	25	15	10	0	635,870	363,430	272,445	50	20	25
45 to 59 minutes	15	0	0	0	0	0	235,140	133,720	101,425	35	25	10
60 minutes and over	20	15	10	30	25	10	206,480	126,635	79,840	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	170	85	85	130	65	65	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	210	110	105
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	0	0	10	10	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15	10	0	25	15	0	569,745	368,480	201,265	35	25	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	15	30	35	15	20	935,640	441,465	494,170	50	10	40
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	25	30	20	10	10	626,895	259,220	367,675	55	25	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	15	10	0	0	0	0	330,930	142,495	188,435	50	25	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	20	15	45	25	20	489,685	284,160	205,530	25	20	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	105	55	55	60	30	30	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	60	35	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	20	20	10	10	5	303,835	156,030	147,805	10	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	35	35	50	20	25	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	50	30	20
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	90	45	45	45	20	25	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	45	20	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	15	20	5	5	5	230,080	118,075	112,005	10	0	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	30	15	15	5	5	0	175,305	90,000	85,305	5	0	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	0	0	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	25	30	35	15	20	992,895	508,315	484,580	35	15	15

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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