Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660582More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24661647More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	871	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	894	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	341	...	...	976,966	...	...	544	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	326	...	...	910,359	...	...	511	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	11,754.4	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	12,538.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.07	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.07	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	870	430	445	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	895	465	430
0 to 14 years	175	95	75	309,765	158,545	151,225	110	55	55
0 to 4 years	50	30	25	99,195	50,760	48,435	45	20	25
5 to 9 years	65	40	30	106,985	54,660	52,320	35	20	10
10 to 14 years	55	25	25	103,590	53,120	50,470	25	15	15
15 to 64 years	595	290	305	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	720	385	335
15 to 19 years	60	30	30	97,525	49,340	48,180	20	5	10
20 to 24 years	75	40	35	140,025	70,895	69,125	45	20	20
25 to 29 years	55	25	25	165,525	83,630	81,895	145	70	75
30 to 34 years	60	25	30	157,725	78,995	78,730	140	80	65
35 to 39 years	80	35	45	149,265	74,115	75,155	115	60	55
40 to 44 years	65	25	35	142,365	70,920	71,445	85	45	40
45 to 49 years	55	30	30	125,505	62,690	62,815	65	40	20
50 to 54 years	65	30	30	121,710	61,735	59,975	35	15	20
55 to 59 years	50	25	25	125,465	63,810	61,655	45	20	25
60 to 64 years	45	25	20	118,065	57,920	60,140	25	20	5
65 years and over	100	40	60	351,325	151,210	200,120	60	25	35
65 to 69 years	25	10	15	99,325	46,730	52,595	25	10	15
70 to 74 years	20	5	15	86,030	39,185	46,845	15	5	10
75 to 79 years	25	10	15	63,215	27,320	35,895	15	5	5
80 to 84 years	20	10	10	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	0	0
85 years and over	10	5	10	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	5	5	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.1	22.1	16.9	15.5	16.1	14.8	12.3	11.8	12.8
15 to 64 years	68.4	67.4	68.5	67.0	68.5	65.6	80.4	82.8	77.9
65 years and over	11.5	9.3	13.5	17.5	15.4	19.6	6.7	5.4	8.1
85 years and over	1.1	1.2	2.2	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.6	0.0	1.2
Average age of the population	36.9	35.4	38.4	41.0	39.8	42.1	36.0	36.3	35.6
Median age of the population	36.0	34.4	37.6	39.6	38.4	40.4	34.8	35.2	34.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	510	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	130	...	...	110,440	...	...	25	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	195	...	...	479,885	...	...	480	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	330	...	...	910,355	...	...	515	...	...
1 person	85	...	...	367,400	...	...	280	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	271,730	...	...	135	...	...
3 persons	60	...	...	118,205	...	...	45	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	98,205	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	40	...	...	54,820	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	870	430	445	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	895	465	430
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	695	330	370	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	785	410	370
Married or living common-law	355	175	180	822,440	414,330	408,115	335	170	160
Married	330	165	165	577,060	289,455	287,600	70	35	35
Living common-law	25	10	10	245,385	124,870	120,510	260	135	130
Living common law - Never married	15	5	5	207,040	104,785	102,250	240	120	125
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	20	10	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	345	155	195	872,060	410,935	461,125	450	245	210
Not married and not living common law - Never married	250	130	120	627,845	333,150	294,700	380	215	165
Not married and not living common law - Separated	15	5	10	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	5	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	50	15	35	126,605	46,380	80,225	50	20	25
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	30	10	25	82,815	16,590	66,225	10	5	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	220	...	...	495,445	...	...	185	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	251,075	...	...	110	...	...
3 persons	55	...	...	107,265	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	93,300	...	...	35	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	43,810	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	225	...	...	495,445	...	...	190	...	...
Total couple families	165	...	...	395,645	...	...	165	...	...
Married couples	150	...	...	273,070	...	...	35	...	...
With children⁶	105	...	...	162,745	...	...	20	...	...
Without children	45	...	...	110,325	...	...	15	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	122,570	...	...	130	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	44,875	...	...	50	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	77,700	...	...	80	...	...
Total one-parent families	55	...	...	99,805	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	55	...	...	80,530	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	870	425	445	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	895	470	430
Total - Persons in census families	710	355	360	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	495	245	250
Married spouses or common-law partners	330	165	165	791,280	398,495	392,785	330	170	160
Parents in one-parent families	60	10	50	99,805	19,275	80,525	20	5	15
Children⁶	320	180	140	541,905	284,935	256,965	145	75	70
In a two-parent family	225	125	100	392,250	205,155	187,095	115	55	60
In a one-parent family	95	55	35	149,655	79,785	69,865	30	15	10
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	160	75	85	526,370	262,915	263,450	395	220	175
Living alone	90	40	45	367,395	175,660	191,740	280	140	135
Living with other relatives⁷	30	15	15	49,280	22,020	27,255	15	10	10
Living with non-relatives only	45	20	30	109,690	65,235	44,455	105	65	40
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	510	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	190	...	...	455,970	...	...	185	...	...
Couple-family households	145	...	...	370,250	...	...	160	...	...
With children⁶	95	...	...	194,165	...	...	70	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	176,085	...	...	95	...	...
One-parent-family households	45	...	...	85,720	...	...	15	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	25	...	...	55,210	...	...	45	...	...
One-person households	90	...	...	367,395	...	...	280	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	700	330	365	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	780	410	370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	655	310	345	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	760	400	360
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	33,600	30,200	37,600	39,600	36,000	48,800	50,400	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	655	310	345	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	760	400	360
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	31,000	28,600	34,000	35,200	32,800	41,600	43,200	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	560	275	285	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	730	375	350
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	20,800	26,600	18,400	31,000	35,200	27,000	43,600	47,600	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	465	245	225	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	680	350	330
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,200	29,600	21,000	32,800	36,000	29,600	41,200	45,600	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	575	260	315	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	600	305	295
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	8,100	13,700	10,800	9,600	12,000	8,000	7,050	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85	35	40	171,705	84,570	87,145	100	45	55
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,560	6,240	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,520	5,560	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	265	135	130	529,640	276,110	253,530	275	145	130
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	10,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	610	295	315	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	745	375	370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	580	275	310	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	730	370	360
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,800	38,000	30,400	53,250	60,050	46,760	64,200	67,200	61,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	580	275	310	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	730	370	360
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,500	32,400	27,200	42,520	46,280	38,960	50,600	52,800	48,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	470	235	230	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	710	360	350
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,100	32,400	23,600	48,960	57,350	40,640	59,300	64,800	53,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	355	200	155	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	655	330	325
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,800	28,800	48,760	55,650	41,480	58,600	65,200	51,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	505	230	270	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	560	270	295
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	11,500	14,300	12,040	10,900	13,040	8,560	7,450	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70	40	30	171,360	84,435	86,925	85	40	45
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	6,400	9,500	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,000	4,400	7,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	190	105	85	528,305	276,300	252,005	240	135	105
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	10,000	9,200	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,500	9,600	9,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	610	300	315	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	745	375	370
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	160	85	70	514,340	278,505	235,830	305	170	140
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,800	53,600	40,000	60,000	63,600	56,000	76,500	76,500	79,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,000	55,000	42,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	83,000	90,000	74,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	155	90	65	504,455	247,565	256,895	340	155	180
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	13,400	18,800	8,700	16,400	17,400	15,500	26,000	29,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	22,800	20,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	38,800	41,000	36,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	66.5	74.0	58.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	89.6	92.0	87.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.0	71.0	48.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	81.6	86.0	77.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	33.2	25.6	42.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	10.3	7.9	13.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.6	2.6	2.8	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.0	0.7	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	10.7	11.0	10.4	6.4	5.9	7.0	5.2	5.3	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.2	10.0	8.4	5.7	5.4	6.0	4.8	5.0	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	695	330	370	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	785	410	370
Without total income	40	20	20	65,020	32,205	32,820	20	10	10
With total income	660	310	350	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	760	395	360
Under $10,000 (including loss)	85	45	45	138,250	65,670	72,580	25	10	10
$10,000 to $19,999	100	45	50	200,450	93,060	107,390	65	40	30
$20,000 to $29,999	120	45	80	286,825	131,235	155,595	115	55	60
$30,000 to $39,999	100	55	45	215,455	102,705	112,755	85	35	45
$40,000 to $49,999	75	30	50	181,505	86,460	95,040	100	50	50
$50,000 to $59,999	60	30	35	138,185	64,805	73,380	80	35	40
$60,000 to $69,999	40	20	20	100,060	48,510	51,550	70	40	30
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	40	20	20
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	58,400	30,060	28,335	40	20	25
$90,000 to $99,999	10	10	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	25	20	10
$100,000 and over	20	15	0	149,555	92,680	56,875	105	70	40
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	0	90,980	53,275	37,705	75	50	25
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	30	15	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	695	330	370	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	785	410	370
Without after-tax income	40	20	20	64,605	32,005	32,605	20	10	10
With after-tax income	660	310	350	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	760	395	360
Under $10,000 (including loss)	85	45	45	144,275	67,955	76,320	30	20	15
$10,000 to $19,999	110	45	60	210,975	98,495	112,480	75	40	35
$20,000 to $29,999	140	60	80	334,395	155,845	178,545	140	65	75
$30,000 to $39,999	120	60	60	257,145	124,835	132,315	120	60	60
$40,000 to $49,999	80	35	45	204,980	97,805	107,175	120	60	55
$50,000 to $59,999	55	30	25	139,760	67,315	72,450	95	50	45
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	20	93,705	46,700	47,005	50	25	20
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	61,765	31,815	29,945	45	25	20
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	0	38,975	21,640	17,335	35	20	10
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	73,695	48,025	25,665	45	25	20
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	30	15	10
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	15	10	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	695	330	370	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	785	410	370
Without employment income	230	90	140	495,060	212,405	282,660	100	60	40
With employment income	465	240	225	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	680	350	330
Under $5,000 (including loss)	70	35	35	167,560	82,405	85,155	65	30	30
$5,000 to $9,999	65	30	35	111,575	52,975	58,595	55	20	30
$10,000 to $19,999	80	40	35	151,350	72,815	78,530	85	35	50
$20,000 to $29,999	50	25	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	65	35	25
$30,000 to $39,999	35	20	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	55	20	30
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	30	104,250	51,950	52,300	60	40	20
$50,000 to $59,999	50	30	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	60	30	30
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	66,190	35,045	31,145	50	25	25
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	30	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	40	15	20
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	30	20	5
$100,000 and over	10	10	0	115,575	74,545	41,030	90	55	35
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	47,525	28,870	18,655	45	30	15
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	68,050	45,675	22,375	45	25	20
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	700	330	365	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	780	410	370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	630	300	330	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	740	390	345
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,400	27,200	27,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	44,800	45,200	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	630	300	330	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	740	390	345
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,000	25,800	26,200	31,000	32,800	29,400	38,800	38,800	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	535	260	275	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	700	365	335
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,600	28,200	21,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	42,000	47,600	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	450	230	220	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	655	340	315
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	29,800	27,200	33,600	36,800	30,400	40,800	47,200	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	520	230	290	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	540	270	265
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,880	2,620	8,100	4,440	2,760	7,300	1,940	1,820	2,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	60	35	25	114,940	56,080	58,855	70	35	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,120	4,320	4,040	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,720	3,520	7,450
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	610	295	315	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	745	375	370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	545	255	290	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	705	365	340
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,800	28,400	50,000	57,050	43,280	61,000	62,400	59,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	545	255	290	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	705	365	340
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,400	29,800	25,400	39,800	43,800	35,920	48,100	49,000	47,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	440	220	225	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	675	340	335
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,300	34,000	24,400	49,080	57,750	40,560	59,700	64,000	55,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	340	185	160	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	625	315	305
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	27,600	48,720	55,750	41,240	58,000	62,400	53,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	445	200	240	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	500	235	265
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	6,450	11,200	8,250	6,740	9,510	5,340	2,980	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50	25	20	114,595	55,675	58,915	60	30	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	5,200	10,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	11,600	4,000	19,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	610	300	315	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	745	375	370
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	150	80	70	507,645	274,575	233,070	305	170	140
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	38,400	46,000	36,800	54,400	58,400	50,400	67,500	67,500	70,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	42,000	48,000	35,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	71,500	78,000	63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	75	50	462,020	227,495	234,530	295	135	160
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	31,200	12,200	21,800	23,200	20,400	35,600	42,000	34,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	29,000	27,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	48,000	47,000	49,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	76.5	84.0	67.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	94.0	97.0	90.0
Employment income (%)	68.5	82.0	54.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	84.0	88.0	80.0
Government transfers (%)	23.6	15.0	33.0	12.8	8.6	18.2	6.2	3.1	9.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	1.6	2.8	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.7	0.5	2.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	330	...	...	910,355	...	...	515	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	66,000	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	56,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	90	...	...	367,395	...	...	280	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	34,000	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	235	...	...	542,960	...	...	230	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	495	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	92,700	...	...	94,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	74,100	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	105	...	...	367,255	...	...	270	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,500	...	...	40,640	...	...	51,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	195	...	...	543,100	...	...	230	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	330	...	...	910,355	...	...	515	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	18,165	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	25,730	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	57,720	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	25	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	40,595	...	...	25	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	41,545	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	42,630	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	20	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	75,485	...	...	40	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	67,695	...	...	35	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	60,495	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	54,055	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25	...	...	45,830	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 and over	75	...	...	270,265	...	...	170	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	85,635	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	56,205	...	...	40	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	62,095	...	...	40	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	66,335	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	330	...	...	910,355	...	...	515	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	19,710	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	27,485	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	63,030	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	49,660	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	48,815	...	...	30	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	51,055	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	50,890	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	47,120	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35	...	...	85,490	...	...	55	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	45	...	...	75,625	...	...	40	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	65,530	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	25	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	45,065	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	197,490	...	...	125	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	40	...	...	78,870	...	...	55	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	45,905	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	35	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	225	...	...	501,830	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	179,195	...	...	95	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	75,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	110	...	...	208,260	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	95,875	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	65,500	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	130	60	70	477,085	240,895	236,195	385	210	175
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	39,200	29,200	34,400	34,800	34,000	42,000	42,400	41,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	35,200	28,000	31,200	31,200	31,200	37,200	36,400	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	180	...	...	501,905	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	179,455	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	208,375	...	...	75	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	170,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	132,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	95,455	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	155	70	85	476,520	240,280	236,245	345	175	165
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,500	46,000	33,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	61,000	61,200	60,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,500	37,000	28,400	37,600	37,920	37,280	48,400	49,600	46,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	870	425	445	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	890	465	425
0 to 17 years	200	115	90	365,020	186,710	178,315	125	60	65
0 to 5 years	60	35	25	120,615	61,615	58,995	60	30	30
18 to 64 years	570	275	295	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	705	375	330
65 years and over	100	40	60	317,425	140,270	177,155	60	25	35
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	160	75	85	321,885	154,370	167,510	120	60	55
0 to 17 years	35	20	10	54,265	27,870	26,395	5	0	5
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	105	45	60	197,020	99,310	97,710	100	50	50
65 years and over	25	5	15	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.4	17.5	19.2	16.4	16.0	16.9	13.4	13.6	13.2
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	20.0	14.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	4.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	20.0	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	18.4	16.5	20.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	14.2	14.0	14.4
65 years and over (%)	22.0	20.0	24.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	24.0	30.0	20.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	870	425	445	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	895	470	430
0 to 17 years	200	110	90	365,025	186,705	178,315	130	65	65
0 to 5 years	65	35	25	120,610	61,615	58,995	60	25	30
18 to 64 years	570	275	295	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	705	375	330
65 years and over	100	40	60	317,425	140,265	177,155	60	30	30
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	80	35	45	213,720	108,905	104,815	95	60	35
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	5	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	60	25	35	153,385	81,765	71,620	85	55	30
65 years and over	5	0	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	8.0	10.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	10.8	12.8	9.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.0	6.0	6.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	10.0	11.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	12.0	14.4	9.5
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	8.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	16.0	16.0	16.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	870	430	445	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	895	465	430
In bottom half of the distribution	640	315	325	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	480	245	235
In bottom decile	130	60	70	298,540	147,890	150,655	125	75	50
In second decile	140	70	70	244,435	115,985	128,450	115	55	60
In third decile	160	80	85	240,895	116,550	124,345	80	35	45
In fourth decile	105	60	50	218,125	105,885	112,240	80	35	40
In fifth decile	105	45	55	194,765	95,185	99,580	85	45	40
In top half of the distribution	230	115	120	762,590	384,140	378,450	415	220	195
In sixth decile	75	30	40	172,200	85,100	87,095	70	40	30
In seventh decile	65	25	35	156,540	78,290	78,250	60	25	40
In eighth decile	65	30	30	144,120	72,600	71,525	100	55	40
In ninth decile	20	10	5	134,265	68,285	65,980	110	60	45
In top decile	15	10	0	155,465	79,870	75,595	75	40	35
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	870	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	895	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.299	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.331	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.486	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.252	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	895	470	430
English only	230	115	115	262,290	133,690	128,600	30	25	10
French only	155	70	85	486,845	221,005	265,840	200	90	110
English and French	450	230	225	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	660	350	305
Neither English nor French	35	15	15	45,860	18,340	27,520	5	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	895	470	430
English	405	210	195	605,220	303,380	301,835	115	65	50
French	315	145	165	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	740	385	355
English and French	125	55	70	173,785	88,480	85,300	35	15	20
Neither English nor French	30	15	15	44,430	17,640	26,790	5	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	895	470	430
Single responses	765	375	390	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	855	450	405
Official languages	335	165	165	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	740	400	345
English	160	90	70	322,315	162,085	160,230	70	45	25
French	175	75	95	870,975	428,435	442,540	670	355	320
Non-official languages	435	210	225	643,275	311,525	331,750	115	50	60
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	435	210	225	642,820	311,370	331,445	115	50	60
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	65	65	129,195	68,395	60,805	15	5	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	5	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	115	55	60	112,200	59,320	52,880	15	5	10
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	105	55	55	107,605	56,960	50,645	15	5	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5	24,640	11,340	13,300	15	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	5	10	37,690	16,985	20,705	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	5	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	30	15	13,620	7,090	6,525	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	40	30	15	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	180	80	100	329,415	158,980	170,435	70	25	40
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	5	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	35	15	25	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	25	35	68,600	36,145	32,455	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	45	20	25	48,035	25,870	22,165	5	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	5	15	18,260	10,100	8,160	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	5	10	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	5	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	25	30	183,755	87,295	96,460	55	20	35
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	10	0	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	40	20	20	85,395	41,150	44,250	45	15	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	5	0	5
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	15	57,075	26,030	31,035	5	5	5
Chinese languages	35	15	15	56,890	25,955	30,935	5	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	5	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	105	45	55	143,450	71,980	71,470	40	15	20
English and French	20	5	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	20	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	47,185	23,615	23,570	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	895	470	430
English	170	90	80	340,470	170,050	170,425	55	35	20
French	170	80	90	779,125	383,000	396,125	620	320	300
Non-official language	155	70	85	204,395	96,705	107,690	20	5	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	155	70	85	204,315	96,670	107,645	20	5	15
English and French	45	20	25	173,135	89,205	83,935	105	60	50
English and non-official language(s)	135	75	65	135,390	66,995	68,400	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	180,900	85,935	94,965	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	50	45	154,470	76,450	78,020	40	15	25
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	895	470	430
Single responses	760	370	395	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	850	440	405
Official languages	480	240	235	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	805	425	380
English	240	125	115	479,850	239,270	240,580	110	60	45
French	235	115	120	956,130	471,155	484,975	700	365	330
Non-official languages	285	125	160	370,290	177,955	192,335	40	20	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	285	125	160	370,125	177,895	192,235	40	20	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	25	35	66,095	34,080	32,015	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	25	35	58,585	30,100	28,490	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	50	20	30	56,520	29,075	27,445	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	5	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	5	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	10	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	5	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	30	15	15	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	135	60	75	188,550	90,370	98,185	25	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	5	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	5	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	35	15	20	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	15	25	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	20	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	5	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	95,835	44,515	51,315	25	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	5	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	35	15	15	54,335	26,035	28,300	25	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	25	10	15	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	5	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	110	55	55	173,745	85,640	88,110	50	25	20
English and French	25	15	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	25	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	39,365	19,140	20,225	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	57,355	27,790	29,565	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	870	425	445	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	895	470	430
None	570	280	295	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	740	380	360
English	75	35	35	131,630	67,290	64,340	55	35	15
French	50	20	35	126,780	62,180	64,600	45	25	15
Non-official language	95	45	45	144,335	69,210	75,130	25	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	95	45	45	144,155	69,135	75,015	25	10	15
English and French	30	10	15	34,410	17,320	17,090	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	15	15	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	15	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	33,620	16,170	17,450	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	720	360	360	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	865	425	440
Official languages	690	340	350	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	860	425	435
English	605	300	305	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	690	350	335
French	480	245	235	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	825	405	420
Non-official languages	505	255	245	971,455	471,755	499,700	290	115	175
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	505	255	245	970,710	471,495	499,220	290	115	175
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	80	65	217,295	113,605	103,690	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	145	80	65	205,120	107,210	97,905	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	140	80	60	188,115	98,545	89,565	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	20	0	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	20	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	45	20	25	76,295	34,775	41,520	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	15	10	10	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	65	35	25	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	65	35	25	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	190	90	100	514,485	250,190	264,295	210	90	120
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	35	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	30	35	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	20	0	15	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	40	15	25	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	35,095	17,750	17,345	30	25	0
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	15	0	10	31,565	16,090	15,470	25	20	0
German	15	0	10	21,270	10,840	10,435	25	20	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	35	20	20	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	25	30	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	50	25	25	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	15	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	15	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	30	20	324,695	154,360	170,340	180	65	115
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	25	15	15	107,285	51,300	55,985	10	0	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	10	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	30	20	10	193,835	91,345	102,490	170	65	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	35	15	20	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	0	15	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	10	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	720	355	360	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	865	425	440
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	20	20	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	10	10	0
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	720	355	360	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	845	405	440
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	720	355	360	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	865	425	440
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	720	355	360	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	860	420	440
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	495	...	...
Owner	95	...	...	360,125	...	...	185	...	...
Renter	210	...	...	550,240	...	...	310	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	495	...	...
Condominium	25	...	...	192,985	...	...	130	...	...
Not condominium	280	...	...	717,375	...	...	360	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	495	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	35	...	...
1 bedroom	80	...	...	267,715	...	...	225	...	...
2 bedrooms	75	...	...	303,875	...	...	155	...	...
3 bedrooms	115	...	...	220,945	...	...	70	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	25	...	...	98,090	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	495	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	160	...	...	501,570	...	...	280	...	...
5 rooms	90	...	...	166,230	...	...	150	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...	78,495	...	...	30	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	58,850	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	105,210	...	...	15	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.3	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	495	...	...
One person or fewer per room	290	...	...	881,730	...	...	490	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	495	...	...
Suitable	260	...	...	834,885	...	...	475	...	...
Not suitable	40	...	...	75,475	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	495	...	...
1960 or before	50	...	...	325,005	...	...	195	...	...
1961 to 1980	180	...	...	282,605	...	...	120	...	...
1981 to 1990	40	...	...	101,185	...	...	30	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	63,765	...	...	35	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	50	...	...
2006 to 2010	15	...	...	32,875	...	...	10	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	40	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	495	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	270	...	...	833,540	...	...	435	...	...
Major repairs needed	30	...	...	76,815	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	495	...	...
One-maintainer household	190	...	...	543,605	...	...	300	...	...
Two-maintainer household	75	...	...	333,140	...	...	185	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	35	...	...	33,620	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	495	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...	30	...	...
25 to 34 years	35	...	...	162,375	...	...	145	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	171,535	...	...	145	...	...
45 to 54 years	70	...	...	155,520	...	...	85	...	...
55 to 64 years	90	...	...	156,865	...	...	55	...	...
65 to 74 years	25	...	...	122,825	...	...	20	...	...
75 to 84 years	30	...	...	70,345	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	295	...	...	902,485	...	...	495	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	185	...	...	686,075	...	...	390	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	115	...	...	216,410	...	...	110	...	...
30% to less than 100%	105	...	...	189,795	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	490	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	330,635	...	...	170	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	85	...	...	186,350	...	...	100	...	...
Not suitable only	20	...	...	56,480	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	50,745	...	...	40	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	18,075	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	145	...	...	579,720	...	...	330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	285	...	...	875,865	...	...	475	...	...
In core need	35	...	...	87,945	...	...	40	...	...
Not in core need	250	...	...	787,925	...	...	440	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	90	...	...	360,120	...	...	185	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	77.8	...	...	60.0	...	...	78.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	50.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	18.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,060	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,080	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,720	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	640,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	564,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	210	...	...	550,235	...	...	310	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.1	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.7	...	...	28.4	...	...	24.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.1	...	...	14.6	...	...	11.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...	890	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	987	...	...	1,000	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	715	355	360	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	870	430	440
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	45	20	25
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	45	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	35	10	25
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	710	355	350	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	820	400	415
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	715	360	365	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	865	425	440
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	545	270	280	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	735	370	365
Canadian citizens aged under 18	105	60	40	322,965	164,980	157,985	135	60	75
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	445	205	235	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	600	315	290
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	170	85	80	313,410	160,530	152,885	130	55	75
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	715	360	365	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	865	425	440
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	250	135	115	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	630	320	310
Immigrants⁸¹	400	175	220	652,730	313,955	338,770	155	80	75
Before 1980	60	15	45	108,265	50,530	57,735	10	10	10
1980 to 1990	50	35	15	69,695	34,150	35,545	10	0	0
1991 to 2000	80	35	45	106,810	50,520	56,290	10	0	0
2001 to 2010	80	35	40	154,780	74,520	80,255	30	10	15
2011 to 2021⁸²	135	55	75	213,175	104,225	108,950	90	50	40
2011 to 2015	80	35	50	99,070	48,005	51,065	50	20	30
2016 to 2021	50	20	25	114,110	56,220	57,885	35	25	10
Non-permanent residents⁸³	70	45	25	138,240	75,380	62,860	80	25	50
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	400	180	220	652,725	313,955	338,770	155	75	80
Under 5 years	10	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	15	0	10
5 to 14 years	90	40	50	103,285	51,965	51,320	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	65	20	45	118,475	53,035	65,440	20	15	10
25 to 44 years	190	90	100	326,320	158,620	167,700	110	55	55
45 years and over	50	25	20	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	400	180	220	652,725	313,955	338,770	155	75	80
Americas	60	30	35	137,955	63,465	74,485	20	0	15
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	10	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	10	33,410	15,245	18,160	10	0	10
Europe	60	20	40	158,795	76,610	82,190	95	45	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	75	40	35
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	15	0	10	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	10	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	125	55	70	152,205	77,515	74,690	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	45	25	20	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	25	40	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	150	75	80	202,715	95,775	106,935	30	20	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	15	10	20,215	10,625	9,585	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	15	20	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	10	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	10	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	35	15	15	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	15	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	50	20	30	114,110	56,220	57,885	35	25	0
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	25	20	0
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	25	20	0
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	20	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	15	0	10	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	720	355	360	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	865	425	440
First generation¹⁰⁰	465	220	250	813,905	400,325	413,580	240	105	135
Second generation¹⁰¹	190	110	85	424,225	212,755	211,475	150	55	90
Third generation or more¹⁰²	60	30	30	721,230	352,590	368,630	475	260	215
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	340	160	180	544,455	263,425	281,040	145	75	70
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	165	80	80	303,105	155,090	148,020	115	55	60
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	85	50	30	151,015	87,200	63,815	80	50	35
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	80	30	45	152,090	67,890	84,205	25	0	25
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	115	50	70	146,645	59,645	87,000	20	10	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	45	25	25	85,165	44,145	41,025	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	10	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	340	160	180	544,455	263,425	281,040	145	75	70
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	35	25	53,655	28,340	25,310	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	30	20	10	56,685	26,490	30,195	35	20	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	0	15	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	35	20	20
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	225	105	120	387,815	184,015	203,795	65	30	30
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	720	355	360	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	865	425	440
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	430	210	215	737,510	363,785	373,725	115	35	80
South Asian	110	55	55	91,370	48,660	42,710	10	10	0
Chinese	35	20	20	69,985	32,190	37,795	10	0	10
Black	145	70	70	208,805	101,125	107,680	15	10	0
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	95	50	50	151,890	79,375	72,515	20	10	20
Latin American	10	10	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	35	0	30
Southeast Asian	10	10	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	20	0	15
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	290	145	145	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	750	390	360
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	720	360	360	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	865	425	440
Canadian	0	0	0	241,015	115,880	125,135	95	45	50
English	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	15	15	0
Irish	0	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	55	40	20
Scottish	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	60	45	20
French, n.o.s.¹²²	45	15	30	336,880	169,710	167,170	385	195	190
German	35	10	25	40,360	19,305	21,050	20	10	10
Chinese	45	20	25	74,630	34,410	40,220	30	10	20
Italian	25	15	10	156,025	76,485	79,535	40	15	25
Indian (India)	50	15	35	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	30	10	15	33,540	16,340	17,200	10	0	10
Québécois	15	10	10	108,910	54,650	54,260	115	65	50
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	10	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	70	45	30
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	15	0	10
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	25	10	15	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	10	0	10
American	10	10	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	25	0	20	35,975	17,775	18,200	45	10	30
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	15	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	90	55	35	35,410	17,485	17,930	10	10	0
Jewish	35	20	15	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	20	0	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	15	15	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	35	15	20	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	55	35	20	36,445	18,790	17,650	20	10	15
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	25	10	15
Haitian	15	10	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	15	0	10
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	55	30	25	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	10	0	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	35	20	20	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	50	25	25	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	15	20	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	10	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	10	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	10	0	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	720	355	360	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	865	425	440
Buddhist	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	10	0	0
Christian	340	165	180	969,945	451,410	518,540	270	120	145
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	30	10	25	116,635	55,545	61,090	60	45	20
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	145	70	80	675,695	314,690	361,010	180	75	105
Christian Orthodox	70	35	40	68,635	32,680	35,950	20	0	15
Jehovah's Witness	10	0	10	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	35	20	15	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	10	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0
Hindu	80	40	35	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	60	25	35	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	95	55	40	233,440	121,145	112,290	15	0	15
Sikh	20	10	10	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	115	65	50	590,140	310,985	279,165	565	295	275
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	710	355	360	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	850	420	430
Non-movers	600	290	310	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	680	335	345
Movers	110	60	50	255,365	129,500	125,865	170	90	80
Non-migrants	80	50	30	186,805	94,745	92,055	160	80	80
Migrants	30	15	20	68,560	34,750	33,810	10	10	0
Internal migrants	10	0	10	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	10	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	15	10	10	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	690	335	350	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	805	405	405
Non-movers	350	170	185	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	375	190	180
Movers	335	165	165	821,475	413,250	408,230	435	210	225
Non-migrants	250	120	125	433,700	216,030	217,670	285	150	135
Migrants	85	45	40	387,770	197,215	190,560	150	60	90
Internal migrants	25	15	10	190,035	93,955	96,075	65	30	35
Intraprovincial migrants	25	15	10	159,710	78,770	80,940	55	30	20
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	10	0	10
External migrants	55	30	30	197,735	103,260	94,485	85	30	50
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	610	300	315	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	745	375	370
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	110	60	50	274,820	136,500	138,320	45	20	25
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	500	235	270	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	705	355	345
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	405	200	205	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	635	325	300
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40	20	20	121,295	65,950	55,345	15	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	370	180	185	975,700	481,690	494,005	620	320	300
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	610	295	315	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	745	375	370
No certificate, diploma or degree	110	60	45	247,460	120,840	126,625	45	20	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	175	80	90	319,755	162,520	157,240	50	35	15
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	330	155	170	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	655	320	330
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	170	80	85	473,060	232,855	240,210	175	105	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	15	25	146,170	81,740	64,425	30	15	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	10	25	106,110	54,025	52,085	20	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	100	55	45	260,845	122,345	138,495	120	75	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	15	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	30	20	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	160	75	90	609,855	291,355	318,505	480	215	265
Bachelor's degree	105	40	60	344,605	160,320	184,285	240	100	135
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	10	58,945	27,280	31,665	30	10	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	15	0	15
Master's degree	35	20	15	159,510	78,325	81,190	170	90	80
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	20	10	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	405	195	210	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	635	330	305
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	20	20	102,815	55,805	47,015	10	10	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	40	60	162,205	88,420	73,785	35	30	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	270	140	125	831,975	403,420	428,555	585	285	295
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	70	65	333,160	167,260	165,895	150	90	55
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	15	25	110,390	60,690	49,700	30	20	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	15	25	81,090	40,585	40,505	20	15	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	50	35	174,185	84,745	89,445	85	55	30
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	10	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	35	15	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	135	70	65	498,815	236,155	262,665	440	200	240
Bachelor's degree	90	45	40	276,640	128,890	147,745	210	95	115
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	10	48,390	21,995	26,395	35	10	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	10	0	10
Master's degree	30	15	10	137,150	66,720	70,430	165	85	75
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	20	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	615	295	315	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	750	380	365
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	285	145	140	567,220	283,355	283,860	95	55	35
Education	15	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	35	10	25
13. Education	15	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045	35	10	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	75	40	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	70	35	35
Humanities	40	20	20	78,920	30,815	48,110	60	30	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	10	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	30	15	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	10	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	10	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	25	20	157,220	58,185	99,040	135	35	100
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	30	0	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	10	28,365	11,670	16,690	20	10	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	15	10	10
45. Social sciences	30	20	15	59,300	29,185	30,110	45	15	30
Business, management and public administration	65	25	40	248,895	110,950	137,945	115	60	55
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	10	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	25	40	237,125	108,040	129,090	100	45	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	20	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	25	0	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	10	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	25	0	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	35	30	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	25	25	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	25	10	173,380	143,615	29,765	85	75	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	15	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	60	55	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	0	10	11,685	5,720	5,960	20	10	15
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	20	10	15
Health and related fields	40	10	35	122,295	30,795	91,495	55	25	40
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	40	10	35	109,185	24,140	85,045	35	15	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	15	0	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	30	20	15	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	0	15	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	410	200	210	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	630	330	305
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	140	60	80	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	40	10
Education	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	15	0	15
13. Education	10	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	75	40	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	70	30	35
Humanities	35	10	20	52,565	20,765	31,805	55	25	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	10	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	30	15	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	10	10	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	20	20	121,985	44,105	77,880	120	35	90
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	30	0	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	10	10	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	15	10	0
45. Social sciences	30	20	10	44,580	21,945	22,635	35	10	20
Business, management and public administration	50	25	25	199,525	87,920	111,600	105	55	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	15	15	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	25	25	190,410	85,600	104,810	95	45	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20	15	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	25	0	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	10	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	25	0	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	35	30	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	25	25	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	10	137,395	112,025	25,370	80	70	0
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	15	10	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	60	55	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	15	0	15
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	15	0	15
Health and related fields	35	10	25	92,595	23,265	69,330	55	20	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	10	25	82,410	18,370	64,045	35	15	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	15	15	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	10	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	10	15	20,670	7,455	13,220	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	410	200	210	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	630	330	305
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	140	60	80	265,025	144,230	120,800	50	40	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	265	140	125	831,975	403,415	428,560	585	285	300
Location of study inside Canada	160	90	75	598,455	286,340	312,115	470	245	225
Same as province or territory of residence	160	85	75	566,540	270,160	296,380	455	240	220
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	10	10	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	105	50	55	233,520	117,075	116,445	115	40	75
Americas	30	10	20	41,560	21,015	20,550	15	0	10
United States of America	15	0	10	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	10	74,705	39,515	35,190	85	35	50
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	70	30	45
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	45	20	25	65,125	28,945	36,180	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	10	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	10	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	610	295	315	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	745	375	370
In the labour force	315	170	145	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	635	325	310
Employed	260	145	115	971,245	502,885	468,360	595	300	290
Unemployed	50	25	30	110,395	58,460	51,935	45	25	20
Not in the labour force	300	130	170	568,495	246,215	322,280	105	50	55
Participation rate	51.6	57.6	46.0	65.5	69.5	61.8	85.2	86.7	83.8
Employment rate	42.6	49.2	36.5	58.9	62.3	55.6	79.9	80.0	78.4
Unemployment rate	15.9	14.7	20.7	10.2	10.4	10.0	7.1	7.7	6.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	615	295	320	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	750	380	365
Did not work¹⁸⁶	285	120	165	582,470	253,075	329,400	90	40	50
Worked	325	175	145	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	660	340	315
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	155	80	75	529,400	287,950	241,450	315	180	135
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	170	95	75	538,265	266,540	271,725	340	160	185
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.7	38.0	37.2	39.7	40.2	39.3	41.6	42.8	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	315	170	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	640	325	310
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	15	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	295	160	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	640	325	310
Employee	270	150	130	907,745	457,830	449,915	525	265	260
Permanent position	240	130	110	741,830	380,445	361,385	410	220	190
Temporary position	35	20	20	165,915	77,385	88,530	115	45	70
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	10	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	55	25	30
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	10	15	96,225	46,100	50,120	60	20	35
Self-employed¹⁹²	20	15	0	142,380	88,145	54,230	115	60	50
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	315	170	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	640	325	310
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	15	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	295	160	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	640	325	310
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	10	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	65	35	35	207,660	79,975	127,685	120	45	75
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	40	30	10	114,775	85,780	28,990	110	85	25
3 Health occupations	15	10	10	85,545	21,700	63,845	65	15	50
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	35	15	25	140,500	46,385	94,115	105	40	70
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	85	45	40
6 Sales and service occupations	60	40	20	263,055	135,300	127,750	85	30	50
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	30	20	15	109,555	99,115	10,440	40	40	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	10	10	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	35	20	15	42,380	28,195	14,185	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	315	170	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	640	325	310
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	20	10	15	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	295	160	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	640	325	310
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	10	10	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	20	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	65	35	25	86,535	58,295	28,235	30	20	10
41 Wholesale trade	20	10	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	10	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	35	15	20	111,555	56,180	55,375	45	10	35
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	30	10	15	56,160	43,355	12,805	10	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	35	20	20
52 Finance and insurance	10	10	0	53,430	27,205	26,225	45	25	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	10	15	130,405	75,750	54,655	115	70	45
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	0	0	0
61 Educational services	25	15	10	95,290	34,510	60,780	85	30	55
62 Health care and social assistance	30	15	15	142,545	36,095	106,450	90	30	60
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	30	0	20
72 Accommodation and food services	30	20	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	30	20	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	15	0	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	30	15	15
91 Public administration	0	0	0	42,120	20,455	21,665	30	15	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	345	190	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	660	340	320
English	135	70	60	201,310	110,165	91,150	65	40	30
French	55	30	25	416,430	206,170	210,265	300	140	155
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	145	85	60	473,485	249,700	223,785	275	150	125
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	28,645	14,450	14,195	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	345	190	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	660	340	320
Single responses	320	165	150	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	625	315	305
Official languages	315	160	150	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	625	315	305
English	185	100	90	361,715	194,885	166,835	140	80	60
French	125	65	60	645,885	327,180	318,705	480	235	245
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	30	20	10	126,180	65,940	60,240	35	20	20
English and French	25	20	0	116,535	60,925	55,605	35	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	345	190	155	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	660	340	320
None	210	125	90	743,180	381,875	361,305	400	200	195
English	75	40	30	219,885	116,455	103,430	180	95	85
French	60	25	30	149,470	78,495	70,975	70	35	35
Non-official language	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	260	145	115	971,245	502,885	468,360	590	300	295
Worked at home	35	25	15	298,820	151,335	147,485	280	150	130
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	0	0	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	20	15	0
Usual place of work	225	125	105	580,035	286,695	293,340	290	135	155
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	225	125	100	580,035	286,695	293,340	295	135	160
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	160	90	70	427,475	202,010	225,465	280	125	155
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	55	25	25	91,735	47,670	44,070	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	10	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	230	120	100	669,150	349,485	319,665	315	150	160
Car, truck or van	120	90	35	395,615	229,315	166,300	85	50	45
Car, truck or van - as a driver	105	75	30	365,770	218,475	147,295	85	50	45
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	15	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	0	0	0
Public transit	90	35	50	177,860	74,605	103,260	145	70	80
Walked	10	0	10	61,160	26,300	34,860	45	15	30
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	30	20	15
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	230	120	100	669,150	349,485	319,665	315	150	160
Less than 15 minutes	55	25	30	125,240	61,185	64,055	45	15	25
15 to 29 minutes	95	60	35	241,005	129,590	111,420	130	60	70
30 to 44 minutes	45	25	20	176,925	96,710	80,215	95	40	55
45 to 59 minutes	25	15	15	67,635	33,110	34,530	35	30	0
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	10	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	230	120	100	669,150	349,485	319,665	315	150	160
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	15	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20	10	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	25	15	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	15	30	166,695	79,410	87,280	90	60	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	65	30	30	149,185	68,865	80,320	120	50	70
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	25	15	106,855	50,615	56,240	55	25	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	55	35	25	112,350	65,830	46,520	20	0	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	205	115	90	371,310	189,920	181,390	125	60	65
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	65	35	30	109,065	56,315	52,750	20	10	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	140	75	65	262,245	133,605	128,640	110	55	60
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	150	85	70	264,905	135,505	129,395	75	40	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	35	25	82,880	42,755	40,130	15	5	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	50	30	20	67,535	34,945	32,590	5	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	10	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	50	45	182,020	92,755	89,270	65	30	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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